The Community for Data Integration (CDI) continued to experience success in fiscal year 2015. The CDI community members have been sharing, learning, and collaborating through monthly forums, workshops, working groups, and funded projects. In fiscal year 2015, CDI coordinated 10 monthly forums with 16 different speakers from the U.S. Geological Survey and external partners; funded 11 collaborative projects; and hosted an in-person, four-day workshop, which attracted 168 (134 in-person and 34 remote) data practitioners, data providers, and data consumers from across the USGS, academia, industry, and other government agencies. The Citizen Science, Connected Devices, Data Management, Semantic Web, and Tech Stack Working Groups continued to accomplish great things in fiscal year 2015. These working groups were major stakeholders in planning the 2015 CDI Workshop; they continued developing solutions to pressing challenges, and they brought in speakers throughout the year for more focused presentations and discussions. Additionally, a new working group formed during the 2015 CDI Workshop—the Earth-Science Themes Working Group.
Director, Core Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
108 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/
Water-supply needs in LaSalle County in northern Illinois are met by surface water and groundwater. Water-supply needs are expected to increase to serve future residential and mining uses. Available information on water use, geology, surface-water and groundwater hydrology, and water quality provides a hydrogeologic framework for LaSalle County that can be used to help plan the future use of the water resources.
The Illinois, Fox, and Vermilion Rivers are the primary surface-water bodies in LaSalle County. These and other surface-water bodies are used for wastewater disposal in the county. The Vermilion River is used as a drinking-water supply in the southern part of the county. Water from the Illinois and Fox Rivers also is used for the generation of electric power.
Glacial drift aquifers capable of yielding sufficient water for public supply are expected to be present in the Illinois River Valley in the western part of the county, the Troy Bedrock Valley in the northwestern part of the county, and in the Ticona Bedrock Valley in the south-central part of the county. Glacial drift aquifers capable of yielding sufficient water for residential supply are present in most of the county, although well yield often needs to be improved by using large-diameter wells. Arsenic concentrations above health-based standards have been detected in some wells in this aquifer. These aquifers are a viable source for additional water supply in some areas, but would require further characterization prior to full development.
Shallow bedrock deposits comprising the sandstone units of the Ancell Group, the Prairie du Chien Group, dolomite of the Galena and Platteville Groups, and Silurian-aged dolomite are utilized for water supply where these units are at or near the bedrock surface or where overlain by Pennsylvanian-aged deposits. The availability of water from the shallow bedrock deposits depends primarily on the geologic unit analyzed. All these deposits can yield sufficient water for residential supply in at least some parts of the county, and sandstone deposits in the Ancell and Prairie du Chien Groups can yield sufficient water for residential or public supply in much of the county.
The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system comprises the most widespread, productive aquifers in northern Illinois and is used for water supply by a number of municipalities in the county. Water levels in the aquifer system have declined by as much as 300 feet in parts of LaSalle County. The aquifer contains naturally occurring concentrations of radium that are higher than established health guidelines in much of the county.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the LaSalle County Board and Northwestern University ","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., and Bailey, C.R., 2016, Hydrogeologic framework of LaSalle County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5154, 97 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165154.","productDescription":"vii, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075663","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5154/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":330348,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5154/sir20165154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5154"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"LaSalle County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.602,41.6331],[-88.6001,41.5454],[-88.5975,41.4565],[-88.5943,41.3697],[-88.59,41.2826],[-88.5892,41.1959],[-88.5873,41.1106],[-88.7007,41.1095],[-88.8148,41.1084],[-88.9306,41.1067],[-88.9313,41.0164],[-88.9314,40.9279],[-89.0476,40.9261],[-89.0482,40.9261],[-89.0479,40.9833],[-89.0495,41.0155],[-89.0529,41.0595],[-89.0468,41.0622],[-89.0477,41.1053],[-89.1617,41.1048],[-89.1637,41.1928],[-89.1645,41.2799],[-89.165,41.3099],[-89.1649,41.3221],[-89.1654,41.3661],[-89.1664,41.4079],[-89.1668,41.4542],[-89.1672,41.4964],[-89.1676,41.5418],[-89.168,41.5845],[-89.1672,41.629],[-89.0529,41.6273],[-89.0099,41.6271],[-88.9381,41.6291],[-88.8158,41.6321],[-88.712,41.6324],[-88.602,41.6331]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"La Salle\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Or visit our Web site at:
http://il.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management have cooperated to map approximately 185 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf south of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts. This report contains geophysical data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during a survey in 2013. The geophysical data include (1) swath bathymetry collected by using interferometric sonar, (2) acoustic backscatter from the interferometric sonar, and (3) seismic-reflection profiles from a chirp subbottom profiler. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of coastal Massachusetts, the influence of sea-level change and sediment supply on coastal evolution, and efforts to understand the type, distribution, and quality of subtidal marine habitats in the coastal ocean of Massachusetts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, S.D., Brothers, L.L., Foster, D.S., Andrews, B.D., Baldwin, W.E., and Schwab, W.C., 2016, High-resolution geophysical data from the inner continental shelf—South of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1168, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; HTML Document","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069726","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330433,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/index.html","text":"Report HTML","description":"Report HTML"},{"id":330432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ofr20161168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1168"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.38711263243966\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.38711263243966\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
With growing climate change concerns and energy constraints, there is an increasing need for renewable energy sources within the United States and globally. Looking forward, offshore wind-energy infrastructure (OWEI) has the potential to produce a significant proportion of the power needed to reach our Nation’s renewable energy goal. Offshore wind-energy sites can capitalize open areas within Federal waters that have persistent, high winds with large energy production potential. Although there are few locations in the California Current System (CCS) where it would be acceptable to build pile-mounted wind turbines in waters less than 50 m deep, the development of technology able to support deep-water OWEI (>200 m depth) could enable wind-energy production in the CCS. As with all human-use of the marine environment, understanding the potential impacts of wind-energy infrastructure on the marine ecosystem is an integral part of offshore wind-energy research and planning. Herein, we present a comprehensive database to quantify marine bird vulnerability to potential OWEI in the CCS (see https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VJ0). These data were used to quantify marine bird vulnerabilities at the population level. For 81 marine bird species present in the CCS, we created three vulnerability indices: Population Vulnerability, Collision Vulnerability, and Displacement Vulnerability. Population Vulnerability was used as a scaling factor to generate two comprehensive indicies: Population Collision Vulnerability (PCV) and Population Displacement Vulnerability (PDV). Within the CCS, pelicans, terns (Forster’s [Sterna forsteri], Caspian [Hydroprogne caspia], Elegant [Thalasseus elegans], and Least Tern [Sternula antillarum]), gulls (Western [Larus occidentalis] and Bonaparte’s Gull [Chroicocephalus philadelphia]), South Polar Skua (Stercorarius maccormicki), and Brandt’s Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) had the greatest PCV scores. Brown Pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis) had the greatest overall PCV score. Some alcids (Scripps’s Murrelet [Synthliboramphus scrippsi], Marbled Murrelet [Brachyramphus marmoratus], and Tufted Puffin [Fratercula cirrhata]), terns (Elegant and Least Lern), and loons (Yellow-billed [Gavia adamsii] and Common Loon [G. immer]) had the greatest PDV scores. Ashy Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) had the greatest overall PDV score. To help inform decisions that will impact seabird conservation, vulnerability assessment results can now be combined with recent marine bird at-sea distribution and abundance data for the CCS to evaluate vulnerability areas where OWEI development is being considered. Lastly, it is important to note that as new information about seabird behavior and populations in the CCS becomes available, this database can be easily updated and modified.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-043)","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Kelsey, E.C., Felis, J.J., and Pereksta, D.M., 2017, Collision and displacement vulnerability among marine birds of the California Current System associated with offshore wind energy infrastructure (ver. 1.1, July 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1154, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161154.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 116 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071912","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438527,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VJ0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for calculating population, collision and displacement vulnerability among marine birds of the California Current System associated with offshore wind energy infrastructure (ver. 2.0, June 2017)"},{"id":341751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/ofr20161154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1154"},{"id":344437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/ofr20161154_revision history.docx","size":"153 KB docx","description":"OFR 2016-1154 Revision History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted October 27, 2016; Version 1.1: July 2017","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled f CO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million f CO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million f CO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water f CO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water f CO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) “living data” publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-2016-15","usgsCitation":"Bakker, D., Landa, C.S., Pfeil, B., Metzl, N., O’Brien, K., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Nakaoka, S., Jones, S., Nojiri, Y., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Schuster, U., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S.R., Balestrini, C.F., Barbero, L., Bates, N., Bianchi, A.A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E.F., Cai, W., Castle, R., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S.C., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M.P., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ibanhez, J.S., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R.F., Kitidis, V., Kortzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschutzer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefevre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F.J., Monteiro, P.M., Munro, D.R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K.F., Sutherland, S.C., Sutton, A.J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S.M., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A.J., and Xu, S., 2016, A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT): Earth System Science Data, v. 8, p. 383-413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-15.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-077725","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Dorothee","contributorId":176365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakker","given":"Dorothee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, Camilla S.","contributorId":176376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landa","given":"Camilla","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfeil, Benjamin","contributorId":176375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeil","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metzl, Nicolas","contributorId":176377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metzl","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Brien, Kevin","contributorId":22662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olsen, Are","contributorId":176379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Are","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Karl","contributorId":176380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cosca, Cathy","contributorId":176381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosca","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Harasawa, Sumiko","contributorId":176382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harasawa","given":"Sumiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro","contributorId":176383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakaoka","given":"Shin-ichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, Stephen","contributorId":118160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nojiri, Yukihiro","contributorId":176384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nojiri","given":"Yukihiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Steinhoff, Tobias","contributorId":176386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinhoff","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sweeney, Colm","contributorId":176387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Colm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schuster, Ute","contributorId":176385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuster","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Takahashi, Taro","contributorId":55319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Taro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tilbrook, Bronte","contributorId":176390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilbrook","given":"Bronte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wada, Chisato","contributorId":176391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wada","given":"Chisato","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wanninkhof, Rik","contributorId":171880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanninkhof","given":"Rik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Alin, Simone R.","contributorId":176392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alin","given":"Simone","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Balestrini, Carlos F.","contributorId":176393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balestrini","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Barbero, Leticia","contributorId":176396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbero","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Bates, Nicholas","contributorId":146218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16634,"text":"Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Bianchi, Alejandro A.","contributorId":176397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Alejandro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Bonou, Frederic","contributorId":176398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonou","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Boutin, Jacqueline","contributorId":176399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boutin","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Bozec, Yann","contributorId":176400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bozec","given":"Yann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Burger, Eugene F.","contributorId":176401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Cai, Wei-Jun","contributorId":176402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Wei-Jun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27264,"text":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Castle, Robert D.","contributorId":176404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Chen, Liqi","contributorId":176405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Liqi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Chierici, Melissa","contributorId":176406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chierici","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Currie, Kim","contributorId":176407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Currie","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Evans, Wiley","contributorId":176408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Wiley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Featherstone, Charles","contributorId":176409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Featherstone","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Feely, Richard","contributorId":70888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feely","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Fransson, Agneta","contributorId":176410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fransson","given":"Agneta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Goyet, Catherine","contributorId":176411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyet","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Greenwood, Naomi","contributorId":176412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Naomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Gregor, Luke","contributorId":176413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregor","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Hankin, Steven C.","contributorId":176414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hankin","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17605,"text":"NOAA, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.","contributorId":176415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardman-Mountford","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Harlay, Jerome","contributorId":176417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlay","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Hauck, Judith","contributorId":176418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauck","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Hoppema, Mario","contributorId":176419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoppema","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":46},{"text":"Humphreys, Matthew P.","contributorId":176420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":47},{"text":"Hunt, Christopher W.","contributorId":176421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":48},{"text":"Huss, Betty","contributorId":176422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huss","given":"Betty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49},{"text":"Ibanhez, J. Severino P.","contributorId":176423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibanhez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Severino P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":50},{"text":"Johannessen, Truls","contributorId":176424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johannessen","given":"Truls","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Keeling, Ralph F. 0000-0002-9749-2253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2253","contributorId":92150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeling","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Kitidis, Vassilis","contributorId":176425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitidis","given":"Vassilis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Kortzinger, Arne","contributorId":176426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kortzinger","given":"Arne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Kozyr, Alex","contributorId":176427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozyr","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Krasakopoulou, Evangelia","contributorId":176428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krasakopoulou","given":"Evangelia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55},{"text":"Kuwata, Akira","contributorId":176429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuwata","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":56},{"text":"Landschutzer, Peter","contributorId":176430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landschutzer","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":57},{"text":"Lauvset, Siv K.","contributorId":176431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauvset","given":"Siv","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":58},{"text":"Lefevre, Nathalie","contributorId":176432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefevre","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":59},{"text":"Lo Monaco, Claire","contributorId":176433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lo Monaco","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":60},{"text":"Manke, Ansley","contributorId":176434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manke","given":"Ansley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Mathis, Jeremy T.","contributorId":146187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mathis","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Merlivat, Liliane","contributorId":176435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merlivat","given":"Liliane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63},{"text":"Millero, Frank J.","contributorId":176436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millero","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":64},{"text":"Monteiro, Pedro M. S.","contributorId":176437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteiro","given":"Pedro","email":"","middleInitial":"M. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":65},{"text":"Munro, David R.","contributorId":176438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":66},{"text":"Murata, Akihiko","contributorId":176439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murata","given":"Akihiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":67},{"text":"Newberger, Timothy","contributorId":176440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newberger","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":68},{"text":"Omar, Abdirahman M.","contributorId":176441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Omar","given":"Abdirahman","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":69},{"text":"Ono, Tsuneo","contributorId":176442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ono","given":"Tsuneo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":70},{"text":"Paterson, Kristina","contributorId":176444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":71},{"text":"Pearce, David","contributorId":176445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearce","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":72},{"text":"Pierrot, Denis","contributorId":176446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierrot","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":73},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":74},{"text":"Saito, Shu","contributorId":176447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saito","given":"Shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":75},{"text":"Salisbury, Joe","contributorId":176448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":76},{"text":"Schlitzer, Reiner","contributorId":176449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlitzer","given":"Reiner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":77},{"text":"Schneider, Bernd","contributorId":176450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":78},{"text":"Schweitzer, Roland","contributorId":176451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":79},{"text":"Sieger, Rainer","contributorId":176452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sieger","given":"Rainer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":80},{"text":"Skjelvan, Ingunn","contributorId":176453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skjelvan","given":"Ingunn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":81},{"text":"Sullivan, Kevin F.","contributorId":176454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":82},{"text":"Sutherland, Stewart C.","contributorId":176455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":83},{"text":"Sutton, Adrienne J.","contributorId":98872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":84},{"text":"Tadokoro, Kazuaki","contributorId":176456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadokoro","given":"Kazuaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":85},{"text":"Telszewski, Maciej","contributorId":176457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Telszewski","given":"Maciej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":86},{"text":"Tuma, Matthias","contributorId":176458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuma","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":87},{"text":"van Heuven, Steven M. A. C.","contributorId":176459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heuven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M. A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":88},{"text":"Vandemark, Douglas","contributorId":171879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandemark","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":89},{"text":"Ward, Brian","contributorId":176460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":90},{"text":"Watson, Andrew J.","contributorId":176461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":91},{"text":"Xu, Suqing","contributorId":176462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Suqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":92}]}} ,{"id":70177932,"text":"70177932 - 2016 - Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T14:33:17","indexId":"70177932","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis in nature","docAbstract":"Amphibians across the planet face the threat of population decline and extirpation caused by the disease chytridiomycosis. Despite consensus that the fungal pathogens responsible for the disease are conservation issues, strategies to mitigate their impacts in the natural world are, at best, nascent. Reducing risk associated with the movement of amphibians, non-amphibian vectors and other sources of infection remains the first line of defence and a primary objective when mitigating the threat of disease in wildlife. Amphibian-associated chytridiomycete fungi and chytridiomycosis are already widespread, though, and we therefore focus on discussing options for mitigating the threats once disease emergence has occurred in wild amphibian populations. All strategies have shortcomings that need to be overcome before implementation, including stronger efforts towards understanding and addressing ethical and legal considerations. Even if these issues can be dealt with, all currently available approaches, or those under discussion, are unlikely to yield the desired conservation outcome of disease mitigation. The decision process for establishing mitigation strategies requires integrated thinking that assesses disease mitigation options critically and embeds them within more comprehensive strategies for the conservation of amphibian populations, communities and ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2016.0207","usgsCitation":"Garner, T.W., Schmidt, B.R., Martel, A., Pasmans, F., Muths, E.L., Cunningham, A.A., Weldon, C., Fisher, M.C., and Bosch, J., 2016, Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis in nature: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 371, no. 1709, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0207.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-078852","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"371","issue":"1709","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125be4b0b5a0c12ab644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Trenton W. J.","contributorId":176463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Benedikt R.","contributorId":151239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Benedikt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martel, An","contributorId":176464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martel","given":"An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pasmans, Frank","contributorId":176466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasmans","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, Andrew A.","contributorId":14710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weldon, Che","contributorId":176467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weldon","given":"Che","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisher, Matthew C.","contributorId":127711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bosch, Jaime","contributorId":167060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bosch","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70177921,"text":"70177921 - 2016 - Environmental factors influence lesser scaup migration chronology and population monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:40:06","indexId":"70177921","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental factors influence lesser scaup migration chronology and population monitoring","docAbstract":"Identifying environmental metrics specific to lesser scaup (Aythya affinis; scaup) spring migration chronology may help inform development of conservation, management and population monitoring. Our objective was to determine how environmental conditions influence spring migration of lesser scaup to assess the effectiveness of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey in accurately estimating scaup populations. We first compared peak timing of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and scaup migration from weekly ground surveys in North Dakota, USA because the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey is designed to capture annual mallard migration. As predicted, we detected that peak timing of scaup and mallard migrations differed in 25 of 36 years investigated (1980–2010). We marked scaup with satellite transmitters (n = 78; 7,403 locations) at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada; Pool 19 of the Mississippi River, Iowa and Illinois, USA; and Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, USA. We tested the assumption that our marked scaup were representative of the continental population using the traditional survey area by comparing timing of migration of marked birds and scaup counted in the North Dakota Game and Fish Department survey. We detected a strong positive correlation between marked scaup and the survey data, which indicated that marked scaup were representative of the population. We subsequently used our validated sample of marked scaup to investigate the effects of annual variation in temperature, precipitation, and ice cover on spring migration chronology in the traditional and eastern survey areas of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, 2005–2010. We evaluated competing environmental models to explain variation in timing and rate of scaup migration at large-scale and local levels. Spring migration of scaup occurred earlier and faster during springs with warmer temperatures and greater precipitation, variables known to influence energy budgets and wetland availability. Our results suggest that surveys designed to index abundance of breeding mallards is imprecise for estimating scaup abundance, and inaccurate at estimating breeding population size by survey stratum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21131","usgsCitation":"Finger, T.A., Afton, A.D., Schummer, M.L., Petrie, S.A., Badzinski, S.S., Johnson, M.A., Szymanski, M.L., Jacobs, K.J., Olsen, G.H., and Mitchell, M., 2016, Environmental factors influence lesser scaup migration chronology and population monitoring: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 8, p. 1437-1449, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21131.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1449","ipdsId":"IP-068193","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"80","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125de4b0b5a0c12ab662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, Taylor A.","contributorId":176345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finger","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schummer, Michael L.","contributorId":176347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schummer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petrie, Scott A.","contributorId":141223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13717,"text":"Long Point Waterfowl","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badzinski, Shannon S.","contributorId":176348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badzinski","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Michael A.","contributorId":174789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Szymanski, Michael L.","contributorId":176349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jacobs, Kevin J.","contributorId":176350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitchell, M.E.","contributorId":176351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70177922,"text":"70177922 - 2016 - Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:10:56","indexId":"70177922","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status","docAbstract":"The need for alternative approaches to the use of vertebrate animals for hazard assessment of chemicals and pollutants has become of increasing importance. It is now the first consideration when initiating a vertebrate ecotoxicity test, to ensure that unnecessary use of vertebrate organisms is minimized wherever possible. For some regulatory purposes, the use of vertebrate organisms for environmental risk assessments has been banned; in other situations, the number of organisms tested has been dramatically reduced or the severity of the procedure refined. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve a complete replacement of vertebrate organisms to generate environmental hazard data. The development of animal alternatives is based not just on ethical considerations but also on reducing the cost of performing vertebrate ecotoxicity tests and in some cases on providing better information aimed at improving environmental risk assessments. The present Focus article provides an overview of the considerable advances that have been made toward alternative approaches for ecotoxicity assessments over the last few decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.3603","usgsCitation":"Lillicrap, A., Belanger, S., Burden, N., Du Pasquier, D., Embry, M., Halder, M., Lampi, M., Lee, L., Norberg-King, T.J., Rattner, B.A., Schirmer, K., and Thomas, P., 2016, Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2637-2646, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3603.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2637","endPage":"2646","ipdsId":"IP-075322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillicrap, Adam","contributorId":176352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillicrap","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belanger, Scott","contributorId":176353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belanger","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burden, Natalie","contributorId":176354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burden","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Du Pasquier, David","contributorId":176355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du Pasquier","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Embry, Michelle","contributorId":176356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Embry","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halder, Marlies","contributorId":176357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halder","given":"Marlies","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lampi, Mark","contributorId":176358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lampi","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Lucy","contributorId":176359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norberg-King, Teresa J.","contributorId":175087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schirmer, Kristin","contributorId":176360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schirmer","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, Paul","contributorId":176361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70177924,"text":"70177924 - 2016 - Sources, distributions and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Canada and Makarov Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:08:30","indexId":"70177924","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, distributions and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Canada and Makarov Basins","docAbstract":"A comprehensive survey of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was conducted in the Canada and Makarov Basins and adjacent seas during 2010–2012 to investigate the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Sources and distributions of DOM in polar surface waters were very heterogeneous and closely linked to hydrological conditions. Canada Basin surface waters had relatively low DOC concentrations (69 ± 6 μmol L−1), CDOM absorption (a325: 0.32 ± 0.07 m−1) and CDOM-derived lignin phenols (3 ± 0.4 nmol L−1), and high spectral slope values (S275–295: 31.7 ± 2.3 μm−1), indicating minor terrigenous inputs and evidence of photochemical alteration in the Beaufort Gyre. By contrast, surface waters of the Makarov Basin had elevated DOC (108 ± 9 μmol L−1) and lignin phenol concentrations (15 ± 3 nmol L−1), high a325 values (1.36 ± 0.18 m−1), and low S275–295 values (22.8 ± 0.8 μm−1), indicating pronounced Siberian river inputs associated with the Transpolar Drift and minor photochemical alteration. Observations near the Mendeleev Plain suggested limited interactions of the Transpolar Drift with Canada Basin waters, a scenario favoring export of Arctic DOM to the North Atlantic. The influence of sea-ice melt on DOM was region-dependent, resulting in an increase (Beaufort Sea), a decrease (Bering-Chukchi Seas), and negligible change (deep basins) in surface DOC concentrations and a325 values. Halocline structures differed between basins, but the Canada Basin upper halocline and Makarov Basin halocline were comparable in their average DOC (65–70 μmol L−1) and lignin phenol concentrations (3–4 nmol L−1) and S275–295 values (22.9–23.7 μm−1). Deep-water DOC concentrations decreased by 6–8 μmol L−1 with increasing depth, water mass age, nutrient concentrations, and apparent oxygen utilization. Maximal estimates of DOC degradation rates (0.036–0.039 μmol L−1 yr−1) in the deep Arctic were lower than those in other ocean basins, possibly due to low water temperatures. DOC concentrations in bottom waters (>2500 m; 46 ± 2 μmol L−1) of the Canada and Makarov Basins were slightly lower than those reported for deep waters of the Eurasian Basin and Nordic Seas. Elevated a325 values (by 10–20%) were observed near the seafloor, indicating biological activity in Arctic basin sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2016.00198","usgsCitation":"Shen, Y., Benner, R., Robbins, L.L., and Wynn, J., 2016, Sources, distributions and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Canada and Makarov Basins: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 3, 198, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00198.","productDescription":"198, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-078968","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, Yuan","contributorId":176364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Yuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benner, Ronald","contributorId":176363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benner","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wynn, Jonathan","contributorId":9943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177782,"text":"ds1025 - 2016 - Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T14:14:58.18205","indexId":"ds1025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1025","displayTitle":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2015","title":"Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is hydrologically defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift between San Acacia to the south and Cochiti Lake to the north. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) began treatment and distribution of surface water from the Rio Grande through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project. A 20-percent population increase in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22-percent population increase from 2000 to 2010 may have resulted in an increased demand for water in areas within the basin.
An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the Albuquerque Basin. In 1983, this network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly. The network currently (2015) consists of 124 wells and piezometers. (A piezometer is a specialized well open to a specific depth in the aquifer, often of small diameter and nested with other piezometers open to different depths.) The USGS, in cooperation with the ABCWUA, currently (2015) measures and reports water levels from the 124 wells and piezometers in the network; this report presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at those 124 sites through water year 2015 (October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1025","isbn":"978-1-4113-4091-6","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., and Bryant, C.F., 2016, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015 (ver. 1.1, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1025, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1025.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079076","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1025 Version History"},{"id":388364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/ds1025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1025"},{"id":330503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5,\n 34.2\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 34.2\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 34.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2021","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Consistent and reliable sediment data are needed by Federal, State, and local government agencies responsible for monitoring water quality, planning river restoration, quantifying sediment budgets, and evaluating the effectiveness of sediment reduction strategies. Heightened concerns about excessive sediment in rivers and the challenge to reduce costs and eliminate data gaps has guided Federal and State interests in pursuing alternative methods for measuring suspended and bedload sediment. Simple and dependable data collection and estimation techniques are needed to generate hydraulic and water-quality information for areas where data are unavailable or difficult to collect.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, completed a study to evaluate the use of dimensionless sediment rating curves (DSRCs) to accurately predict suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs), bedload, and annual sediment loads for selected rivers and streams in Minnesota based on data collected during 2007 through 2013. This study included the application of DSRC models developed for a small group of streams located in the San Juan River Basin near Pagosa Springs in southwestern Colorado to rivers in Minnesota. Regionally based DSRC models for Minnesota also were developed and compared to DSRC models from Pagosa Springs, Colorado, to evaluate which model provided more accurate predictions of SSCs and bedload in Minnesota.
