The Earth's surface is changing rapidly. Changes are local, regional, national, and even global in scope. Some changes have natural causes, such as earthquakes or drought. Other changes, such as urban expansion, agricultural intensification, resource extraction, and water resources development, are examples of human-induced change that have significant impact upon people, the economy, and resources. The consequences that result from these changes are often dramatic and widespread (Buchanan, Acevedo, and Zirbes, 2002)
It is the role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide useful and relevant scientific information both to the agencies within the Department of the Interior and to the Nation in general. In an effort to comply with this task, USGS scientists are assessing the status of, and the trends in, the Nation's land surface. This assessment provides useful information for regional and national land use decisionmaking. This knowledge can be used to deal with issues of significance to the Nation, such as quality-of-life, ecology of urban environments, ecosystem health, ecological integrity, water quality and quantity concerns, resource availability, vulnerability to natural hazards, safeguards to human health, air and land quality, and accessibility to scientific information. Results of these assessments can also be analyzed to reveal rates and trends in land use change. Results from urban growth studies provide a firm foundation for continuing research that explores the consequences of human modification of the landscape.
The USGS seeks to illustrate and explain the spatial history of urban growth and corresponding land use change. Scientists are studying urban environments from a regional perspective and a time scale of decades to measure the changes that have occurred in order to help understand the impact of anticipated changes in the future.
Within this booklet are pairs of images of selected urbanized regions from across the Nation. These image pairs illustrate the transformation that these areas have undergone over two decades. Specifically, they depict changes in the extent of urban land. Each change pair is composed of one image from the 1970s and one image from the 1990s. Accompanying each image pair is a brief historical geography of factors that helped facilitate major changes that have occurred since the founding of the main city and the consequences and challenges of regional urban growth. The goal of this publication is to provide an illustration of urban change that is easily understood by a broad audience.
The images used throughout this booklet were generated from land cover data developed by the USGS. The data sources include the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) for the 1970s images and the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) for the 1990s images. GIRAS digital maps are based on photointerpretations completed in the mid-1970s. The NLCD is a land cover dataset for the conterminous United States based on 1992 Landsat thematic mapper (TM) satellite imagery and supplemental data (fig. 1a and fig. 1b). The USGS distributes both of these land use and land cover digital datasets.
The images were developed by using a geographic information system (GIS). The GIRAS and NLCD datasets were used to identify urban land within each region. In the final images all urban areas are shown in red. A shaded-relief map of each region was used to display the topographic context of the red polygon coverage. For all of these images, urban land is defined as areas transformed into a built-up environment for human use. It includes residential areas, commercial and industrial developments, transportation features, and institutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1252","usgsCitation":"Auch, R., Taylor, J., and Acevedo, W., 2004, Urban growth in American cities : glimpses of U.S. urbanization: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1252, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1252.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1252.jpg"},{"id":5277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/circ1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338406,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/circ1252/pdf/circ1252.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auch, Roger 0000-0002-5382-5044","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":59868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Janis 0000-0002-9418-5215 jltaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-5215","contributorId":3869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Janis ","email":"jltaylor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53966,"text":"wri034231 - 2004 - Conjunctive-use optimization model and sustainable-yield estimation for the Sparta aquifer of southeastern Arkansas and north-central Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:42","indexId":"wri034231","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4231","title":"Conjunctive-use optimization model and sustainable-yield estimation for the Sparta aquifer of southeastern Arkansas and north-central Louisiana","docAbstract":"Conjunctive-use optimization modeling was done to assist water managers and planners by estimating the maximum amount of ground water that hypothetically could be withdrawn from wells within the Sparta aquifer indefinitely without violating hydraulic-head or stream-discharge constraints. The Sparta aquifer is largely a confined aquifer of regional importance that comprises a sequence of unconsolidated sand units that are contained within the Sparta Sand. In 2000, more than 35.4 million cubic feet per day (Mft3/d) of water were withdrawn from the aquifer by more than 900 wells, primarily for industry, municipal supply, and crop irrigation in Arkansas. Continued, heavy withdrawals from the aquifer have caused several large cones of depression, lowering hydraulic heads below the top of the Sparta Sand in parts of Union and Columbia Counties and several areas in north-central Louisiana. Problems related to overdraft in the Sparta aquifer can result in increased drilling and pumping costs, reduced well yields, and degraded water quality in areas of large drawdown. \r\n\r\nA finite-difference ground-water flow model was developed for the Sparta aquifer using MODFLOW, primarily in eastern and southeastern Arkansas and north-central Louisiana. Observed aquifer conditions in 1997 supported by numerical simulations of ground-water flow show that continued pumping at withdrawal rates representative of 1990 - 1997 rates cannot be sustained indefinitely without causing hydraulic heads to drop substantially below the top of the Sparta Sand in southern Arkansas and north-central Louisiana. Areas of ground-water levels below the top of the Sparta Sand have been designated as Critical Ground-Water Areas by the State of Arkansas. A steady-state conjunctive-use optimization model was developed to simulate optimized surface-water and ground-water withdrawals while maintaining hydraulic-head and streamflow constraints, thus determining the 'sustainable yield' for the aquifer. \r\n\r\nInitial attempts to estimate sustainable yield using simulated 1997 hydraulic heads as initial heads in Scenario 1 and 100 percent of the baseline 1990-1997 withdrawal rate as the lower specified limit in Scenario 2 led to infeasible results. Sustainable yield was estimated successfully for scenario 3 with three variations on the upper limit of withdrawal rates. Additionally, ground-water withdrawals in Union County were fixed at 35.6 percent of the baseline 1990-1997 withdrawal rate in Scenario 3. These fixed withdrawals are recognized by the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission to be sustainable as determined in a previous study. The optimized solutions maintained hydraulic heads at or above the top of the Sparta Sand (except in the outcrop areas where unconfined conditions occur) and streamflow within the outcrop areas was maintained at or above minimum levels. Scenario 3 used limits of 100, 150, and 200 percent of baseline 1990-1997 withdrawal rates for the upper specified limit on 1,119 withdrawal decision variables (managed wells) resulting in estimated sustainable yields ranging from 11.6 to 13.2 Mft3/d in Arkansas and 0.3 to 0.5 Mft3/d in Louisiana. Assuming the total 2 Conjunctive-Use Optimization Model and Sustainable-Yield Estimation for the Sparta Aquifer of Southeastern Arkansas and North-Central Louisiana water demand is equal to the baseline 1990-1997 withdrawal rates, the sustainable yields estimated from the three scenarios only provide 52 to 59 percent of the total ground-water demand for Arkansas; the remainder is defined as unmet demand that could be obtained from large, sustainable surface-water withdrawals.