Nonpoint-source contamination of water resources from triazine herbicides has been a major water-quality issue during the 1990s in the United States. To address this issue, studies of surface water, ground water, and precipitation have been carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Midwestern United States.
\nReconnaissance studies of 147 streams were conducted to determine the geographic and seasonal distribution of atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, and simazine. These studies showed that high concentrations of herbicides were flushed from cropland and transported through the stream system as pulses in response to spring and summer rainfall. The studies also revealed the persistence of herbicides and their degradation products in streams.
\nAn investigation of 76 reservoirs showed that the occurrence and temporal distribution of herbicides and their degradation products in reservoir outflow could be related to reservoir and drainage-basin characteristics, water and land use, herbicide use, and climate. Significant findings showed that concentrations of atrazine and its degradation products remained elevated all summer and into the fall and that recently applied atrazine mixed with atrazine applied the previous year as water moved through a reservoir.
\nReconnaissance studies of 303 ground-water wells were completed to determine hydrogeological and seasonal occurrence, concentration, and distribution of herbicides and their degradation products. Samples collected from across the Midwestern United States consistently revealed that triazine herbicide degradation products commonly were found more frequently than their parent herbicide and that ground-water age could be an important factor in explaining variations in herbicide contamination.
\nA final study investigated precipitation in the Midwestern United States, northeast to the Atlantic Ocean, and northward to the Canadian border. It found that the highest herbicide concentrations in precipitation occurred following herbicide application to cropland. Atrazine was detected most often, followed by deethylatrazine, cyanazine, and deisoproplyatrazine. Mass deposition of herbicides by precipitation was greatest in areas where herbicide use was intense and decreased with distance from the Midwest.
\nFindings of the 1990s studies include an improved understanding of the occurrence, persistence, chemistry, and transport of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in the hydrologic environment. A significant increase in knowledge of triazine herbicides and development and improvement of analytical methods were accomplished in the past decade. The results produced are not only significant for the present (2005) but provide an important data set for future use.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055094","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Kolpin, D.W., 2005, Summary of significant results from studies of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in surface water, ground water, and precipitation in the midwestern United States during the 1990s: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5094, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055094.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 48.66194284607008\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 49.410973199695846\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"
Abstract
Introduction
Triazine Herbicide Usage
Water-Quality Studies
Surface Water
Ground Water
Precipitation
Chemistry and Transport of Triazine Herbicides in Water
Persistence
Summary
References Cited
Detailed documentation of geomorphic changes in the landscape of more than a few years is rarely possible. Channel cross sections, channel profiles, sediment deposition behind dams, and hillslope-erosion plots, originally benchmarked within several watersheds outside Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, for a 1966 report that documented processes and rates of arid-region sediment production and deposition, were resurveyed in the mid-1990’s. Many of the original study sites were relocated and surveyed in the mid-1990’s to determine subsequent channel and hillslope changes and to determine whether trends of channel and hillslope aggradation and degradation that were evident in the 1950’s and 1960’s have continued. In general, the net change in channel geometry has been small over the last 30–40 years. The average change in cross-sectional area of 32 resurveyed cross sections was erosion of 0.27 square meter, which equates to a 4-percent increase in cross-sectional area. The average net change in thalweg elevation for 51 resurveyed cross sections was degradation of 0.04 meter. Unpublished data (1964–68) from the scour chains showed that 371 chains had an average scour of 0.14 ± 0.14 meter and that 372 chains showed an average fill of 0.13 + 0.11 meter. Scour, found in the original study (1958–64) to be proportional to the square root of discharge, was confirmed with the addition of unpublished data (1964–68). The observed channel changes have no consistent trend, compared either to results observed in the original 1966 study or to distance from the watershed divide. The conclusion drawn in the original study was that most channels were aggrading; the resurvey showed that aggradation did not continue.
An increase in housing and population in the Arroyo de los Frijoles watershed since the 1950’s has led to more roads. Channel degradation is most noticeable at road crossings. The greatest degradation of the main channel Arroyo de los Frijoles, 1.53 meters, and the greatest aggradation, 0.38 meter, occur downstream and upstream, respectively, from a culvert in a dirt road.
Periods of high average annual rainfall intensity reported for Santa Fe for 1853–80 immediately preceded late 19th century arroyo incision, and another period of high-intensity rainfall began in 1967. This may indicate that climatic factors are again favorable for arroyo incision in this part of New Mexico; data from this resurvey, however, do not provide evidence of a renewed cycle of erosion.
At a 1930’s Civilian Conservation Corps-constructed dam on Coyote C. Arroyo, the measured sediment yield from 1966 to 1993 was 139 metric tonnes per square kilometer per year. Sediment yields have decreased through time because of either a decrease in the trap efficiency of the reservoir over time or a decrease in sediment delivery to the reservoir because of upstream channel storage. The effects of base-level rise on the channel profile were documented in 1993 through resurveys of sediment deposits behind two small dams, Big Sweat Dam and Little Sweat Dam. Both dams, built in 1960, showed sediment deposition that extends 20 and 9.3 meters upstream, respectively, and the 1993 sediment gradient was nearly the same as the unaffected channel upstream. Big Sweat Dam showed fluctuations in channel gradient within 5.3 meters of the dam, which may be a result of local scour following complete filling of the dam, scour from increased sinuosity, or differences in the location of surveying stations over time. The sinuosity of the channel has increased over time, presumably from a reduction in slope. Channel gradients 0 to 11.0 meters upstream from Little Sweat Dam have remained constant at about 0.028 from 1964 to 1993.
Measurement of erosion or hillslope-erosion plots show that average values of surface erosion range from 0.019 to 0.096 centimeters per year and are within values reported for regional erosion and denudation studies. Sediment yield from the Slopewash Tributary erosion plot was 307 metric tonnes per square kilometer per year.
