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This is believed to reduce illegal and undesired hen harvest and possibly nest abandonment, while maintaining hunter satisfaction of hearing male turkeys when most hens are incubating eggs. However, Pennsylvania’s spring season structure was established in 1968. Given earlier spring phenology, and potentially more variation in spring weather due to climate change, there is concern that timing of nest incubation for turkeys in Pennsylvania could be changing. Therefore, our objective was to determine if nest incubation and opening of spring turkey hunting in Pennsylvania have continued to coincide. We attached satellite transmitters to 254 female turkeys during 2010–2014 and estimated median incubation initiation date to be 2 May, which was 2 days earlier than median date during a statewide study during 1953–1963 and 9 days earlier than during a smaller scale study in south–central Pennsylvania during 2000–2001. However, incubation initiation varied greatly among years and individual hens during all 3 studies. During 4 of 5 years of our study, Pennsylvania’s spring season opened 3 to 8 days prior to median date of incubation initiation. Over the 5 years, estimated initiation of incubation for first nesting attempts, measured from earliest date of incubation initiation to latest, was &gt;2 months and maximum proportion of hens beginning incubation at any one time differed by several days to &gt;1 week. Consequently, in years of late incubation, a constant season opening date set near the long-term median date of incubation initiation exposes few additional hens to risk and hunter satisfaction is likely maintained at greater levels than would be seen with a more conservative approach of opening the season later. Long-term and large scale studies using GPS transmitters that provide precise determination of incubation initiation will be useful to study environmental influences on initiation of incubation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Wild Turkey Symposium","conferenceTitle":"11th National Wild Turkey Symposium","conferenceDate":"January 5-7, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Casalena, M.J., Everett, R., Vreeland, W.C., Gregg, I.D., and Diefenbach, D.R., 2016, Timing of spring wild turkey hunting in relation to nest incubation, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the National Wild Turkey Symposium, v. 11, Tucson, Arizona, January 5-7, 2016, p. 237-247.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"247","ipdsId":"IP-064331","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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C.","contributorId":171658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vreeland","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregg, Ian D.","contributorId":200195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregg","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":26925,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193722,"text":"70193722 - 2016 - A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform-correlation-derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:27:11","indexId":"70193722","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform-correlation-derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"<p>In microseismicity analyses, reliable focal mechanisms can typically be obtained for only a small subset of located events. We address this limitation here, presenting a framework for determining robust focal mechanisms for entire populations of very small events. To achieve this, we resolve relative <i>P</i> and <i>S</i> wave polarities between pairs of waveforms by using their signed correlation coefficients—a by-product of previously performed precise earthquake relocation. We then use cluster analysis to group events with similar patterns of polarities across the network. Finally, we apply a standard mechanism inversion to the grouped data, using either catalog or correlation-derived <i>P</i> wave polarity data sets. This approach has great potential for enhancing analyses of spatially concentrated microseismicity such as earthquake swarms, mainshock-aftershock sequences, and industrial reservoir stimulation or injection-induced seismic sequences. To demonstrate its utility, we apply this technique to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm. In our analysis, 85% of the events (7212 out of 8494 located by <i>Shelly et al</i>. [2016]) fall within five well-constrained mechanism clusters, more than 12 times the number with network-determined mechanisms. Of the earthquakes we characterize, 3023 (42%) have magnitudes smaller than 0.0. We find that mechanism variations are strongly associated with corresponding hypocentral structure, yet mechanism heterogeneity also occurs where it cannot be resolved by hypocentral patterns, often confined to small-magnitude events. Small (5–20°) rotations between mechanism orientations and earthquake location trends persist when we apply 3-D velocity models and might reflect a geometry of en echelon, interlinked shear, and dilational faulting.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013437","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Hardebeck, J.L., Ellsworth, W.L., and Hill, D.P., 2016, A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform-correlation-derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 12, p. 8622-8641, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013437.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"8622","endPage":"8641","ipdsId":"IP-078358","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","volume":"121","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb4e4b0531197b573c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193725,"text":"70193725 - 2016 - Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:15:12","indexId":"70193725","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano","docAbstract":"<p>Lava lakes provide a rare window into magmatic behavior, and lake surface motion has been used to infer deeper properties of the magmatic system. At Halema'uma'u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, multidisciplinary observations for the past several years indicate that lava lake surface motion can be broadly divided into two regimes: 1) stable and 2) unstable. Stable behavior is driven by lava upwelling from deeper in the lake (presumably directly from the conduit) and is an intrinsic process that drives lava lake surface motion most of the time. This stable behavior can be interrupted by periods of unstable flow (often reversals) driven by spattering – a shallowly-rooted process often extrinsically triggered by small rockfalls from the crater wall. The bursting bubbles at spatter sources create void spaces and a localized surface depression which draws and consumes surrounding surface crust. Spattering is therefore a location of lava downwelling, not upwelling. Stable (i.e. deep, upwelling-driven) and unstable (i.e. shallow, spattering-driven) behavior often alternate through time, have characteristic surface velocities, flow directions and surface temperature regimes, and also correspond to changes in spattering intensity, outgassing rates, lava level and seismic tremor. These results highlight that several processes, originating at different depths, can control the motion of the lava lake surface, and long-term interdisciplinary monitoring is required to separate these influences. These observations indicate that lake surface motion is not always a reliable proxy for deeper lake or magmatic processes. From these observations, we suggest that shallow outgassing (spattering), not lake convection, drives the variations in lake motion reported at Erta 'Ale lava lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Swanson, D., and Lev, E., 2016, Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 328, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","ipdsId":"IP-070597","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Halema`uma`u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3070259094238,\n              19.38224724763325\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.22977828979492,\n              19.38224724763325\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.22977828979492,\n              19.446198036283963\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3070259094238,\n              19.446198036283963\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3070259094238,\n              19.38224724763325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"328","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb4e4b0531197b573c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lev, Einat 0000-0002-8174-0558","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0558","contributorId":194355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lev","given":"Einat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70181776,"text":"70181776 - 2016 - Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T11:04:50","indexId":"70181776","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restoration efforts can be improved by understanding how variations in life-history traits occur within populations of the same species living in different environments. This can be done by first understanding the demographic responses of natural occurring populations. Population viability analysis continues to be useful to species management and conservation with sensitivity analysis aiding in the understanding of population dynamics. In this study, using life-table response experiments and elasticity analyses, we investigated how population-specific life-history demographic responses contributed to the metapopulation viability of the Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (</span><i>Cirsium pitcheri</i><span>). Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) Subpopulations occupying different environments within a metapopulation have independent demographic responses and (2) advancing succession results in a shift from a demographic response focused on growth and fecundity to one dominated by stasis. Our results showed that reintroductions had a positive contribution to the metapopulation growth rate as compared to native populations which had a negative contribution. We found no difference in succession on the contribution to metapopulation viability. In addition, we identified distinct population-specific contributions to metapopulation viability and were able to associate specific life-history demographic responses. For example, the positive impact of Miller High Dunes population on the metapopulation growth rate resulted from high growth contributions, whereas increased time of plant in stasis for the State Park Big Blowout population resulted in negative contributions. A greater understanding of how separate populations respond in their corresponding environment may ultimately lead to more effective management strategies aimed at reducing extinction risk. We propose the continued use of sensitivity analyses to evaluate population-specific demographic influences on metapopulation viability. In understanding the underlying causes of the projected extinction probabilities of each population and identifying broad-scale contributions of different populations to the metapopulation, the process of pinpointing target populations is simplified. More detailed analyses can then be applied to the target populations to increase population viability and consequently metapopulation viability. Based on our research, we suggest that the best approach to improve the overall metapopulation viability is to manage the contributions to population growth for each population separately.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1536","usgsCitation":"Halsey, S.J., Bell, T.J., McEachern, K., and Pavlovic, N.B., 2016, Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1536.","productDescription":"e01536; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-073189","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1536","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4252fe4b0c825128ad404","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1536","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1536","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Halsey Samniqueka J., Bell Timothy J., McEachern Kathryn, Pavlovic Noel B.","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"11/2016","auditedOn":"11/15/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halsey, Samniqueka J.","contributorId":181523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halsey","given":"Samniqueka","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Timothy J.","contributorId":181524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":668487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182518,"text":"70182518 - 2016 - Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T11:49:17","indexId":"70182518","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (<i>Corvus monedula</i>) in a human-dominated environment","title":"Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Animals occupying human-dominated environments show the capacity for behavioral flexibility. Corvids are among the most intelligent synanthropic bird species. During a layover at Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, I photographically documented Eurasian Jackdaws (</span><i><i>Corvus monedula</i>)</i><span> perching upside down from a building cornice. In contrast to other reports of hanging birds, these jackdaws did not forage or play while upside down and appeared to use the perching spot to observe their surroundings. Although Corvids and Psittacines are known to hang upside down, especially in captive situations, such behaviors are rarely documented in the wild, and never before in association with human-built structures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/15-211.1","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., 2016, Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 128, no. 4, p. 926-930, https://doi.org/10.1676/15-211.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"930","ipdsId":"IP-071449","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, Todd E.","contributorId":18893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189109,"text":"70189109 - 2016 - Controls on the geochemical evolution of Prairie Pothole Region lakes and wetlands over decadal time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T14:19:40.468025","indexId":"70189109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on the geochemical evolution of Prairie Pothole Region lakes and wetlands over decadal time scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>One hundred sixty-seven Prairie Pothole lakes, ponds and wetlands (largely lakes) previously analyzed chemically during the late 1960’s and early to mid-1970’s were resampled and reanalyzed in 2011–2012. The two sampling periods differed climatically. The earlier sampling took place during normal to slightly dry conditions, whereas the latter occurred during and immediately following exceptionally wet conditions. As reported previously in Mushet et al. (</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">2015</span><span>), the dominant effect was expansion of the area of these lakes and dilution of their major ions. However, within that context, there were significant differences in the evolutionary pathways of major ions. To establish these pathways, we employed the inverse modeling computer code NetpathXL. This code takes the initial and final lake composition and, using mass balance constrained by the composition of diluting waters, and input and output of phases, calculates plausible geochemical evolution pathways. Despite the fact that in most cases major ions decreased, a subset of the lakes had an increase in SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>. This distinction is significant because SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the dominant anion in a majority of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands and lakes. For lakes with decreasing SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>, the proportion of original lake water required for mass balance was subordinate to rainwater and/or overland flow. In contrast, lakes with increasing SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>between the two sampling episodes tended to be dominated by original lake water. This suite of lakes tended to be smaller and have lower initial SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>concentrations such that inputs of sulfur from dissolution of the minerals gypsum or pyrite had a significant impact on the final sulfur concentration given the lower dilution factors. Thus, our study provides context for how Prairie Pothole Region water bodies evolve geochemically as climate changes. Because wetland geochemistry in turn controls the ecology of these water bodies, this research contributes to the prediction of the impact of climate change on this important complex of ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0854-4","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., Mills, C., Mushet, D.M., McCleskey, R.B., and Rover, J., 2016, Controls on the geochemical evolution of Prairie Pothole Region lakes and wetlands over decadal time scales: Wetlands, v. 36, no. Supplement 2, p. 255-272, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0854-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-073854","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"Supplement 2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611b4e4b0d1f9f050675d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Christopher T. 0000-0001-8414-1414 cmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-1414","contributorId":150137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Christopher T.","email":"cmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":702915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":192333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":702918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186295,"text":"70186295 - 2016 - Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T12:02:29","indexId":"70186295","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>High-latitude ecosystems are experiencing the most rapid climate changes globally, and in many areas these changes are concurrent with shifts in patterns of herbivory. Individually, climate and herbivory are known to influence biosphere-atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange; however, the interactive effects of climate and herbivory in driving GHG fluxes have been poorly quantified, especially in coastal systems that support large populations of migratory waterfowl. We investigated the magnitude and the climatic and physical controls of GHG exchange within the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska across four distinct vegetation communities formed by herbivory and local microtopography. Net CO<sub>2</sub> flux was greatest in the ungrazed <i>Carex</i> meadow community (3.97 ± 0.58 [SE] µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), but CH<sub>4</sub> flux was greatest in the grazed community (14.00 ± 6.56 nmol CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The grazed community is also the only vegetation type where CH<sub>4</sub> was a larger contributor than CO<sub>2</sub> to overall GHG forcing. We found that vegetation community was an important predictor of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange, demonstrating that variation in regional gas exchange is best explained when the effect of grazing, determined by the difference between grazed and ungrazed communities, is included. Further, we identified an interaction between temperature and vegetation community, indicating that grazed regions could experience the greatest increases in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions with warming. These results suggest that future GHG fluxes could be influenced by both climate and by changes in herbivore population dynamics that expand or contract the vegetation community most responsive to future temperature change.