Time can be a limiting constraint for consumers, particularly when resource phenology mediates foraging opportunity. Though a large body of research has explored how resource phenology influences trophic interactions, this work has focused on the topics of trophic mismatch or predator swamping, which typically occur over short periods, at small spatial extents or coarse resolutions. In contrast many consumers integrate across landscape heterogeneity in resource phenology, moving to track ephemeral food sources that propagate across space as resource waves. Here we provide a conceptual framework to advance the study of phenological diversity and resource waves. We define resource waves, review evidence of their importance in recent case studies, and demonstrate their broader ecological significance with a simulation model. We found that consumers ranging from fig wasps (Chalcidoidea) to grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) exploit resource waves, integrating across phenological diversity to make resource aggregates available for much longer than their component parts. In model simulations, phenological diversity was often more important to consumer energy gain than resource abundance per se. Current ecosystem-based management assumes that species abundance mediates the strength of trophic interactions. Our results challenge this assumption and highlight new opportunities for conservation and management. Resource waves are an emergent property of consumer–resource interactions and are broadly significant in ecology and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0554.1","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, J., Takimoto, G., Schindler, D.E., Hayes, M.M., and Kauffman, M., 2016, Resource waves: phenological diversity enhances foraging opportunities for mobile consumers: Ecology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1099-1112, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0554.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061213","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89fe4b07657d1a17693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Jonathan B.","contributorId":98567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takimoto, Gaku","contributorId":172343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takimoto","given":"Gaku","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Matthew M.","contributorId":172344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew mkauffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":171443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175112,"text":"70175112 - 2016 - Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-29T15:11:33","indexId":"70175112","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults","docAbstract":"We investigate the aftershock sequence of the 2014 MW6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake. Low-magnitude aftershocks missing from the network catalog are detected by applying a matched-filter approach to continuous seismic data, with the catalog earthquakes serving as the waveform templates. We measure precise differential arrival times between events, which we use for double-difference event relocation in a 3D seismic velocity model. Most aftershocks are deeper than the mainshock slip, and most occur west of the mapped surface rupture. While the mainshock coseismic and postseismic slip appears to have occurred on the near-vertical, strike-slip West Napa fault, many of the aftershocks occur in a complex zone of secondary faulting. Earthquake locations in the main aftershock zone, near the mainshock hypocenter, delineate multiple dipping secondary faults. Composite focal mechanisms indicate strike-slip and oblique-reverse faulting on the secondary features. The secondary faults were moved towards failure by Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock slip. Clusters of aftershocks north and south of the main aftershock zone exhibit vertical strike-slip faulting more consistent with the West Napa Fault. The northern aftershocks correspond to the area of largest mainshock coseismic slip, while the main aftershock zone is adjacent to the fault area that has primarily slipped postseismically. Unlike most creeping faults, the zone of postseismic slip does not appear to contain embedded stick-slip patches that would have produced on-fault aftershocks. The lack of stick-slip patches along this portion of the fault may contribute to the low productivity of the South Napa aftershock sequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150169","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., and Shelly, D.R., 2016, Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 3, p. 1100-1109, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150169.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1100","endPage":"1109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066544","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 38.45789034424927\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 38.38795699631398\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 38.329807044201374\n ],\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 38.26406296833964\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.23278669950994\n ],\n [\n -122.25173950195311,\n 38.23925875585244\n ],\n [\n -122.23663330078124,\n 38.245730236135294\n ],\n [\n -122.24899291992188,\n 38.278078995562105\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 38.30071455572194\n ],\n [\n -122.23526000976561,\n 38.33088431959968\n ],\n [\n -122.29843139648436,\n 38.382574703770246\n ],\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 38.42131826945341\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.44674682617188,\n 38.504116723098505\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 38.45789034424927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2ae4b0589fa1ca11c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173952,"text":"70173952 - 2016 - Variability and trends in runoff efficiency in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:38:33","indexId":"70173952","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and trends in runoff efficiency in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Variability and trends in water-year runoff efficiency (RE) — computed as the ratio of water-year runoff (streamflow per unit area) to water-year precipitation — in the conterminous United States (CONUS) are examined for the 1951 through 2012 period. Changes in RE are analyzed using runoff and precipitation data aggregated to United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic cataloging units (HUs). Results indicate increases in RE for some regions in the north-central CONUS and large decreases in RE for the south-central CONUS. The increases in RE in the north-central CONUS are explained by trends in climate, whereas the large decreases in RE in the south-central CONUS likely are related to groundwater withdrawals from the Ogallala aquifer to support irrigated agriculture.