Multiple measures of goodness-of-fit were developed to assess the effectiveness of DSRC models in predicting SSC and bedload for rivers in Minnesota. More than 600 dimensionless ratio values of SSC, bedload, and streamflow were evaluated and delineated according to Pfankuch stream stability categories of “good/fair” and “poor” to develop four Minnesota-based DSRC models. The basis for Pagosa Springs and Minnesota DSRC model effectiveness was founded on measures of goodness-of-fit that included proximity of the model(s) fitted line to the 95-percent confidence intervals of the site-specific model, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values, model biases, and deviation of annual sediment loads from each model to the annual sediment loads calculated from measured data.
Composite plots comparing Pagosa Springs DSRCs, Minnesota DSRCs, site-specific regression models, and measured data indicated that regionally developed DSRCs (Minnesota DSRC models) more closely approximated measured data for nearly every site. Pagosa Springs DSRC models had markedly larger exponents (slopes) when compared to the Minnesota DSRC models and the site-specific regression models, and over-represent SSC and bedload at streamflows exceeding bankfull. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values for the Minnesota DSRC model for suspended-sediment concentrations closely matched Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values of the site-specific regression models for 12 out of 16 sites. Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values associated with Minnesota DSRCs were greater than those associated with Pagosa Springs DSRCs for every site except the Whitewater River near Beaver, Minnesota site. Pagosa Springs DSRC models were less accurate than the mean of the measured data at predicting SSC values for one-half of the sites for good/fair stability sites and one-half of the sites for poor stability sites. Relative model biases were calculated and determined to be substantial (greater than 5 percent) for Pagosa Springs and Minnesota models, with Minnesota models having a lower mean model bias. For predicted annual suspended-sediment loads (SSL), the Minnesota DSRC models for good/fair and poor stream stability sites more closely approximated the annual SSLs calculated from the measured data as compared to the Pagosa Springs DSRC model.
Results of data analyses indicate that DSRC models developed using data collected in Minnesota were more effective at compensating for differences in individual stream characteristics across a variety of basin sizes and flow regimes than DSRC models developed using data collected for Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Minnesota DSRC models retained a substantial portion of the unique sediment signatures for most rivers, although deviations were observed for streams with limited sediment supply and for rivers in southeastern Minnesota, which had markedly larger regression exponents. Compared to Pagosa Springs DSRC models, Minnesota DSRC models had regression slopes that more closely matched the slopes of site-specific regression models, had greater Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values, had lower model biases, and approximated measured annual sediment loads more closely. The results presented in this report indicate that regionally based DSRCs can be used to estimate reasonably accurate values of SSC and bedload.
Practitioners are cautioned that DSRC reliability is dependent on representative measures of bankfull streamflow, SSC, and bedload. It is, therefore, important that samples of SSC and bedload, which will be used for estimating SSC and bedload at the bankfull streamflow, are collected over a range of conditions that includes the ascending and descending limbs of the event hydrograph. The use of DSRC models may have substantial limitations for certain conditions. For example, DSRC models should not be used to predict SSC and sediment loads for extreme streamflows, such as those that exceed twice the bankfull streamflow value because this constitutes conditions beyond the realm of current (2016) empirical modeling capability. Also, if relations between SSC and streamflow and between bedload and streamflow are not statistically significant, DSRC models should not be used to predict SSC or bedload, as this could result in large errors. For streams that do not violate these conditions, DSRC estimates of SSC and bedload can be used for stream restoration planning and design, and for estimating annual sediment loads for streams where little or no sediment data are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Ellison, C.A., Groten, J.T., Lorenz, D.L., and Koller, K.S., 2016, Application of dimensionless sediment rating curves to predict suspended-sediment concentrations, bedload, and annual sediment loads for rivers in Minnesota (ver. 1.1, January 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5146, 68 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165146.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 68 p.; 3 Appendix Tables","startPage":"1","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078848","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330500,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-3.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–3","size":"13.2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–3"},{"id":372046,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/versionHist.txt","text":"Version 1.1","size":"1.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":372045,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report—Version 1.1","size":"5.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146"},{"id":330498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–1","size":"162 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–1"},{"id":330499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–2","size":"140 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–2"},{"id":330496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
Behavior of coastal systems on time scales ranging from single storm events to years and decades is controlled by both small-scale sediment transport processes and large-scale geologic, oceanographic, and morphologic processes. Improved understanding of coastal behavior at multiple time scales is required for refining models that predict potential erosion hazards and for coastal management planning and decision-making. Here we investigate the primary controls on shoreline response along a geologically-variable barrier island on time scales resolving extreme storms and decadal variations over a period of nearly one century. An empirical orthogonal function analysis is applied to a time series of shoreline positions at Fire Island, NY to identify patterns of shoreline variance along the length of the island. We establish that there are separable patterns of shoreline behavior that represent response to oceanographic forcing as well as patterns that are not explained by this forcing. The dominant shoreline behavior occurs over large length scales in the form of alternating episodes of shoreline retreat and advance, presumably in response to storms cycles. Two secondary responses include long-term response that is correlated to known geologic variations of the island and the other reflects geomorphic patterns with medium length scale. Our study also includes the response to Hurricane Sandy and a period of post-storm recovery. It was expected that the impacts from Hurricane Sandy would disrupt long-term trends and spatial patterns. We found that the response to Sandy at Fire Island is not notable or distinguishable from several other large storms of the prior decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Plant, N.G., Henderson, R., Schwab, W.C., and Nelson, T., 2016, Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics: Marine Geology, v. 381, p. 42-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-079791","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.666666\n ],\n [\n -72.666666,\n 40.666666\n ],\n [\n -72.666666,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"381","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125de4b0b5a0c12ab671","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hapke Cheryl J., Plant Nathaniel G., Henderson Rachel.E., Schwab William C., Nelson Timothy R.","journalName":"Marine Geology","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":652274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Rachel E. 0000-0001-5810-7941 rhehre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-7941","contributorId":4934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rachel E.","email":"rhehre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Timothy R. trnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":176362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Timothy R. ","email":"trnelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177926,"text":"70177926 - 2016 - Optimization of a sample processing protocol for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:16:22","indexId":"70177926","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2390,"text":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization of a sample processing protocol for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from soil","docAbstract":"Following a release of Bacillus anthracis spores into the environment, there is a potential for lasting environmental contamination in soils. There is a need for detection protocols for B. anthracis in environmental matrices. However, identification of B. anthracis within a soil is a difficult task. Processing soil samples helps to remove debris, chemical components, and biological impurities that can interfere with microbiological detection. This study aimed to optimize a previously used indirect processing protocol, which included a series of washing and centrifugation steps. Optimization of the protocol included: identifying an ideal extraction diluent, variation in the number of wash steps, variation in the initial centrifugation speed, sonication and shaking mechanisms. The optimized protocol was demonstrated at two laboratories in order to evaluate the recovery of spores from loamy and sandy soils. The new protocol demonstrated an improved limit of detection for loamy and sandy soils over the non-optimized protocol with an approximate matrix limit of detection at 14 spores/g of soil. There were no significant differences overall between the two laboratories for either soil type, suggesting that the processing protocol will be robust enough to use at multiple laboratories while achieving comparable recoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.013","collaboration":"US Environmental Protection Agency; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Silvestri, E.E., Feldhake, D., Griffin, D., Lisle, J.T., Nichols, T.L., Shah, S., Pemberton, A., and Schaefer III, F., 2016, Optimization of a sample processing protocol for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from soil: Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 130, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-074239","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvestri, Erin E.","contributorId":127343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvestri","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldhake, David","contributorId":176367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldhake","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Dale dgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":176366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":652287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, Tonya L.","contributorId":127345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Tonya","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shah, Sanjiv","contributorId":176370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shah","given":"Sanjiv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pemberton, A","contributorId":176369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pemberton","given":"A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schaefer III, Frank W","contributorId":176368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer III","given":"Frank W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179704,"text":"70179704 - 2016 - Food webs of the Delta, Suisun Bay and Suisun Marsh: an update on current understanding and possibilities for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:10:33","indexId":"70179704","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food webs of the Delta, Suisun Bay and Suisun Marsh: an update on current understanding and possibilities for management","docAbstract":"This paper reviews and highlights recent research findings on foodweb processes since an earlier review by Kimmerer et al. (2008). We conduct this review within a conceptual framework of the Delta-Suisun food web, which includes both temporal and spatial components. The temporal component is based on knowledge that the landscape has changed markedly from historical conditions. The spatial component of our framework acknowledges that the food web is not spatially static; it varies regionally and across habitat types within regions. The review highlights the idea of a changing baseline with respect to foodweb function. New research also indicates that interactions between habitat-specific food webs vary across the current landscape. For example, based on early work in the South Delta, the food web associated with submerged aquatic vegetation was thought to provide little support to species of concern; however, data from other regions of the estuary suggest that this conceptual model may not apply across the entire region. Habitat restoration has been proposed as a method of re-establishing historic foodweb processes to support species of concern. Benefits are likely for species that directly access such restored habitats, but are less clear for pelagic species. Several topics require attention to further improve the knowledge of food webs needed to support effective management, including: 1) synthesis of factors responsible for low pelagic biomass; 2) monitoring and research on effects of harmful algal blooms; 3) broadening the scope of long-term monitoring; 4) determining benefits of tidal wetland restoration to species of concern, including evaluations of interactions of habitat-specific food webs; and 5) interdisciplinary analysis and synthesis. The only certainty is that food webs will continue to change in response to the changes in the physical environment and new species invasions.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California at Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment and the Delta Stewardship Council","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art4","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Kimmerer, W.J., Conrad, L., Lesmeister, S., and Mueller-Solger, A., 2016, Food webs of the Delta, Suisun Bay and Suisun Marsh: an update on current understanding and possibilities for management: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 14, no. 3, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art4.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071951","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Californina","otherGeospatial":" Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, Suisun Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.67633056640624,\n 38.542795073979015\n ],\n [\n -121.74087524414064,\n 38.49874308602779\n ],\n [\n -121.8548583984375,\n 38.41378642476067\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 38.299636831993\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 38.21984085877146\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 38.1442775452969\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -122.15972900390624,\n 37.99291593373803\n ],\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -122.04574584960938,\n 37.86401247373357\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 37.785910776551354\n ],\n [\n -121.69418334960939,\n 37.74791482485267\n ],\n [\n -121.54312133789062,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -121.40853881835936,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -121.31240844726562,\n 37.76854362092148\n ],\n [\n -121.28631591796874,\n 37.83798775896512\n ],\n [\n -121.30142211914061,\n 37.9593578107923\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 38.05457952821193\n ],\n [\n -121.40167236328125,\n 38.12807521211548\n ],\n [\n -121.47171020507811,\n 38.1442775452969\n ],\n [\n -121.50054931640625,\n 38.16587506003647\n ],\n [\n -121.45523071289061,\n 38.20689271417069\n ],\n [\n -121.44973754882812,\n 38.244651696093634\n ],\n [\n -121.47994995117188,\n 38.279157039458326\n ],\n [\n -121.53350830078124,\n 38.33627045638025\n ],\n [\n -121.58706665039062,\n 38.424545962509164\n ],\n [\n -121.58843994140625,\n 38.46756808589088\n ],\n [\n -121.56234741210938,\n 38.50626606567193\n ],\n [\n -121.53488159179686,\n 38.541720956040386\n ],\n [\n -121.53900146484375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -121.67633056640624,\n 38.542795073979015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5a9e4b0847d353f44ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim J.","contributorId":59169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, Louise 0000-0002-1145-7503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-7503","contributorId":178273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrad","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lesmeister, Sarah","contributorId":178274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller-Solger, Anke 0000-0002-2469-4284 amueller-solger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-4284","contributorId":178275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller-Solger","given":"Anke","email":"amueller-solger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177894,"text":"70177894 - 2016 - Dynamic reusable workflows for ocean science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:13:47","indexId":"70177894","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2380,"text":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic reusable workflows for ocean science","docAbstract":"Digital catalogs of ocean data have been available for decades, but advances in standardized services and software for catalog search and data access make it now possible to create catalog-driven workflows that automate — end-to-end — data search, analysis and visualization of data from multiple distributed sources. Further, these workflows may be shared, reused and adapted with ease. Here we describe a workflow developed within the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) which automates the skill-assessment of water temperature forecasts from multiple ocean forecast models, allowing improved forecast products to be delivered for an open water swim event. A series of Jupyter Notebooks are used to capture and document the end-to-end workflow using a collection of Python tools that facilitate working with standardized catalog and data services. The workflow first searches a catalog of metadata using the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Catalog Service for the Web (CSW), then accesses data service endpoints found in the metadata records using the OGC Sensor Observation Service (SOS) for in situ sensor data and OPeNDAP services for remotely-sensed and model data. Skill metrics are computed and time series comparisons of forecast model and observed data are displayed interactively, leveraging the capabilities of modern web browsers. The resulting workflow not only solves a challenging specific problem, but highlights the benefits of dynamic, reusable workflows in general. These workflows adapt as new data enters the data system, facilitate reproducible science, provide templates from which new scientific workflows can be developed, and encourage data providers to use standardized services. As applied to the ocean swim event, the workflow exposed problems with two of the ocean forecast products which led to improved regional forecasts once errors were corrected. While the example is specific, the approach is general, and we hope to see increased use of dynamic notebooks across the geoscience domains.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/jmse4040068","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Fernandez, F., and Wilcox, K., 2016, Dynamic reusable workflows for ocean science: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 4, no. 4, Article 68; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse4040068.","productDescription":"Article 68; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079560","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse4040068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c527e4b0f497e7972c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. 0000-0003-0682-9613 rsignell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-9613","contributorId":140906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, Filipe","contributorId":176280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Filipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Kyle","contributorId":176282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177881,"text":"70177881 - 2016 - Snake fungal disease: An emerging threat to wild snakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-20T15:41:47.714161","indexId":"70177881","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snake fungal disease: An emerging threat to wild snakes","docAbstract":"Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused byOphidiomyces ophiodiicola, a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0457","usgsCitation":"Lorch, J.M., Knowles, S., Lankton, J.S., Michell, K., Edwards, J.L., Kapfer, J.M., Staffen, R.A., Wild, E.R., Schmidt, K.Z., Ballmann, A., Blodgett, D., Farrell, T.M., Glorioso, B.M., Last, L.A., Price, S.J., Schuler, K.L., Smith, C., Wellehan, J.F., and Blehert, D., 2016, Snake fungal disease: An emerging threat to wild snakes: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 371, 20150457; 8 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0457.","productDescription":"20150457; 8 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-075547","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462053,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0457","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438529,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z31WRB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Snake dermatitis data"},{"id":330379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Z31WRB","text":"Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes"}],"volume":"371","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f96e4b0f497e7961105","chorus":{"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0457","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0457","publisher":"The Royal Society","authors":"Lorch Jeffrey M., Knowles Susan, Lankton Julia S., Michell Kathy, Edwards Jaime L., Kapfer Joshua M., Staffen Richard A., Wild Erik R., Schmidt Katie Z., Ballmann Anne E., Blodgett Doug, Farrell Terence M., Glorioso Brad M., Last Lisa A., Price Steven J., Schuler Krysten L., Smith Christopher E., Wellehan James F. X., Blehert David S.","journalName":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","publicationDate":"10/24/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"10/24/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lankton, Julia S. 0000-0002-6843-4388 jlankton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4388","contributorId":5888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lankton","given":"Julia","email":"jlankton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michell, Kathy","contributorId":176246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michell","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Jaime L.","contributorId":176247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kapfer, Joshua M.","contributorId":176248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapfer","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staffen, Richard A.","contributorId":176249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staffen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wild, Erik R.","contributorId":176250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wild","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, Katie Z.","contributorId":176251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Blodgett, Doug","contributorId":176252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Farrell, Terence M.","contributorId":176253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farrell","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Last, Lisa A.","contributorId":176254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Last","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Price, Steven J. 0000-0002-2388-0579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-0579","contributorId":57738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten L.","contributorId":176255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Smith, Christopher","contributorId":176256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wellehan, James F. X. Jr.","contributorId":23859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellehan","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70175300,"text":"sir20165102 - 2016 - Estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic-mean flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-25T13:49:52","indexId":"sir20165102","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5102","title":"Estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic-mean flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in Indiana","docAbstract":"Information on low-flow characteristics of streams is essential for the management of water resources. This report provides equations for estimating the 1-, 7-, and 30-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years and the harmonic-mean flow at ungaged, unregulated stream sites in Indiana. These equations were developed using the low-flow statistics and basin characteristics for 108 continuous-record streamgages in Indiana with at least 10 years of daily mean streamflow data through the 2011 climate year (April 1 through March 31). The equations were developed in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management.