The reproducibility and accuracy of the resurveys from the 1950’s to the 1990’s attest to the concepts used to quantify geomorphic features established in the Vigil Network. With relatively simple techniques, more than 30 years of geomorphic change were observed in this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1704","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department\r\n\r\n","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Emmett, W.W., and Leopold, L.B., 2005, Channel and hillslope processes revisited in the Arroyo de los Frijoles watershed near Santa Fe, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1704, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1704.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1704.jpg"},{"id":6591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/pp1704/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Arroyo de los Frijoles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.025,\n 35.78333\n ],\n [\n -105.925,\n 35.78333\n ],\n [\n -105.925,\n 35.6754\n ],\n [\n -106.025,\n 35.675\n ],\n [\n -106.025,\n 35.78333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70820,"text":"sir20055047 - 2005 - Ground-water flow and water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer, southwestern Albany area, Georgia, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20055047","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5047","title":"Ground-water flow and water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer, southwestern Albany area, Georgia, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"During 1997, the Dougherty County Health Department sampled more than 700 wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer in Dougherty County, Georgia, and determined that nitrate as nitrogen (hereinafter called nitrate) concentrations were above 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 12 percent of the wells. Ten mg/L is the Georgia primary drinking-water standard. The ground-water flow system is complex and poorly understood in this predominantly agricultural area. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - in cooperation with Albany Water, Gas and Light Commission - conducted a study to better define ground-water flow and water quality in the Upper Florida aquifer in the southwestern Albany area, Georgia. \r\n\r\nGround-water levels were measured in the southwestern Albany area, Georgia, during May 1998 and March 1999 (spring), and October 1998 and September 1999 (fall). Groundwater levels measured in 75 wells open only to the Upper Floridan aquifer were used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for those four time periods. These maps show that ground water generally flows from northwest to southeast at gradients ranging from about 2 to greater than 10 feet per mile. During spring and fall 1998, ground-water levels were high and mounding of the potentiometric surface occurred in the central part of the study area, indicating a local recharge area. Water levels declined from December through February, and by March 1999 the mound in the potentiometric surface had dissipated. \r\n\r\nOf the 75 wells in the potentiometric network, 24 were selected for a water-quality network. These 24 wells and 1 spring were sampled during fall 1998 and spring 1999. Samples were analyzed for major chemical constituents, selected minor constituents, selected nutrients, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). Water-quality field measurements - such as water temperature, pH, specific conductance (SC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) - were taken at each well. During August 2000, a ground-water sample was collected and analyzed for selected sewage tracers. During March 2001, water samples from selected wells were analyzed for nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. Age-dating analysis using CFCs yield apparent groundwater ages that range from modern to greater than 50 years. \r\n\r\nThe chemistry of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer varies widely throughout the southwestern Albany area, Georgia, and in general represents the chemistry commonly found in recharge areas. From fall 1998 through spring 1999, median values of pH, SC, and DO concentration were 7.6 standard units, 266 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (uS/cm), and 5.6 mg/L, respectively. The SC is highest (350 - 400 uS/cm) where mounding of the potentiometric surface exists. Specific DO concentrations indicate an area of anoxic ground water in the north-central part of the study area. \r\n\r\nWater samples indicate that ground water in the study area is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions, which is consistent with the limestone lithology of the aquifer. About 25 percent of the samples contained sodium and chloride at ratios similar to those in rainfall, indicating a close proximity to recharge areas. The remaining water samples, however, had sodiumchloride ratios less than 0.90, the ratio in Tift County, Georgia, rainfall samples. These low sodium-chloride ratios are consistent with chloride enrichment. Minor constituent and nutrient concentrations typically are below laboratory reporting limits; however, the maximum nitrate concentration measured during the study period was 12.2 mg/L, and the median concentration for the study period was 3.0 mg/L. Samples collected during 1999 had a higher median nitrate concentration than the 1998 samples. Regression analysis indicated that nitrate concentrations are related exponentially to chloride concentrations. \r\n\r\nFour distinct groups of ground-water-quality samples, plus four unique samples, were identified using cluster analysis. Water-quality groups I and","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055047","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., and Lawrence, S.J., 2005, Ground-water flow and water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer, southwestern Albany area, Georgia, 1998-2001 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5047, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055047.","productDescription":"86 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6564,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Dougherty County","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.4903564453125,\n 31.304368451830978\n ],\n [\n -84.4903564453125,\n 31.648705289976853\n ],\n [\n -84.078369140625,\n 31.648705289976853\n ],\n [\n -84.078369140625,\n 31.304368451830978\n ],\n [\n -84.4903564453125,\n 31.304368451830978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Debbie 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":104106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70830,"text":"ofr20051088 - 2005 - Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"ofr20051088","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1088","title":"Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake Basin","docAbstract":"Mapping and dating of surficial deposits in the Bear Lake drainage basin were undertaken to provide a geologic context for interpretation of cores taken from deposits beneath Bear Lake, which sometimes receives water and sediment from the glaciated Bear River and sometimes only from the small drainage basin of Bear Lake itself. Analyses of core sediments by others are directed at (1) constructing a high-resolution climate record for the Bear Lake area during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, and (2) investigating the sources and weathering history of sediments in the drainage basin. Surficial deposits in the upper Bear River and Bear Lake drainage basins are different in their overall compositions, although they do overlap. In the upper Bear River drainage, Quaternary deposits derived from glaciation of the Uinta Range contain abundant detritus weathered from Precambrian quartzite, whereas unglaciated tributaries downstream mainly contribute finer sediment weathered from much younger, more friable sedimentary rocks. In contrast, carbonate rocks capped by a carapace of Tertiary sediments dominate the Bear Lake drainage basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051088","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Laabs, B.J., Forester, R.M., McGeehin, J., Kaufman, D.S., and Bright, J., 2005, Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake Basin (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1088, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051088.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laabs, Benjamin J.C.","contributorId":24442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laabs","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, Richard M.","contributorId":71961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bright, Jordon","contributorId":76010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70821,"text":"sir20045101 - 2005 - Use of a ground-water flow model to delineate contributing areas to the Puchack Well Field, Pennsauken township and vicinity, Camden county, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20045101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5101","title":"Use of a ground-water flow model to delineate contributing areas to the Puchack Well Field, Pennsauken township and vicinity, Camden county, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Well Head Protection Program, developed in response to the 1986 Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, requires delineation of Well Head Protection Areas (WHPA's), commonly called contributing areas, for all public and non-community water-supply wells in New Jersey. Typically, WHPA's for public community water-supply wells in New Jersey are delineated using a two-dimensional ground-water flow model incorporating the regional hydraulic gradient; however, NJDEP guidelines allow for the use of a three-dimensional flow model to delineate contributing areas to wells in complex hydrogeologic settings.\r\n\r\nThe Puchack well field in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, N.J., is an area of strong hydraulic connection between the Lower aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system and the Delaware River. Interactions among and within the public-supply well fields in the area are complex.\r\n\r\nTo delineate the contributing area to the Puchack well field, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NJDEP, developed an 11-layer ground-water flow model of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the Pennsauken Township area to simulate flow in the vicinity of the well field. The model incorporates the interaction between the aquifer system and the Delaware River, and includes boundary flows from an existing regional model of the Camden area. Recharge used in the model ranged from 4.5 to 14 inches per year, and horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranged from 50 to 250 feet per day. Values of vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 feet per day were assigned to zones created on the basis of variations in hydrogeologic conditions observed in geophysical logs from wells.\r\n\r\nA steady-state simulation was used to calibrate the model to synoptic water-level data collected in March 1998. Near the Puchack well field, simulated heads generally were within 1 foot of the measured heads in both the Middle and Lower aquifers. Simulated water-level differences across the confining units at most of the nested wells were within ? 0.5 feet of the differences calculated from measured water levels.\r\n\r\nThe existing flow model was modified to meet NJDEP guidelines for delineating contributing areas in complex hydrogeologic settings. These modifications included rediscretizing the model grid to a finer grid and preparing the water-use data set for use in the rediscretized model. The contributing area to the Puchack well field was delineated by means of particle tracking. \r\n\r\nAn uncertainty analysis was conducted in which 36 model-input parameters were both increased and decreased until the resulting change in simulated heads exceeded the model-calibration criterion of ? 5 feet at any model cell. Porosity most affected the size and shape of the contributing area. The distribution of withdrawals at the Morris/Delair well field and variations in recharge affected both the size and shape of contributing area to the Puchack well field and the source of water to the Puchack wells. \r\n\r\nThe results of the uncertainty analysis were combined to determine the 'aggregate' contributing area to the Puchack well field--a composite of areas on the land surface that contributed flow to the Puchack well field in less than 12 years in any uncertainty simulation. The shape of the aggregate contributing area was most similar to that associated with a reduction in porosity, which indirectly affected the size and shape of the contributing areas by changing travel time.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045101","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., and Watt, M.K., 2005, Use of a ground-water flow model to delineate contributing areas to the Puchack Well Field, Pennsauken township and vicinity, Camden county, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5101, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045101.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70806,"text":"sir20055050 - 2005 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:06:18.48466","indexId":"sir20055050","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5050","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department, is investigating the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, New Mexico. The primary approach is to determine the processes controlling ground-water chemistry at an unmined, off-site but proximal analog. The Straight Creek catchment, chosen for this purpose, consists of the same Tertiary-age quartz-sericite-pyrite altered andesite and rhyolitic volcanics as the mine site. Straight Creek is about 5 kilometers east of the eastern boundary of the mine site. Both Straight Creek and the mine site are at approximately the same altitude, face south, and have the same climatic conditions.