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\"}}]}\n","volume":"52","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba8a0e4b07657d1a176a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173930,"text":"70173930 - 2016 - Characterizing species interactions to understand press perturbations: What is the community matrix?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T10:28:02","indexId":"70173930","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3835,"text":"Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing species interactions to understand press perturbations: What is the community matrix?","docAbstract":"The community matrix is among ecology's most important mathematical abstractions, formally encapsulating the interconnected network of effects that species have on one another's populations. Despite its importance, the term `community matrix' has been applied to matrices having differing interpretations. This has hindered the application of theory for understanding community structure and perturbation responses, particularly in the contexts of ecosystem-based management and conservation. Here we clarify the correspondence and distinctions between the Interaction matrix, the Alpha matrix and the Jacobian matrix, terms which are frequently used interchangeably and have numerous synonyms, including the term Community matrix. We illustrate how these matrices correspond to different ways of characterizing interaction strengths, how they permit insights regarding different types of press perturbations of species growth rates or abundances, and how these are related by a simple scaling relationship. Connections to additional interaction strength characterizations encapsulated by the Beta matrix, the Gamma matrix, and the Removal matrix are also discussed. Our synthesis highlights the empirical challenges that remain in using these mathematical tools to understand actual communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032416-010215","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Yeakel, J.D., Noble, A.E., Doak, D.F., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., Jacob, U., Tinker, M.T., and Wootton, J.T., 2016, Characterizing species interactions to understand press perturbations: What is the community matrix?: Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 47, p. 409-432, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032416-010215.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073105","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032416-010215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89de4b07657d1a17657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeakel, Justin D.","contributorId":81418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeakel","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Andrew E.","contributorId":172062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noble","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emmerson, Mark","contributorId":93404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jacob, Ute","contributorId":172063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26973,"text":"University of Hamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wootton, J. Timothy","contributorId":84283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70171118,"text":"70171118 - 2016 - Resetting the bar: Establishing baselines for persistent contaminants after Hurricane Sandy in the coastal environments of New Jersey and New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:22:36","indexId":"70171118","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resetting the bar: Establishing baselines for persistent contaminants after Hurricane Sandy in the coastal environments of New Jersey and New York, USA","docAbstract":"In the immediate aftermath of natural disasters, public health officials and other first responders engage in many activities to protect the public and ecosystems in the affected area. These activities include critical tasks designed to minimize adverse consequences resulting from chemical and microbial contaminant exposures, such as acute disease incidence and transmission. However, once these urgent priorities have been met and situations requiring immediate attention have been stabilized, questions regarding the potential longer term threats to humans and ecosystems associated with persistent contaminant exposures remain. Research conducted to address these questions is frequently challenged by the lack of available baseline contaminant information collected before the event for comparison and perspective. In addition, deployments of field crews and collection of environmental samples typically occur days, weeks, or months after the event. Consequently, during and in the aftermath of disasters, public health agencies commonly advise the public to disinfect water, avoid contact with disturbed infrastructure (such as sewer lines), and (or) refrain from use of recreational waters, with the general focus on acute health threats; however, the persisting effects of such releases on local recreational waters, fisheries, and other estuarine habitats are often undetermined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.045","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Focazio, M.J., and Simmons, D.L., 2016, Resetting the bar: Establishing baselines for persistent contaminants after Hurricane Sandy in the coastal environments of New Jersey and New York, USA: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 414-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.045.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"421","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070873","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -71.7901611328125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -71.7901611328125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89fe4b07657d1a1768e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Dale L. dsimmons@usgs.gov","contributorId":575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Dale","email":"dsimmons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174009,"text":"ofr20161107 - 2016 - Evaluating water management scenarios to support habitat management for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T17:09:46","indexId":"ofr20161107","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1107","title":"Evaluating water management scenarios to support habitat management for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow","docAbstract":"The endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is endemic to south Florida and a key indicator species of marl prairie, a highly diverse freshwater community in the Florida Everglades. Maintenance and creation of suitable habitat is seen as the most important pathway to the persistence of the six existing sparrow subpopulations; however, major uncertainties remain in how to increase suitable habitat within and surrounding these subpopulations, which are vulnerable to environmental stochasticity. Currently, consistently suitable conditions for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow are only present in two of these subpopulations (B and E). The water management scenarios evaluated herein were intended to lower water levels and improve habitat conditions in subpopulation A and D, raise water levels