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034231","usgsCitation":"McKee, P.W., Clark, B.R., and Czarnecki, J.B., 2004, Conjunctive-use optimization model and sustainable-yield estimation for the Sparta aquifer of southeastern Arkansas and north-central Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4231, iv, 30 p. : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034231.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4231.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a31f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Paul W.","contributorId":88792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54122,"text":"cir1259 - 2004 - Shifting shoals and shattered rocks: How man has transformed the floor of west-central San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:19:39.305081","indexId":"cir1259","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1259","title":"Shifting shoals and shattered rocks: How man has transformed the floor of west-central San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"San Francisco Bay, one of the world's finest natural harbors and a major center for maritime trade, is referred to as the 'Gateway to the Pacific Rim.' The bay is an urbanized estuary that is considered by many to be the major estuary in the United States most modified by man's activities. The population around the estuary has grown rapidly since the 1850's and now exceeds 7 million people. The San Francisco Bay area's economy ranks as one of the largest in the world, larger even than that of many countries. More than 10 million tourists are estimated to visit the bay region each year. The bay area's population and associated development have increasingly changed the estuary and its environment. \r\n\r\nSan Francisco Bay and the contiguous Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta encompass roughly 1,600 square miles (4,100 km2) and are the outlet of a major watershed that drains more than 40 percent of the land area of the State of California. This watershed provides drinking water for 20 million people (two thirds of the State's population) and irrigates 4.5 million acres of farmland and ranchland. \r\n\r\nDuring the past several decades, much has been done to clean up the environment and waters of San Francisco Bay. Conservationist groups have even bought many areas on the margins of the bay with the intention of restoring them to a condition more like the natural marshes they once were. However, many of the major manmade changes to the bay's environment occurred so long ago that the nature of them has been forgotten. In addition, many changes continue to occur today, such as the introduction of exotic species and the loss of commercial and sport fisheries because of declining fish populations. The economy and population of the nine counties that surround the bay continue to grow and put increasing pressure on the bay, both direct and indirect. Therefore, there are mixed signals for the future health and welfare of San Francisco Bay. \r\n\r\nThe San Francisco Bay estuary consists of three subembayments--north bay (San Pablo and Suisun Bays), central bay, and south bay--each characterized by a central area of open water surrounded by intertidal mudflats and marshes. Central bay includes Alcatraz and Angel Islands and also a number of submerged bedrock knobs that protrude through the sediment of the bay floor and rise to within about 40 feet (12 m) of the water surface. The most prominent of these are Harding, Shag, Arch, and Blossom Rocks. These rocks have been lowered by blasting several times in the past, but they remain a potential hazard to shipping because newer cargo vessels are designed with increasingly deeper drafts. Central bay's location adjacent to two major population and commerce centers, San Francisco and Oakland, subjects it to greater human influences than less developed parts of the estuary. The western part of central San Francisco Bay is adjacent to the Golden Gate, the estuary's outlet to the Pacific Ocean. The changing submarine topography of the west-central bay, as well as its geology, form the main focus of this book.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1259","collaboration":"See also OFR 01-90","usgsCitation":"Chin, J., Wong, F.L., and Carlson, P.R., 2004, Shifting shoals and shattered rocks: How man has transformed the floor of west-central San Francisco Bay (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1259, Report: vi, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 25.50 × 35.36 inches; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1259.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 25.50 × 35.36 inches; Spatial Data","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_66120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/c1259/illustrations/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/c1259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48677786805541,\n 37.88512559004853\n ],\n [\n -122.48677786805541,\n 37.81215264640532\n ],\n [\n -122.382990293902,\n 37.81215264640532\n ],\n [\n -122.382990293902,\n 37.88512559004853\n ],\n [\n -122.48677786805541,\n 37.88512559004853\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, John L.","contributorId":98291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54155,"text":"wri034322 - 2004 - Simulated effects of ground-water augmentation on the hydrology of Round and Halfmoon Lakes in northwestern Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T20:25:33.341435","indexId":"wri034322","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4322","title":"Simulated effects of ground-water augmentation on the hydrology of Round and Halfmoon Lakes in northwestern Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Pumpage from the Upper Floridan aquifer in northwest Hillsborough County near Tampa, Florida, has induced downward leakage from the overlying surficial aquifer and lowered the water table in many areas. Leakage is highest where the confining layer separating the aquifers is breached, which is common beneath many of the lakes in the study area. Leakage of water to the Upper Floridan aquifer has lowered the water level in many lakes and drained many wetlands. Ground water from the Upper Floridan aquifer has been added (augmented) to some lakes in an effort to maintain lake levels, but the resulting lake-water chemistry and lake leakage patterns are substantially different from those of natural lakes. Changes in lake-water chemistry can cause changes in lake flora, fauna, and lake sediment composition, and large volumes of lake leakage are suspected to enhance the formation of sinkholes near the shoreline of augmented lakes.