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JG003546","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, K., Leffler, A., Beard, K., Schmutz, J.A., Choi, R., and Welker, J., 2016, Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 121, no. 12, p. 2960-2975, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003546.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2960","endPage":"2975","ipdsId":"IP-075783","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wild_facpub/2481","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.71365356445312,\n              61.06426586835526\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.3167724609375,\n              61.06426586835526\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.3167724609375,\n              61.26759222961979\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.71365356445312,\n              61.26759222961979\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.71365356445312,\n              61.06426586835526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, K.C.","contributorId":190356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leffler, A.J.","contributorId":190357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leffler","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, K.H.","contributorId":190358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beard","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choi, R.T.","contributorId":190359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":190360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70186173,"text":"70186173 - 2016 - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) subsidize gray wolves (Canis lupus) during a moose (Alces americanus) decline: A case of apparent competition?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:15:38","indexId":"70186173","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) subsidize gray wolves (Canis lupus) during a moose (Alces americanus) decline: A case of apparent competition?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Moose (</span><i>Alces americanus</i><span>) in northeastern Minnesota have declined by 55% since 2006. Although the cause is unresolved, some studies have suggested that Gray Wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) contributed to the decline. After the Moose decline, wolves could either decline or switch prey. To determine which occurred in our study area, we compared winter wolf counts and summer diet before and after the Moose decline. While wolf numbers in our study area nearly doubled from 23 in winter 2002 to an average of 41 during winters 2011–2013, calf:cow ratios (the number of calves per cow observed during winter surveys) in the wider Moose range more than halved from 0.93 in 2002 to an average of 0.31 during 2011–2013. Compared to summer 2002, wolves in summers 2011–2013 consumed fewer Moose and more White-tailed Deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>). While deer densities were similar during each period, average vulnerability, as reflected by winter severity, was greater during 2011–2013 than 2002, probably explaining the wolf increase. During the wolf increase Moose calves remained a summer food item. These findings suggest that in part of the Moose range, deer subsidized wolf numbers while wolves also preyed on Moose calves. This contributed to a Moose decline and is a possible case of apparent competition and inverse-density-dependent predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1924","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., and Mech, L.D., 2016, White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) subsidize gray wolves (Canis lupus) during a moose (Alces americanus) decline: A case of apparent competition?: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 130, no. 4, p. 308-314, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1924.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-074112","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1924","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194fe4b02ff32c699ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":173861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180251,"text":"70180251 - 2016 - Climate change and the Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:10:50","indexId":"70180251","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and the Delta","docAbstract":"<p>Anthropogenic climate change amounts to a rapidly approaching, “new” stressor in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta system. In response to California’s extreme natural hydroclimatic variability, complex water-management systems have been developed, even as the Delta’s natural ecosystems have been largely devastated. Climate change is projected to challenge these management and ecological systems in different ways that are characterized by different levels of uncertainty. For example, there is high certainty that climate will warm by about 2°C more (than late-20th-century averages) by mid-century and about 4°C by end of century, if greenhouse-gas emissions continue their current rates of acceleration. Future precipitation changes are much less certain, with as many climate models projecting wetter conditions as drier. However, the same projections agree that precipitation will be more intense when storms do arrive, even as more dry days will separate storms. Warmer temperatures will likely enhance evaporative demands and raise water temperatures. Consequently, climate change is projected to yield both more extreme flood risks and greater drought risks. Sea level rise (SLR) during the 20th century was about 22cm, and is projected to increase by at least 3-fold this century. SLR together with land subsidence threatens the Delta with greater vulnerabilities to inundation and salinity intrusion. Effects on the Delta ecosystem that are traceable to warming include SLR, reduced snowpack, earlier snowmelt and larger storm-driven streamflows, warmer and longer summers, warmer summer water temperatures, and water-quality changes. These changes and their uncertainties will challenge the operations of water projects and uses throughout the Delta’s watershed and delivery areas. Although the effects of climate change on Delta ecosystems may be profound, the end results are difficult to predict, except that native species will fare worse than invaders. Successful preparation for the coming changes will require greater integration of monitoring, modeling, and decision making across time, variables, and space than has been historically normal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art5","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Anderson, J., Anderson, M.L., Brown, L.R., Cayan, D., and Maurer, E., 2016, Climate change and the Delta: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 14, no. 3, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art5.","productDescription":"Article 5; 26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-077659","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Jamie","contributorId":178769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Michael L.","contributorId":149932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel drcayan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maurer, Edwin P.","contributorId":13129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Edwin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189625,"text":"70189625 - 2016 - Earthquake source properties from pseudotachylite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:39:38","indexId":"70189625","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake source properties from pseudotachylite","docAbstract":"The motions radiated from an earthquake contain information that can be interpreted as displacements within the source and therefore related to stress drop. Except in a few notable cases, the source displacements can neither be easily related to the absolute stress level or fault strength, nor attributed to a particular physical mechanism. In contrast paleo-earthquakes recorded by exhumed pseudotachylite have a known dynamic mechanism whose properties constrain the co-seismic fault strength. Pseudotachylite can also be used to directly address a longstanding discrepancy between seismologically measured static stress drops, which are typically a few MPa, and much larger dynamic stress drops expected from thermal weakening during localized slip at seismic speeds in crystalline rock [Sibson, 1973; McKenzie and Brune, 1969; Lachenbruch, 1980; Mase and Smith, 1986; Rice, 2006] as have been observed recently in laboratory experiments at high slip rates [Di Toro et al., 2006a]. This note places pseudotachylite-derived estimates of fault strength and inferred stress levels within the context and broader bounds of naturally observed earthquake source parameters: apparent stress, stress drop, and overshoot, including consideration of roughness of the fault surface, off-fault damage, fracture energy, and the 'strength excess'. The analysis, which assumes stress drop is related to corner frequency by the Madariaga [1976] source model, is restricted to the intermediate sized earthquakes of the Gole Larghe fault zone in the Italian Alps where the dynamic shear strength is well-constrained by field and laboratory measurements. We find that radiated energy exceeds the shear-generated heat and that the maximum strength excess is ~16 MPa. More generally these events have inferred earthquake source parameters that are rate, for instance a few percent of the global earthquake population has stress drops as large, unless: fracture energy is routinely greater than existing models allow, pseudotachylite is not representative of the shear strength during the earthquake that generated it, or unless the strength excess is larger than we have allowed.