to improve habitat conditions in subpopulations C and F, and minimize impacts to subpopulations B and E. Our objective in this analysis was to compare these scenarios utilizing a set of metrics (short- to long-time scales) that relate habitat suitability to hydrologic conditions. Although hydrologic outputs are similar across scenarios in subpopulation A, scenario R2H reaches the hydroperiod and depth suitability targets more than the other scenarios relative to ECB, while minimizing negative consequences to subpopulation E. However, although R2H hydroperiods are longer than those for ECB during the wet season in subpopulations C and F, depths during the breeding season are predicted to decrease in suitability (less than -50 cm) relative to existing conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161107","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., Romañach, S.S., and McKelvy, Mark. 2016, Evaluating water management scenarios to support habitat management for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1107, 62 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161107.","productDescription":"x, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076424","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1107/ofr20161107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1107"},{"id":324232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1107/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
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7920 NW 71 Street
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https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest thatL. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species × size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2015-0221","usgsCitation":"Houser, J.D., Porter, A.H., Ginsberg, H., and Jakob, E.M., 2016, Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 94, no. 6, p. 427-434, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0221.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"434","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073162","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/143","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89ee4b07657d1a17671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, Jeremy D.","contributorId":167456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houser","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Adam H.","contributorId":82587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":147665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakob, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":90602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakob","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168975,"text":"70168975 - 2016 - An automatic P‐Phase arrival‐time picker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T11:40:28","indexId":"70168975","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automatic P‐Phase arrival‐time picker","docAbstract":"Presented is a new approach for picking P‐phase arrival time in single‐component acceleration or broadband velocity records without requiring detection interval or threshold settings. The algorithm PPHASEPICKER transforms the signal into a response domain of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillator with viscous damping and then tracks the rate of change of dissipated damping energy to pick P‐wave phases. The SDOF oscillator has a short natural period and a correspondingly high resonant frequency, which is higher than most frequencies in a seismic wave. It also has a high damping ratio (60% of critical). At this damping level, the frequency response approaches the Butterworth maximally flat magnitude filter, and phase angles are preserved. The relative input energy imparted to the oscillator by the input signal is converted to elastic strain energy and then dissipated by the damping element as damping energy. The damping energy yields a smooth envelope over time; it is zero in the beginning of the signal, zero or near zero before theP‐phase arrival, and builds up rapidly with the P wave. Because the damping energy function changes considerably at the onset of the P wave, it is used as a metric to track and pick the P‐phase arrival time. The PPHASEPICKER detects P‐phase onset using the histogram method. Its performance is compared with picking techniques using short‐term‐average to long‐term‐average ratio, and a picking method that finds the first P‐phase arrival time using the Akaike information criterion. A large set of records with various intensities and signal‐to‐noise ratios is used for testing the PPHASEPICKER, and it is demonstrated thatPPHASEPICKER is able to more accurately pick the onset of genuine signals against the background noise and to correctly distinguish between whether the first arrival is a P wave (emergent or impulsive) or whether the signal is from a faulty sensor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150111","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., 2016, An automatic P‐Phase arrival‐time picker: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 3, p. 971-986, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150111.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"986","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062691","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89be4b07657d1a17644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174041,"text":"70174041 - 2016 - Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:47:42","indexId":"70174041","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5102,"text":"Journal of Environmental Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column","docAbstract":"Understanding nutrient flux between the benthos and the overlying water (benthic flux) is critical to restoration of water quality and biological resources because it can represent a major source of nutrients to the water column. Extensive water management commenced in the San Francisco Bay, Beginning around 1850, San Francisco Bay wetlands were converted to salt ponds and mined extensively for more than a century. Long-term (decadal) salt pond restoration efforts began in 2003. A patented device for sampling porewater at varying depths, to calculate the gradient, was employed between 2010 and 2012. Within the former ponds, the benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus and that of dissolved ammonia were consistently positive (i.e., moving out of the sediment into the water column). The lack of measurable nitrate or nitrite concentration gradients across the sediment-water interface suggested negligible fluxes for dissolved nitrate and nitrite. The dominance of ammonia in the porewater indicated anoxic sediment conditions, even at only 1 cm depth, which is consistent with the observed, elevated sediment oxygen demand. Nearby openestuary sediments showed much lower benthic flux values for nutrients than the salt ponds under resortation. Allochthonous solute transport provides a nutrient advective flux for comparison to benthic flux. For ammonia, averaged for all sites and dates, benthic flux was about 80,000 kg/year, well above the advective flux range of −50 to 1500 kg/year, with much of the variability depending on the tidal cycle. By contrast, the average benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus was about 12,000 kg/year, of significant magnitude, but less than the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/year. These benthic flux estimates, based on solute diffusion across the sediment-water interface, reveal a significant nutrient source to the water column of the pond which stimulates algal blooms (often autotrophic). This benthic source may be augmented further by bioturbation, bioirrigation and episodic sediment resuspension events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc","doi":"10.4236/jep.2016.77095","usgsCitation":"Topping, B.R., Kuwabara, J.S., Carter, J.L., Garrettt, K.K., Mruz, E., Piotter, S., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2016, Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column: Journal of Environmental Protection, v. 7, p. 1064-1071, https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77095.