Regression techniques were used to develop the equations for estimating low-flow frequency statistics and the harmonic-mean flows on the basis of drainage-basin characteristics. A geographic information system was used to measure basin characteristics for selected streamgages. A final set of 25 basin characteristics measured at all the streamgages were evaluated to choose the best predictors of the low-flow statistics.
Logistic-regression equations applicable statewide are presented for estimating the probability that selected low-flow frequency statistics equal zero. These equations use the explanatory variables total drainage area, average transmissivity of the full thickness of the unconsolidated deposits within 1,000 feet of the stream network, and latitude of the basin outlet. The percentage of the streamgage low-flow statistics correctly classified as zero or nonzero using the logistic-regression equations ranged from 86.1 to 88.9 percent.
Generalized-least-squares regression equations applicable statewide for estimating nonzero low-flow frequency statistics use total drainage area, the average hydraulic conductivity of the top 70 feet of unconsolidated deposits, the slope of the basin, and the index of permeability and thickness of the Quaternary surficial sediments as explanatory variables. The average standard error of prediction of these regression equations ranges from 55.7 to 61.5 percent.
Regional weighted-least-squares regression equations were developed for estimating the harmonic-mean flows by dividing the State into three low-flow regions. The Northern region uses total drainage area and the average transmissivity of the entire thickness of unconsolidated deposits as explanatory variables. The Central region uses total drainage area, the average hydraulic conductivity of the entire thickness of unconsolidated deposits, and the index of permeability and thickness of the Quaternary surficial sediments. The Southern region uses total drainage area and the percent of the basin covered by forest. The average standard error of prediction for these equations ranges from 39.3 to 66.7 percent.
The regional regression equations are applicable only to stream sites with low flows unaffected by regulation and to stream sites with drainage basin characteristic values within specified limits. Caution is advised when applying the equations for basins with characteristics near the applicable limits and for basins with karst drainage features and for urbanized basins. Extrapolations near and beyond the applicable basin characteristic limits will have unknown errors that may be large. Equations are presented for use in estimating the 90-percent prediction interval of the low-flow statistics estimated by use of the regression equations at a given stream site.
The regression equations are to be incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats Web-based application for Indiana. StreamStats allows users to select a stream site on a map and automatically measure the needed basin characteristics and compute the estimated low-flow statistics and associated prediction intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., Fowler, K.K., and Arihood, L.D., 2016, Estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic-mean flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in Indiana (ver 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5102, 45 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165102.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 45 p.; Metadata; Read Me File; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066895","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327994,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/readme.pdf","text":"Additional information about SIR 2016–5102 - read me file","size":"15.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016 –5102 Read Me"},{"id":327992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/metadata","size":"184 kB","description":"SIR 2016 –5102 Metadata"},{"id":330301,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"699 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5102 Version History"},{"id":327993,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/rasters","size":"4.32 MB","description":"SIR 2016 –5102 Spatial Data"},{"id":327861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/sir20165102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016 –5102"},{"id":327860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5102/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.802483,40.528046],[-84.802547,40.50181],[-84.803928,40.462564],[-84.804504,40.411555],[-84.803917,40.310115],[-84.806175,40.197995],[-84.808291,40.129027],[-84.809737,40.048929],[-84.811212,39.995331],[-84.814179,39.814212],[-84.814129,39.72662],[-84.814619,39.669174],[-84.814323,39.655814],[-84.814955,39.566251],[-84.815754,39.477358],[-84.819451,39.305153],[-84.820159,39.227225],[-84.819802,39.157613],[-84.820157,39.10548],[-84.826246,39.10417],[-84.831197,39.10192],[-84.839515,39.095292],[-84.849574,39.088264],[-84.860689,39.07814],[-84.888873,39.066376],[-84.893873,39.062466],[-84.897364,39.057378],[-84.897171,39.052407],[-84.894281,39.049572],[-84.889065,39.04082],[-84.882856,39.034031],[-84.870168,39.025551],[-84.856959,39.011528],[-84.850354,39.00325],[-84.849445,39.000923],[-84.847094,38.997309],[-84.83983,38.99129],[-84.83712,38.988059],[-84.833473,38.981522],[-84.830619,38.974898],[-84.829857,38.969385],[-84.832617,38.96146],[-84.83516,38.957961],[-84.864731,38.934893],[-84.870759,38.929231],[-84.877762,38.920357],[-84.879268,38.916116],[-84.878817,38.913405],[-84.877029,38.909016],[-84.870124,38.900389],[-84.867778,38.899133],[-84.860759,38.897654],[-84.830472,38.897256],[-84.819073,38.895469],[-84.812746,38.895132],[-84.800247,38.89107],[-84.788143,38.883728],[-84.786406,38.88222],[-84.785234,38.880439],[-84.784579,38.87532],[-84.785799,38.869496],[-84.788302,38.864325],[-84.791002,38.860572],[-84.793714,38.857788],[-84.803247,38.850723],[-84.817169,38.84342],[-84.823363,38.839196],[-84.827488,38.834909],[-84.829958,38.830632],[-84.829886,38.825405],[-84.827098,38.818634],[-84.816506,38.80532],[-84.813939,38.800209],[-84.811645,38.792766],[-84.811752,38.789169],[-84.812877,38.786087],[-84.814641,38.784488],[-84.821378,38.783111],[-84.828714,38.783208],[-84.835672,38.784289],[-84.847918,38.788106],[-84.856904,38.790224],[-84.887919,38.794652],[-84.89393,38.793704],[-84.901874,38.790604],[-84.915234,38.784086],[-84.932977,38.777519],[-84.941071,38.775627],[-84.947644,38.775273],[-84.962535,38.778035],[-84.978723,38.77928],[-84.990006,38.778383],[-84.995939,38.776756],[-84.999949,38.774715],[-85.011772,38.766712],[-85.040938,38.755163],[-85.047967,38.750849],[-85.060264,38.744948],[-85.071928,38.741567],[-85.076369,38.739496],[-85.08218,38.735439],[-85.100963,38.7268],[-85.103313,38.725323],[-85.106979,38.72163],[-85.106902,38.720789],[-85.121357,38.711232],[-85.133049,38.702375],[-85.13868,38.699168],[-85.146861,38.695427],[-85.156158,38.692251],[-85.172528,38.688082],[-85.177112,38.688405],[-85.187278,38.687609],[-85.190507,38.68795],[-85.2045,38.691692],[-85.213257,38.695446],[-85.221124,38.700957],[-85.226062,38.705456],[-85.238665,38.722494],[-85.242434,38.726235],[-85.246505,38.731821],[-85.258846,38.737754],[-85.267639,38.739899],[-85.275454,38.741172],[-85.289226,38.74241],[-85.306049,38.741649],[-85.330807,38.736705],[-85.340953,38.733893],[-85.351776,38.731638],[-85.363827,38.730477],[-85.372284,38.730576],[-85.400481,38.73598],[-85.410925,38.73708],[-85.416631,38.736272],[-85.422021,38.734834],[-85.434065,38.729455],[-85.437766,38.726405],[-85.442271,38.71985],[-85.448862,38.713368],[-85.452114,38.709348],[-85.455967,38.695655],[-85.456978,38.689135],[-85.456481,38.685069],[-85.455486,38.68209],[-85.444815,38.670083],[-85.438742,38.659319],[-85.437738,38.648898],[-85.439458,38.632366],[-85.439351,38.610388],[-85.438594,38.605405],[-85.437446,38.601724],[-85.43617,38.598292],[-85.419883,38.573558],[-85.415821,38.563558],[-85.415272,38.555416],[-85.4156,38.546341],[-85.417322,38.540763],[-85.423077,38.531581],[-85.425787,38.52873],[-85.433136,38.523914],[-85.441725,38.520191],[-85.458496,38.5144],[-85.462518,38.512602],[-85.466691,38.51028],[-85.472221,38.506279],[-85.474354,38.504074],[-85.47767,38.49832],[-85.479472,38.494533],[-85.481246,38.488374],[-85.482897,38.485701],[-85.491422,38.474702],[-85.498866,38.468242],[-85.516939,38.461357],[-85.527164,38.45829],[-85.536542,38.456083],[-85.553304,38.45388],[-85.575254,38.453292],[-85.587758,38.450495],[-85.603833,38.442094],[-85.607629,38.439295],[-85.620521,38.423105],[-85.620329,38.421697],[-85.621625,38.417089],[-85.629961,38.402306],[-85.632937,38.395666],[-85.638041,38.380338],[-85.638521,38.376802],[-85.638009,38.366115],[-85.638777,38.361443],[-85.646201,38.342916],[-85.653641,38.327108],[-85.659897,38.319396],[-85.668698,38.310517],[-85.675017,38.301317],[-85.683561,38.295469],[-85.738746,38.269366],[-85.744862,38.26717],[-85.750962,38.26787],[-85.761062,38.27257],[-85.766563,38.27767],[-85.765763,38.279669],[-85.765963,38.280469],[-85.773363,38.286169],[-85.780963,38.288469],[-85.791563,38.288569],[-85.794063,38.287869],[-85.796063,38.286669],[-85.802563,38.284969],[-85.816164,38.282969],[-85.823764,38.280569],[-85.829364,38.276769],[-85.834864,38.268069],[-85.838064,38.257369],[-85.837964,38.25117],[-85.839664,38.23977],[-85.845464,38.23027],[-85.851436,38.223189],[-85.868564,38.211969],[-85.880264,38.203369],[-85.894764,38.188469],[-85.897664,38.184269],[-85.908764,38.161169],[-85.909464,38.14007],[-85.905164,38.11107],[-85.904564,38.10027],[-85.906163,38.08617],[-85.913163,38.07337],[-85.915643,38.06647],[-85.916987,38.061846],[-85.918379,38.054214],[-85.919563,38.041079],[-85.921371,38.032135],[-85.922395,38.028679],[-85.925418,38.023456],[-85.930235,38.018311],[-85.934635,38.014423],[-85.939483,38.010951],[-85.951467,38.005608],[-85.958299,38.004616],[-85.976028,38.00356],[-85.996582,38.000073],[-86.009127,37.998529],[-86.020655,37.996116],[-86.029509,37.99264],[-86.032468,37.9901],[-86.035012,37.984814],[-86.035279,37.981228],[-86.033386,37.970382],[-86.034355,37.964621],[-86.036013,37.961703],[-86.038188,37.95935],[-86.042354,37.958018],[-86.045208,37.958258],[-86.048458,37.959369],[-86.053912,37.963571],[-86.061731,37.971326],[-86.064859,37.975618],[-86.071644,37.9872],[-86.074915,37.993345],[-86.07398,37.995449],[-86.075393,37.996948],[-86.080034,38.000848],[-86.087525,38.005127],[-86.095766,38.00893],[-86.108156,38.013416],[-86.118208,38.015279],[-86.12757,38.016011],[-86.141063,38.01547],[-86.16731,38.009879],[-86.172186,38.00992],[-86.178983,38.011308],[-86.190927,38.016438],[-86.206439,38.021876],[-86.220371,38.027922],[-86.225519,38.03328],[-86.233057,38.039305],[-86.249972,38.04583],[-86.261273,38.052721],[-86.266891,38.057125],[-86.273584,38.067443],[-86.27872,38.089303],[-86.278656,38.098509],[-86.271223,38.130112],[-86.271802,38.137874],[-86.287773,38.15805],[-86.304155,38.167872],[-86.317139,38.172907],[-86.33281,38.182938],[-86.347736,38.195363],[-86.360377,38.198796],[-86.373801,38.193352],[-86.378151,38.185845],[-86.377434,38.171379],[-86.37174,38.164183],[-86.353625,38.159579],[-86.325941,38.154317],[-86.321274,38.147418],[-86.323453,38.139032],[-86.328398,38.132877],[-86.335145,38.129242],[-86.352466,38.128459],[-86.375324,38.130629],[-86.379775,38.129274],[-86.387216,38.124632],[-86.396215,38.107789],[-86.401653,38.105396],[-86.405068,38.105801],[-86.41876,38.117693],[-86.431749,38.126121],[-86.449793,38.127223],[-86.457115,38.124531],[-86.463248,38.119278],[-86.466081,38.114437],[-86.466217,38.106781],[-86.463858,38.101177],[-86.458795,38.096404],[-86.434046,38.086763],[-86.430091,38.078638],[-86.432789,38.067171],[-86.438236,38.060426],[-86.452192,38.05049],[-86.471903,38.046218],[-86.480393,38.045578],[-86.500051,38.045757],[-86.51176,38.044448],[-86.517289,38.042634],[-86.519404,38.041241],[-86.521825,38.038327],[-86.524969,38.027879],[-86.524385,38.018609],[-86.524656,38.012894],[-86.525671,38.007145],[-86.525844,37.998385],[-86.524888,37.981834],[-86.525174,37.968228],[-86.523831,37.962169],[-86.520503,37.954438],[-86.518575,37.951798],[-86.512588,37.94695],[-86.50939,37.942492],[-86.507043,37.936439],[-86.50662,37.930719],[-86.507831,37.928829],[-86.511005,37.92612],[-86.51924,37.922163],[-86.528279,37.918618],[-86.534156,37.917007],[-86.540722,37.916871],[-86.548507,37.917842],[-86.566256,37.922164],[-86.580322,37.923145],[-86.586542,37.922285],[-86.588581,37.921159],[-86.596125,37.914289],[-86.598452,37.910965],[-86.599848,37.906754],[-86.600096,37.901218],[-86.598151,37.884553],[-86.598317,37.88042],[-86.59939,37.874753],[-86.597476,37.871478],[-86.59732,37.870162],[-86.598108,37.867382],[-86.604624,37.858272],[-86.609163,37.855408],[-86.615215,37.852857],[-86.625763,37.847266],[-86.634271,37.843845],[-86.638265,37.842718],[-86.648028,37.841425],[-86.652516,37.841636],[-86.655286,37.842505],[-86.658268,37.844144],[-86.661637,37.849714],[-86.662495,37.856951],[-86.661233,37.862761],[-86.658374,37.869376],[-86.648727,37.886036],[-86.644754,37.894806],[-86.644039,37.898202],[-86.644143,37.902366],[-86.645513,37.906529],[-86.647081,37.908621],[-86.650087,37.910616],[-86.660888,37.913059],[-86.673038,37.914903],[-86.680929,37.91501],[-86.686015,37.913084],[-86.691994,37.908529],[-86.707816,37.898367],[-86.716138,37.894073],[-86.718462,37.893123],[-86.722247,37.892648],[-86.73146,37.89434],[-86.734718,37.896587],[-86.75099,37.912893],[-86.765054,37.93251],[-86.779993,37.956522],[-86.788044,37.97284],[-86.790597,37.980062],[-86.794985,37.988982],[-86.810913,37.99715],[-86.815267,37.998877],[-86.820071,37.999392],[-86.823491,37.998939],[-86.835161,37.99375],[-86.849027,37.99002],[-86.85595,37.987292],[-86.863224,37.982495],[-86.866936,37.979294],[-86.870388,37.975276],[-86.875874,37.97077],[-86.881338,37.967523],[-86.884961,37.964373],[-86.892084,37.955929],[-86.902413,37.946161],[-86.907131,37.943023],[-86.919329,37.936664],[-86.927747,37.934956],[-86.933357,37.934939],[-86.944633,37.933534],[-86.964