This report contains the major findings of a 1999-2001 assessment of water quality in the Acadian-Pontchartrain Drainages Study Unit. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation. In these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms. This report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report also is for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to other areas across the Nation. The water-quality conditions in the Acadian-Pontchartrain Drainages Study Unit summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from (http://la.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/default.htm). Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to other reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1232","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D.K., Tollett, R.W., Mize, S.V., Skrobialowski, S.C., Fendick, R., Swarzenski, C.M., and Porter, S., 2004, Water quality in the Acadian-Pontchartrain drainages: Louisiana and Mississippi, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1232, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1232.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1232.jpg"},{"id":403868,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70813.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1232","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Acadian-Ponchartrain drainages","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.5833,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -88.8092,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -88.8092,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -93.5833,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -93.5833,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skrobialowski, Stanley C. 0000-0001-8627-0279 sski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0279","contributorId":1402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"Stanley","email":"sski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Porter, Stephen","contributorId":107767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":54158,"text":"wri034336 - 2004 - Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:11","indexId":"wri034336","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4336","title":"Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Olmsted two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment-transport model was developed in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District. The model was used to estimate the effects that the phased-construction sequence and operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam had on sediment-transport patterns in the 11.9-mile study reach (Ohio River miles 962.6 to 974.5), particularly over an area of endangered orange-footed pearly mussel (Plethobasus cooperianus) beds beginning approximately 2 miles downstream of the dam construction. A Resource Management Associates?2 (RMA-2) two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the reach was calibrated to a middle-flow hydraulic survey (350,000 cubic feet per second) and verified with data collected during low- and high-flow hydraulic surveys (72,500 and 770,000 cubic feet per second, respectively). The calibration and validation process included matching water-surface elevations at the construction site and velocity profiles at 15 cross sections throughout the study reach.\r\n\r\nThe sediment-transport aspect of the project was simulated with the Waterways Experiment Station's Sed2D model for a 6-year planned-construction period (construction-phase modeling) and a subsequent 3-year operational period (operational-phase modeling). The sediment-transport results from the construction and operational models both were compared to results of concurrent baseline simulations to determine the changes in erosional and depositional patterns induced by the dam construction and operation throughout the study reach and more importantly over the area of the endangered mussel beds. \r\n\r\nSimulation of the phased-in-the-wet Olmsted Locks and Dam construction and subsequent operation period resulted in a maximum additional deposition of approximately 2 feet over a localized region of the mussel beds when compared to the bed change simulated with baseline conditions (river conditions that included only the completed locks section). Most areas on the mussel beds experienced less than 0.5 feet of cumulative bed change between the baseline and construction phases during the nine annual hydrographs. The bed change over the 9 year Olmsted Locks and Dam simulation reveals a continuous downstream progression and deepening of the main channel and deposition along the right bank with limited lateral migration toward the more densely populated mussel-bed areas. The sensitivity of the mussels to sediment deposition is difficult to quantify; therefore, the effect of simulated deposition on the welfare of the mussels is uncertain. The model also will provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers a tool to predict the locations of high deposition in navigable sections, which can save engineers time and resources when monitoring the need for dredging operations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034336","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., 2004, Results of a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Sediment-Transport Model to Predict the Effects of the Phased Construction and Operation of the Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River near Olmsted, Illinois (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4336, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034336.","productDescription":"68 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034336/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54133,"text":"sir20045014 - 2004 - Simulated interaction between freshwater and saltwater and effects of ground-water pumping and sea-level change, lower Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T14:16:48","indexId":"sir20045014","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5014","title":"Simulated interaction between freshwater and saltwater and effects of ground-water pumping and sea-level change, lower Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Cape Cod Commission, and the Towns of Eastham, Provincetown, Truro, and Wellfleet, began an investigation in 2000 to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the four freshwater lenses of the Lower Cape Cod aquifer system and to assess the effects of changing ground-water pumping, recharge conditions, and sea level on ground-water flow in Lower Cape Cod, Massachusetts.\r\n\r\nA numerical flow model was developed with the computer code SEAWAT to assist in the analysis of freshwater and saltwater flow. Model simulations were used to determine water budgets, flow directions, and the position and movement of the freshwater/saltwater interface.\r\n\r\nModel-calculated water budgets indicate that approximately 68 million gallons per day of freshwater recharge the Lower Cape Cod aquifer system with about 68 percent of this water moving through the aquifer and discharging directly to the coast, 31 percent flowing through the aquifer, discharging to streams, and then reaching the coast as surface-water discharge, and the remaining 1 percent discharging to public-supply wells. The distribution of streamflow varies greatly among flow lenses and streams; in addition, the subsurface geology greatly affects the position and movement of the underlying freshwater/saltwater interface. \r\n\r\nThe depth to the freshwater/saltwater interface varies throughout the study area and is directly proportional to the height of the water table above sea level. Simulated increases in sea level appear to increase water levels and streamflows throughout the Lower Cape Cod aquifer system, and yet decrease the depth to the freshwater/saltwater interface. The resulting change in water levels and in the depth to the freshwater/saltwater interface from sea-level rise varies throughout the aquifer system and is controlled largely by non-tidal freshwater streams.\r\n\r\nPumping from large-capacity municipal-supply wells increases the potential for effects on surface-water bodies, which are affected by pumping and wastewater-disposal locations and rates. Pumping wells that are upgradient of surface-water bodies potentially capture water that would otherwise discharge to these surface-water bodies, thereby reducing streamflow and pond levels. Kettle-hole ponds, such as Duck Pond in Wellfleet, that are near the top of a freshwater flow lens, appear to be more susceptible to changing pumping and recharge conditions than kettle-hole ponds closer to the coast or near discharge boundaries, such as the Herring River.