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1071","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063951","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 37.20626914065441\n ],\n [\n -122.58270263671876,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -122.83538818359375,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.201893907733826\n ],\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 37.20626914065441\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576e59aee4b07657d1a43c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2016 - Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T15:07:51","indexId":"70171468","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Phosphorus (P) loading to the Great Lakes has caused various types of eutrophication problems. Future climatic changes may modify this loading because climatic models project changes in future meteorological conditions, especially for the key hydrologic driver — precipitation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to project how P loading may change from the range of projected climatic changes. To project the future response in P loading, the HydroSPARROW approach was developed that links results from two spatially explicit models, the SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) transport and fate watershed model and the water-quantity Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS was used to project changes in streamflow throughout the Lake Michigan Basin using downscaled meteorological data from eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) subjected to three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Downscaled GCMs project a + 2.1 to + 4.0 °C change in average-annual air temperature (+ 2.6 °C average) and a − 5.1% to + 16.7% change in total annual precipitation (+ 5.1% average) for this geographic area by the middle of this century (2045–2065) and larger changes by the end of the century. The climatic changes by mid-century are projected to result in a − 21.2% to + 8.9% change in total annual streamflow (− 1.8% average) and a − 29.6% to + 17.2% change in total annual P loading (− 3.1% average). Although the average projected changes in streamflow and P loading are relatively small for the entire basin, considerable variability exists spatially and among GCMs because of their variability in projected future precipitation.
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dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David J","contributorId":169822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174177,"text":"70174177 - 2016 - Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T14:47:47","indexId":"70174177","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest","docAbstract":"Summary 1. Wildfires are the principal disturbance in the boreal forest, and their size and frequency are increasing as the climate warms. Impacts of fires on boreal wildlife are largely unknown, especially for the tens of millions of waterfowl that breed in the region. This knowledge gap creates significant barriers to the integrative management of fires and waterfowl, leading to fire policies that largely disregard waterfowl. 2. Waterfowl populations across the western boreal forest of North America have been monitored annually since 1955 by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (BPOP), widely considered the most extensive wildlife survey in the world. Using these data, we examined impacts of forest fires on abundance of two waterfowl guilds – dabblers and divers. We modelled waterfowl abundance in relation to fire extent (i.e. amount of survey transect burned) and time since fire, examining both immediate and lagged fire impacts. 3. From 1955 to 2014, >1100 fires in the western boreal forest intersected BPOP survey transects, and many transects burned multiple times. Nonetheless, fires had no detectable impact on waterfowl abundance; annual transect counts of dabbler and diver pairs remained stable from the pre- to post-fire period. 4. The absence of fire impacts on waterfowl abundance extended from the years immediately following the fire to those more than a decade afterwards. Likewise, the amount of transect burned did not influence waterfowl abundance, with similar pair counts from the pre- to post-fire period for small (1–20% burned), medium (21–60%) and large (>60%) burns. 5. Policy implications. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire-related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","collaboration":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Schmutz, J.A., Amundson, C.L., and Lindberg, M., 2016, Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 53, no. 3, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071371","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waterfowl Counts and Wildfire Burn Data from the Western Boreal Forest of North America, 1955-2014"},{"id":324532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90da4","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Schmutz Joel A., Amundson Courtney L., Lindberg Mark S.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ecology","publicationDate":"6/21/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler 0000-0002-4998-3031 tlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3031","contributorId":169307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler","email":"tlewis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170917,"text":"sir20165059 - 2016 - The 2014 annual report for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T09:48:50","indexId":"sir20165059","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5059","title":"The 2014 annual report for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"This report summarizes team activities and findings of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the year 2014 in geology, geodesy, seismicity, and gas geochemistry. The eruption of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō continued into its 32nd year with flows active to the northeast of the vent. One of them, the June 27th lava flow, named for the date in 2014 that the flow started, advanced far and fast enough to threaten the town of Pāhoa and Highway 130 in the Puna District of the Island of Hawai‘i. In response, the alert level for Kīlauea was elevated from WATCH to WARNING on September 4, followed by the declaration of a State Disaster on September 5 and a National Disaster on November 3.