785,37.932384],[-86.969044,37.932858],[-86.978834,37.930233],[-87.003301,37.922395],[-87.010315,37.919668],[-87.033444,37.906593],[-87.042249,37.898291],[-87.045101,37.893775],[-87.046237,37.889866],[-87.045894,37.887574],[-87.044144,37.884025],[-87.043407,37.87994],[-87.043049,37.875049],[-87.043854,37.870796],[-87.04926,37.859745],[-87.051452,37.853681],[-87.055404,37.835297],[-87.057836,37.827457],[-87.065388,37.810481],[-87.067836,37.806065],[-87.070732,37.801937],[-87.077404,37.796209],[-87.090636,37.787808],[-87.0999,37.78464],[-87.111133,37.782512],[-87.119229,37.782848],[-87.127533,37.78504],[-87.129629,37.786608],[-87.133149,37.792208],[-87.137502,37.807264],[-87.14195,37.816176],[-87.153486,37.832384],[-87.158878,37.837871],[-87.162319,37.840159],[-87.164863,37.841215],[-87.170831,37.842319],[-87.180063,37.841375],[-87.20224,37.843791],[-87.212416,37.846223],[-87.220944,37.849134],[-87.25525,37.867326],[-87.26293,37.872846],[-87.26989,37.879854],[-87.27437,37.882942],[-87.302324,37.898445],[-87.320036,37.905741],[-87.331765,37.908253],[-87.334165,37.908205],[-87.335397,37.907565],[-87.344933,37.911164],[-87.352614,37.916124],[-87.35471,37.918252],[-87.358294,37.92054],[-87.361638,37.921004],[-87.363622,37.922348],[-87.372327,37.930028],[-87.372711,37.930556],[-87.372039,37.931708],[-87.372439,37.932044],[-87.380247,37.935596],[-87.40116,37.941227],[-87.402632,37.942267],[-87.418585,37.944763],[-87.428521,37.944811],[-87.436859,37.944192],[-87.447786,37.942427],[-87.450458,37.941451],[-87.465514,37.93369],[-87.486347,37.920218],[-87.490411,37.916682],[-87.501131,37.909162],[-87.507483,37.90673],[-87.511499,37.906426],[-87.520284,37.912618],[-87.531532,37.916298],[-87.545901,37.922666],[-87.551277,37.925418],[-87.559342,37.931146],[-87.56587,37.93793],[-87.568398,37.941226],[-87.57203,37.947466],[-87.574287,37.954842],[-87.573415,37.962642],[-87.574715,37.967742],[-87.577915,37.971542],[-87.581115,37.973442],[-87.585916,37.975442],[-87.589816,37.976042],[-87.592916,37.975842],[-87.596716,37.974842],[-87.601416,37.972542],[-87.603816,37.968942],[-87.605216,37.965142],[-87.605216,37.961442],[-87.603516,37.958942],[-87.606216,37.949642],[-87.610816,37.944602],[-87.619488,37.938538],[-87.625616,37.933442],[-87.62896,37.926714],[-87.628416,37.92145],[-87.626256,37.916138],[-87.623296,37.910746],[-87.620272,37.906922],[-87.608479,37.898794],[-87.601967,37.895722],[-87.597118,37.892394],[-87.591582,37.887194],[-87.588426,37.868791],[-87.588729,37.860984],[-87.591504,37.856642],[-87.606599,37.838669],[-87.612426,37.83384],[-87.615399,37.831974],[-87.625014,37.829077],[-87.635806,37.827015],[-87.645858,37.825899],[-87.655171,37.826037],[-87.666522,37.827455],[-87.672397,37.829127],[-87.675538,37.831732],[-87.679188,37.836321],[-87.680689,37.84062],[-87.6819,37.84641],[-87.681633,37.855917],[-87.6754,37.865946],[-87.673186,37.868412],[-87.668879,37.871497],[-87.666175,37.874146],[-87.664101,37.877176],[-87.66282,37.881449],[-87.662865,37.885578],[-87.665025,37.893514],[-87.666481,37.895786],[-87.671457,37.899498],[-87.67573,37.90193],[-87.680338,37.903274],[-87.684018,37.903498],[-87.688338,37.902474],[-87.700915,37.897274],[-87.710675,37.893898],[-87.717971,37.89257],[-87.723635,37.892058],[-87.7333,37.894346],[-87.740148,37.89465],[-87.76226,37.890906],[-87.771004,37.886261],[-87.773015,37.884544],[-87.783643,37.877759],[-87.786407,37.876556],[-87.7909,37.875714],[-87.795185,37.875273],[-87.808013,37.875191],[-87.830578,37.876516],[-87.833883,37.877324],[-87.838102,37.879769],[-87.841193,37.882325],[-87.841615,37.883393],[-87.841693,37.887685],[-87.844691,37.892048],[-87.84559,37.893151],[-87.857243,37.900649],[-87.858738,37.902779],[-87.863097,37.911858],[-87.865558,37.915056],[-87.87254,37.920999],[-87.877325,37.924034],[-87.883321,37.926238],[-87.892471,37.92793],[-87.898062,37.927514],[-87.904789,37.924892],[-87.921744,37.907885],[-87.927769,37.900924],[-87.932129,37.89732],[-87.936784,37.892587],[-87.938365,37.890802],[-87.940069,37.88767],[-87.941021,37.879168],[-87.940005,37.875044],[-87.938128,37.870651],[-87.936228,37.867937],[-87.927303,37.858709],[-87.914892,37.849618],[-87.910276,37.843416],[-87.907773,37.837611],[-87.903804,37.817762],[-87.904595,37.812526],[-87.90681,37.807624],[-87.911087,37.805158],[-87.919138,37.802128],[-87.927543,37.799851],[-87.932554,37.797672],[-87.934936,37.79522],[-87.934698,37.791827],[-87.935861,37.789703],[-87.938598,37.787914],[-87.944506,37.775256],[-87.946463,37.773477],[-87.948594,37.772344],[-87.95259,37.771742],[-87.96003,37.773223],[-87.970262,37.781856],[-87.971805,37.784648],[-87.976389,37.788004],[-87.984358,37.7918],[-87.987157,37.792202],[-87.991168,37.794049],[-87.993099,37.795756],[-87.997102,37.797672],[-88.004706,37.800145],[-88.015144,37.80193],[-88.021021,37.801409],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.049528,37.81107],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.051771,37.817799],[-88.049079,37.826322],[-88.044145,37.830808],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.044593,37.840677],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.056705,37.85548],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.056705,37.872078],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.050425,37.882844],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.025831,38.007245],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.025304,38.038055],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.009603,38.04927],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.986725,38.076185],[-87.9948,38.083362],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.990763,38.110726],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.937162,38.172189],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.979548,38.228256],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.968968,38.237389],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.951277,38.26875],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.916746,38.284778],[-87.913606,38.276703],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.898802,38.276255],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.883102,38.293301],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.868747,38.299133],[-87.860224,38.291507],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.844972,38.29061],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.833757,38.299133],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.730699,38.442908],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.735729,38.452986],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.743535,38.467774],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.730768,38.478717],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.693188,38.488038],[-87.678374,38.498438],[-87.663701,38.502931],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.654166,38.511911],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.65578,38.521206],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.629362,38.589971],[-87.626444,38.591066],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.624143,38.596955],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.622375,38.618873],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.545538,38.677613],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.498948,38.757774],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.550515,38.85956],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.54737,38.875614],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.608517,39.082445],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.616636,39.08994],[-87.61726,39.096186],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.625379,39.101806],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.632249,39.106803],[-87.632874,39.11055],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.577029,39.211123],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.579163,39.232962],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.531355,39.437732],[-87.532703,39.664868],[-87.533227,39.883],[-87.531759,40.144273],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.525783,40.854357],[-87.526437,40.894209],[-87.526014,40.895582],[-87.526768,41.298052],[-87.526404,41.355812],[-87.52535,41.380851],[-87.525671,41.470115],[-87.52494,41.529735],[-87.525041,41.559235],[-87.524641,41.563335],[-87.524944,41.702635],[-87.524044,41.708335],[-87.520544,41.709935],[-87.515243,41.704235],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.505343,41.691535],[-87.470742,41.672835],[-87.463142,41.675535],[-87.453041,41.673035],[-87.446113,41.66934],[-87.441987,41.671905],[-87.43853,41.670679],[-87.432953,41.665102],[-87.432396,41.66053],[-87.438941,41.654335],[-87.42984,41.646035],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-87.394539,41.637235],[-87.365439,41.629536],[-87.324338,41.623036],[-87.287637,41.622236],[-87.278437,41.619736],[-87.261536,41.620336],[-87.22066,41.624356],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-87.160625,41.637266],[-87.160784,41.645385],[-87.125835,41.650302],[-87.120322,41.645701],[-87.066033,41.661845],[-87.027888,41.674661],[-86.93483,41.709638],[-86.90913,41.726938],[-86.875429,41.737939],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.519318,41.759447],[-86.041027,41.760512],[-85.791363,41.759051],[-85.607548,41.759079],[-85.30814,41.760097],[-85.17223,41.759618],[-85.039436,41.759985],[-84.972803,41.759366],[-84.805883,41.760216],[-84.80621,41.67455],[-84.803919,41.435531],[-84.803413,41.164649],[-84.80378,41.14052],[-84.803234,41.121414],[-84.803313,40.989394],[-84.80217,40.800601],[-84.802538,40.765515],[-84.802094,40.702476],[-84.802483,40.528046]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Indiana\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 6, 2016; Version 1.1: October 24, 2016","contact":"Director, Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd
Indianapolis, IN 46278
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) continues to serve as one of the most powerful and contested federal legislative mandates for conservation. In the midst of heated debates, researchers, policy makers, and conservation practitioners champion the importance of cooperative conservation and social-ecological systems approaches, which forge partnerships at multiple levels and scales to address complex ecosystem challenges. However, few real-world examples exist to demonstrate how multifaceted collaborations among stakeholders who share a common goal of conserving at-risk species may be nested within a systems framework to achieve social and ecological goals. Here, we present a case study of Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation efforts in the “Bi-State” region of California and Nevada, United States. Using key-informant interviews, we explored dimensions and drivers of this landscape-scale conservation effort. Three themes emerged from the interviews, including 1) ESA action was transformed into opportunity for system-wide conservation; 2) a diverse, locally based partnership anchored collaboration and engagement across multiple levels and scales; and 3) best-available science combined with local knowledge led to “certainty of effectiveness and implementation”—the criteria used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service to evaluate conservation efforts when making listing decisions. Ultimately, collaborative conservation through multistakeholder engagement at various levels and scales led to proactive planning and implementation of conservation measures and precluded the need for an ESA listing of the Bi-State population of Greater Sage-grouse. This article presents a potent example of how a systems approach integrating policy, management, and learning can be used to successfully overcome the conflict-laden and “wicked” challenges that surround at-risk species conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.001","usgsCitation":"Duvall, A.L., Metcalf, A.L., and Coates, P.S., 2016, Conserving the Greater Sage-grouse: A social-ecological systems case study from the California-Nevada region: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 129-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-074791","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.049682,33.914563],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.368278,34.076465],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.123144,36.111576],[-114.114165,36.096982],[-114.136896,36.059467],[-114.138202,36.041284],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.316109,36.063109],[-114.305738,36.074882],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.41695,36.145761],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.463637,36.139695],[-114.487034,36.129396],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.504631,36.145629],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.631716,36.142306],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.755618,36.087166],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.740617,36.041015],[-114.729707,36.028166],[-114.742779,36.009963],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.677883,35.876346],[-114.68201,35.863284],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.69571,35.830601],[-114.71211,35.806185],[-114.69891,35.790185],[-114.701409,35.769086],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.705409,35.708287],[-114.680607,35.685488],[-114.690008,35.664688],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.654306,35.59759],[-114.666184,35.577576],[-114.658005,35.530491],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.652005,35.429165],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.595931,35.325234],[-114.597503,35.296954],[-114.579963,35.20964],[-114.572119,35.200591],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.635237,34.965149],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134427,34.266387],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.161826,34.257038],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.462377,33.993781],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.526771,33.857357],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.51997,33.825381],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525007,33.659643],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.673626,33.223121],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.67536,33.185489],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.66506,33.033908],[-114.659832,33.032665],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.469039,32.972295],[-114.46773,32.956323],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691384,33.454028],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"70","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f97e4b0f497e7961107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duvall, Alison