Thirteen wells in the proximal analog drainage catchment were sampled for ground-water chemistry. Eleven wells were installed for this study and two existing wells at the Advanced Waste-Water Treatment (AWWT) facility were included in this study. Eight wells were sampled outside the Straight Creek catchment: one each in the Hansen, Hottentot, and La Bobita debris fans, four in a well cluster in upper Capulin Canyon (three in alluvial deposits and one in bedrock), and an existing well at the U.S. Forest Service Questa Ranger Station in Red River alluvial deposits. Two surface waters from the Hansen Creek catchment and two from the Hottentot drainage catchment also were sampled for comparison to ground-water compositions. In this report, these samples are evaluated to determine if the geochemical interpretations from the Straight Creek ground-water geochemistry could be extended to other ground waters in the Red River Valley , including the mine site.
Total-recoverable major cations and trace metals and dissolved major cations, selected trace metals, anions, alkalinity; and iron-redox species were determined for all surface- and ground-water samples. Rare-earth elements and low-level As, Bi, Mo, Rb, Re, Sb, Se, Te, Th, U, Tl, V, W, Y, and Zr were determined on selected samples. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mercury, sulfate stable isotope composition (δ34S and δ18O of sulfate), stable isotope composition of water (δ2H and δ18O of water) were measured for selected samples. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and 3He and 3H were measured for age dating on selected samples.
Linear regressions from the Straight Creek ground-water data were used to compare ground-water chemistry trends in non-Straight Creek ground waters with Straight Creek alluvial ground-water chemistry dilution trends. Most of the solute trends for the ground waters are similar to those for Straight Creek but there are some notable exceptions. In lithologies that contain substantial pyrite mineralization, acid waters form with similar chemistries to those in Straight Creek and all the waters tend to be calcium-sulfate type. Hottentot ground waters contain substantially lower calcium concentrations relative to those in Straight Creek. This anomaly results from the exposure of rhyolite porphyry in the Hottentot scar and weathering zone. The rhyolite contains less calcium than the altered andesites and tuffs in the Straight Creek catchment and probably does not have the abundant gypsum and calcite. The Hansen ground waters have reached gypsum saturation and have similar calcium, magnesium, and beryllium concentrations as Straight Creek ground waters but have lower concentrations of fluoride, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, and lithium. Lower concentrations of elements related to mineralization at Hansen likely reflect the more distal location of Hansen with respect to intrusive centers that provided the heat source for hydrothermal alteration.
The other ground water with water chemistry trends that are outside the Straight Creek trends was from an alluvial well from Capulin Canyon (CC2A). Although it had pH values near 6.0 and most major ions similar to the other Capulin Canyon ground waters, it contained high concentrations of fluoride, manganese, aluminum, iron, beryllium, and zinc similar to a mineralized zone and had low alkalinity.
Saturation indices indicate that solubility constraints continue to provide upper limits on some solute concentrations. Siderite, ferrihydrite, calcite, gypsum, rhodochrosite, and barite provide limits for concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Ca, Mn, and Ba, respectively. Beryllium concentrations may be subject to an upper concentration limit by the solubility of Be(OH)2 but these concentrations probably are not reached in the ground waters.
Ground-water isotopic data were consistent with the meteoric water line estimated for precipitation in the Red River Valley, indicating that all the ground waters examined in this study were meteoric, recent in origin, and showed no substantial indication of evaporation. Tritium-helium-3 and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating were partially successful. Generally, dates were consistent with location and depth of wells. Two samples had good agreement between CFC dates and tritium-helium dates, whereas a third reflected either substantial mixing with younger or older waters or complications arising from excess helium-4. The well at La Bobita appeared to contain a large component of modern water, most likely as a result of mixing with water from Red River alluvial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055050","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Hunt, A.G., and Naus, C.A., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5050, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055050.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73766.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley, Straight Creek catchment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7\n ],\n [\n -105.4278,\n 36.7\n ],\n [\n -105.4278,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70808,"text":"ofr20051188 - 2005 - Estimation of agricultural pesticide use in drainage basins using land cover maps and county pesticide data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"ofr20051188","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1188","title":"Estimation of agricultural pesticide use in drainage basins using land cover maps and county pesticide data","docAbstract":"A geographic information system (GIS) was used to estimate agricultural pesticide use in the drainage basins of streams that are studied as part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Drainage basin pesticide use estimates were computed by intersecting digital maps of drainage basin boundaries with an enhanced version of the National Land Cover Data 1992 combined with estimates of 1992 agricultural pesticide use in each United States county. This report presents the methods used to quantify agricultural pesticide use in drainage basins using a GIS and includes the estimates of atrazine use applied to row crops, small-grain crops, and fallow lands in 150 watersheds in the conterminous United States. Basin atrazine use estimates are presented to compare and analyze the results that were derived from 30-meter and 1-kilometer resolution land cover and county pesticide use data, and drainage basin boundaries at various grid cell resolutions. Comparisons of the basin atrazine use estimates derived from watershed boundaries, county pesticide use, and land cover data sets at different resolutions, indicated that overall differences were minor. The largest potential for differences in basin pesticide use estimates between those derived from the 30-meter and 1-kilometer resolution enhanced National Land Cover Data 1992 exists wherever there are abrupt agricultural land cover changes along the basin divide. Despite the limitations of the drainage basin pesticide use data described in this report, the basin estimates provide consistent and comparable indicators of agricultural pesticide application in surface-water drainage basins studied in the NAWQA Program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051188","usgsCitation":"Nakagaki, N., and Wolock, D.M., 2005, Estimation of agricultural pesticide use in drainage basins using land cover maps and county pesticide data (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1188, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051188.","productDescription":"56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6560,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr20051188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70635,"text":"sir20055015 - 2005 - Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T14:12:25.045901","indexId":"sir20055015","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-06T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5015","title":"Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20055015","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Adams, M.J., Battaglin, W.A., Gallant, A.L., James, D.L., Knutson, M., Langtimm, C.A., and Sauer, J., 2005, Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5015, ix, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055015.","productDescription":"ix, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68678e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Daniel L.","contributorId":93987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda","contributorId":27929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70799,"text":"sir20045300 - 2005 - Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045300","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5300","title":"Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado","docAbstract":"Wildfires caused extreme changes in the hydrologic, hydraulic, and geomorphologic characteristics of many Colorado drainage basins in the summer of 2002. Detailed assessments were made of the short-term effects of three wildfires on burned and adjacent unburned parts of drainage basins. These were the Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires. Longer term runoff characteristics that reflect post-fire drainage basin recovery expected to develop over a period of several years also were analyzed for two affected stream reaches: the South Platte River between Deckers and Trumbull, and Mitchell Creek in Glenwood Springs. The 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-plain boundaries and water-surface profiles were computed in a detailed hydraulic study of the Deckers-to-Trumbull reach.