\nDuring 2014, renewed inflation and increased seismicity was detected beneath the summit and upper west flank of Mauna Loa. Although above background, the frequency and magnitude of the earthquakes remained at such low levels that, by year’s end, the four-tier alert level code for Mauna Loa remained at its lowest level—NORMAL. These changes were discussed in several Volcano Watch articles.
\nHualālai, Haleakalā, Mauna Kea, and Lo‘īhi showed no signs of unrest during the year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165059","usgsCitation":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff, and Jim Kauahikaua, compiler, 2016, The 2014 annual report for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5059, 65 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165059.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066491","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5059/sir20165059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5059"}],"contact":"Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaii National Park, HI 96718-0051
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/
The federally threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) was listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1990, but thus far, recovery efforts have been unsuccessful (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 2015). Predation has been identified as a contributing factor to declining G. agassizii populations range-wide (e.g., Esque et al. 2010, Lovich et al. 2014). Understanding and managing for predator-prey dynamics is thus an important part of the recovery and conservation of this threatened species (USFWS 2011). Desert tortoises have a host of predators at all stages of their life cycle. Over 20 species of birds, mammals, and reptiles have been recorded as known or suspected predators (Woodbury and Hardy 1948, Luckenbach 1982, Ernst and Lovich 2009). American badgers (Taxidea taxus, family: Mustelidae) are confirmed excavators of desert tortoise nests (Turner and Berry 1984). They are also suspected predators of adult desert tortoises, a possibility which has been presented in some studies but without empirical verification (Luckenbach 1982, Turner and Berry 1984). Active mostly at night, badgers are solitary, secretive predators (Lindzey 1978, 1982; Armitage 2004) that are extremely difficult to observe in predatory encounters. Recently, strong circumstantial evidence presented by Emblidge et al. (2015) suggests that badgers do prey on adult Agassiz’s desert tortoises based on observations of more than two dozen dead tortoises in the Western Mojave Desert of California. In this note, we present another case of potential badger predation on a large adult desert tortoise in the Sonoran Desert of California. Collectively, these recent two cases potentially indicate that badger predation may be more common and widespread than previously thought. In addition, we review the worldwide literature of badger predation on turtles in general and summarize reported badger observations in Joshua Tree National Park, where our observation occurred, over a period of 55 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Smith, A.L., Puffer, S., Lovich, J.E., Tennant, L.A., Arundel, T.R., Vamstad, M.S., and Brundige, K.D., 2016, A potential predator-prey interaction of an American badger and an Agassiz's desert tortoise with a review of badger predation on turtles: California Fish and Game, v. 102, no. 3, p. 131-144.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"131","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-071632","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342663,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Publications/Journal/Contents"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.21337890625,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -113.016357421875,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -113.016357421875,\n 34.58799745550482\n ],\n [\n -116.21337890625,\n 34.58799745550482\n ],\n [\n -116.21337890625,\n 33.14675022877648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3429e4b062508e36af5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Amanda L. amandasmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":193098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Amanda","email":"amandasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puffer, Shellie R. 0000-0003-4957-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-0963","contributorId":193099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"Shellie R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tennant, Laura A. 0000-0003-0062-7287 ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vamstad, Michael S.","contributorId":193100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vamstad","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":33709,"text":"National Park Service, Joshua Tree National Park, 74485 National Park Drive, Twentynine Palms, CA 92277-3597, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brundige, Kathleen D.","contributorId":193101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundige","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":33710,"text":"Coachella Valley Conservation Commission, 73-710 Fred Waring Drive, Suite 200, Palm Desert, CA 92260-2516, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70170976,"text":"sir20165061 - 2016 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:37:57","indexId":"sir20165061","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5061","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, near 8 bridges at 7 highway crossings of the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, from June 2 to 4, 2015. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,660 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel from bank to bank during low to moderate flood flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation as a low to moderate flood flow comparison to help assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or surrounded by a debris raft, and scour holes were observed at most surveyed piers. The observed scour holes at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to shape and depth. Although exposure of parts of substructural support elements was observed at several piers, the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in bed material at these piers.