L","contributorId":176206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duvall","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metcalf, Alexander L.","contributorId":176207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalf","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177820,"text":"70177820 - 2016 - Assessing conservation tools for an at-risk shorebird: Feasibility of headstarting for American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T11:19:34","indexId":"70177820","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1048,"text":"Bird Conservation International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing conservation tools for an at-risk shorebird: Feasibility of headstarting for American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus","docAbstract":"Management of threatened and endangered populations of wildlife increasingly relies upon active intervention such as predator control, habitat manipulation, and ex situ breeding or care. One tool that has received consideration for the management of declining or threatened avian populations is headstarting, or the artificial incubation of eggs and subsequent placement of newly hatched chicks in original or foster nests. We assessed the feasibility of implementing a headstarting program for the American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of high conservation concern in the eastern USA. Annual productivity is often low and lost during incubation, suggesting artificial incubation could enhance annual productivity. We used a control-impact approach to assign nests as either control or headstart and measured daily survival rate, success of parents accepting headstarted chicks, attendance patterns and behaviours of parents, and chick survival. We also implemented a transparent scoring process to rate the success of each step and the overall program. Daily survival rates of nests were significantly higher at headstart compared to control nests, and parents continued to incubate when eggs were well secured at nest sites. Attendance patterns and behaviour did not differ between headstart and control parents, and parents readily accepted healthy chicks whether they were returned to original or foster nests. Chick survival and subsequently annual productivity were, however, not higher at headstart compared to control nests suggesting that although we were able to enhance nest survival, low chick survival was still limiting annual productivity. Ultimately, headstarting may be most appropriate for American Oystercatchers where productivity is lost primarily to flooding, predation, or disturbance during the incubation stage but not during the chick-rearing stage. If, for example, high rates of nest loss are due to predators that also may prey upon chicks, then headstarting may not be an effective conservation tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0959270916000095","usgsCitation":"Collins, S.A., Sanders, F.J., and Jodice, P.G., 2016, Assessing conservation tools for an at-risk shorebird: Feasibility of headstarting for American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus: Bird Conservation International, v. 26, no. 4, p. 451-465, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270916000095.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"465","ipdsId":"IP-058481","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f97e4b0f497e7961109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Samantha A.","contributorId":176233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, Felicia J.","contributorId":56574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Felicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35670,"text":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177857,"text":"70177857 - 2016 - Joint analysis of geodetic and earthquake fault-plane solution data to constrain magmatic sources: A case study from Kīlauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:04:38","indexId":"70177857","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint analysis of geodetic and earthquake fault-plane solution data to constrain magmatic sources: A case study from Kīlauea Volcano","docAbstract":"A joint analysis of geodetic and seismic datasets from Kīlauea Volcano during a period of magmatic unrest in 2006 demonstrates the effectiveness of this combination for testing and constraining models of magma dynamics for a complex, multi-source system. At the end of 2003, Kīlauea's summit began a four-year-long period of inflation due to a surge in magma supply to the volcano. In 2006, for the first time since 1982, Kīlauea's Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) also experienced inflation. To investigate the characteristics of active magma sources and the nature of their interactions with faults in the SWRZ during 2006, we integrate, through Coulomb stress modeling, contemporary geodetic data from InSAR and GPS with a new catalogue of double-couple fault-plane solutions for volcano-tectonic earthquakes. We define two periods of inflation during 2006 based on the rate of deformation measured in daily GPS data, spanning February to 15 March 2006 (Period 1) and 16 March to 30 September 2006 (Period 2). InSAR data for these two periods are inverted to determine the position, change in size, and shape of inflation sources in each period. Our new models are consistent with microseismic activity from each period. They suggest that, during Period 1, deformation in the SWRZ can be explained by pressurization of magma in a spherical reservoir beneath the south caldera, and that, during Period 2, magma was also aseismically intruded farther to the southwest into the SWRZ along a sub-horizontal plane. Our Coulomb stress analysis shows that the microseismicity recorded in the SWRZ is induced by overpressurization of the south caldera reservoir, and not by magma intrusion into the SWRZ. This study highlights the importance of a joint analysis of independent geophysical datasets to fully constrain the nature of magma accumulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.011","usgsCitation":"Wauthier, C., Roman, D.C., and Poland, M.P., 2016, Joint analysis of geodetic and earthquake fault-plane solution data to constrain magmatic sources: A case study from Kīlauea Volcano: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 455, p. 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-077131","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34942626953125,\n 19.199647272639126\n ],\n [\n -154.98687744140625,\n 19.199647272639126\n ],\n [\n -154.98687744140625,\n 19.4665922322076\n ],\n [\n -155.34942626953125,\n 19.4665922322076\n ],\n [\n -155.34942626953125,\n 19.199647272639126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"455","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f97e4b0f497e796110d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wauthier, Christelle","contributorId":176224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wauthier","given":"Christelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Diana C.","contributorId":176225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177863,"text":"70177863 - 2016 - Extending ordinal regression with a latent zero-augmented beta distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T13:19:39","indexId":"70177863","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extending ordinal regression with a latent zero-augmented beta distribution","docAbstract":"Ecological abundance data are often recorded on an ordinal scale in which the lowest\ncategory represents species absence. One common example is when plant species cover\nis visually assessedwithin bounded quadrats and then assigned to pre-defined cover class\ncategories.We present an ordinal beta hurdle model that directly models ordinal category\nprobabilitieswith a biologically realistic beta-distributed latent variable.Ahurdle-at-zero\nmodel allows ecologists to explore distribution (absence) and abundance processes in an\nintegrated framework. This provides an alternative to cumulative link models when data\nare inconsistent with the assumption that the odds ofmoving into a higher category are the\nsame for all categories (proportional odds). Graphical tools and a deviance information\ncriterion were developed to assess whether a hurdle-at-zero model should be used for\ninferences rather than standard ordinal methods. Hurdle-at-zero and non-hurdle ordinal\nmodels fit to vegetation cover class data produced substantially different conclusions.The\nordinal beta hurdle model yielded more precise parameter estimates than cumulative logit\nmodels, although out-of-sample predictions were similar. The ordinal beta hurdle model\nprovides inferences directly on the latent biological variable of interest, percent cover,\nand supports exploration of more realistic ecological patterns and processes through the\nhurdle-at-zero or two-part specification.We provide JAGS code as an on-line supplement.\nSupplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13253-016-0265-2","usgsCitation":"Irvine, K.M., Rodhouse, T., and Keren, I.N., 2016, Extending ordinal regression with a latent zero-augmented beta distribution: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 21, no. 4, p. 619-640, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-016-0265-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"640","ipdsId":"IP-063501","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f97e4b0f497e7961111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, T.J.","contributorId":10978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keren, Ilai. N.","contributorId":176229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keren","given":"Ilai.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179383,"text":"70179383 - 2016 - Weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A in North American waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:24:21","indexId":"70179383","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A in North American waterfowl","docAbstract":"Krauss et al. (1) use lack of detection of highly pathogenic (HP) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (henceforth \"H5\") influenza A viruses (IAVs) from >22,000 wild bird samples collected in North America in 2014–2015 to argue that HP H5 IAVs disappeared from waterfowl and that unresolved mechanisms restrict emergence and perpetuation of HP IAVs in natural reservoir species. Here we offer an alternative interpretation.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1614530113","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Spackman, E., Kim Torchetti, M., and DeLiberto, T.J., 2016, Weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A in North American waterfowl: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 113, p. E6551-E6552, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614530113.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"E6551","endPage":"E6552","ipdsId":"IP-078887","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614530113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332662,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614530113"},{"id":332675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586781f6e4b0cd2dabe7c713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim Torchetti, Mia","contributorId":139355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim Torchetti","given":"Mia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12747,"text":"USDA APHIS VS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":145606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16167,"text":"7United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174874,"text":"sir20165048 - 2016 - Assessment of hydrogeologic terrains, well-construction characteristics, groundwater hydraulics, and water-quality and microbial data for determination of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-24T13:52:21","indexId":"sir20165048","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-24T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5048","title":"Assessment of hydrogeologic terrains, well-construction characteristics, groundwater hydraulics, and water-quality and microbial data for determination of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in West Virginia","docAbstract":"In January 2014, a storage tank leaked, spilling a large quantity of 4-methylcyclohexane methanol into the Elk River in West Virginia and contaminating the water supply for more than 300,000 people. In response, the West Virginia Legislature passed Senate Bill 373, which requires the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (WVDHHR) to assess the susceptibility and vulnerability of public surface-water-influenced groundwater supply sources (SWIGS) and surface-water intakes statewide. In response to this mandate for reassessing SWIGS statewide, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the WVDHHR, Bureau of Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services, compiled available data and summarized the results of previous groundwater studies to provide the WVDHHR with data that could be used as part of the process for assessing and determining SWIGS.