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045014","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., 2004, Simulated interaction between freshwater and saltwater and effects of ground-water pumping and sea-level change, lower Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5014, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045014.","productDescription":"78 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5014.jpg"},{"id":5580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f31c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55677,"text":"ofr20041216 - 2004 - Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-25T13:44:04","indexId":"ofr20041216","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1216","title":"Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041216","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B.F., 2004, Glossary of glacier terminology: a glossary providing the vocabulary necessary to understand the modern glacier environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1216, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041216.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041216.PNG"},{"id":5439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db67471b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":253970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54011,"text":"cir1233 - 2004 - Water quality in the lower Tennessee River Basin, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Georgia, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T19:57:04.314055","indexId":"cir1233","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1233","title":"Water quality in the lower Tennessee River Basin, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Georgia, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999?2001 assessment of water quality in the Lower Tennessee River Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Lower Tennessee River Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from the Lower Tennessee River Basin Web site (http://tn.water.usgs.gov/lten/lten.html). Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1233","isbn":"0607922478","usgsCitation":"Woodside, M., Hoos, A.B., Kingsbury, J.A., Powell, J.R., Knight, R., Garrett, J.W., Mitchell, R.L., and Robinson, J.A., 2004, Water quality in the lower Tennessee River Basin, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Georgia, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1233, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1233.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":108189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrett, Jerry W. 0000-0003-1772-2459 jwgarret@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-2459","contributorId":58627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jerry","email":"jwgarret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mitchell, Reavis L. III","contributorId":78401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Reavis","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robinson, John A. 0000-0001-8002-4237 jarobin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4237","contributorId":1105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"jarobin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":248904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":54046,"text":"cir1240 - 2004 - Water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin Alaska, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:32:13.718446","indexId":"cir1240","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1240","title":"Water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin Alaska, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1998?2001 assessment of water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms. This report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies; universities; public interest groups; or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Cook Inlet Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed at http://ak.water.usgs.gov. Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report, in addition to reports in this series from other basins, can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1240","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., Brabets, T.P., Frenzel, S.A., Whitman, M.S., and Ourso, R.T., 2004, Water quality in the Cook Inlet Basin Alaska, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1240, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1240.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68279.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.390625,\n 58.56252272853734\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 58.56252272853734\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 62.61356210229029\n ],\n [\n -155.390625,\n 62.61356210229029\n ],\n [\n -155.390625,\n 58.56252272853734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, Roy L.","contributorId":86813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":249039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":54010,"text":"cir1231 - 2004 - Water quality in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T21:16:10.89706","indexId":"cir1231","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1231","title":"Water quality in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999?2001 assessment of water quality in the Mobile River Basin. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings in 51 major river basins and aquifer systems across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, State, and regional issues. Conditions in a particular basin or aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality and the protection of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or in the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as the effects of agricultural and urban land use on water quality, human health, drinking water, source-water protection, hypoxia and excessive growth of algae and plants, pesticide registration, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of streams and ground water in areas near where they live, and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the Nation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the Mobile River Basin summarized in this report are discussed in detail in other reports that can be accessed from the Mobile River Basin Web site (http://al.water.usgs.gov/pubs/mobl/mobl.html). Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1231","isbn":"0607964057","usgsCitation":"Atkins, J.B., Zappia, H., Robinson, J.L., McPherson, A.K., Moreland, R.S., Harned, D.A., Johnston, B.F., and Harvill, J.S., 2004, Water quality in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1231, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1231.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1231.jpg"},{"id":392202,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68275.htm"},{"id":5450,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1231","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":380763,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1231/pdf/circular1231.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mobile River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 30.514949045177705\n ],\n [\n -88.450927734375,\n 30.514949045177705\n ],\n [\n -88.670654296875,\n 31.45678247211426\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875001,\n 32.10118973232092\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515625,\n 32.620870183181104\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 33.63291573870476\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 34.597041516144145\n ],\n [\n -88.83544921875,\n 34.70549341022547\n ],\n [\n -88.582763671875,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -87.49511718749999,\n 34.7416124988317\n ],\n [\n -86.63269042968751,\n 34.687427949314824\n ],\n [\n -86.06689453125,\n 34.56085936708382\n ],\n [\n -84.94079589843751,\n 34.755153088189324\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 34.9715003336173\n ],\n [\n -84.320068359375,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875001,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 34.2889918650375\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 33.7837130554728\n ],\n [\n -85.17150878906249,\n 33.289211884431396\n ],\n [\n -85.46264648437501,\n 32.403153791403575\n ],\n [\n -85.572509765625,\n 32.115148622612445\n ],\n [\n -85.7427978515625,\n 31.994100723260804\n ],\n [\n -86.08337402343749,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -86.50634765625,\n 31.812229022640704\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640624999,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 30.514949045177705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9abd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkins, J. Brian","contributorId":49781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zappia, Humbert","contributorId":79093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"Humbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, James L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McPherson, Ann K.","contributorId":15240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moreland, Richard S. rsmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":3877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Richard","email":"rsmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, Brett