The leakage rate of lake water through the surficial aquifer to the Upper Floridan aquifer was estimated in this study using ground-water-flow models developed for an augmented lake (Round Lake) and non-augmented lake (Halfmoon Lake). Flow models developed with MODFLOW were calibrated through nonlinear regression with UCODE to measured water levels and monthly net ground-water-flow rates from the lakes estimated from lake-water budgets. Monthly estimates of ground-water recharge were computed using an unsaturated flow model (LEACHM) that simulated daily changes in storage of water in the soil profile, thus estimating recharge as drainage to the water table.
Aquifer properties in the Round Lake model were estimated through transient-state simulations using two sets of monthly recharge rates computed during July 1996 to February 1999, which spanned both average conditions (July 1996 through October 1997), and an El Niño event (November 1997 through September 1998) when the recharge rate doubled. Aquifer properties in the Halfmoon Lake model were estimated through steady-state simulations of average conditions in July 1996. Simulated hydrographs computed by the Round and Halfmoon Lake models closely matched measured water-level fluctuations, except during El Niño, when the Halfmoon Lake model was unable to accurately reproduce water levels. Possibly, potential recharge during El Niño was diverted through ground-water-flow outlets that were not represented in the Halfmoon Lake model, or a large part of the rainfall was diverted into runoff before it could become recharge.
Solute transport simulations with MT3D indicate that leakage of lake water extended 250 to 400 feet into the surficial aquifer around Round Lake, and from 75 to 150 feet around Halfmoon Lake before flowing to the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. These results are in agreement with concentrations of stable isotopes of oxygen-18 (d18O) and deuterium (dD) in the surficial aquifer. Schedules of monthly augmentation rates to maintain constant stages in Round and Halfmoon Lakes were computed using an equation that accounted for changes in the Upper Floridan aquifer head and the deviation from the mean recharge rate. Resulting lake stages were nearly constant during the first half of the study, but increased above target lake stages during El Niño; modifying the computation of augmentation rates to account for the higher recharge rate during El Niño resulted in lake stages that were closer to the target lake stage.
Substantially more lake leakage flows to the Upper Floridan aquifer from Round Lake than from Halfmoon Lake, because the estimated vertical hydraulic conductivities of lake and confining layer sediments and breaches in the confining layer beneath Round Lake are much greater. Augmentation rates required to maintain the low guidance stages in Round Lake (53 feet) and Halfmoon Lake (42 feet) under average Upper Floridan aquifer heads are estimated as 33,850 cubic feet per day and 1,330 to 10,000 cubic feet per day, respectively. These rates equate to 26 inches per month of water applied to the entire surface of Round Lake and 0.34 to 2.5 inches per month of water applied to Halfmoon Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034322","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Metz, P.A., 2004, Simulated effects of ground-water augmentation on the hydrology of Round and Halfmoon Lakes in northwestern Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4322, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034322.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406343,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68327.htm"},{"id":5601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Round and Halfmoon Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.575,\n 28.1375\n ],\n [\n -82.4833,\n 28.1375\n ],\n [\n -82.4833,\n 28.0667\n ],\n [\n -82.575,\n 28.0667\n ],\n [\n -82.575,\n 28.1375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metz, P. A.","contributorId":68706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":55232,"text":"sir20045032 - 2004 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44934,"text":"wri20024292 - 2002 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register","indexId":"wri20024292","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Estimates of Median Flows for Streams on the Kansas Surface Water Register","title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":55232,"text":"sir20045032 - 2004 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register","indexId":"sir20045032","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T10:06:03","indexId":"sir20045032","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5032","title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register","docAbstract":"The Kansas State Legislature, by enacting Kansas Statute KSA 82a?2001 et. seq., mandated the criteria for determining which Kansas stream segments would be subject to classification by the State. One criterion for the selection as a classified stream segment is based on the statistic of median flow being equal to or greater than 1 cubic foot per second. As specified by KSA 82a?2001 et. seq., median flows were determined from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging-station data by using the most-recent 10 years of gaged data (KSA) for each streamflow-gaging station. Median flows also were determined by using gaged data from the entire period of record (all-available hydrology, AAH).\r\n\r\nLeast-squares multiple regression techniques were used, along with Tobit analyses, to develop equations for estimating median flows for uncontrolled stream segments. The drainage area of the gaging stations on uncontrolled stream segments used in the regression analyses ranged from 2.06 to 12,004 square miles. A logarithmic transformation of the data was needed to develop the best linear relation for computing median flows. In the regression analyses, the significant climatic and basin characteristics, in order of importance, were drainage area, mean annual precipitation, mean basin permeability, and mean basin slope. Tobit analyses of KSA data yielded a model standard error of prediction of 0.285 logarithmic units, and the best equations using Tobit analyses of AAH data had a model standard error of prediction of 0.250 logarithmic units.\r\n\r\nThese regression equations and an interpolation procedure were used to compute median flows for the uncontrolled stream segments on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register. Measured median flows from gaging stations were incorporated into the regression-estimated median flows along the stream segments where available. The segments that were uncontrolled were interpolated using gaged data weighted according to the drainage area and the bias between the regression-estimated and gaged flow information. On controlled segments of Kansas streams, the median flow information was interpolated between gaging stations using only gaged data weighted by drainage area. \r\n\r\nOf the 2,232 total stream segments on the Kansas Surface Water Register, 34.5 percent of the segments had an estimated median streamflow of less than 1 cubic foot per second when the KSA analysis was used. When the AAH analysis was used, 36.2 percent of the segments had an estimated median streamflow of less than 1 cubic foot per second.