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150344","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Di Toro, G., and Nielsen, S., 2016, Earthquake source properties from pseudotachylite: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 6, p. 2764-2776, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150344.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"2764","endPage":"2776","ipdsId":"IP-066613","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External 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,{"id":70186922,"text":"70186922 - 2016 - Spatial and ecological variation in dryland ecohydrological responses to climate change: implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:06:19","indexId":"70186922","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and ecological variation in dryland ecohydrological responses to climate change: implications for management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecohydrological responses to climate change will exhibit spatial variability and understanding the spatial pattern of ecological impacts is critical from a land management perspective. To quantify climate change impacts on spatial patterns of ecohydrology across shrub steppe ecosystems in North America, we asked the following question: How will climate change impacts on ecohydrology differ in magnitude and variability across climatic gradients, among three big sagebrush ecosystems (SB-Shrubland, SB-Steppe, SB-Montane), and among Sage-grouse Management Zones? We explored these potential changes for mid-century for RCP8.5 using a process-based water balance model (SOILWAT) for 898 big sagebrush sites using site- and scenario-specific inputs. We summarize changes in available soil water (ASW) and dry days, as these ecohydrological variables may be helpful in guiding land management decisions about where to geographically concentrate climate change mitigation and adaptation resources. Our results suggest that during spring, soils will be wetter in the future across the western United States, while soils will be drier in the summer. The magnitude of those predictions differed depending on geographic position and the ecosystem in question: Larger increases in mean daily spring ASW were expected for high-elevation SB-Montane sites and the eastern and central portions of our study area. The largest decreases in mean daily summer ASW were projected for warm, dry, mid-elevation SB-Montane sites in the central and west-central portions of our study area (decreases of up to 50%). Consistent with declining summer ASW, the number of dry days was projected to increase rangewide, but particularly for SB-Montane and SB-Steppe sites in the eastern and northern regions. Collectively, these results suggest that most sites will be drier in the future during the summer, but changes were especially large for mid- to high-elevation sites in the northern half of our study area. Drier summer conditions in high-elevation, SB-Montane sites may result in increased habitat suitability for big sagebrush, while those same changes will likely reduce habitat suitability for drier ecosystems. Our work has important implications for where land managers should prioritize resources for the conservation of North American shrub steppe plant communities and the species that depend on them.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1590","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, K.A., Schlaepfer, D., Bradford, J.B., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2016, Spatial and ecological variation in dryland ecohydrological responses to climate change: implications for management: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, e01590; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1590.","productDescription":"e01590; 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074039","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1590","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0c9e4b08144348b7df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70191263,"text":"70191263 - 2016 - Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T13:21:19","indexId":"70191263","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Life requires a wide variety of bioessential trace elements to act as structural components and reactive centers in metalloenzymes. These requirements differ between organisms and have evolved over geological time, likely guided in some part by environmental conditions. Until recently, most of what was understood regarding trace element concentrations in the Precambrian oceans was inferred by extrapolation, geochemical modeling, and/or genomic studies. However, in the past decade, the increasing availability of trace element and isotopic data for sedimentary rocks of all ages has yielded new, and potentially more direct, insights into secular changes in seawater composition – and ultimately the evolution of the marine biosphere. Compiled records of many bioessential trace elements (including Ni, Mo, P, Zn, Co, Cr, Se, and I) provide new insight into how trace element abundance in Earth's ancient oceans may have been linked to biological evolution. Several of these trace elements display redox-sensitive behavior, while others are redox-sensitive but not bioessential (e.g., Cr, U). Their temporal trends in sedimentary archives provide useful constraints on changes in atmosphere-ocean redox conditions that are linked to biological evolution, for example, the activity of oxygen-producing, photosynthetic cyanobacteria. In this review, we summarize available Precambrian trace element proxy data, and discuss how temporal trends in the seawater concentrations of specific trace elements may be linked to the evolution of both simple and complex life. We also examine several biologically relevant and/or redox-sensitive trace elements that have yet to be fully examined in the sedimentary rock record (e.g., Cu, Cd, W) and suggest several directions for future studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.J., Lalonde, S.V., Planavsky, N.J., Partin, C.A., Reinhard, C.T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D.S., Gill, B.C., Alessi, D.S., Dupont, C.L., Saito, M.A., Crowe, S.A., Poulton, S.W., Bekker, A., Lyons, T.W., and Konhauser, K.O., 2016, Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 163, p. 323-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"348","ipdsId":"IP-079724","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13782","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35027e4b05fe04cc34d59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Leslie J.","contributorId":196838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lalonde, Stefan V.","contributorId":196839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lalonde","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Planavsky, Noah J.","contributorId":196840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Planavsky","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Partin, Camille A.","contributorId":196841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Partin","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reinhard, Christopher T.","contributorId":196842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhard","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Brian","contributorId":196843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, Clint 0000-0003-2778-2711 clintonscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-2711","contributorId":5332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Clint","email":"clintonscott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hardisty, Dalton S.","contributorId":196844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardisty","given":"Dalton","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gill, Benjamin C.","contributorId":196845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Alessi, Daniel S.","contributorId":176793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alessi","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dupont, Christopher L.","contributorId":196846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupont","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Saito, Mak A.","contributorId":196847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saito","given":"Mak","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crowe, Sean A.","contributorId":196853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crowe","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Poulton, Simon W.","contributorId":196848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulton","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bekker, Andrey","contributorId":196849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekker","given":"Andrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lyons, Timothy W.","contributorId":196850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Konhauser, Kurt O.","contributorId":196851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konhauser","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70176669,"text":"sir20165136 - 2016 - Occurrence and concentrations of selected trace elements, halogenated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in streambed sediments and results of water-toxicity testing in Westside Creeks and the San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T16:59:35","indexId":"sir20165136","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5136","title":"Occurrence and concentrations of selected trace elements, halogenated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in streambed sediments and results of water-toxicity testing in Westside Creeks and the San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment samples and samples for water-toxicity testing were collected during 2014 from several streams in San Antonio, Texas, known locally as the Westside Creeks (Alazán, Apache, Martínez, and San Pedro Creeks) and from the San Antonio River. Samples were collected during base flow and after periods of stormwater runoff (poststorm conditions) to determine baseline sediment- and water-quality conditions. Streambed-sediment samples were analyzed for selected constituents, including trace elements and organic contaminants such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential risks of contaminants in sediment were evaluated by comparing concentrations of contaminants in sediment to two effects-based sediment-quality guidelines: (1)&nbsp;a lower level, called the threshold effect concentration, below which, harmful effects to benthic biota are not expected, and (2) a higher level, the probable effect concentration (PEC), above which harmful effects are expected to occur frequently. Samples for water-toxicity testing were collected from each stream to provide information about fish toxicity in the study area. The trace metal lead was detected at potentially toxic concentrations greater than the PEC in both the base-flow and poststorm samples collected at two sites sampled on San Pedro Creek. The PECs for the pesticides dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and chlordane were exceeded in some of the samples at the same two sites on San Pedro Creek. Brominated flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 85, 153, and 154 were found in all streambed-sediment samples. Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines established by Environment Canada for PBDE 99 and PBDE 100 were exceeded in all samples in which PBDE 99 was detected and in a majority of the samples in which PBDE 100 was detected; the greatest concentrations occurred in samples collected at the same two sites on San Pedro Creek where the samples containing elevated lead and pesticide concentrations were collected. All concentrations of total PCBs (computed as the sum of the 18 reported PCB congeners) in the individual streambed-sediment samples were less than the threshold effect concentration, but the concentrations were elevated in the two sites on San Pedro Creek compared to concentrations at other sites. At one site on Apache Creek, 6 of the individual PAHs measured in the sample collected during base-flow conditions exceeded the PECs and 8 of the 9 PECs were exceeded in the sample collected during poststorm conditions. The total PAH concentration in the sample collected at the site during poststorm conditions was 3.3 times greater than the PEC developed for total PAHs. Average PAH profiles computed for base-flow samples and poststorm samples most closely resemble the parking lot coal-tar sealcoat dust PAH source profile, defined as the average PAH concentrations in dust swept from parking lots in six cities in the United States that were sealed with a black, viscous liquid containing coal-tar pitch. Six of ten water samples collected during base-flow conditions caused reductions in <i>Pimephales promelas</i> (fathead minnow) survival and were considered to be toxic.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., Wilson, J.T., and Kunz, J.L., 2016, Occurrence and concentrations of selected trace elements, halogenated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in streambed sediments and results of water-toxicity testing in Westside Creeks and the San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5136, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165136.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 56 p.; Companion Files; Data Release","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076641","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438498,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NN5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sediment-quality and water-toxicity data from 10 sites on the Westside Creeks and San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014"},{"id":331376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3096/fs20163096.pdf","text":"FS 2016–3096 English Version","size":"667 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3096 English Version"},{"id":331394,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NN5","text":"USGS data release - Sediment-quality and water-toxicity data from 10 sites on the Westside Creeks and San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014","description":"USGS Data Release"},{"id":331362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5136/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":331363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5136/sir20165136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5136"},{"id":331377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3096/fs20163096_SpanishVersion.pdf","text":"FS 2016–3096 Spanish Version","size":"613 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3096 Spanish Version"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.604167,\n              29.523611\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.604167,\n              29.354167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.454167,\n              29.354167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.454167,\n              29.523611\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.604167,\n              29.523611\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Texas Water Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1505 Ferguson Lane &nbsp;<br>Austin, Texas 78754–4501</p><p><a href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/\">http://tx.usgs.gov/</a><br></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Methods<br></li><li>Occurrence and Concentrations of Selected Trace Elements, Halogenated Organic Compounds, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Streambed Sediment<br></li><li>Results of Water-Toxicity Testing<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-12-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dde4b04fc80e50738a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185762,"text":"70185762 - 2016 - Hurricane disturbance benefits nesting American Oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T10:28:39","indexId":"70185762","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane disturbance benefits nesting American Oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal ecosystems are under increasing pressure from human activity, introduced species, sea level rise, and storm activity. Hurricanes are a powerful destructive force, but can also renew coastal habitats. In 2003, Hurricane Isabel altered the barrier islands of North Carolina, flattening dunes and creating sand flats. American Oystercatchers (</span><i>Haematopus palliatus</i><span>) are large shorebirds that inhabit the coastal zone throughout the year. Alternative survival models were evaluated for 699 American Oystercatcher nests on North Core Banks and South Core Banks, North Carolina, USA, from 1999–2007. Nest survival on North Core Banks increased from 0.170 (SE = 0.002) to 0.772 (SE = 0.090) after the hurricane, with a carry-over effect lasting 2 years. A simple year effects model described nest survival on South Core Banks. Habitat had no effect on survival except when the overall rate of nest survival was at intermediate levels (0.300–0.600), when nests on open flats survived at a higher rate (0.600; SE = 0.112) than nests in dune habitat (0.243; SE = 0.094). Predator activity declined on North Core Banks after the hurricane and corresponded with an increase in nest survival. Periodic years with elevated nest survival may offset low annual productivity and contribute to the stability of American Oystercatcher populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0402","usgsCitation":"Simons, T.R., and Schulte, S., 2016, Hurricane disturbance benefits nesting American Oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>): Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 4, p. 327-337, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0402.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"337","ipdsId":"IP-057574","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d5e4b02ff32c685673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulte, Shiloh A.","contributorId":39911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Shiloh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184979,"text":"70184979 - 2016 - 3-D P- and S-wave velocity structure and low-frequency earthquake locations in the Parkfield, California region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T15:44:12","indexId":"70184979","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3-D P- and S-wave velocity structure and low-frequency earthquake locations in the Parkfield, California region","docAbstract":"<p><span>To refine the 3-D seismic velocity model in the greater Parkfield, California region, a new data set including regular earthquakes, shots, quarry blasts and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) was assembled. Hundreds of traces of each LFE family at two temporary arrays were stacked with time–frequency domain phase weighted stacking method to improve signal-to-noise ratio. We extend our model resolution to lower crustal depth with LFE data. Our result images not only previously identified features but also low velocity zones (LVZs) in the area around the LFEs and the lower crust beneath the southern Rinconada Fault. The former LVZ is consistent with high fluid pressure that can account for several aspects of LFE behaviour. The latter LVZ is consistent with a high conductivity zone in magnetotelluric studies. A new Vs model was developed with </span><i>S</i><span> picks that were obtained with a new autopicker. At shallow depth, the low Vs areas underlie the strongest shaking areas in the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. We relocate LFE families and analyse the location uncertainties with the NonLinLoc and tomoDD codes. The two methods yield similar results.