F.","contributorId":50223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvill, John S.","contributorId":97566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvill","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":53438,"text":"wri034199 - 2004 - Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:57:07","indexId":"wri034199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4199","title":"Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A box model to simulate water volume and salinity of a salt pond has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to obtain water and salinity budgets. The model, SPOOM, uses the principle of conservation of mass to calculate daily pond volume and salinity and includes a salt crystallization and dissolution algorithm. Model inputs include precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, and water transfers. Salinity and water-surface-elevation data were collected monthly in the Napa-Sonoma Salt-Pond Complex from February 1999 through September 2001 and were used to calibrate and validate the model. The months when water transfers occurred were known but the magnitudes were unknown, so the magnitudes of water transfers were adjusted in the model to calibrate simulated pond volumes to measured pond volumes for three ponds. Modeled salinity was then compared with measured salinity, which remained a free parameter, in order to validate the model. Comparison showed good correlation between modeled and measured salinity. Deviations can be attributed to lack of water-transfer information. Water and salinity budgets obtained through modeling will be used to help interpret ecological data from the ponds. This model has been formulated to be applicable to the Napa-Sonoma salt ponds, but can be applied to other salt ponds.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034199","usgsCitation":"Lionberger, M.L., Schoellhamer, D., Buchanan, P.A., and Meyer, S., 2004, Salt-Pond Box Model (SPOOM) and Its Application to the Napa-Sonoma Salt Ponds, San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4199, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034199.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lionberger, Megan L.","contributorId":50966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Scott","contributorId":16920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53807,"text":"wri034273 - 2004 - Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"wri034273","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4273","title":"Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Fernandina permeable zone contains brackish water in parts of Duval County, Florida. Upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone to the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer increases chloride concentrations in ground water in parts of Duval County. Numerical models of the ground-water flow system in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida, were used to (1) estimate the vertical flows between the low-quality water of the Fernandina permeable zone and the high-quality water of the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of Deerwood 3 and Brierwood well fields, based on 2000 ground-water withdrawal rates; (2) determine how such vertical flows change as several scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods are simulated in the two well fields; and (3) evaluate the effects of changes in less certain hydraulic parameters on the vertical flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. The ground-water flow system was simulated with a four-layer model using MODFLOW-2000, which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The first layer consists of specified-head cells simulating the surficial aquifer system with prescribed water levels. The second layer simulates the Upper Floridan aquifer. The third and fourth layers simulate the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the Fernandina permeable zone, respectively. Average flow conditions in 2000 were approximated with a steady-state simulation. The changes in upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone due to periods of injections and withdrawals were analyzed with transient simulations. The grid used for the ground-water flow model was uniform and composed of square 250-foot cells, with 400 columns and 400 rows. \r\n\r\nThe active model area encompasses about 360 square miles in parts of Duval, St. Johns, and Clay Counties, Florida. Ground-water flow simulation was limited vertically to the bottom of the Fernandina permeable zone. The steady-state ground-water flow model was calibrated using time-averaged 2000 heads at 20 control points. Environmental-water heads in the Fernandina permeable zone were calculated for wells with variable water density. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer, and the Fernandina permeable zone, and the leakance of the intermediate confining unit, the middle semiconfining unit, and the semiconfining unit were obtained from regional ground-water flow models and adjusted until a reasonable fit between simulated and computed heads was obtained. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated hydraulic properties from the steady-state ground-water flow model, and the calibrated storage coefficient from the transient model, were used to simulate hypothetical transient scenarios of injection, withdrawal, and intervening rest periods to assess changes in flow between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Based on the simulated flows between the Fernandina permeable zone and the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and the 18 million gallons per day of water available for injection, the reversal of the prevailing upward flow from the Fernandina permeable zone was not achieved. However, steady-state and transient simulations indicate that the upward flow of water from the Fernandina permeable zone could be reduced by as much as 64 percent, from 0.11 to 0.04 cubic foot per second, if only injection periods are simulated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034273","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., and Spechler, R.M., 2004, Evaluation of the Feasibility of Freshwater Injection Wells in Mitigating Ground-Water Quality Degradation at Selected Well Fields in Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4273, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034273.","productDescription":"59 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri03_4273_sepulveda.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e422d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69767,"text":"i2798 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2798","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2798","title":"Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2798","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Southwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/252E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2798, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2798.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2798/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69766,"text":"i2797 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2797","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2797","title":"Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2797","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Southeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 10/257E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2797, map, 28 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2797.","productDescription":"map, 28 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2797/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69764,"text":"i2795 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2795","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2795","title":"Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2795","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Northwest Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/252E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2795, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2795.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2795/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69765,"text":"i2796 - 2004 - Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:51","indexId":"i2796","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2796","title":"Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 meters. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2796","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Topographic Map of the Northeast Ascraeus Mons Region of Mars - MTM 500k 15/257E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2796, map, 27 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2796.