\r\n\r\n\r\nThis report supercedes U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02?4292.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045032","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., Wolock, D.M., and Artman, J.C., 2004, Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register (supercedes Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4292): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5032, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045032.","productDescription":"219 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045032/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5032/pdf/sir2004.5032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.6 mb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"supercedes Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4292","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":252974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":252973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artman, Joshua C.","contributorId":28942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artman","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":55233,"text":"sir20045033 - 2004 - Estimates of flow duration, mean flow, and peak-discharge frequency values for Kansas stream locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T20:05:11.595075","indexId":"sir20045033","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5033","displayTitle":"Estimates of Flow Duration, Mean Flow, and Peak-Discharge Frequency Values for Kansas Stream Locations","title":"Estimates of flow duration, mean flow, and peak-discharge frequency values for Kansas stream locations","docAbstract":"Streamflow statistics of flow duration and peak-discharge frequency were estimated for 4,771 individual locations on streams listed on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register. These statistics included the flow-duration values of 90, 75, 50, 25, and 10 percent, as well as the mean flow value. Peak-discharge frequency values were estimated for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods.
Least-squares multiple regression techniques were used, along with Tobit analyses, to develop equations for estimating flow-duration values of 90, 75, 50, 25, and 10 percent and the mean flow for uncontrolled flow stream locations. The contributing-drainage areas of 149 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Kansas and parts of surrounding States that had flow uncontrolled by Federal reservoirs and used in the regression analyses ranged from 2.06 to 12,004 square miles. Logarithmic transformations of climatic and basin data were performed to yield the best linear relation for developing equations to compute flow durations and mean flow.
In the regression analyses, the significant climatic and basin characteristics, in order of importance, were contributing-drainage area, mean annual precipitation, mean basin permeability, and mean basin slope. The analyses yielded a model standard error of prediction range of 0.43 logarithmic units for the 90-percent duration analysis to 0.15 logarithmic units for the 10-percent duration analysis. The model standard error of prediction was 0.14 logarithmic units for the mean flow. Regression equations used to estimate peak-discharge frequency values were obtained from a previous report, and estimates for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods were determined for this report.
The regression equations and an interpolation procedure were used to compute flow durations, mean flow, and estimates of peak-discharge frequency for locations along uncontrolled flow streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register. Flow durations, mean flow, and peak-discharge frequency values determined at available gaging stations were used to interpolate the regression-estimated flows for the stream locations where available. Streamflow statistics for locations that had uncontrolled flow were interpolated using data from gaging stations weighted according to the drainage area and the bias between the regression-estimated and gaged flow information. On controlled reaches of Kansas streams, the streamflow statistics were interpolated between gaging stations using only gaged data weighted by drainage area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and the Kansas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., Wolock, D.M., and Artman, J.C., 2004, Estimates of flow duration, mean flow, and peak-discharge frequency values for Kansas stream locations (ver. 1.1, July 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5033, 651 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045033.","productDescription":"651 p.","numberOfPages":"664","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492760,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5033/downloads/","text":"Report—Individual sections for 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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Multi-Resolution Land Characterization 2001 (MRLC 2001) is a second-generation Federal consortium designed to create an updated pool of nation-wide Landsat 5 and 7 imagery and derive a second-generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). The objectives of this multi-layer, multi-source database are two fold: first, to provide consistent land cover for all 50 States, and second, to provide a data framework which allows flexibility in developing and applying each independent data component to a wide variety of other applications. Components in the database include the following: (1) normalized imagery for three time periods per path/row, (2) ancillary data, including a 30 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived into slope, aspect and slope position, (3) perpixel estimates of percent imperviousness and percent tree canopy, (4) 29 classes of land cover data derived from the imagery, ancillary data, and derivatives, (5) classification rules, confidence estimates, and metadata from the land cover classification. This database is now being developed using a Mapping Zone approach, with 66 Zones in the continental United States and 23 Zones in Alaska. Results from three initial mapping Zones show single-pixel land cover accuracies ranging from 73 to 77 percent, imperviousness accuracies ranging from 83 to 91 percent, tree canopy accuracies ranging from 78 to 93 percent, and an estimated 50 percent increase in mapping efficiency over previous methods. The database has now entered the production phase and is being created using extensive partnering in the Federal government with planned completion by 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.70.7.829","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Huang, C., Yang, L., Wylie, B.K., and Coan, M., 2004, Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 70, no. 7, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.70.7.829.