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggw217","usgsCitation":"Zeng, X., Thurber, C.H., Shelly, D.R., Harrington, R., Cochran, E.S., Bennington, N.L., Peterson, D., Guo, B., and McClement, K., 2016, 3-D P- and S-wave velocity structure and low-frequency earthquake locations in the Parkfield, California region: Geophysical Journal International, v. 206, no. 3, p. 1574-1585, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw217.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1585","ipdsId":"IP-070431","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"206","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90125e4b0849ce97abcc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, Xiangfang","contributorId":177477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeng","given":"Xiangfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrington, Rebecca M.","contributorId":71089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Rebecca M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa L.","contributorId":172950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peterson, Dana","contributorId":189268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guo, Bin","contributorId":189269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McClement, Kara","contributorId":189270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClement","given":"Kara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70184984,"text":"70184984 - 2016 - Adaptive management for soil ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T13:40:53","indexId":"70184984","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive management for soil ecosystem services","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecosystem services provided by soil include regulation of the atmosphere and climate, primary (including agricultural) production, waste processing, decomposition, nutrient conservation, water purification, erosion control, medical resources, pest control, and disease mitigation. The simultaneous production of these multiple services arises from complex interactions among diverse aboveground and belowground communities across multiple scales. When a system is mismanaged, non-linear and persistent losses in ecosystem services can arise. Adaptive management is an approach to management designed to reduce uncertainty as management proceeds. By developing alternative hypotheses, testing these hypotheses and adjusting management in response to outcomes, managers can probe dynamic mechanistic relationships among aboveground and belowground soil system components. In doing so, soil ecosystem services can be preserved and critical ecological thresholds avoided. Here, we present an adaptive management framework designed to reduce uncertainty surrounding the soil system, even when soil ecosystem services production is not the explicit management objective, so that managers can reach their management goals without undermining soil multifunctionality or contributing to an irreversible loss of soil ecosystem services.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.024","usgsCitation":"Birge, H.E., Bevans, R.A., Allen, C.R., Angeler, D., Baer, S.G., and Wall, D., 2016, Adaptive management for soil ecosystem services: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 183, no. 2, p. 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.024.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"378","ipdsId":"IP-075671","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9de4b0849ce9795e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birge, Hannah E.","contributorId":166737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birge","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Rebecca A.","contributorId":189134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bevans","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baer, Sara G.","contributorId":189135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baer","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wall, Diana H.","contributorId":189136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Diana H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70184985,"text":"70184985 - 2016 - Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T13:35:44","indexId":"70184985","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance","docAbstract":"<p><span>In a world of increasing interconnections in global trade as well as rapid change in climate and land cover, the accelerating introduction and spread of invasive species is a critical concern due to associated negative social and ecological impacts, both real and perceived. Much of the societal response to invasive species to date has been associated with negative economic consequences of invasions. This response has shaped a war-like approach to addressing invasions, one with an agenda of eradications and intense ecological restoration efforts towards prior or more desirable ecological regimes. This trajectory often ignores the concept of ecological resilience and associated approaches of resilience-based governance. We argue that the relationship between ecological resilience and invasive species has been understudied to the detriment of attempts to govern invasions, and that most management actions fail, primarily because they do not incorporate adaptive, learning-based approaches. Invasive species can decrease resilience by reducing the biodiversity that underpins ecological functions and processes, making ecosystems more prone to regime shifts. However, invasions do not always result in a shift to an alternative regime; invasions can also increase resilience by introducing novelty, replacing lost ecological functions or adding redundancy that strengthens already existing structures and processes in an ecosystem. This paper examines the potential impacts of species invasions on the resilience of ecosystems and suggests that resilience-based approaches can inform policy by linking the governance of biological invasions to the negotiation of tradeoffs between ecosystem services.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.040","usgsCitation":"Chaffin, B.C., Garmestani, A.S., Angeler, D., Herrmann, D.L., Stow, C., Nystrom, M., Sendzimir, J., Hopton, M.E., Kolasa, J., and Allen, C.R., 2016, Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 183, no. 2, p. 399-407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"407","ipdsId":"IP-076225","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9de4b0849ce9795e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffin, Brian C.","contributorId":189131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaffin","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herrmann, Dustin L.","contributorId":189132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nystrom, Magnus","contributorId":36460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Magnus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sendzimir, Jan","contributorId":57315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sendzimir","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hopton, Matthew E.","contributorId":189133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopton","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kolasa, Jurek","contributorId":34767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolasa","given":"Jurek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70184993,"text":"70184993 - 2016 - Enabling science support for better decision-making when responding to chemical spills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:26:05","indexId":"70184993","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enabling science support for better decision-making when responding to chemical spills","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chemical spills and accidents contaminate the environment and disrupt societies and economies around the globe. In the United States there were approximately 172,000 chemical spills that affected US waterbodies from 2004 to 2014. More than 8000 of these spills involved non–petroleum-related chemicals. Traditional emergency responses or incident command structures (ICSs) that respond to chemical spills require coordinated efforts by predominantly government personnel from multiple disciplines, including disaster management, public health, and environmental protection. However, the requirements of emergency response teams for science support might not be met within the traditional ICS. We describe the US ICS as an example of emergency-response approaches to chemical spills and provide examples in which external scientific support from research personnel benefitted the ICS emergency response, focusing primarily on nonpetroleum chemical spills. We then propose immediate, near-term, and long-term activities to support the response to chemical spills, focusing on nonpetroleum chemical spills. Further, we call for science support for spill prevention and near-term spill-incident response and identify longer-term research needs. The development of a formal mechanism for external science support of ICS from governmental and nongovernmental scientists would benefit rapid responders, advance incident- and crisis-response science, and aid society in coping with and recovering from chemical spills.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.","doi":"10.2134/jeq2016.03.0090","usgsCitation":"Weidhass, J.L., Dietrich, A.M., DeYonker, N.J., Dupont, R.R., Foreman, W., Gallagher, D., Gallagher, J.E., Whelton, A.J., and Alexander, W., 2016, Enabling science support for better decision-making when responding to chemical spills: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 45, no. 5, p. 1490-1500, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.03.0090.