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2796/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53706,"text":"wri034323 - 2004 - Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T14:33:22","indexId":"wri034323","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4323","title":"Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Galena Fire burned about 16,788 acres of primarily ponderosa pine forest during July 5-8, 1988, in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. The fire burned primarily within the Grace Coolidge Creek drainage basin and almost entirely within the boundaries of Custer State Park. A U.S. Geological Survey gaging station with streamflow records dating back to 1977 was located along Grace Coolidge Creek within the burned area. About one-half of the gaging station's 26.8-square-mile drainage area was burned. The drainage basin for Bear Gulch, which is tributary to Grace Coolidge Creek, was burned particularly severely, with complete deforestation occurring in nearly the entirety of the area upstream from a gaging station that was installed in 1989.\r\n\r\nA study to evaluate effects of the Galena Fire on streamflow, geomorphology, and water quality was initiated in 1988. The geomorphologic and water-quality components of the study were completed by 1990 and are summarized in this report. A data-collection network consisting of streamflow- and precipitation-gaging stations was operated through water year 1998 for evaluation of effects on streamflow characteristics, including both annual-yield and peak-flow characteristics, which are the main focus of this report.\r\n\r\nModerately burned areas did not experience a substantial increase in the rate of surface erosion; however, severely burned areas underwent surficial erosion nearly twice that of the unburned areas. The sediment production rate of Bear Gulch estimated 8 to 14 months after the fire was 870 ft3/acre (44 tons/acre). Substantial degradation of stream channels within the severely burned headwater areas of Bear Gulch was documented. Farther downstream, channel aggradation resulted from deposition of sediments transported from the headwater areas.\r\n\r\nThe most notable water-quality effect was on concentrations of suspended sediment, which were orders of magnitude higher for Bear Gulch than for the unburned control area. Effects on several other water-quality constituents, such as organic carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient constituents, probably were influenced by the large concentrations of suspended matter that were documented in initial post-fire, storm-flow events. The first post-fire stormflow produced the highest measured concentrations of specific conductance, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, and sulfate in the burned areas. For most constituents sampled, differences in concentrations between burned and unburned areas were no longer discernible within about 1 year following the Galena Fire.\r\n\r\nThe effects of the Galena Fire on annual-yield characteristics of Grace Coolidge Creek were evaluated primarily from comparisons with long-term streamflow records for Battle Creek, which is hydrogeologically similar and is located immediately to the north. Annual yield for Grace Coolidge Creek increased by about 20 percent as a result of the fire. This estimate was based on relations between annual yield for Grace Coolidge Creek and Battle Creek for pre- and post-burn periods. Many of the post-burn data points are well beyond the range of the pre-burn data, which is a source of uncertainty for this estimate.\r\n\r\nSubstantial increases in peak-flow characteristics for severely burned drainages were visually apparent from numerous post-fire field observations. Various analyses of streamflow data indicated substantial increases in peak-flow response for burned drainage areas; however, quantification of effects was particularly difficult because peak-flow response diminished quickly and returned to a generally pre-burn condition by about 1991. Field observations of vegetation and analysis of remotely sensed data indicated that establishment of grasses and forbs occurred within a similar timeframe. Comparison of pre-fire peak flows to post-1991 peak flows indicates that these grasses and forbs were equally effective in suppressing peak flows ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034323","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., Carter, J.M., and Ohlen, D.O., 2004, Hydrologic Effects of the 1988 Galena Fire, Black Hills Area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4323, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034323.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5048,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034323/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338666,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034323/pdf/wri034323.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54024,"text":"ofr20041089 - 2004 - The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041089","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1089","title":"The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has generated a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and shoreline change rates for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. These data, which are presented herein, were compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. Beach erosion is a chronic problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information including rates and trends of shoreline migration. There is also a critical need for shoreline change data that is consistent from one coastal region to another. One purpose of this work is to develop standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally that are systematic and internally consistent.\r\n\r\nThis data compilation for open-ocean, sandy shorelines of the Gulf of Mexico is the first in a series that will eventually include the Atlantic Coast, Pacific Coast, and parts of Hawaii and Alaska. Short- and long-term shoreline change evaluations are based on merging three historical shorelines with a modern shoreline derived from lidar (light detection and ranging) topographic surveys. Historical shorelines generally represent the following time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, and 1970s. The most recent shoreline is derived from data collected over the period of 1998-2002. Long-term rates of change are calculated by linear regression using all four shorelines. Short-term rates of change are simple end-point rate calculations using the two most recent shorelines. Please refer to our full report on shoreline change in the Gulf of Mexico, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 1, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (USGS Open File Report 2004-1043) for additional information regarding methods and results.\r\n\r\nData in this report are organized into data layers by state and are provided as single-point vector datasets with metadata. Vector shorelines may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources and these sources are attributed in the dataset. All data are intended to be GIS-ready inasmuch as the data should not require any additional cleanup, formatting, or renaming of fields in order to use the data in a Geographic Information System (GIS). This project employs the Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) ArcView as its GIS mapping tool and contains several data layers (or themes) that are used to create a geographic view of the margin off the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. These vector data form a basemap comprised of polygon and line themes that include a U.S. coastline (1:80,000), U.S. cities, and state boundaries.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041089","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.L., Morton, R., Sallenger, A., and Moore, L.J., 2004, The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1089, Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041089.","productDescription":"Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"80000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Tara L.","contributorId":56302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Laura J.","contributorId":39452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54151,"text":"ofr20041194 - 2004 - Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T08:08:04","indexId":"ofr20041194","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1194","title":"Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"In conjunction with integrated mapping of the Oligocene central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado (USGS I-Map 2799, in press), all modern chemical analyses of volcanic rocks for this area determined in laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey have been re-evaluated in terms of the stratigraphic sequence as presently understood. These include approximately 700 unpublished analyses made between 1986 and 2003, as well as all USGS analyses published since 1965 when the widespread presence of regional welded ash-flow tuffs erupted from large calderas was first recognized. All the analyses are assigned unit identifiers consistent with those used for the new geologic map; quite a few of these differ from those used on sample submittal forms and in prior USGS publications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041194","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., 2004, Chemical analyses of tertiary volcanic rocks, central San Juan caldera complex, southwestern Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1194, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041194.