\r\n\r\nThe Hayman wildfire burned approximately 138,000 acres (216 square miles) in granitic terrain near Denver, and the predominant potential hazard in this area is flooding by sediment-laden water along the large tributaries to and the main stem of the South Platte River. The Coal Seam wildfire burned approximately 12,200 acres (19.1 square miles) near Glenwood Springs, and the Missionary Ridge wildfire burned approximately 70,500 acres (110 square miles) near Durango, both in areas underlain by marine shales where the predominant potential hazard is debris-flow inundation of low-lying areas.\r\n\r\nHydrographs and peak discharges for pre-burn and post-burn scenarios were computed for each drainage basin and tributary subbasin by using rainfall-runoff models because streamflow data for most tributary subbasins were not available. An objective rainfall-runoff model calibration method based on nonlinear regression and referred to as the ?objective calibration method? was developed and applied to rainfall-runoff models for three burned areas. The HEC-1 rainfall-runoff model was used to simulate the pre-burn rainfall-runoff processes in response to the 100-year storm, and HEC-HMS was used for runoff hydrograph generation.\r\n\r\nPost-burn rainfall-runoff parameters were determined by adjusting the runoff-curve numbers on the basis of a weighting procedure derived from the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (now the National Resources Conservation Service) equation for precipitation excess and the effect of burn severity. This weighting procedure was determined to be more appropriate than simple area weighting because of the potentially marked effect of even small burned areas on the runoff hydrograph in individual drainage basins. Computed water-peak discharges from HEC-HMS models were increased volumetrically to account for increased sediment concentrations that are expected as a result of accelerated erosion after burning. Peak discharge estimates for potential floods in the South Platte River were increased by a factor that assumed a volumetric sediment concentration (Cv) of 20 percent. Flood hydrographs for the South Platte River and Mitchell Creek were routed down main-stem channels using watershed-routing algorithms included in the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model.\r\n\r\nIn areas subject to debris flows in the Coal Seam and Missionary Ridge burned areas, debris-flow discharges were simulated by 100-year rainfall events, and the inflow hydrographs at tributary mouths were simulated by using the objective calibration method. Sediment concentrations (Cv) used in debris-flow simulations were varied through the event, and were initial Cv 20 percent, mean Cv approximately 31 percent, maximum Cv 48 percent, Cv 43 percent at the time of the water hydrograph peak, and Cv 20 percent for the duration of the event. The FLO-2D flood- and debris-flow routing model was used to delineate the area of unconfined debris-flow inundation on selected alluvial fan and valley floor areas.\r\n\r\nA method was developed to objectively determine the post-fire recovery period for the Hayman and Coal Seam burned areas using runoff-curve numbers (RCN) for all drainage basins for a 50-year period. A ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045300","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Smith, M., Friedel, M., Stevens, M.R., Bossong, C., Litke, D.W., Parker, R.S., Costello, C., Wagner, J., Char, S., Bauer, M., and Wilds, S., 2005, Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5300, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045300.","productDescription":"109 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, M. R.","contributorId":25178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bossong, C. R.","contributorId":39762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costello, C.","contributorId":6319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costello","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wagner, J.","contributorId":93764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Char, S.J.","contributorId":29266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bauer, M.A.","contributorId":80099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wilds, S.R.","contributorId":50782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilds","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70800,"text":"gip13 - 2005 - Potential changes in ground-water flow and their effects on the ecology and water resources of the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T14:18:44","indexId":"gip13","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Potential changes in ground-water flow and their effects on the ecology and water resources of the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gip13","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., and Portnoy, J.W., 2005, Potential changes in ground-water flow and their effects on the ecology and water resources of the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 13, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip13.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/gip13/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_13.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68392f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portnoy, John W.","contributorId":97954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portnoy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70801,"text":"ofr20051230 - 2005 - Quality-assurance plan for the analysis of fluvial sediment by the U.S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"ofr20051230","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1230","title":"Quality-assurance plan for the analysis of fluvial sediment by the U.S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory","docAbstract":"This report describes laboratory procedures used by the U.S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory for the processing and analysis of fluvial-sediment samples for concentration of sand and finer material. The report details the processing of a sediment sample through the laboratory from receiving the sediment sample, through the analytical process, to compiling results of the requested analysis. Procedures for preserving sample integrity, calibrating and maintaining of laboratory and field instruments and equipment, analyzing samples, internal quality assurance and quality control, and validity of the sediment-analysis results also are described. The report includes a list of references cited and a glossary of sediment and quality-assurance terms.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051230","usgsCitation":"Shreve, E.A., and Downs, A.C., 2005, Quality-assurance plan for the analysis of fluvial sediment by the U.S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1230, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051230.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64ec5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shreve, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":91949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shreve","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70802,"text":"ofr20051206 - 2005 - Occurrence of organic wastewater contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in selected water supplies, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, June 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"ofr20051206","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1206","title":"Occurrence of organic wastewater contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in selected water supplies, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, June 2004","docAbstract":"In June 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment, sampled water from 14 wastewater sources and drinking-water supplies on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, for the presence of organic wastewater contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. The geographic distribution of sampling locations does not represent the distribution of drinking-water supplies on Cape Cod. The environmental presence of the analyte compounds is mostly unregulated; many of the compounds are suspected of having adverse ecological and human health effects. Of the 85 different organic analyte compounds, 43 were detected, with 13 detected in low concentrations (less than 1 microgram per liter) from drinking-water supplies thought to be affected by wastewater because of previously detected high nitrate concentrations. (Phenol and d-limonene, detected in equipment blanks at unacceptably high concentrations, are not included in counts of detections in this report.) Compounds detected in the drinking-water supplies included the solvent, tetrachloroethylene; the analgesic, acetaminophen; the antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole; and the antidepressant, carbamazapine. Nitrate nitrogen, an indicator of wastewater, was detected in water supplies in concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 8.8 milligrams per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051206","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., 2005, Occurrence of organic wastewater contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in selected water supplies, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, June 2004 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1206, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051206.