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1490","endPage":"1500","ipdsId":"IP-071391","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.03.0090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9ce4b0849ce9795e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidhass, Jennifer L.","contributorId":189096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weidhass","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietrich, Andrea M.","contributorId":189097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeYonker, Nathan J.","contributorId":189098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeYonker","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupont, R. Ryan","contributorId":189099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupont","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, William T.  0000-0002-2530-3310 wforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-3310","contributorId":169108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T. ","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gallagher, Daniel","contributorId":189100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallagher","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallagher, Jennifer E. G.","contributorId":189101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallagher","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whelton, Andrew J.","contributorId":189102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whelton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Alexander, William","contributorId":189103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70185017,"text":"70185017 - 2016 - Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T15:28:05.150551","indexId":"70185017","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable climate. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify climate change refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and socio-cultural resources. We differentiate historical and contemporary views, and characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain climate change refugia. We then delineate how refugia can fit into existing decision support frameworks for climate adaptation and describe seven steps for managing them. Finally, we identify challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the concept of climate change refugia. Managing climate change refugia can be an important option for conservation in the face of ongoing climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0159909","usgsCitation":"Morelli, T.L., and Jackson, S.T., 2016, Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 8, e0159909, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159909.","productDescription":"e0159909, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-065944","costCenters":[{"id":41705,"text":"Northeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159909","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90124e4b0849ce97abcc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, Toni L. 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":189143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185067,"text":"70185067 - 2016 - Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:48:42","indexId":"70185067","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yukon River Basin, underlain by discontinuous permafrost, has experienced a warming climate over the last century that has altered air temperature, precipitation, and permafrost. We investigated a water chemistry database from 1982 to 2014 for the Yukon River and its major tributary, the Tanana River. Significant increases of Ca, Mg, and Na annual flux were found in both rivers. Additionally, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span> and P annual flux increased in the Yukon River. No annual trends were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 2001 to 2014. In the Yukon River, Mg and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span> flux increased throughout the year, while some of the most positive trends for Ca, Mg, Na, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and P flux occurred during the fall and winter months. Both rivers exhibited positive monthly DOC flux trends for summer (Yukon River) and winter (Tanana River). These trends suggest increased active layer expansion, weathering, and sulfide oxidation due to permafrost degradation throughout the Yukon River Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016GL070817","usgsCitation":"Toohey, R.C., Herman-Mercer, N.M., Schuster, P.F., Mutter, E.A., and Koch, J.C., 2016, Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 23, p. 12120-12130, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070817.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12120","endPage":"12130","ipdsId":"IP-078772","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/62390","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","volume":"43","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90124e4b0849ce97abcbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toohey, Ryan C. 0000-0001-8248-5045 rtoohey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-5045","contributorId":5674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toohey","given":"Ryan","email":"rtoohey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman-Mercer, Nicole M. 0000-0001-5933-4978 nhmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-4978","contributorId":3927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman-Mercer","given":"Nicole","email":"nhmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mutter, Edda A.","contributorId":174399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mutter","given":"Edda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27447,"text":"Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186381,"text":"70186381 - 2016 - Missing link between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T15:10:12","indexId":"70186381","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Missing link between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults","docAbstract":"<p><span>The next major earthquake to strike the ~7 million residents of the San Francisco Bay Area will most likely result from rupture of the Hayward or Rodgers Creek faults. Until now, the relationship between these two faults beneath San Pablo Bay has been a mystery. Detailed subsurface imaging provides definitive evidence of active faulting along the Hayward fault as it traverses San Pablo Bay and bends ~10° to the right toward the Rodgers Creek fault. Integrated geophysical interpretation and kinematic modeling show that the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults are directly connected at the surface—a geometric relationship that has significant implications for earthquake dynamics and seismic hazard. A direct link enables simultaneous rupture of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults, a scenario that could result in a major earthquake (</span><i>M</i><span> = 7.4) that would cause extensive damage and loss of life with global economic impact.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1601441","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Ponce, D.A., Parsons, T.E., and Hart, P.E., 2016, Missing link between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults: Science Advances, v. 2, no. 10, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601441.","productDescription":"e1601441; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-075884","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185750,"text":"70185750 - 2016 - Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T09:54:05","indexId":"70185750","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There are 63 chemical elements that have two or more isotopes that are used to determine their standard atomic weights. The isotopic abundances and atomic weights of these elements can vary in normal materials due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay). These variations are well known for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium), and the standard atomic weight of each of these elements is given by IUPAC as an interval with lower and upper bounds. Graphical plots of selected materials and compounds of each of these elements have been published previously. Herein and at the URL </span><a title=\"\" href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2\">http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2</a><span>, we provide isotopic abundances, isotope-delta values, and atomic weights for each of the upper and lower bounds of these materials and compounds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/pac-2016-0302","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Shrestha, Y., 2016, Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 88, no. 12, p. 1203-1224, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0302.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1224","ipdsId":"IP-078266","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tables and charts for isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016"},{"id":338532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d5e4b02ff32c685677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrestha, Yesha 0000-0002-9714-8516 yshrestha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-8516","contributorId":189970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Yesha","email":"yshrestha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189656,"text":"70189656 - 2016 - Unusual clockwise loop migration lengthens travel distances and increases potential risks for a central Asian, long distance, trans-equatorial migrant, the Red-footed Falcon <i>Falco vespertinus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:15:16","indexId":"70189656","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual clockwise loop migration lengthens travel distances and increases potential risks for a central Asian, long distance, trans-equatorial migrant, the Red-footed Falcon <i>Falco vespertinus</i>","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Capsule:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Red-footed Falcons<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Falco vespertinus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>migrating from northern Kazakhstan proceed west before heading south to Africa; their northbound travel follows a different route with passage close to shooting hotspots in the Mediterranean.