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.14141845703124,\n 37.60879203604432\n ],\n [\n -106.68411254882812,\n 37.60879203604432\n ],\n [\n -106.68411254882812,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -107.14141845703124,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -107.14141845703124,\n 37.60879203604432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53397,"text":"sir20045012 - 2004 - Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"sir20045012","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5012","title":"Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC), has developed a water-quality model, called SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes), to assist in regional total maximum daily load (TMDL) and nutrient-criteria activities in New England. SPARROW is a spatially detailed, statistical model that uses regression equations to relate total nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrient) stream loads to nutrient sources and watershed characteristics. The statistical relations in these equations are then used to predict nutrient loads in unmonitored streams.\r\n\r\nThe New England SPARROW models are built using a hydrologic network of 42,000 stream reaches and associated watersheds. Watershed boundaries are defined for each stream reach in the network through the use of a digital elevation model and existing digitized watershed divides. Nutrient source data is from permitted wastewater discharge data from USEPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS), various land-use sources, and atmospheric deposition. Physical watershed characteristics include drainage area, land use, streamflow, time-of-travel, stream density, percent wetlands, slope of the land surface, and soil permeability. \r\n\r\nThe New England SPARROW models for total nitrogen and total phosphorus have R-squared values of 0.95 and 0.94, with mean square errors of 0.16 and 0.23, respectively. Variables that were statistically significant in the total nitrogen model include permitted municipal-wastewater discharges, atmospheric deposition, agricultural area, and developed land area. Total nitrogen stream-loss rates were significant only in streams with average annual flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second. In streams larger than this, there is nondetectable in-stream loss of annual total nitrogen in New England. Variables that were statistically significant in the total phosphorus model include discharges for municipal wastewater-treatment facilities and pulp and paper facilities, developed land area, agricultural area, and forested area. For total phosphorus, loss rates were significant for reservoirs with surface areas of 10 square kilometers or less, and in streams with flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second.\r\n\r\nApplications of SPARROW for evaluating nutrient loading in New England waters include estimates of the spatial distributions of total nitrogen and phosphorus yields, sources of the nutrients, and the potential for delivery of those yields to receiving waters. This information can be used to (1) predict ranges in nutrient levels in surface waters, (2) identify the environmental variables that are statistically significant predictors of nutrient levels in streams, (3) evaluate monitoring efforts for better determination of nutrient loads, and (4) evaluate management options for reducing nutrient loads to achieve water-quality goals.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045012","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Johnston, C.M., Robinson, K.W., and Deacon, J.R., 2004, Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5012, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045012.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Richard Bridge","contributorId":90712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Keith W. kwrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","email":"kwrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53858,"text":"wri034267 - 2004 - Estimating hydraulic properties of the Floridan Aquifer System by analysis of earth-tide, ocean-tide, and barometric effects, Collier and Hendry Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T10:23:31","indexId":"wri034267","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4267","title":"Estimating hydraulic properties of the Floridan Aquifer System by analysis of earth-tide, ocean-tide, and barometric effects, Collier and Hendry Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"Aquifers are subjected to mechanical stresses from natural, non-anthropogenic, processes such as pressure loading or mechanical forcing of the aquifer by ocean tides, earth tides, and pressure fluctuations in the atmosphere. The resulting head fluctuations are evident even in deep confined aquifers. The present study was conducted for the purpose of reviewing the research that has been done on the use of these phenomena for estimating the values of aquifer properties, and determining which of the analytical techniques might be useful for estimating hydraulic properties in the dissolved-carbonate hydrologic environment of southern Florida. Fifteen techniques are discussed in this report, of which four were applied.
An analytical solution for head oscillations in a well near enough to the ocean to be influenced by ocean tides was applied to data from monitor zones in a well near Naples, Florida. The solution assumes a completely non-leaky confining unit of infinite extent. Resulting values of transmissivity are in general agreement with the results of aquifer performance tests performed by the South Florida Water Management District. There seems to be an inconsistency between results of the amplitude ratio analysis and independent estimates of loading efficiency. A more general analytical solution that takes leakage through the confining layer into account yielded estimates that were lower than those obtained using the non-leaky method, and closer to the South Florida Water Management District estimates. A numerical model with a cross-sectional grid design was applied to explore additional aspects of the problem.
A relation between specific storage and the head oscillation observed in a well provided estimates of specific storage that were considered reasonable. Porosity estimates based on the specific storage estimates were consistent with values obtained from measurements on core samples. Methods are described for determining aquifer diffusivity by comparing the time-varying drawdown in an open well with periodic pressure-head oscillations in the aquifer, but the applicability of such methods might be limited in studies of the Floridan aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034267","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 2004, Estimating hydraulic properties of the Floridan Aquifer System by analysis of earth-tide, ocean-tide, and barometric effects, Collier and Hendry Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4267, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034267.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4692,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":351003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034267/wri03_4267.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034267/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Collier County, Hendry County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 25.809781975840405\n ],\n [\n -80.87860107421875,\n 25.809781975840405\n ],\n [\n -80.87860107421875,\n 26.76768285044102\n ],\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 26.76768285044102\n ],\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 25.809781975840405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53956,"text":"wri034242 - 2004 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:27:50.254958","indexId":"wri034242","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4242","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system is considered to be a valuable source for agricultural and municipal water supply in Martin and St. Lucie Counties, despite its brackish water. Increased withdrawals, however, could increase salinity and threaten the quality of withdrawn water. The Floridan aquifer system consists of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and dolomite and is divided into three hydrogeologic units: the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer. An informal geologic unit at the top of the Upper Floridan aquifer, referred to as the basal Hawthorn/Suwannee unit, is bound above by a marker unit in the Hawthorn Group and at its base by the Ocala Limestone; a map of this unit shows an area where substantial eastward thickening begins near the coast. This change in thickness is used to divide the study area into inland and coastal areas.