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.70.7.829","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179808,"text":"70179808 - 2004 - Assessment of smolt condition: Biological and environmental interactions -- The impact of prey and predators on juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:53:48","indexId":"70179808","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of smolt condition: Biological and environmental interactions -- The impact of prey and predators on juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has funded the Assessment of Smolt Condition project since 1987. During that time the project changed frequently to meet the information needs of fish managers by conducting studies throughout the Columbia River basin. Past research has examined the influence of smolt physiological development and health on migration rate; differences in development and migration rates of smolts of hatchery or wild origins; and the impacts of hatchery practices on smolt development. The Smolt Assessment Project will not continue beyond 2004, and here we report on the final study of the project in which we used bioenergetics modeling to investigate predation on juvenile salmonids by northern pikeminnow, smallmouth bass, and walleye in the lower Columbia River reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service ","usgsCitation":"Sauter, S.T., Schrock, R.M., Petersen, J.H., and Maule, A.G., 2004, Assessment of smolt condition: Biological and environmental interactions -- The impact of prey and predators on juvenile salmonids, 40 p.; Appendix A.","productDescription":"40 p.; Appendix A","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/pacific/Climatechange/pdf/boise/Maule/Recommended%20Reading/Sauter%20et%20al%202004%20Bioenergetics%20&%20predation.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0642852783203,\n 45.62892474973852\n ],\n [\n -122.02926635742188,\n 45.599146119878384\n ],\n [\n -121.8548583984375,\n 45.65340822133457\n ],\n [\n -121.64337158203124,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -121.16958618164062,\n 45.565986795411405\n ],\n [\n -120.92514038085936,\n 45.622682153628226\n ],\n [\n -120.62301635742188,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -120.28106689453125,\n 45.678360745353004\n ],\n [\n -119.98580932617188,\n 45.77231259889579\n ],\n [\n -119.52301025390624,\n 45.85845573051733\n ],\n [\n -119.44885253906251,\n 45.88618457602257\n ],\n [\n -119.18380737304689,\n 45.91389958711687\n ],\n [\n -118.97232055664062,\n 45.9578329537186\n ],\n [\n -118.99703979492189,\n 46.010316293096196\n ],\n [\n -119.28817749023436,\n 45.9587876403564\n ],\n [\n -119.62875366210938,\n 45.944465613675035\n ],\n [\n -120.11352539062499,\n 45.82497145796607\n ],\n [\n -120.4486083984375,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -120.65185546875,\n 45.794339630460705\n ],\n [\n -121.0089111328125,\n 45.694669843547246\n ],\n [\n -121.1517333984375,\n 45.65820764745017\n ],\n [\n -121.28494262695311,\n 45.71001523943372\n ],\n [\n -121.46621704101562,\n 45.7387765043515\n ],\n [\n -121.78482055664061,\n 45.72727377526009\n ],\n [\n -121.86721801757812,\n 45.72727377526009\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 45.67740123855739\n ],\n [\n -122.04986572265624,\n 45.63900747494936\n ],\n [\n -122.0642852783203,\n 45.62892474973852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d73e4b01dfadfff1563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauter, Sally T. ssauter@usgs.gov","contributorId":2921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Sally","email":"ssauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schrock, Robin M.","contributorId":20845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maule, Alec G. amaule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"Alec","email":"amaule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205875,"text":"70205875 - 2004 - Urbanization impacts on the structure and function of forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T18:55:59","indexId":"70205875","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-30T18:53:30","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization impacts on the structure and function of forested wetlands","docAbstract":"The exponential increase in population has fueled a significant demographic shift: 60% of the Earth's population will live in urban areas by 2030. While this population growth is significant in its magnitude, the ecological footprint of natural resource consumption and use required to sustain urban populations is even greater. The land use and cover changes accompanying urbanization (increasing human habitation coupled with resource consumption and extensive landscape modification) impacts natural ecosystems at multiple spatial scales. Because they generally occupy lower landscape positions and are linked to other ecosystems through hydrologic connections, the cascading effects of habitat alteration on watershed hydrology and nutrient cycling are particularly detrimental to wetland ecosystems. I reviewed literature relevant to these effects of urbanization on the structure and function of forested wetlands. Hydrologic changes caused by habitat fragmentation generally reduce species richness and abundance of plants, macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and birds with greater numbers of invasives and exotics. Reduction in soil saturation and lowered water tables result in greater nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in urban wetlands with higher probability of NO−3 export from the watershed. Depressional forested wetlands in urban areas can function as important sinks for sediments, nutrients, and metals. As urban ecosystems become the predominant human condition, there is a critical need for data specific to urban forested wetlands in order to better understand the role of these ecosystems on the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:UECO.0000036269.56249.66","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S., 2004, Urbanization impacts on the structure and function of forested wetlands: Urban Ecosystems, v. 7, no. 2, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000036269.56249.66.