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>To use tracking and ringing data to document for the first time the migration of globally threatened Red-footed Falcons from northern Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Light-level geolocators were deployed on breeding adults in Kazakhstan and recovered one year later. Ringing and observational data from more than 100 years of Russian-language and other literature were summarized and mapped alongside the geolocator data.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Geolocator, ringing and observational data together demonstrate that Red-footed Falcons from northern Kazakhstan have a clockwise loop migration that begins with a long and unusual westward trek around eastern Europe’s large inland seas before continuing to extreme southern Africa. Return migration is farther west and requires crossing two major migratory barriers: the Sahara and the Mediterranean.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>The loop migration we describe requires an extensive longitudinal movement, exposes central Asian Red-footed Falcons to multiple desert, mountain and marine crossings, and, at outbound and return Mediterranean bottlenecks, crosses sites where raptor shooting is common.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2016.1214107","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., Bragin, E.A., Bragin, A.E., McGrady, M.J., Miller, T., and Bildstein, K.L., 2016, Unusual clockwise loop migration lengthens travel distances and increases potential risks for a central Asian, long distance, trans-equatorial migrant, the Red-footed Falcon <i>Falco vespertinus</i>: Bird Study, v. 63, no. 3, p. 406-412, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2016.1214107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"412","ipdsId":"IP-071710","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb7e4b0d1f9f065a899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragin, Evgeny A.","contributorId":194894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragin","given":"Evgeny","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35656,"text":"Science Department, Naurzum National Nature Reserve, Kostanay Oblast, Naurzumski Raijon, Karamendy, Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragin, Alexander E.","contributorId":193027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragin","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGrady, Michael J.","contributorId":189117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGrady","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Tricia A.","contributorId":64790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Tricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bildstein, Keith L.","contributorId":150854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bildstein","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":18119,"text":"Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Acopian Center for Conservation Learning","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193670,"text":"70193670 - 2016 - Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:50:51","indexId":"70193670","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels","docAbstract":"<p>The ability to detect a species is central to the success of monitoring for conservation and management purposes, especially if the species is rare or endangered. Traditional methods, such as live capture, can be labor-intensive, invasive, and produce low detection rates. Technological advances and new approaches provide opportunities to more effectively survey for species both in terms of accuracy and efficiency than previous methods. We conducted a pilot comparison study of a traditional technique (live-trapping) and 2 novel noninvasive techniques (camera-trapping and ultrasonic acoustic surveys) on detection rates of the federally endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (<i>Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus</i>) in occupied habitat within the Roan Mountain Highlands of North Carolina, USA. In 2015, we established 3 5 × 5 live-trapping grids (6.5 ha) with 4 camera traps and 4 acoustic detectors systematically embedded in each grid. All 3 techniques were used simultaneously during 2 4-day survey periods. We compared techniques by assessing probability of detection (POD), latency to detection (LTD; i.e., no. of survey nights until initial detection), and survey effort. Acoustics had the greatest POD (0.37 ± 0.06 SE), followed by camera traps (0.30 ± 0.06) and live traps (0.01 ± 0.005). Acoustics had a lower LTD than camera traps (<i>P </i>= 0.017), where average LTD was 1.5 nights for acoustics and 3.25 nights for camera traps. Total field effort was greatest with live traps (111.9 hr) followed by acoustics (8.4 hr) and camera traps (9.6 hr), although processing and examination for data of noninvasive techniques made overall effort similar among the 3 methods. This pilot study demonstrated that both noninvasive methods were better rapid-assessment detection techniques for flying squirrels than live traps. However, determining seasonal effects between survey techniques and further development of protocols for both noninvasive techniques is necessary prior to widespread application in the region. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.715","usgsCitation":"Diggins, C.A., Gilley, L.M., Kelly, C.A., and Ford, W.M., 2016, Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 4, p. 654-662, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.715.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"662","ipdsId":"IP-074552","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e146450458c4b5e965d92d9b6f7a9e5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb5e4b0531197b573c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilley, L. Michelle","contributorId":171670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilley","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":35652,"text":"Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Christine A.","contributorId":171661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35598,"text":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70191261,"text":"70191261 - 2016 - Abiotic raw-materials in life cycle impact assessments: An emerging consensus across disciplines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:26:57","indexId":"70191261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5507,"text":"Resources","printIssn":"2079-9276","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abiotic raw-materials in life cycle impact assessments: An emerging consensus across disciplines","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper captures some of the emerging consensus points that came out of the workshop “Mineral Resources in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Mapping the path forward”, held at the Natural History Museum London on 14 October 2015: that current practices rely in many instances on obsolete data, often confuse resource depletion with impacts on resource availability, which can therefore provide inconsistent decision support and lead to misguided claims about environmental performance. Participants agreed it would be helpful to clarify which models estimate depletion and which estimate availability, so that results can be correctly reported in the most appropriate framework. Most participants suggested that resource availability will be more meaningfully addressed within a comprehensive Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework rather than limited to an environmental Life Cycle Assessment or Footprint. Presentations from each of the authors are available for download.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/resources5010012","usgsCitation":"Drielsma, J., Allington, R., Brady, T., Guinee, J., Hammarstrom, J.M., Hummen, T., Russell-Vaccari, A., Schneider, L., Sonnemann, G., and Weihed, P., 2016, Abiotic raw-materials in life cycle impact assessments: An emerging consensus across disciplines: Resources, v. 5, no. 1, Article 12; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/resources5010012.","productDescription":"Article 12; 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071618","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/resources5010012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35027e4b05fe04cc34d5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drielsma, Johannes","contributorId":196826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drielsma","given":"Johannes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allington, Ruth","contributorId":196827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allington","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, Thomas","contributorId":196828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guinee, Jeroen","contributorId":196829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guinee","given":"Jeroen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hummen, Torsten","contributorId":196830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummen","given":"Torsten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Russell-Vaccari, Andrea","contributorId":196831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell-Vaccari","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schneider, Laura","contributorId":196832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sonnemann, Guido","contributorId":196833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnemann","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weihed, Par","contributorId":196834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weihed","given":"Par","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
]}