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6557,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69232a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70238386,"text":"70238386 - 2005 - Systematics of halogen elements and their radioisotopes in thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon, Western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-19T00:16:32.615301","indexId":"70238386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T18:08:16","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematics of halogen elements and their radioisotopes in thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon, Western USA","docAbstract":"This study quantifies the cycling of halogen elements through the Cascadia subduction zone based on the chemistry of thermal springs in the Central Oregon Cascade Range and of a mineral spring in the forearc (Willamette Valley). Considerations based on mass balances, element ratios, and 36Cl/Cl and 129I/I ratios suggest that halogens discharged through the thermal springs in the Cascade Range are probably derived from magma degassing. Our results indicate that < 35% of the subducted Cl and < 20% of the subducted Br and I could be transported through arc volcanism and the thermal springs, a considerably lower percentage than estimated for other volcanic arcs along the Pacific Rim. A likely explanation for this difference is that a large fraction of the halogens is released from the slab at shallow depths into the serpentinized sub-forearc mantle because of the relatively high temperatures in the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The small fraction of halogens subducted to depth probably also indicates a low rate of water transport, which is consistent with the observation that the Cascade Range sub-arc mantle is relatively dry and has a low degree of volcanic vigor, compared with other arcs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.029","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Mariner, R.H., Fehn, U., and Snyder, G.T., 2005, Systematics of halogen elements and their radioisotopes in thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon, Western USA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 235, no. 3-4, p. 700-714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.029.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"714","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13986058293018,\n 45.3791772401552\n ],\n [\n -122.66984245549246,\n 45.03466392066977\n ],\n [\n -122.79618522892974,\n 44.738878822864706\n ],\n [\n -122.8950621820547,\n 44.46918607775237\n ],\n [\n -123.08182976017962,\n 44.22563562975506\n ],\n [\n -122.93351433049203,\n 43.909881892045206\n ],\n [\n -123.26859733830455,\n 43.55264601628471\n ],\n [\n -123.26310417424222,\n 43.08505496998674\n ],\n [\n -123.10380241642963,\n 42.710814264173024\n ],\n [\n -122.43099827824169,\n 42.74877496375163\n ],\n [\n -122.15359349308548,\n 42.80723795491019\n ],\n [\n -121.83498997746062,\n 42.74877496375163\n ],\n [\n -121.85421605167927,\n 42.94008586861878\n ],\n [\n -121.9118942743356,\n 43.12278589250849\n ],\n [\n -121.81851048527297,\n 43.19291029874981\n ],\n [\n -121.78555150089798,\n 43.46861643547061\n ],\n [\n -121.5548386102736,\n 43.68628432595577\n ],\n [\n -121.46694798527366,\n 43.844965290817896\n ],\n [\n -121.48617405949231,\n 44.050621171240465\n ],\n [\n -121.58505101261738,\n 44.22171717700499\n ],\n [\n -121.58230443058605,\n 44.3828988080258\n ],\n [\n -121.43398900089878,\n 44.582775410310575\n ],\n [\n -121.55209202824238,\n 44.68050400953618\n ],\n [\n -121.59603734074236,\n 44.76051866060476\n ],\n [\n -121.7718185907427,\n 44.77015328052116\n ],\n [\n -121.837736559493,\n 44.83446420668932\n ],\n [\n -121.7718185907427,\n 44.920100591770876\n ],\n [\n -121.78005833683669,\n 45.07353698829968\n ],\n [\n -121.71963353214906,\n 45.16849995250277\n ],\n [\n -121.804777575118,\n 45.26910410593652\n ],\n [\n -121.92562718449295,\n 45.28649829321472\n ],\n [\n -121.94485325871162,\n 45.3463707917918\n ],\n [\n -122.00802464543025,\n 45.381106438803016\n ],\n [\n -122.13986058293018,\n 45.3791772401552\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"235","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":857330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fehn, Udo","contributorId":190256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fehn","given":"Udo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Glen T.","contributorId":299211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176072,"text":"70176072 - 2005 - Genetics of Central Valley, O. mykiss, populations: Drainage and watershed scale analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-02T14:47:38.276655","indexId":"70176072","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetics of Central Valley, O. mykiss, populations: Drainage and watershed scale analyses","title":"Genetics of Central Valley, O. mykiss, populations: Drainage and watershed scale analyses","docAbstract":"Genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci described population genetic structure for Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Central Valley, California. Spatial and temporal variation was examined as well as relationships between hatchery and putative natural spawning anadromous stocks. Genetic diversity was analyzed at two distinct spatial scales: fine-scale within drainage for five populations on Clear Creek; between and among drainage diversity for 23 populations. Significant regional spatial structure was apparent, both within Clear Creek and among rainbow trout populations throughout the Central Valley. Significant differences in allelic frequencies were found among most river or drainage systems. Less than 1% of the molecular variance could be attributed to differences found between drainages. Hatchery populations were shown to carry similar genetic diversity to geographically proximate wild populations. Central Valley M = 0.626 (below the M < 0.68 threshold) supported recent population reductions within the Central Valley. However, average estimated effective population size was relatively high (Ne = 5066). Significant allelic differences were found in rainbow trout collected above and below impassable dams on the American, Yuba, Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers. Rainbow trout sampled in Spring Creek were extremely bottlenecked with allelic variation at only two loci and an estimated effective population size of 62, suggesting some local freshwater O. mykiss stocks may be declining rapidly. These data support significant genetic population structure for steelhead and rainbow trout populations within the Central Valley across multiple scales. Careful consideration of this genetic diversity and its distribution across the landscape should be part of future conservation and restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2005v3iss2art3","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., Pavey, S.A., Wiacek, T., and Williams, I.S., 2005, Genetics of Central Valley, O. mykiss, populations: Drainage and watershed scale analyses: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 3, no. 2, 3, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2005v3iss2art3.","productDescription":"3, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2005v3iss2art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -123.1,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -123.1,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af98e4b0f2f0cebe4f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavey, Scott A.","contributorId":31516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiacek, Talia","contributorId":174037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiacek","given":"Talia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Ian S.","contributorId":77439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176132,"text":"70176132 - 2005 - Commentary: selenium study on endangered razorback sucker is flawed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T14:49:54","indexId":"70176132","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Commentary: selenium study on endangered razorback sucker is flawed","docAbstract":"The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) is listed as federally endangered throughout its range. A massive recovery effort by the Recovery Implementation Program for Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin has focused its efforts in the upper Colorado River. The upper Colorado River basin also has two locations that have been identified by the National Irrigation Water Quality Program as having substantial selenium contamination. Selenium is toxic to fishes, affecting reproductive success. Thus, there is concern about potential effects of selenium on the endangered razorback sucker. Two sets of studies have investigated the effects of selenium on razorback suckers, but study results are conflicting. This commentary evaluates studies that claim selenium is not a problem for razorback sucker. We find that study bias was so pervasive that purported conclusions were unwarranted. Contaminated control water, older life stages of fish tested, lack of methodology for analysis of selenium in water, diet, or fish, use of rotifer food, low feeding rates, low growth rates of fish, and improper storage of site waters resulted in an apparent erroneous linkage of high selenium in whole-body residues with no adverse effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.11.010","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., 2005, Commentary: selenium study on endangered razorback sucker is flawed: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 61, no. 3, p. 313-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.11.