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":146152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210584,"text":"70210584 - 2004 - Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T19:07:12.569482","indexId":"70210584","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-10T13:49:06","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"Geophysical information, including deep-crustal seismic reflection, magnetotelluric (mt), gravity, and magnetic data, cross the aftershock zone of the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake. These data and aftershock seismicity, jointly interpreted, reveal the crustal structure of the right-lateral-slip Denali fault and the eastern Alaska Range orogen, as well as the relationship between this structure and seismicity. North of the Denali fault, strong seismic reflections from within the Alaska Range orogen show features that dip as steeply as 25° north and extend downward to depths between 20 and 25 km. These reflections reveal crustal structures, probably ductile shear zones, that most likely formed during the Late Cretaceous, but these structures appear to be inactive, having produced little seismicity during the past 20 years. Furthermore, seismic reflections mainly dip north, whereas alignments in aftershock hypocenters dip south. The Denali fault is nonreflective, but modeling of mt, gravity, and magnetic data suggests that the Denali fault dips steeply to vertically. However, in an alternative structural model, the Denali fault is defined by one of the reflection bands that dips to the north and flattens into the middle crust of the Alaska Range orogen. Modeling of mt data indicates a rock body, having low electrical resistivity (>10 Ω·m), that lies mainly at depths greater than 10 km, directly beneath aftershocks of the Denali fault earthquake. The maximum depth of aftershocks along the Denali fault is 10 km. This shallow depth may arise from a higher-than-normal geothermal gradient. Alternatively, the low electrical resistivity of deep rocks along the Denali fault may be associated with fluids that have weakened the lower crust and helped determine the depth extent of the aftershock zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"SSA","doi":"10.1785/0120040613","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Ratchkovski, N., Nokleberg, W., Pellerin, L., and Glen, J.M., 2004, Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S107-S131, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040613.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"S107","endPage":"S131","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.798828125,\n 62.14497603754045\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 62.14497603754045\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -148.798828125,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -148.798828125,\n 62.14497603754045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N.","contributorId":89316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":204786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, Louise","contributorId":20824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170144,"text":"70170144 - 2004 - A national fish-tissue mercury model--Implications for monitoring program design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T10:46:43","indexId":"70170144","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"A national fish-tissue mercury model--Implications for monitoring program design","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"Minnesota Water 2004--Policy and planning to ensure Minnesota's water supplies","conferenceDate":"March 22-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wente, S.P., 2004, A national fish-tissue mercury model--Implications for monitoring program design, Minnesota Water 2004--Policy and planning to ensure Minnesota's water supplies, Minneapolis, MN, March 22-23, 2004, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572485afe4b0b13d391592d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wente, Stephen P.","contributorId":75226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161802,"text":"70161802 - 2004 - Evaluation of and insights from ALFISH: a spatially explicit landscape-level simulation of fish populations in the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T12:43:44","indexId":"70161802","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of and insights from ALFISH: a spatially explicit landscape-level simulation of fish populations in the Everglades","docAbstract":"We present an evaluation of a spatially explicit, age-structured model created to assess fish density dynamics in the Florida Everglades area. This model, ALFISH, has been used to compare alternative management scenarios for the Florida Everglades region. This area is characterized by periodic dry downs and refloodings. ALFISH uses spatially explicit water depth data to predict patterns of fish density. Here we present a method for calibration of ALFISH, based on information concerning fish movement, pond locations and other field data. With the current information, the greatest coefficient of determination achieved from regressions of ALFISH output to field data is 0.35 for fish density and 0.88 for water depth. The poor predictability of fish density mirrors the empirical findings that hydrology, which is the main driver of the model, only accounts for 20–40% of the variance of fish densities across the Everglades landscape. Sensitivity analyses indicate that fish in this system are very sensitive to frequency, size and location of permanent ponds as well as availability of prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027728.98923.e7","usgsCitation":"Gaff, H., Chick, J., Trexler, J., DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., and Salinas, R., 2004, Evaluation of and insights from ALFISH: a spatially explicit landscape-level simulation of fish populations in the Everglades: Hydrobiologia, v. 520, no. 1, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027728.98923.e7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 25.090573819461\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 26.89267909590814\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 26.89267909590814\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 25.090573819461\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 25.090573819461\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"520","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e48f9e4b0e7a44bc41914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaff, Holly","contributorId":92920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaff","given":"Holly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chick, John","contributorId":152078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chick","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel","contributorId":63914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, Louis","contributorId":152079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salinas, Rene","contributorId":99829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salinas","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":54046,"text":"cir1240 - 2004 - Water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin Alaska, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:32:13.718446","indexId":"cir1240","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1240","title":"Water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin Alaska, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1998?2001 assessment of water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms. This report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies; universities; public interest groups; or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Cook Inlet Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed at http://ak.water.usgs.gov. 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This report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.