\nExisting geologic, hydrologic, well-construction, water-quality, and other related data and information from previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrogeologic studies and the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, in conjunction with data from the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health (WVBPH) Department of Health and Human Resources (WVDHHR) and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection database and files, were collected, compiled, and analyzed to help the WVDHHR to better assess public groundwater supply wells that may meet the definition of a surface-water-influenced- groundwater supply (SWIGS).
\nIn this study, measures of intrinsic susceptibility, which are characterized by the physical properties that affect the ease with which water moves through the unsaturated zone and, subsequently, into the saturated zone within an aquifer, showed that karst limestone aquifers are the aquifers most intrinsically susceptible to contamination within the State of West Virginia. Karst limestone aquifers are present within Cambrian- and Ordovician-age formations within West Virginia’s eastern panhandle and in Mississippian-age limestones within the Greenbrier River valley. Solution development within these limestone aquifers allows rapid recharge and flow of groundwater within the aquifer, both of which allow surface contaminants to easily enter the aquifer and travel long distances in a short period of time.
\nAlluvial aquifers bordering the Ohio River in western West Virginia are also potentially highly susceptible to contamination because these alluvial aquifers can receive significant recharge from the adjacent Ohio River. Any potential contaminants that may be present in the river have the potential to enter the aquifer and contaminate wells completed within the sand and gravel alluvial sediments within which the wells are completed. These same alluvial sediments, however, help to retard the movement of bacteria and other potentially pathogenic organisms, such as Cryptosporidia and Giardia lamblia, into the aquifer. As a result, samples from alluvial aquifers bordering the Ohio River and elsewhere within the State do not commonly test positive for indicator bacteria, such as total coliform, fecal coliform, or Escherichia coli (E. coli). The alluvial sediments do not, however, provide assimilative capacity with respect to water soluble compounds such as nitrate and certain volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Therefore, the Ohio River alluvial aquifers are highly susceptible to organic compounds present in the river or on the land surface near a well. These aquifers are also susceptible to nitrate contamination from fertilizers, pesticides, and manure, which are commonly used on the fertile agricultural soils present on terraces along the Ohio River.
\nAbandoned-coal-mine aquifers, which are typically used as a source of groundwater in southern West Virginia, are moderately susceptible to contamination. The vast network of voids from mine entries provide vast storage for groundwater in abandoned mine aquifers, and fracturing of overburden strata, which is common in areas of past or current mining, can allow rapid infiltration of contaminants to the aquifer. Where streams cross over below-drainage underground coal mines, there is an increased potential for contamination of coal-mine aquifers. As a result, above-drainage underground coal mines, those mines that are present at an elevation above local tributary drainage, are probably less susceptible to contamination than are below-drainage underground coal mines. Public groundwater supplies in abandoned coal mines need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to assess the potential for recharge of contaminated surface water to enter below-drainage underground coal-mine aquifers and to assess potential hydraulic conductivity to nearby surface-water bodies, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, or streams.
\nFractured-rock aquifers compose an additional major type of aquifer within the State of West Virginia. Owing to their low permeability and their typically small groundwater capture areas, fractured-rock aquifers within the State of West Virginia typically have low susceptibility to contamination. However, there are exceptions, and wells completed in fractured-rock aquifers that are in close proximity to streams may be adversely affected by induced recharge from the stream. Where such systems are present, frequent bacterial testing of the source water can be used to ascertain the potential for microbial contamination of the aquifer.
\nIntrinsic susceptibility alone does not fully predict whether or not a well is vulnerable to contamination, only that the hydrogeologic terrain is suitable for rapid transport of pathogenic organisms or chemical compounds to and within the aquifer. However, contaminants may or may not be present in the recharge water to an individual well or well field. Therefore, an assessment of potential contaminant sources, such as nearby gas wells, landfills, underground storage tanks, above ground storage tanks, major transportation corridors, surface or underground coal mines, and flood plains, is needed to assess vulnerability. The assessments need to be conducted on a case-by-case basis or, as has been done in this study, by collecting and compiling the number of potential contaminant sources that may be present in the source-water-protection area for an individual public groundwater supply source.
\nGroundwater public-supply systems in areas of high intrinsic susceptibility and with a large number of potential contaminant sources within the recharge or source-water-protection area of individual wells or well fields are potentially vulnerable to contamination and probably warrant further evaluation as potential SWIGS. However, measures can be taken to educate the local population and initiate safety protocols and protective strategies to appropriately manage contaminant sources to prevent release of contaminants to the aquifer, therefore, reducing vulnerability of these systems to contamination. However, each public groundwater supply source needs to be assessed on an individual basis. Data presented in this report can be used to categorize and prioritize wells and springs that have a high potential for intrinsic susceptibility or vulnerability to contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Bureau of Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2016, Assessment of hydrogeologic terrains, well-construction characteristics, groundwater hydraulics, and water-quality and microbial data for determination of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in West Virginia (ver. 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5048, 55 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165048.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 54 p.; 2 Figures; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065870","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325448,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048_figure3A.pdf","text":"Figure 3A -","size":"16.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia"},{"id":325450,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"168 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Description of 324 wells in West Virginia sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey and West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection statewide Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network"},{"id":325449,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048_figure3B.pdf","text":"Figure 3B -","size":"745 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Major geologic formations in the study area of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province USGS National Water Quality Assessment study in Virginia and North Carolina"},{"id":325446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":325452,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3 - ","size":"111 KB","linkHelpText":" Permit data for public groundwater supplies in West Virginia with accompanying counts of number of potential sources of contamination within the respective source-water-protection area for each public groundwater supply source"},{"id":325447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5048"},{"id":325451,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/sir20165048_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"115 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Description of wells in West Virginia, including casing length and well depth, that are part of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Site Inventory database with Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, and total coliform data that are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality database"},{"id":330340,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5048/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.075947,39.72135],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-79.478866,39.531689],[-79.482366,39.531689],[-79.487651,39.279933],[-79.486873,39.205961],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.343801,39.286096],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.255306,39.335874],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.195543,39.38779],[-79.179335,39.388342],[-79.176977,39.39213],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.159213,39.413021],[-79.143827,39.408517],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.11407,39.443321],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.098875,39.471438],[-79.096517,39.472799],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.052447,39.482315],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.036915,39.476795],[-79.030343,39.465403],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-78.967461,39.439804],[-78.956751,39.440264],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.938869,39.4741],[-78.942618,39.479614],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.918142,39.485858],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.851931,39.551848],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.813512,39.56772],[-78.820104,39.576287],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.826009,39.588829],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.76504,39.646087],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.733553,39.615533],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.76749,39.587487],[-78.756747,39.58069],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.657417,39.535068],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.593871,39.535158],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.567937,39.519902],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.471166,39.516103],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.438357,39.538753],[-78.430414,39.549418],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454527,39.588958],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.383591,39.608912],[-78.374732,39.608635],[-78.372255,39.6112],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.382487,39.628216],[-78.373166,39.630459],[-78.35577,39.626258],[-78.353465,39.628912],[-78.359506,39.638081],[-78.351905,39.640486],[-78.266833,39.618818],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.223597,39.661097],[-78.233138,39.672875],[-78.227333,39.676121],[-78.202945,39.676653],[-78.192439,39.689118],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.089835,39.671668],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.011343,39.604083],[-78.00233,39.600488],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.944133,39.614617],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.833568,39.602936],[-77.829814,39.587288],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.888648,39.558054],[-77.886436,39.551947],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.839061,39.531117],[-77.827188,39.530458],[-77.823762,39.525907],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.796755,39.472448],[-77.778522,39.463663],[-77.779202,39.460392],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.80086,39.440841],[-77.802542,39.435969],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.763319,39.428436],[-77.754681,39.424658],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.752209,39.383328],[-77.753804,39.379624],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.761115,39.339757],[-77.755789,39.333899],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.734899,39.312409],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.768992,39.256417],[-77.770876,39.24976],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.805099,39.174222],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.346546,39.442616],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.338958,39.349889],[-78.347409,39.343402],[-78.34546,39.341024],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.385888,39.294888],[-78.419422,39.257476],[-78.399785,39.244129],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.437053,39.199766],[-78.436662,39.196658],[-78.424905,39.193301],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.436658,39.141691],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.484283,39.107372],[-78.49516,39.100992],[-78.516479,39.081802],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.593261,38.971918],[-78.601399,38.96653],[-78.608369,38.969743],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.619914,38.981288],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.65905,38.947375],[-78.680456,38.925313],[-78.688266,38.92478],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.718647,38.904561],[-78.7209,38.909844],[-78.717076,38.936028],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.750517,38.916029],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-79.006552,38.823712],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.027253,38.792113],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.051254,38.773913],[-79.060954,38.756713],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.085455,38.724614],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.120256,38.660216],[-79.129757,38.655017],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.170658,38.56922],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.221406,38.484837],[-79.224192,38.477763],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.253067,38.455818],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.282225,38.432078],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.53687,38.550917],[-79.555471,38.560217],[-79.571771,38.563117],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.661575,38.567316],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.662074,38.515517],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.694506,38.494232],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.69418,38.478311],[-79.699006,38.475148],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.688882,38.458714],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.731698,38.373376],[-79.727676,38.371701],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.810154,38.306707],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.788945,38.268703],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.819623,38.248234],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.891591,38.204652],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.916344,38.186278],[-79.921196,38.180378],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.918629,38.172671],[-79.915065,38.168088],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.938952,38.111619],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.953509,38.081484],[-79.973895,38.040004],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.986142,38.014182],[-79.994985,38.007853],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.129555,37.894134],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.215658,37.777481],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.251319,37.762958],[-80.24979,37.757111],[-80.25641,37.756372],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.252227,37.727261],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.267455,37.646108],[-80.239288,37.637672],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.327103,37.495376],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.425656,37.449876],[-80.46482,37.426144],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.561442,37.469775],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.783324,37.392793],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.836446,37.424355],[-80.844213,37.423555],[-80.859556,37.429568],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.980146,37.292743],[-80.982173,37.296023],[-80.979106,37.300581],[-80.996013,37.299545],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.366315,37.335927],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.386727,37.320474],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.398548,37.310635],[-81.396817,37.304498],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.448285,37.270575],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.497773,37.25719],[-81.50319,37.252579],[-81.507325,37.2338],[-81.544437,37.220761],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.67821,37.201483],[-81.686717,37.213105],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.738543,37.238264],[-81.744003,37.242528],[-81.740974,37.254052],[-81.747656,37.264329],[-81.757531,37.27001],[-81.757631,37.274003],[-81.774684,37.274807],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.793425,37.281674],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.803275,37.285916],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.833406,37.284535],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.85446,37.30657],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.86476,37.308404],[-81.859928,37.313965],[-81.878713,37.331753],[-81.892876,37.330134],[-81.899459,37.340277],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