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c55cb0e4b0f2f0cebcf244","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179763,"text":"70179763 - 2005 - Turbulence investigation and reproduction for assisting downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, Part II of II: Effects of induced turbulence on behavior of juvenile salmon, 2001-2005 final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T13:04:49","indexId":"70179763","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Turbulence investigation and reproduction for assisting downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, Part II of II: Effects of induced turbulence on behavior of juvenile salmon, 2001-2005 final report","docAbstract":"Passage through dams is a major source of mortality of anadromous juvenile salmonids because some populations must negotiate up to eight dams in Columbia and Snake rivers. Dams cause direct mortality when fish pass through turbines, but dams may also cause indirect mortality by altering migration conditions in rivers. Forebays immediately upstream of dams have decreased the water velocity of rivers and may contribute substantially to the total migration delay of juvenile salmonids. Recently, Coutant (2001a) suggested that in addition to low water velocities, lack of natural turbulence may contribute to migration delay by causing fish to lose directional cues. Coutant (2001a) further hypothesized that restoring turbulence in dam forebays may reduce migration delay by providing directional cues that allow fish to find passage routes more quickly (Coutant 2001a). Although field experiments have yielded proof of the concept of using induced turbulence to guide fish to safe passage routes, little is known about mechanisms actually causing behavioral changes. To test hypotheses about how turbulence influences movement and behavior of migrating juvenile salmonids, we conducted two types of controlled experiments at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington. A common measure of migration delay is the elapsed time between arrival at, and passage through, a dam. Therefore, for the first set of experiments, we tested the effect of induced turbulence on the elapsed time needed for fish to traverse through a raceway and pass over a weir at its downstream end (time trial experiment). If turbulence helps guide fish to passage routes, then fish should pass through the raceway quicker in the presence of appropriately scaled and directed turbulent cues. Second, little is known about how the physical properties of water movement provide directional cues to migrating juvenile salmonids. To examine the feasibility of guiding fish with turbulence, we tested whether directed turbulence could guide fish into one of two channels in the raceway, and subsequently cause them to pass disproportionately over the weir where turbulent cues were aimed (guidance experiment). Last, we measured and mapped water velocity and turbulence during the experiments to understand water movement patterns and the spatial distribution of turbulence in the raceways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/901270","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Farley, M., Hansen, G., Morse, J., and Rondorf, D., 2005, Turbulence investigation and reproduction for assisting downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, Part II of II: Effects of induced turbulence on behavior of juvenile salmon, 2001-2005 final report, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.2172/901270.","productDescription":"61 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/901270","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3dbae4b0d96de2564567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.","contributorId":178345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, M.","contributorId":178347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morse, J.","contributorId":178348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.","contributorId":178346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70793,"text":"sir20055089 - 2005 - Simulation of ground-water flow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida-predevelopment, 1980, and 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:28:50","indexId":"sir20055089","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5089","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida-predevelopment, 1980, and 2000","docAbstract":"A digital model was developed to simulate steady-state ground-water flow in a 42,155-square-mile area of coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida. The model was developed to (1) understand and refine the conceptual model of regional ground-water flow, (2) serve as a framework for the development of digital subregional ground-water flow and solute-transport models, and (3) serve as a tool for future evaluations of hypothetical pumping scenarios used to facilitate water management in the coastal area.\r\n\r\nSingle-density ground-water flow was simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference code MODFLOW-2000 for mean-annual conditions during predevelopment (pre?1900) and the years 1980 and 2000. The model comprises seven layers: the surficial aquifer system, the Brunswick aquifer system, the Upper Floridan aquifer, the Lower Floridan aquifer, and the intervening confining units. A combination of boundary conditions was applied, including a general-head boundary condition on the top active cells of the model and a time-variable fixed-head boundary condition along part of the southern lateral boundary.\r\n\r\nSimulated heads for 1980 and 2000 conditions indicate a good match to observed values, based on a plus-or-minus 10-foot (ft) calibration target and calibration statistics. The root-mean square of residual water levels for the Upper Floridan aquifer was 13.0 ft for the 1980 calibration and 9.94 ft for the 2000 calibration. Some spatial patterns of residuals were indicated for the 1980 and 2000 simulations, and are likely a result of model-grid cell size and insufficiently detailed hydraulic-property and pumpage data in some areas. Simulated potentiometric surfaces for predevelopment, 1980, and 2000 conditions all show major flow system features that are indicated by estimated peotentiometric maps.\r\n\r\nDuring 1980?2000, simulated water levels at the centers of pumping at Savannah and Brunswick rose more than 20 ft and 8 ft, respectively, in response to decreased pumping. Simulated drawdown exceeded 10 ft in the Upper Floridan aquifer across much of the western half of the model area, with drawdown exceeding 20 ft along parts of the western, northern, and southern boundaries where irrigation pumping increased during this period.\r\n\r\nFrom predevelopment to 2000 conditions, the simulated water budget showed an increase in inflow from, and decrease in outflow to, the general-head boundaries, and a reversal from net seaward flow to net landward flow across the coastline. Simulated changes in recharge and discharge distribution from predevelopment to 2000 conditions showed an increase in extent and magnitude of net recharge cells in the northern part of the model area, and a decrease in discharge or change to recharge in cells containing major streams and beneath major pumping centers.\r\n\r\nThe model is relatively sensitive to pumping and the controlling head at the fixed-head boundary and less sensitive to the distribution of aquifer properties in general. Model limitations include: (1) its spatial scale and discretization, (2) the extent to which data are available to physically define the flow system, (3) the type of boundary conditions and controlling parameters used, (4) uncertainty in the distribution of pumping, and (5) uncertainty in field-scale hydraulic properties. The model could be improved with more accurate estimates of ground-water pumpage and better characterization of recharge and discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055089","usgsCitation":"Payne, D.F., Rumman, M.A., and Clarke, J.S., 2005, Simulation of ground-water flow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida-predevelopment, 1980, and 2000 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5089, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055089.","productDescription":"92 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Dorothy F.","contributorId":88825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumman, Malek Abu","contributorId":82399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumman","given":"Malek","email":"","middleInitial":"Abu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70794,"text":"ofr20051080 - 2005 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona — 2003–04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:27:16.706452","indexId":"ofr20051080","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1080","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona — 2003–04","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.\r\n\r\nThe monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, (5) ground-water chemistry, and (6) periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal meters.\r\n\r\nIn 2003, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,240 acre-feet, industrial withdrawals were 4,450 acre-feet, and municipal withdrawals were 2,790 acre-feet. From 2002 to 2003, total withdrawals decreased by 10 percent, industrial withdrawals decreased by 4 percent, and municipal withdrawals decreased by 20 percent. Flowmeter testing was completed for 24 municipal wells in 2004. The median difference between pumping rates for the permanent meter and a test meter for all the sites tested was -2.9 percent. Values ranged from -10.9 percent at Forest Lake NTUA 1 to +7.8 percent at Rough Rock NTUA 2. From 2003 to 2004, water levels declined in 6 of 12 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.1 foot. Water levels declined in 7 of 11 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -2.7 feet.\r\n\r\nFrom the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2003, the median water-level change for 26 wells was -23.2 feet. Median water-level change were -6.1 feet for 14 wells in the unconfined parts of the aquifer and and -72.1 feet for 12 wells in the confined part.\r\n\r\nDischarges were measured once in 2003 and once in 2004 at four springs. Discharge stayed the same at Pasture Canyon Spring, increased 9 percent at Moenkopi Spring, decreased 26 percent at an unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and decreased 50 percent at Burro Spring. For the past 12 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend is not apparent.\r\n\r\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2003 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2003 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2003 at Dinnebito Wash, and 1994 to 2003 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since the first continuous record of surface-water discharge in 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek.\r\n\r\nIn 2004, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 100 to 649 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 11 of the wells and from all the springs had less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are no appreciable time trends in the chemistry of water samples from 7 wells and 2 springs; increasing trends in dissolved-solids and chloride concentrations were evident from the more than 10 years of data for 2 springs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051080","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., Macy, J.P., and Porter, T.J., 2005, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona — 2003–04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1080, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051080.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72310.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -109.5833,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -109.5833,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 35.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69837f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Thomas J.","contributorId":89607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70787,"text":"ofr20051201 - 2005 - Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"ofr20051201","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1201","title":"Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2000","docAbstract":"Water-use data were compiled for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for 2000. Five offstream categories were considered: public-supply water withdrawals, domestic self-supplied water use, industrial self-supplied withdrawals, crop irrigation water use, and thermoelectric power fresh water use. Two additional categories also were considered: power generation instream use and public wastewater treatment return-flows. Fresh water withdrawals for offstream use from surface- and ground-water sources in Puerto Rico were estimated at 617 million gallons per day. The largest amount of fresh water withdrawn was by public-supply water facilities and was estimated at 540 million gallons per day. Fresh surface- and ground-water withdrawals by domestic self-supplied users was estimated at 2 million gallons per day and the industrial self-supplied withdrawals were estimated at 9.5 million gallons per day. Withdrawals for crop irrigation purposes were estimated at 64 million gallons per day, or approximately 10 percent of all offstream fresh water withdrawals. Saline instream surface-water withdrawals for cooling purposes by thermoelectric power facilities was estimated at 2,191 million gallons per day, and instream fresh water withdrawals by hydroelectric facilities at 171 million gallons per day. Total discharge from public wastewater treatment facilities was estimated at 211 million gallons per day.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051201","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 2005, Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1201, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051201.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr20051201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Rivera, Wanda L. 0000-0001-5856-283X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-283X","contributorId":54190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina-Rivera","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70788,"text":"wdrIN041 - 2005 - Water resources data Indiana water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"wdrIN041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-04-1","title":"Water resources data Indiana water year 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN041","usgsCitation":"Morlock, S.E., Nguyen, H.T., and Majors, D.K., 2005, Water resources data Indiana water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-04-1, 523 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN041.","productDescription":"523 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-in-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nguyen, Hieu T.","contributorId":97179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Hieu","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Majors, Deborah K.","contributorId":91925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majors","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70781,"text":"sir20055101 - 2005 - Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:10:38","indexId":"sir20055101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5101","title":"Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","docAbstract":"Red Mountain Creek, an acid mine drainage stream in southwestern Colorado, was the subject of a synoptic study conducted in August 2002. During the synoptic study, a solution containing lithium chloride was injected continuously to allow for the calculation of streamflow using the tracer-dilution method. Synoptic water-quality samples were collected from 48 stream sites and 29 inflow locations along a 5.4-kilometer study reach. Data from the study provide profiles of pH, concentration, and mass load with a high degree of spatial resolution. Despite the presence of 10 circumneutral inflows, pH remained below 3.4 at all stream sites. Concentration profiles indicate that dissolved concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc exceed chronic aquatic-life standards established by the State of Colorado along the entire study reach. Comparison of total recoverable and dissolved concentrations suggests that most constituents were transported conservatively. Exceptions to this pattern include arsenic, iron, molybdenum, and vanadium, four constituents that were subject to precipitation and(or) sorption reactions as the addition of a circumneutral tributary resulted in a slight increase in instream pH. Evaluation of data from the 29 inflow locations indicates a sharp contrast between the east and west sides of the watershed; inflows from the east side have high constituent concentrations and acidic pH, whereas inflows from the west side have lower concentrations and generally higher pH. Loading profiles, the product of streamflow and concentration, are used to rank potential sources of metals and acidity within the watershed. Four sources account for 83, 72, 70, 69, 64, and 61 percent of the aluminum, iron, arsenic, zinc, copper, and cadmium loading within the study reach, respectively. All four sources appear to be the result of surface inflows that have been affected by mining activities. The relatively small number of major sources and the fact that they are attributable to surface inflows are two factors that may facilitate effective remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055101","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P.L., 2005, Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5101, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055101.","productDescription":"86 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -107.64232635498047,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -107.64232635498047,\n 37.98398664126368\n ],\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.98398664126368\n ],\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.913867495923746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70778,"text":"sir20055023 - 2005 - Sensitivity of alpine and subalpine lakes to acidification from atmospheric deposition in Grand Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20055023","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5023","title":"Sensitivity of alpine and subalpine lakes to acidification from atmospheric deposition in Grand Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of 400 lakes in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks to acidification from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur was estimated based on statistical relations between acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations and basin characteristics to aid in the design of a long-term monitoring plan for Outstanding Natural Resource Waters. Acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations that were measured at 52 lakes in Grand Teton and 23 lakes in Yellowstone during synoptic surveys were used to calibrate the statistical models. Three acid-neutralizing capacity concentration bins (bins) were selected that are within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criteria of sensitive to acidification; less than 50 microequivalents per liter (?eq/L) (0-50), less than 100 ?eq/L (0-100), and less than 200 ?eq/L (0-200). The development of discrete bins enables resource managers to have the ability to change criteria based on the focus of their study. Basin-characteristic information was derived from Geographic Information System data sets. The explanatory variables that were considered included bedrock type, basin slope, basin aspect, basin elevation, lake area, basin area, inorganic nitrogen deposition, sulfate deposition, hydrogen ion deposition, basin precipitation, soil type, and vegetation type. A logistic regression model was developed and applied to lake basins greater than 1 hectare in Grand Teton (n = 106) and Yellowstone (n = 294).