The water-quality conditions in the Delaware River Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-jersey-water-science-center/science/delaware-river-basin-delr-nawqa-study-unit. Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report, in addition to reports in this series from other basins, can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1227","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Riva-Murray, K., Hickman, R.E., Chichester, D.C., Brightbill, R.A., Romanok, K., and Bilger, M.D., 2004, Water Quality in the Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1227, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1227.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5487,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1227/pdf/circular1227.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen 0000-0001-6683-2238 krmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2238","contributorId":2984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","email":"krmurray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chichester, Douglas C.","contributorId":83883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chichester","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M.","contributorId":6523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":55677,"text":"ofr20041216 - 2004 - Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-25T13:44:04","indexId":"ofr20041216","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1216","title":"Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041216","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B.F., 2004, Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1216, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041216.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041216.PNG"},{"id":5439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db67471b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":253970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54044,"text":"cir1228 - 2004 - Water Quality in the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"cir1228","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1228","title":"Water Quality in the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999-2001 assessment of water quality in the Delmarva Peninsula. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is assessed at many scales?from local ground-water flow paths to regional ground-water networks and in surface water?and is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in the Delmarva Peninsula are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies; universities; public interest groups; or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOther products describing water-quality conditions in the Delmarva Peninsula are available. Detailed technical information, data and analyses, methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report can be accessed from http://md.water.usgs.gov/delmarva. Other reports in this series and data collected from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1228","usgsCitation":"Denver, J., Ator, S.W., Debrewer, L.M., Ferrari, M., Barbaro, J.R., Hancock, T., Brayton, M.J., and Nardi, M.R., 2004, Water Quality in the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1228, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1228.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5486,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Debrewer, Linda M. 0000-0002-0511-4010 lmdebrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-4010","contributorId":5713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debrewer","given":"Linda","email":"lmdebrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hancock, Tracy C.","contributorId":55507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Tracy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brayton, Michael J. mbrayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brayton","given":"Michael","email":"mbrayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":54158,"text":"wri034336 - 2004 - Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:11","indexId":"wri034336","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4336","title":"Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Olmsted two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment-transport model was developed in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District. The model was used to estimate the effects that the phased-construction sequence and operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam had on sediment-transport patterns in the 11.9-mile study reach (Ohio River miles 962.6 to 974.5), particularly over an area of endangered orange-footed pearly mussel (Plethobasus cooperianus) beds beginning approximately 2 miles downstream of the dam construction. A Resource Management Associates?2 (RMA-2) two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the reach was calibrated to a middle-flow hydraulic survey (350,000 cubic feet per second) and verified with data collected during low- and high-flow hydraulic surveys (72,500 and 770,000 cubic feet per second, respectively). The calibration and validation process included matching water-surface elevations at the construction site and velocity profiles at 15 cross sections throughout the study reach.\r\n\r\nThe sediment-transport aspect of the project was simulated with the Waterways Experiment Station's Sed2D model for a 6-year planned-construction period (construction-phase modeling) and a subsequent 3-year operational period (operational-phase modeling). The sediment-transport results from the construction and operational models both were compared to results of concurrent baseline simulations to determine the changes in erosional and depositional patterns induced by the dam construction and operation throughout the study reach and more importantly over the area of the endangered mussel beds. \r\n\r\nSimulation of the phased-in-the-wet Olmsted Locks and Dam construction and subsequent operation period resulted in a maximum additional deposition of approximately 2 feet over a localized region of the mussel beds when compared to the bed change simulated with baseline conditions (river conditions that included only the completed locks section). Most areas on the mussel beds experienced less than 0.5 feet of cumulative bed change between the baseline and construction phases during the nine annual hydrographs. The bed change over the 9 year Olmsted Locks and Dam simulation reveals a continuous downstream progression and deepening of the main channel and deposition along the right bank with limited lateral migration toward the more densely populated mussel-bed areas. The sensitivity of the mussels to sediment deposition is difficult to quantify; therefore, the effect of simulated deposition on the welfare of the mussels is uncertain. The model also will provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers a tool to predict the locations of high deposition in navigable sections, which can save engineers time and resources when monitoring the need for dredging operations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034336","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., 2004, Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4336, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034336.","productDescription":"68 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034336/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54033,"text":"cir1230 - 2004 - Water quality in the upper Illinois River basin: Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T21:55:19.051975","indexId":"cir1230","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1230","title":"Water quality in the upper Illinois River basin: Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999?2001 assessment of water quality in the upper Illinois River Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public-interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report also is for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the upper Illinois River Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from (http://il.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/uirb). Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site at\r\n(http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1230","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., Arnold, T., Harris, M.A., Dupre, D.H., Fitzpatrick, F.A., Scudder, B.C., Morrow, W.S., Terrio, P.J., Warner, K., and Murphy, E., 2004, Water quality in the upper Illinois River basin: Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1230, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1230.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5475,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1230","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68274.