\nThe frontal slope values determined for scour holes observed in the current (2015) study generally are similar to recommended values in the literature and values determined for scour holes in previous bathymetric surveys. Several of the structures had piers that were skewed to primary approach flow, and generally the scour hole was deeper and longer on the side of the pier with impinging flow, with some amount of deposition on the leeward side, typical of conditions observed at piers skewed to approach flow; however, at structure A7650 (site 10), the scour hole was deeper and longer on the leeward side of the pier, possibly because of a deflection and contraction of flow caused by a protrusion of the corresponding bank at the bridge.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys exist for all the sites examined in this study. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys (in March 2010 and during the 2011 flood) and those of this study do not indicate any consistent correlation in channel-bed elevations with flow conditions. A simplified assumption of equal to lesser magnitude scour for the lower discharge in the 2015 surveys did not consistently prove to be true, particularly in respect to the depth of observed scour near the piers when compared to results collected during the 2011 flood.
\nA local spatial minimum average channel-bed elevation at structure A7650 (site 10) compared to adjacent sites may indicate this site is at or near a local feature that controls sediment deposition and scour. The average channel-bed elevation values and the distribution of channel-bed elevations imply that sediment unable to deposit near structure A7650 is flushed downstream and deposits at the next downstream site, structure A5817 (site 11).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2016, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5061, 93 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165061.","productDescription":"ix, 93 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073946","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/sir20165061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5061"},{"id":324167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Many karst regions are undergoing rapid population growth and expansion of urban land accompanied by increases in wastewater generation and changing patterns of nitrate (NO3−) loading to surface and groundwater. We investigate variability and sources of NO3− in a regional karst aquifer system, the Edwards aquifer of central Texas. Samples from streams recharging the aquifer, groundwater wells, and springs were collected during 2008–12 from the Barton Springs and San Antonio segments of the Edwards aquifer and analyzed for nitrogen (N) species concentrations and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data were augmented by historical data collected from 1937 to 2007. NO3− concentrations and discharge data indicate that short-term variability (days to months) in groundwater NO3− concentrations in the Barton Springs segment is controlled by occurrence of individual storms and multi-annual wet-dry cycles, whereas the lack of short-term variability in groundwater in the San Antonio segment indicates the dominance of transport along regional flow paths. In both segments, longer-term increases (years to decades) in NO3− concentrations cannot be attributed to hydrologic conditions; rather, isotopic ratios and land-use change indicate that septic systems and land application of treated wastewater might be the source of increased loading of NO3−. These results highlight the vulnerability of karst aquifers to NO3− contamination from urban wastewater. An analysis of N-species loading in recharge and discharge for the Barton Springs segment during 2008–10 indicates an overall mass balance in total N, but recharge contains higher concentrations of organic N and lower concentrations of NO3−than does discharge, consistent with nitrification of organic N within the aquifer and consumption of dissolved oxygen. This study demonstrates that subaqueous nitrification of organic N in the aquifer, as opposed to in soils, might be a previously unrecognized source of NO3− to karst groundwater or other oxic groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., Opsahl, S.P., Mahler, B., Herrington, C., Sample, T., and Banta, J., 2016, Source, variability, and transformation of nitrate in a regional karst aquifer: Edwards aquifer, central Texas.: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 457-469, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"469","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062966","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -97.7288818359375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -97.7288818359375,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 29.27681632836857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571ee4b07657d1a064e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":1316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sample, Thomas 0000-0002-3960-8334 tlsample@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-8334","contributorId":171807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"tlsample@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banta, John 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":171808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"John","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170495,"text":"ds908 - 2016 - The geochemical atlas of Alaska, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:47:08","indexId":"ds908","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"908","title":"The geochemical atlas of Alaska, 2016","docAbstract":"A rich legacy of geochemical data produced since the early 1960s covers the great expanse of Alaska; careful treatment of such data may provide significant and revealing geochemical maps that may be used for landscape geochemistry, mineral resource exploration, and geoenvironmental investigations over large areas. To maximize the spatial density and extent of data coverage for statewide mapping of element distributions, we compiled and integrated analyses of more than 175,000 sediment and soil samples from three major, separate sources: the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Uranium Resource Evaluation program, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys geochemical databases. Various types of heterogeneity and deficiencies in these data presented major challenges to our development of coherently integrated datasets for modeling and mapping of element distributions. Researchers from many different organizations and disparate scientific studies collected samples that were analyzed using highly variable methods throughout a time period of more than 50 years, during which many changes in analytical techniques were developed and applied. Despite these challenges, the U.S. Geological Survey has produced a new systematically integrated compilation of sediment and soil geochemical data with an average sample site density of approximately 1 locality per 10 square kilometers (km2) for the entire State of Alaska, although density varies considerably among different areas. From that compilation, we have modeled and mapped the distributions of 68 elements, thus creating an updated geochemical atlas for the State.