In the Upper Floridan aquifer, an area of elevated chloride concentration greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter and water temperature greater than 28 degrees Celsius exists in the inland area and trends northwest through north-central Martin County and western St. Lucie County. A structural feature coincides with this area of greater salinity and water temperature; this feature is marked by a previously mapped northwest-trending basement fault and, based on detailed mapping in this study of the structure at the top of the basal Hawthorn/Suwannee unit, an apparent southeast-trending trough. Higher hydraulic head also has been mapped in this northwest-trending area. Another area of high chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer occurs in the southern part of the coastal area (in eastern Martin County and northeastern Palm Beach County); chloride concentration in this area is more than 2,000 milligrams per liter and is as great as 8,000 milligrams per liter.
A dissolved-solids concentration of less than 10,000 milligrams per liter defines the brackish-water zone in the Floridan aquifer system; the top and base of this zone are present at the top of the aquifer system and within the Lower Floridan aquifer, respectively. The base of the brackish-water zone, which can approximate a brackish-water/saltwater interface, was determined in 13 wells, mostly using resistivity geophysical logs. The depth to the saltwater interface was calculated using the Ghyben-Herzberg approximation and estimated predevelopment hydraulic heads in the Upper Floridan aquifer. In five of six inland area wells, the depth to the base of the brackish-water zone was substantially shallower than the estimated predevelopment interface (260 feet or greater), whereas in five of seven coastal area wells, the difference was not large (less than about 140 feet). Confining units in the inland area, such as dense dolomite, may prevent an interface from forming at its equilibrium position. Because of head decline, the calculated interface using recent (May 2001) water levels is as much as 640 ft above the base of the brackish water zone (in the northern part of the coastal area).
Isotopic data collected during this study, including deuterium and oxygen-18 (18O/16O), the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86, and carbon-13 (13C/12C) and carbon-14, provide evidence for differences in the Floridan aquifer system ground-water geochemistry and its evolution between inland and coastal areas. Ground water from the inland area tends to be older than water from the coastal area, particularly where inland area water temperature is elevated. Isotopic data together with an anomalous vertical distribution of salinity in the coastal area indicate that the coastal area was invaded with seawater in relatively recent geologic time, and this water has not been completely flushed out by the modern-day flow system.
Upward leakage from the Lower to Upper Floridan aquifer of high salinity water occurs through structural deformities, such as faults or fracture zones or associated dissolution features in the inland area. An upward trend in salinity is indicated in 16 monitoring wells in the inland area, and agricultural withdrawals are probably causing these increases. Most of these wells are located in areas of elevated Upper Floridan aquifer ground-water temperature. Areas of higher water temperature could represent areas of greater potential for increases in salinity. More detailed mapping of the structure of the uppermost geologic units in the aquifer system could better define areas of deformation. Additionally, high potential exists in much of the study area for upward or lateral movement of the saltwater interface because of large declines in hydraulic head since predevelopment. The northern part of the coastal area has the greatest potential for movement; however, upward movement of the interface in the coastal area could be retarded by low vertical permeability. The potential for upward or lateral movement of the interface in the southern part of the coastal area seems to be low, but structural deformation could be present in northeastern Palm Beach County, allowing for localized upward leakage of saltwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034242","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 2004, Hydrogeology, water quality, and distribution and sources of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4242, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034242.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411815,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_65980.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Martin County, St. Lucia County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.94612253012512,\n 27.70508757772393\n ],\n [\n -80.94612253012512,\n 26.96735155553246\n ],\n [\n -80.08150625819235,\n 26.96735155553246\n ],\n [\n -80.08150625819235,\n 27.70508757772393\n ],\n [\n -80.94612253012512,\n 27.70508757772393\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184586,"text":"70184586 - 2004 - Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:54:58","indexId":"70184586","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"Micrometeorological measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) often are affected to some degree by errors arising from limited fetch. A recently developed model was used to estimate fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of ET made at a small wetland with fetch-to-height ratios ranging from 34 to 49. Estimated errors were small, averaging −1.90%±0.59%. The small errors are attributed primarily to the near-zero lower sensor height, and the negative bias reflects the greater Bowen ratios of the drier surrounding upland. Some of the variables and parameters affecting the error were not measured, but instead are estimated. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the uncertainty arising from these estimates is small. In general, fetch-induced error in measured wetland ET increases with decreasing fetch-to-height ratio, with increasing aridity and with increasing atmospheric stability over the wetland. Occurrence of standing water at a site is likely to increase the appropriate time step of data integration, for a given level of accuracy. Occurrence of extensive open water can increase accuracy or decrease the required fetch by allowing the lower sensor to be placed at the water surface. If fetch is highly variable and fetch-induced errors are significant, the variables affecting fetch (e.g., wind direction, water level) need to be measured. Fetch-induced error during the non-growing season may be greater or smaller than during the growing season, depending on how seasonal changes affect both the wetland and upland at a site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0498:EOFEIB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.L., Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., and Parkhurst, R.S., 2004, Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 498-513, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0498:EOFEIB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"498","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"North Dakota","county":"Williams County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake 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David L.","contributorId":187991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, Renee S. rparkhur@usgs.gov","contributorId":4719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"Renee","email":"rparkhur@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":682131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184610,"text":"70184610 - 2004 - Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T13:01:15","indexId":"70184610","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"The Bemidji aquifer in Minnesota, USA is a well-studied site of subsurface petroleum contamination. The site contains an anoxic groundwater plume where soluble petroleum constituents serve as an energy source for a region of methanogenesis near the source and bacterial Fe(III) reduction further down gradient. Methanogenesis apparently begins when bioavailable Fe(III) is exhausted within the sediment. Past studies indicate that Geobacter species and Geothrix fermentens-like organisms are the primary dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria at this site. The Fe mineralogy of the pristine aquifer sediments and samples from the methanogenic (source) and Fe(III) reducing zones were characterized in this study to identify microbiologic changes to Fe valence and mineral distribution, and to identify whether new biogenic mineral phases had formed. Methods applied included X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and chemical extraction; optical, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy; and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
All of the sediments were low in total Fe content (≈ 1%) and exhibited complex Fe-mineralogy. The bulk pristine sediment and its sand, silt, and clay-sized fractions were studied in detail. The pristine sediments contained Fe(II) and Fe(III) mineral phases. Ferrous iron represented approximately 50% of FeTOT. The relative Fe(II) concentration increased in the sand fraction, and its primary mineralogic residence was clinochlore with minor concentrations found as a ferroan calcite grain cement in carbonate lithic fragments. Fe(III) existed in silicates (epidote, clinochlore, muscovite) and Fe(III) oxides of detrital and authigenic origin. The detrital Fe(III) oxides included hematite and goethite in the form of mm-sized nodular concretions and smaller-sized dispersed crystallites, and euhedral magnetite grains. Authigenic Fe(III) oxides increased in concentration with decreasing particle size through the silt and clay fraction. Chemical extraction and Mössbauer analysis indicated that this was a ferrihydrite like-phase. Quantitative mineralogic and Fe(II/III) ratio comparisons between the pristine and contaminated sediments were not possible because of textural differences. However, comparisons between the texturally-similar source (where bioavailable Fe(III) had been exhausted) and Fe(III) reducing zone sediments (where bioavailable Fe(III) remained) indicated that dispersed detrital, crystalline Fe(III) oxides and a portion of the authigenic, poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide fraction had been depleted from the source zone sediment by microbiologic activity. Little or no effect of microbiologic activity was observed on silicate Fe(III). The presence of residual “ferrihydrite” in the most bioreduced, anoxic plume sediment (source) implied that a portion of the authigenic Fe(III) oxides were biologically inaccessible in weathered, lithic fragment interiors. Little evidence was found for the modern biogenesis of authigenic ferrous-containing mineral phases, perhaps with the exception of thin siderite or ferroan calcite surface precipitates on carbonate lithic fragments within source zone sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022","usgsCitation":"Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K., Glassman, P.L., Dohnalkova, A., Fredrickson, J.K., and Anderson, T., 2004, Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 8, p. 1971-1805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1805","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c941e4b0f37a93ee9b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kukkadapu, Ravi K.","contributorId":188091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kukkadapu","given":"Ravi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glassman, Paul L.","contributorId":188092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glassman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohnalkova, Alice","contributorId":188093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dohnalkova","given":"Alice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredrickson, Jim K.","contributorId":188094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178648,"text":"70178648 - 2004 - Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:04:25","indexId":"70178648","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors","docAbstract":"Many factors other than a species' actual abundance can affect mist-net capture rates. We used ANCOVA models to quantify some potential biases and control their effects, producing adjusted estimates of capture rates that are more directly comparable among mist-net stations. Data came from 46 two-day mist-net sessions from September 1990 to May 1992 at six subtropical forest stations in the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, northwest Belize. Factors evaluated included canopy height at net sites, long-term net shyness (days elapsed between first and last netting day of the entire study period), season (wet vs. dry), total rainfall during a netting session, and temperature. Number of individuals and species captured/10 net-h declined at each net with increasing canopy height above the net. Capture rates differed significantly among some of the stations. Elapsed days and rainfall caused significant bias in capture rates, which were statistically controlled within the ANCOVA, whereas season and temperature did not. Capture rates varied among sessions, but there was a slight and significant decline over the entire study period for all stations combined. Rainfall significantly depressed capture rates somewhat on a daily basis, but capture rates did not differ between wet and dry seasons. When we replaced the station variable in the ANCOVA with mean canopy height, the model was still highly significant, but did not explain as much of the variation in capture rates. Statistical analysis provides an objective means of interpreting data and estimating reliability, but only if statistical assumptions of the analyses are met. We discuss the need for including randomization in the experimental design, standardizing netting protocol, and quantifying sources of bias in the field, before ANCOVA or other parametric statistical techniques can be used to partition effects of biases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Mallory, E.P., Brokaw, N.V., and Hess, S., 2004, Coping with mist-net capture-rate bias: Canopy height and several extrinsic factors: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 29, p. 151-160.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e0e4b04fc80e5073b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallory, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":177126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallory","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brokaw, Nicholas V. L.","contributorId":177127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brokaw","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, Steven C. shess@usgs.gov","contributorId":150178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","email":"shess@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006791,"text":"70006791 - 2004 - Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T14:21:42","indexId":"70006791","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models","docAbstract":"Dense populations of T. tubifex are generally associated with habitats dominated by fine sediments and enriched organic material (e.g. Krueger, 2002). Management of whirling disease positive systems is entering a new phase where channel modifications are being implemented to reduce or isolate this type of habitat. These management actions have the potential to cause new areas of sediment deposition. Descriptions of sediment characteristics associated with high numbers of T. tubifex can help engineers design channel modifications that minimize situations where altered velocity distributions inadvertently create optimum worm habitat. Ongoing studies in two Colorado Rivers with very different flow regimes and watershed characteristics provide preliminary evidence that a median sediment particle diameter greater than 1.4mm in conjunction with at least 30% (dry weight) of sediment with a diameter less than 0.3mm limits T. tubifex densities to approximately less than 10% of maximum densities.