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 40.4222\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 40.4222\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 40.4222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Mitchell A. maharris@usgs.gov","contributorId":1382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Mitchell","email":"maharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupre, David H. dhdupre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"David","email":"dhdupre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terrio, Paul J. 0000-0002-1515-9570 pjterrio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":3313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"Paul","email":"pjterrio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":54034,"text":"cir1229 - 2004 - Water quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:55","indexId":"cir1229","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1229","title":"Water quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999?2001 assessment of water quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Great and Little Miami River Basins summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from (http://oh.water.usgs.gov/miam/intro.html). Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report, in addition to reports in this series from other basins, can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1229","isbn":"0607964030 ","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G.L., Reutter, D., Runkle, D.L., Hambrook, J.A., Janosy, S.D., and Hwang, L.H., 2004, Water quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1229, vi, 40 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1229.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1229.jpg"},{"id":5476,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1229","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reutter, David C. dreutter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reutter","given":"David C.","email":"dreutter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hambrook, Julie A.","contributorId":74062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hambrook","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janosy, Stephanie D. sjanosy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janosy","given":"Stephanie","email":"sjanosy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hwang, Lee H.","contributorId":72453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":54148,"text":"b2209H - 2004 - Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: A review of potential analogs in modern sea-floor environments","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":54148,"text":"b2209H - 2004 - Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: A review of potential analogs in modern sea-floor environments","indexId":"b2209H","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: A review of potential analogs in modern sea-floor environments"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":44273,"text":"b2209 - 2003 - Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research","indexId":"b2209","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":44273,"text":"b2209 - 2003 - Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research","indexId":"b2209","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T19:55:27.103051","indexId":"b2209H","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2209","chapter":"H","title":"Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: A review of potential analogs in modern sea-floor environments","docAbstract":"The United States is a net importer of barite, a critical mineral for the oil and gas industry; more than 80 percent of current domestic consumption of barite is imported from China. Nearly all of the domestic production of barite comes from stratiform deposits in Nevada. The 'modern analogs' approach adopted in this review can contribute to improving deposit models and the long-term resource picture in the United States.\r\n\r\nMassive barite deposits in Nevada are interlayered with deep-water siliceous sedimentary strata of Paleozoic age within the Roberts Mountains Allochthon. Although the barite deposits formed along the long-lived, tectonically active margin of western North America before the Antler orogeny, uncertainty still exists regarding key aspects of their genesis, especially with respect to tectonic setting and depositional processes. Proposed tectonic settings include a continental slope adjacent to an ocean basin, and a rifted basin formed on continental crust. A margin dominated by other stress configurations\r\nand strike-slip faulting may also have been present during the Paleozoic. Hypotheses for the genesis of sediment-hosted, stratiform barite deposits in Nevada can be grouped into two categories: (1) a synsedimentary hydrothermal model and (2) an ocean-circulation/productivity-zone model. Both models include a stage involving bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate.\r\n\r\nDisseminated, diagenetic, and hydrothermal barite deposits are widespread features of the modern ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, disseminated barite deposits (max 9 weight percent BaSO4) are forming below high-productivity zones (for example, in equatorial belts) and on the flanks of ocean ridges (as fallout of 'black smoker' particles). Massive barite deposits of diagenetic (in the subsea floor and at cold seeps) and hydrothermal origins are present in several sediment-covered tectonic settings, including ocean ridges (Escanaba Trough and Guaymas Basin), oceanic transform faults (Blanco Fracture Zone), marginal basins (Sea of Okhotsk), convergent margins (Peru, Oregon, Alaska), and transform margins (California Continental Borderland). Both hydrothermal and diagenetic barite deposits may be present in some environments (for example, the California California Borderland).\r\n\r\nOn the basis of a consideration of tectonic settings and a comparison of deposit attributes (associated rock types, size, structure), mineralogy (BaSO4 content, SiO2 content), and geochemistry (S- and Sr-isotopic ratios) for modern and ancient massive barite deposits, cold seeps along transform margins (or, possibly, marginal basins) represent the most promising present-day metallogenetic analogs for stratiform barite. Hydrothermal systems can also produce high-grade barite, but the ubiquity of associated sulfide mineralization on the modern sea floor (and the paucity of sulfides in Nevada deposits) is problematic. On the basis of data from modern barite deposits, the presence of vent-specific faunas (tubeworms) and the variation in d34S values for barite (related to bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate) may not permit discrimination between a diagenetic or hydrothermal origin for ancient barite deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research (Bulletin 2209)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2209H","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Hein, J.R., 2004, Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: A review of potential analogs in modern sea-floor environments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2209, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2209H.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2209-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_66121.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 36.86204269508728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e565f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54108,"text":"cir1238 - 2004 - Water Quality in the Santa Ana Basin, California, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:38","indexId":"cir1238","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1238","title":"Water Quality in the Santa Ana Basin, California, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999-2001 assessment of water quality in the Santa Ana River Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live and how that water quality compares to other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Santa Ana River Basin summarized in this report are discussed\r\nin detail in other reports that can be accessed from http://ca.water.usgs.gov/ sana_nawqa/. Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to other reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1238","isbn":"0607964073","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., Hamlin, S.N., Burton, C., Kent, R., Fay, R.G., and Johnson, T.D., 2004, Water Quality in the Santa Ana Basin, California, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1238, vi, 37 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1238.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5547,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa55e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamlin, Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kent, Robert 0000-0003-4174-9467","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-9467","contributorId":20005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fay, Ronald G.","contributorId":78808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fay","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188 tyjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":1440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler","email":"tyjohns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}