\r\n\r\nA higher percentage of lakes in Grand Teton than in Yellowstone were predicted to be sensitive to atmospheric deposition in all three bins. For Grand Teton, 7 percent of lakes had a greater than 60-percent probability of having acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations in the 0-50 bin, 36 percent of lakes had a greater than 60-percent probability of having acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations in the 0-100 bin, and 59 percent of lakes had a greater than 60-percent probability of having acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations in the 0-200 bin. The elevation of the lake outlet and the area of the basin with northeast aspects were determined to be statistically significant and were used as the explanatory variables in the multivariate logistic regression model for the 0-100 bin. For Yellowstone, results indicated that 13 percent of lakes had a greater than 60-percent probability of having acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations in the 0-100 bin, and 27 percent of lakes had a greater than 60-percent probability of having acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations in the 0-200 bin. Only the elevation of the lake outlet was determined to be statistically significant and was used as the explanatory variable for the 0-100 bin.\r\n\r\nThe lakes that exceeded 60-percent probability of having an acid-neutralizing capacity concentration in the 0-100 bin, and therefore had the greatest sensitivity to acidification from atmospheric deposition, are located at elevations greater than 2,790 meters in Grand Teton, and greater than 2,590 meters in Yellowstone.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055023","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Campbell, D.H., and Williams, M.W., 2005, Sensitivity of alpine and subalpine lakes to acidification from atmospheric deposition in Grand Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5023, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055023.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5023.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70777,"text":"sir20055067 - 2005 - Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T13:46:02.592782","indexId":"sir20055067","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5067","title":"Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia","docAbstract":"A steady-state ground-water flow model of the southern watersheds of Virginia Beach, Virginia, was refined and used to simulate changes in aquifer water levels caused by potential changes in pumping in the Transition Area of Virginia Beach, Va., a 20-square mile planning zone that runs through the middle of the city. Cessation of dewatering at borrow pits, pumping to irrigate a golf course, pumping to irrigate lawns of a hypothetical neighborhood, and pumping to irrigate both the golf course and lawns of the hypothetical neighborhood were simulated.\r\n\r\nSimulated recoveries from cessation of dewatering of borrow pits were generally restricted to the immediate area of the pits. The simulated recoveries averaged about 20 feet (ft) near the center of the cells representing the active areas of the pits and 2 ft at the cells representing the extent of the pits.\r\n\r\nAt a golf course, 4 hypothetical wells pumping 300,000 gallons per day (gal/d) from the Yorktown sand aquifer resulted in drawdowns averaging 10 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 1.2 miles (mi) from the center of the pumping cells. The extent of the 1-ft drawdown was virtually the same as that simulated previously and reported in a permit application for the golf course.\r\n\r\nSimulated pumping of 150,000 gal/d from 4 cells in the confined sand aquifer representing a 40-acre neighborhood resulted in drawdowns averaging 7 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 0.8 mi from the center of the cells. Simulated pumping of 300,000 gal/d from the same 4 cells resulted in drawdowns averaging 15 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 1.4 mi from the center of the cells.\r\n\r\nSimulated pumping of 150,000 gal/d at the golf course and another 150,000 gal/d in the hypothetical neighborhood resulted in drawdowns that averaged 5 ft around the cells representing the golf course wells spaced 1,300 ft apart and 7 ft around the contiguous cells representing the 40-acre neighborhood. A drawdown of 1 ft encompassed most of the eastern half of the Transition Area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055067","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.S., 2005, Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5067, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055067.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72163.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Virginia Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.20048522949219,\n 36.78234211862812\n ],\n [\n -75.98762512207031,\n 36.78234211862812\n ],\n [\n -75.98762512207031,\n 36.915313280602795\n ],\n [\n -76.20048522949219,\n 36.915313280602795\n ],\n [\n -76.20048522949219,\n 36.78234211862812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b1e4b07f02db5c929d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Barry S.","contributorId":21532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70760,"text":"cir1275 - 2005 - Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-15T12:25:03.845543","indexId":"cir1275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1275","title":"Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000","docAbstract":"Southeastern Florida is an area that has been subject to widely conflicting\r\nanthropogenic stress to the Everglades and coastal ecosystems. This stress is a direct\r\nconsequence of the 20th century economic competition for limited land and water\r\nresources needed to satisfy agricultural development and its expansion, its displacement\r\nby burgeoning urban development, and the accompanying growth of the limestone\r\nmining industry. The development of a highly controlled water-management\r\nsystem designed to reclaim land for urban and agricultural development has severely\r\nimpacted the extent, character, and vitality of the historic Everglades and coastal\r\necosystems. An extensive conveyance system of canals, levees, impoundments, surface-\r\nwater control structures, and numerous municipal well fields are used to sustain\r\nthe present-day Everglades hydrologic system, prevent overland flow from moving\r\neastward and flooding urban and agricultural areas, maintain water levels to prevent\r\nsaltwater intrusion, and provide an adequate water supply. Extractive mining activities\r\nexpanded considerably in the latter part of the 20th century, largely in response to\r\nurban construction needs.\r\nMuch of the present-day urban-agricultural corridor of southeastern Florida lies\r\nwithin an area that is no more than 15 feet above NGVD 1929 and formerly characterized\r\nby freshwater marsh, upland, and saline coastal wetland ecosystems. Miami-\r\nDade, Broward, and Palm Beach Counties have experienced explosive population\r\ngrowth, increasing from less than 4,000 inhabitants in 1900 to more than 5 million\r\nin 2000. Ground-water use, the principal source of municipal supply, has increased\r\nfrom about 65 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) obtained from 3 well fields in 1930\r\nto more than 770 Mgal/d obtained from 65 well fields in 1995. Water use for\r\nagricultural supply increased from 505 Mgal/d in 1953 to nearly 1,150 Mgal/d in\r\n1988, but has since declined to 764 Mgal/d in 1995, partly as a result of displacement\r\nof the agricultural industry by urban growth. Present-day agricultural supplies are\r\nobtained largely from surface-water sources in Palm Beach County and ground-water\r\nsources in Miami-Dade County, whereas Broward County agricultural growers have\r\nbeen largely displaced.\r\nThe construction of a complex canal drainage system and large well fields has\r\nsubstantially altered the surface- and ground-water hydrologic systems. The drainage\r\nsystem constructed between 1910 and 1928 mostly failed to transport flood\r\nflows, however, and exacerbated periods of low rainfall and drought by overdraining\r\nthe surficial aquifer system. Following completion of the 1930s Hoover Dike\r\nlevee system that was designed to reduce Lake Okeechobee flood flows, the Central\r\nand Southern Florida Flood Control Project initiated the restructure of the existing\r\nconveyance system in 1948 through canal expansion, construction of protective\r\nlevees and control structures, and greater management of ground-water levels in the\r\nsurficial aquifer system.\r\nGated canal control structures discharge excess surface water during the wet\r\nseason and remain closed during the dry season to induce recharge by canal seepage\r\nand well withdrawals. Management of surface water through canal systems has successfully\r\nmaintained lower ground-water levels inland to curb urban and agricultural\r\nflooding, and has been used to increase ground-water levels near the coast to impede\r\nsaltwater intrusion. Coastal discharge, however, appears to have declined, due in part\r\nto water being rerouted to secondary canals, and to induced recharge to the surficial\r\naquifer system by large municipal withdrawals. Southeastern Florida is underlain by Holocene- to Tertiary-age karstic limestone\r\ndeposits that form (in descending order): a highly prolific surficial aquifer system, a\r\npoorly permeable intermediate confining system, and a permeable Floridan aquifer\r\nsystem. Prior to construction of a complex drainage netwo","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1275","isbn":"0607962863","usgsCitation":"Renken, R.A., Dixon, J., Koehmstedt, J.A., Ishman, S., Lietz, A., Marella, R.L., Telis, P.A., Rodgers, J., and Memberg, S., 2005, Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1275, ix, 77 p. :, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1275.","productDescription":"ix, 77 p. :","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":387725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1275//pdf/cir1275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1275"},{"id":192663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.606689453125,\n 25.105497373014686\n ],\n [\n -79.530029296875,\n 25.105497373014686\n ],\n [\n -79.530029296875,\n 27.088473156555896\n ],\n [\n -80.606689453125,\n 27.088473156555896\n ],\n [\n -80.606689453125,\n 25.105497373014686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314