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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"
Center Director
USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov
The type collection of Recent mammals in the Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, contains 612 specimens bearing names of 604 species-group taxa of Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea as of May 2016. This catalog presents an annotated list of these holdings comprising 582 holotypes; 16 lectotypes, two of which are newly designated herein; 7 syntypes (15 specimens); and 1 neotype. Included are several specimens that should be in the collection but cannot be found or are now known to be in other collections and therefore are not in the database. Thirty-seven of the names are new since the last type catalog covering these orders, Arthur J. Poole and Viola S. Schantz’s 1942 “Catalog of the Type Specimens of Mammals in the United States National Museum, Including the Biological Surveys Collection” (Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 178). One of these, Lutra iowa Goldman, 1941, was transferred to the National Museum’s Paleobiology Department collection and is mentioned only briefly in this work. Orders and families are arranged systematically following D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder’s 2005 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, third edition, volume 1; within families, currently recognized genera are arranged alphabetically, and within each currently recognized genus, species and subspecies accounts are arranged alphabetically by original published name. Information in each account includes original name and abbreviated citation thereto, current name if other than original, citation for first use of current name combination for the taxon, type designation, U.S. National Museum catalog number(s), preparation, age and sex, date of collection and collector, original collector number, type locality, and remarks as appropriate. Digital photographs of each specimen will serve as a condition report and will be attached to each electronic specimen record. An addendum contains two accounts for holotypes added to the collection subsequent to the publication of the catalog for their taxa. Appendices tabulate summary data for all four of our recent type catalogs (Fisher and Ludwig, 2012, 2014, 2015, and this volume) and include authors of names, collectors of type specimens, countries, islands, and provinces or states in which type specimens were collected, numbers of new names per decade, and summary numbers for holotypes, lectotypes, syntypes, neotypes, and new taxa since the last type catalog (Poole and Schantz, 1942) covering the entire type collection.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2015-10-287","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., and Handel, C.M., 2016, Elements in whole blood of Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) in Alaska: No evidence for an association with beak deformities: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 3, p. 713-718, https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-10-287.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"718","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070194","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
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","tableOfContents":"Effective delivery of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals to wildlife populations is needed when zoonotic diseases pose a risk to public health and natural resources or have considerable economic consequences. The objective of our study was to develop a bait-distribution strategy for potential delivery of oral bovine tuberculosis (bTB) vaccine to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) where deer are reservoirs for the disease. During 17 February and 2 March 2011, we created a grid of experimental bait stations (n = 64) on Sandhill Wildlife Management Area, Wisconsin, USA, to assess station densities needed to attract and deliver placebo baits to free-ranging white-tailed deer and look for associations among deer density, number of bait stations per deer, and bait consumption. We placed 1 L of commercially available alfalfa cubes at bait stations 652 m apart, and monitored stations with motion-activated cameras for 5 days to document visitation and consumption by deer and nontarget species. Deer discovered 38% of all bait stations within 37 hr, on average (SE = 3.91 hr), and consumed variable amounts of bait at each station. Deer were documented in 94% of all photographs of wildlife at bait stations. We found no correlation between bait consumption and deer density or the number of bait stations per deer. We provide the first information on use of baits by free-ranging deer and nontarget wildlife to eventually vaccinate deer against bTB at a landscape level. The results of this study can further the development of strategies in delivery of pharmaceuticals to free-ranging white-tailed deer.
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