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 10th annual Whirling Disease Symposium: \"Whirling disease management: practicalities and realities\": Grand American Hotel, Savory Salon, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2-3, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Whirling Disease Foundation","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Terrell, J.W., and Milhous, R.T., 2004, Transferability of tubifex limiting factor models, in Proceedings 10th annual Whirling Disease Symposium: \"Whirling disease management: practicalities and realities\": Grand American Hotel, Savory Salon, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2-3, 2004, p. 52-53.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281505,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://whirlingdisease.montana.edu/research/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0024 ], [ -102.0416,41.0024 ], [ -102.0416,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd797ee4b0b2908510cdc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53425,"text":"ofr20041051 - 2004 - Simulated Water-Management Alternatives Using the Modular Modeling System for the Methow River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041051","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1051","title":"Simulated Water-Management Alternatives Using the Modular Modeling System for the Methow River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"A precipitation-runoff model for the Methow River Basin was used to simulate six alternatives: (1) baseline of current flow, (2) line irrigation canals to limit seepage losses, (3) increase surface-water diversions through unlined canals for aquifer recharge, (4) convert from surface-water to ground-water resources to supply water for irrigation, and (5) reduce tree density in forested headwater catchments, and (6) natural flow. Daily streamflow from October 1, 1959, to September 30, 2001 (water years 1960?2001) was simulated. Lining irrigation canals (alternative 2) increased flows in the Chewuch, Twisp, and the Methow (upstream and at Twisp) Rivers during September because of lower diversion rates, but not in the Methow River near Pateros. Increasing diversions for aquifer recharge (alternative 3) increased streamflow from September into January, but reduced streamflow earlier in the summer. Conversion of surface-water diversions to ground-water wells (alternative 4) resulted in the largest increase in September streamflow of any alternative, but also marginally lower January flows (at most -8 percent in the 90-percent exceedence value). Forest-cover reduction (alternative 5) produced large increases in streamflow during high-flow periods in May and June and earlier onset of high flows and small increases in January streamflows. September streamflows were largely unaffected by alternative 5. Natural streamflow (alternative 6) was higher in September and lower in January than the baseline alternative.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041051","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., 2004, Simulated Water-Management Alternatives Using the Modular Modeling System for the Methow River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1051, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041051.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5208,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6021d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53753,"text":"wri034321 - 2004 - Secondary Mineral Deposits and Evidence of Past Seismicity and Heating of the Proposed Repository Horizon at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"wri034321","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4321","title":"Secondary Mineral Deposits and Evidence of Past Seismicity and Heating of the Proposed Repository Horizon at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Drift Degradation Analysis (DDA) (BSC, 2003) for the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, describes model simulations of the effects of pre- and post-closure seismicity and waste-induced heating on emplacement drifts. Based on probabilistic seismic hazard analyses of the intensity and frequency of future seismic events in the region (CRWMS M&O, 1998), the DDA concludes that future seismicity will lead to substantial damage to emplacement drifts, particularly those in the lithophysal tuffs, where some simulations predict complete collapse of the drift walls.\r\n\r\nSecondary mineral studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1995 indicate that secondary calcite and silica have been deposited in some fractures and lithophysal cavities in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at Yucca Mountain during at least the past 10 million years (m.y.), and probably since the tuffs cooled to less than 100?C. Tuff fragments, likely generated by past seismic activity, have commonly been incorporated into the secondary mineral depositional sequences.\r\n\r\nPreliminary observations indicate that seismic activity has generated few, if any, tuff fragments during the last 2 to 4 m.y., which may be inconsistent with the predictions of drift-wall collapse described in the DDA. Whether or not seismicity-induced tuff fragmentation occurring at centimeter to decimeter scales in the fracture and cavity openings relates directly to failure of tuff walls in the 5.5-m-diameter waste emplacement drifts, the deposits do provide a potential record of the spatial and temporal distribution of tuff fragments in the UZ. In addition, the preservation of weakly attached coatings and (or) delicate, upright blades of calcite in the secondary mineral deposits provides an upper limit for ground motion during the late stage of deposition that might be used as input to future DDA simulations. Finally, bleaching and alteration at a few of the secondary mineral sites indicate that they were subjected to heated gases at approximately the temperatures expected from waste emplacement. These deposits provide at least limited textural and mineralogic analogs for waste-induced, high-humidity thermal alteration of emplacement drift wall rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034321","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., 2004, Secondary Mineral Deposits and Evidence of Past Seismicity and Heating of the Proposed Repository Horizon at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4321, 12 p., 8 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034321.","productDescription":"12 p., 8 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5154,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, Josheph F.","contributorId":100064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Josheph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}