.935316,37.43639],[-81.938843,37.440463],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.984891,37.454315],[-81.99227,37.460916],[-81.996578,37.476705],[-81.989849,37.484879],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.945957,37.501901],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.92787,37.512118],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.936996,37.51423],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.947545,37.52753],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.95663,37.52849],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.967583,37.532815],[-81.965401,37.541171],[-81.970147,37.546504],[-81.987511,37.542835],[-81.992597,37.538323],[-81.999844,37.542579],[-82.007412,37.533677],[-82.013966,37.533564],[-82.018878,37.540572],[-82.028826,37.537667],[-82.042825,37.548361],[-82.042396,37.53577],[-82.046653,37.528193],[-82.048463,37.533962],[-82.064418,37.53687],[-82.064418,37.544516],[-82.073246,37.555023],[-82.102893,37.553046],[-82.101946,37.558106],[-82.116584,37.559588],[-82.121985,37.552763],[-82.131776,37.552423],[-82.133495,37.560711],[-82.144648,37.568315],[-82.127303,37.572681],[-82.124372,37.57641],[-82.127321,37.586667],[-82.131977,37.593537],[-82.156718,37.59279],[-82.156741,37.609202],[-82.168137,37.608495],[-82.1692,37.613028],[-82.164767,37.618292],[-82.167126,37.621818],[-82.176682,37.618202],[-82.18143,37.621842],[-82.181398,37.626798],[-82.172762,37.634008],[-82.177511,37.640417],[-82.174688,37.646529],[-82.177625,37.648956],[-82.185456,37.648933],[-82.191444,37.644378],[-82.187298,37.626935],[-82.21349,37.625408],[-82.2202,37.633912],[-82.21669,37.639956],[-82.223602,37.644554],[-82.225535,37.651947],[-82.23939,37.661465],[-82.257111,37.656749],[-82.272021,37.663782],[-82.282297,37.675826],[-82.288174,37.668227],[-82.294393,37.670448],[-82.294392,37.677957],[-82.304501,37.677157],[-82.297126,37.684228],[-82.302886,37.693683],[-82.296634,37.702403],[-82.310665,37.7133],[-82.318302,37.733053],[-82.333044,37.740969],[-82.311642,37.764294],[-82.331162,37.763125],[-82.333816,37.765391],[-82.323696,37.775028],[-82.335981,37.7745],[-82.339705,37.785509],[-82.377393,37.803009],[-82.385259,37.81741],[-82.396978,37.809014],[-82.401652,37.810091],[-82.39968,37.829935],[-82.407874,37.835499],[-82.412172,37.844793],[-82.420484,37.846809],[-82.41546,37.854132],[-82.424264,37.861709],[-82.407459,37.867475],[-82.417679,37.870658],[-82.421484,37.885652],[-82.432113,37.88991],[-82.438582,37.900256],[-82.464297,37.915038],[-82.468197,37.913847],[-82.471223,37.899358],[-82.474574,37.900295],[-82.474666,37.910388],[-82.487556,37.916975],[-82.481001,37.924303],[-82.49574,37.927043],[-82.501862,37.9332],[-82.500386,37.936518],[-82.48916,37.937963],[-82.4973,37.945491],[-82.48512,37.946044],[-82.471801,37.959119],[-82.484265,37.963646],[-82.484413,37.969895],[-82.46938,37.973059],[-82.464257,37.983412],[-82.471629,37.986826],[-82.482695,37.984014],[-82.487732,37.99833],[-82.515974,37.999929],[-82.525817,38.026406],[-82.538639,38.037381],[-82.537293,38.045204],[-82.543916,38.052133],[-82.551259,38.070799],[-82.559598,38.072837],[-82.565736,38.08064],[-82.574075,38.082104],[-82.584039,38.090663],[-82.587782,38.108879],[-82.606589,38.120843],[-82.619452,38.120745],[-82.621167,38.131996],[-82.636466,38.13786],[-82.638947,38.156742],[-82.644739,38.165487],[-82.642997,38.16956],[-82.611343,38.171548],[-82.599326,38.197231],[-82.598437,38.217393],[-82.608944,38.22366],[-82.61252,38.234553],[-82.607131,38.245975],[-82.586061,38.245616],[-82.574656,38.263873],[-82.5746,38.274721],[-82.582823,38.295478],[-82.572893,38.311981],[-82.572691,38.318801],[-82.576936,38.328275],[-82.597979,38.344909],[-82.597524,38.364843],[-82.593008,38.375082],[-82.599273,38.388738],[-82.595001,38.40133],[-82.596281,38.417681],[-82.593673,38.421809],[-82.577176,38.40877],[-82.540199,38.403666],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.303971,38.517683],[-82.295671,38.538483],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.27427,38.593683],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.188767,38.594984],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.172066,38.619284],[-82.172667,38.629684],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.182467,38.708782],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.20929,38.802672],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.16157,38.824632],[-82.144867,38.84048],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.145267,38.883479],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.128866,38.909979],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.109065,38.945579],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.035963,39.025478],[-82.017562,39.030078],[-82.002261,39.027878],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-81.979371,38.993193],[-81.951447,38.996032],[-81.933186,38.987659],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.926671,38.901311],[-81.928352,38.895371],[-81.910312,38.879294],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.889233,38.874279],[-81.855971,38.892734],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.827354,38.945898],[-81.814235,38.946168],[-81.785647,38.926193],[-81.762659,38.924121],[-81.756975,38.937152],[-81.778845,38.955892],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.774062,38.993682],[-81.765153,39.002579],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.772854,39.026179],[-81.803355,39.047678],[-81.811655,39.059578],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.803055,39.083878],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.760753,39.084078],[-81.747253,39.095378],[-81.742953,39.106578],[-81.743565,39.141933],[-81.755815,39.180524],[-81.737085,39.193836],[-81.726973,39.215068],[-81.700908,39.220844],[-81.692395,39.226443],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.683627,39.270939],[-81.670187,39.275963],[-81.643178,39.277195],[-81.621305,39.273643],[-81.603352,39.275531],[-81.585559,39.268747],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.565247,39.276175],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.542346,39.352874],[-81.503189,39.373242],[-81.473188,39.40017],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.406689,39.38809],[-81.393794,39.351706],[-81.384556,39.343449],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.270716,39.385914],[-81.24184,39.390276],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.211654,39.392977],[-81.208231,39.407147],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.170634,39.439175],[-81.138134,39.443775],[-81.128533,39.449375],[-81.100833,39.487175],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.892208,39.616756],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.863698,39.691724],[-80.833882,39.703497],[-80.829764,39.711839],[-80.831551,39.719475],[-80.846091,39.737812],[-80.865339,39.753251],[-80.869092,39.766364],[-80.863048,39.775197],[-80.826079,39.798584],[-80.822181,39.811708],[-80.826124,39.844238],[-80.790761,39.86728],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.795714,39.91969],[-80.762592,39.908906],[-80.756432,39.91393],[-80.764479,39.95025],[-80.758527,39.959241],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.742045,40.005641],[-80.730904,40.046672],[-80.738604,40.075672],[-80.730704,40.086472],[-80.710203,40.099572],[-80.706702,40.110872],[-80.710042,40.138311],[-80.704602,40.154823],[-80.686137,40.181607],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.661543,40.229798],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.614896,40.291969],[-80.602895,40.307069],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.607595,40.369568],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.63074,40.3849],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.612195,40.402667],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.596094,40.463366],[-80.595494,40.475266],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.666917,40.573664],[-80.667781,40.578096],[-80.662564,40.5916],[-80.651716,40.597744],[-80.634355,40.616095],[-80.598764,40.625263],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.551126,40.628847],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.075947,39.72135]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"West Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 30, 2016; Version 1.1: October 24, 2016","contact":"Director, West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11 Dunbar Street
Charleston, WV 25301
http://wv.usgs.gov
Treated effluent discharged from municipal wastewater-treatment plants to the Assabet River in central Massachusetts includes phosphorus, which leads to increased growth of nuisance aquatic plants that decrease the river’s water quality and aesthetics in impounded reaches during the growing season. To improve the river’s water quality and aesthetics, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved a total maximum daily load for phosphorus in 2004 that directed the wastewater-treatment plants to reduce the amount of total phosphorus discharged to the river by 2012. The permitted total phosphorus monthly average of 0.75 milligrams per liter during the aquatic plant growing season (April 1 through October 31) was reduced by the total maximum daily load to a target of 0.1 milligrams per liter by 2012, and the nongrowing-season limit was unchanged at 1.0 milligrams per liter.
From October 2008 through April 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, measured streamflow and collected weekly flow-proportional, composite samples of water from the Assabet River for analysis of concentrations of total phosphorus and orthophosphate. Streamflow and concentration data were used to estimate total phosphorus and orthophosphate loads in the river. The purpose of this monitoring effort was to evaluate phosphorus concentrations and loads in the river before, during, and after the wastewater-treatment-plant upgrades and to assess the effects of seasonal differences in permitted discharges. The locations of water-quality-monitoring stations, with respect to the Hudson and Ben Smith impoundments, enabled examination of effects of phosphorus entering and leaving the impoundments.
Annual median concentrations of total phosphorus in wastewater-treatment plants were reduced by more than 80 percent with the plant upgrades. Measured instream annual median concentrations of total phosphorus in the Assabet River decreased by about 38 to 50 percent at three of the four monitoring stations following the wastewater-treatment-plant upgrades. At the station farthest upstream, the median total phosphorus concentration remained unchanged throughout the study; this may be attributed to the site location and potential resuspension of particulate organic matter during periods of increased streamflow. Annual median loads from the wastewater-treatment plants were reduced by up to 91 percent following the upgrades, instream annual median total phosphorus loads at the three downstream stations decreased by 71 to 76 percent, and instream orthophosphate loads at the three downstream stations decreased by 79 to 87 percent.
Seasonal fluctuations (growing versus nongrowing) of total phosphorus and orthophosphate were observed instream before the upgrades. However, after the upgrades, fluctuations in phosphorus released from the treatment plants were slight and seasonal changes were typically not observed instream.
Annual loads entering and leaving the two impoundments were inconclusive in determining whether the impoundments were sources or sinks of total phosphorus during the study. Total phosphorus loads entering the Hudson impoundment were consistently greater than those leaving; however, there was uncertainty about the loads at the monitoring station upstream from this impoundment. At the Ben Smith impoundment, total phosphorus and orthophosphate loads downstream were slightly greater than those upstream from the impoundment, but the differences may reflect additions from tributaries and overland runoff.
Estimated instream total phosphorus concentrations and loads indicated that the decreases in total phosphorus in wastewater-treatment-plant discharges were accompanied by reductions measured in the Assabet River. A statistical analysis which incorporates the effect of varying flow conditions demonstrated significant reductions in total phosphorus concentrations after the wastewater-treatment-plant upgrades at three of the four instream monitoring stations. No significant change was observed at the most upstream location, the Assabet River at Port Street at Hudson, Massachusetts (station number 01096835), which may have been affected by flow-related resuspension of particulate phosphorus.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165063","isbn":"978-1-4113-4059-6","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Savoie, J.G., DeSimone, L.A., Mullaney, J.R., Zimmerman, M.J., and Waldron, M.C., 2016, Changes in phosphorus concentrations and loads in the Assabet River, Massachusetts, October 2008 through April 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5063, 40 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165063.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 40 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056167","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438530,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72R3PR3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Streamflow and total phosphorus and orthophosphate data for samples collected in and near the Assabet River, Massachusetts, October 2008 through April 2014"},{"id":329393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72R3PR3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Streamflow and Total Phosphorus and Orthophosphate Data for Samples Collected In and Near the Assabet River, Massachusetts, October 2008 Through April 2014"},{"id":329392,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5063/sir20165063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5063"},{"id":329391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5063/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Assabet River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.67068481445312,\n 42.245801966774025\n ],\n [\n -71.67068481445312,\n 42.476148570254516\n ],\n [\n -71.36032104492188,\n 42.476148570254516\n ],\n [\n -71.36032104492188,\n 42.245801966774025\n ],\n [\n -71.67068481445312,\n 42.245801966774025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
We used Global Positioning System (GPS) radiotelemetry data from 7 breeding female wolves (Canis lupus; n = 14 dennings) in 3 regions across Alaska, USA, during 2008–2011 to develop and compare methods for estimating the onset of denning, and thus infer timing of parturition. We developed and tested 2 estimators based on a combination of GPS radiocollar location-fix failure and distance traveled between locations. We developed a quantitative method employing Generalized Additive Models to smooth time series of wolf data to estimate denning onset. In contrast, 3 study authors with first-hand experience with the study wolves implemented a subjective method of estimating denning onset by visual inspection of detection and distance traveled data. We then tested the visual method for repeatability by subjecting it to 10 wolf experts not associated with this study. Side-by-side comparison of estimators indicates that denning onset can be precisely measured using GPS detection success and distance traveled. Furthermore, the visual-inspection method was simple and rapid to implement and yielded more accurate (relative to assumed dates of denning onset) and precise results compared to the quantitative estimator. Although the Generalized Additive Model based approach had the advantage of estimating denning onset objectively following a set of prescribed rules in a statistical inferential framework, we found the method required significant technical capacity to implement and did not represent an improvement over simple visual-inspection-based estimates of denning onset.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.703","usgsCitation":"Walsh, P.B., Sethi, S., Lake, B.C., Mangipane, B.A., Nielson, R., and Lowe, S., 2016, Estimating denning date of wolves with daily movement and GPS location fix failure: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 4, p. 663-668, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.703.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"668","ipdsId":"IP-127033","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/80d297d6da034496be9fafe4301c7b9e","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark National Park, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.12548828125,\n 59.26307320436287\n ],\n [\n -159.0875244140625,\n 59.251841195085\n ],\n [\n -159.136962890625,\n 59.45624336447568\n ],\n [\n -159.246826171875,\n 59.81444699201482\n ],\n [\n -159.356689453125,\n 60.141504734793386\n ],\n [\n -159.8675537109375,\n 60.1141451165239\n ],\n [\n -160.433349609375,\n 60.048389180435564\n ],\n [\n -160.784912109375,\n 59.92474296688904\n ],\n [\n -160.9661865234375,\n 59.795107566022416\n ],\n [\n -161.15844726562497,\n 59.86136748351594\n ],\n [\n -161.553955078125,\n 59.86136748351594\n ],\n [\n -161.5704345703125,\n 59.77852198502987\n ],\n [\n -161.4715576171875,\n 59.775756919903266\n ],\n [\n -161.488037109375,\n 59.60943336371317\n ],\n [\n -161.378173828125,\n 59.60943336371317\n ],\n [\n -161.3616943359375,\n 59.531532729949326\n ],\n [\n -161.2628173828125,\n 59.528747228634266\n ],\n [\n -161.246337890625,\n 59.44228245633653\n ],\n [\n -161.1529541015625,\n 59.428315784042574\n ],\n [\n -161.12548828125,\n 59.26307320436287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.1116943359375,\n 65.82078234733756\n ],\n [\n -145.5194091796875,\n 65.82078234733756\n ],\n [\n -145.5194091796875,\n 66.9859616682753\n ],\n [\n -150.1116943359375,\n 66.9859616682753\n ],\n [\n -150.1116943359375,\n 65.82078234733756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.7039794921875,\n 59.91648345450877\n ],\n [\n -152.27050781249997,\n 59.91648345450877\n ],\n [\n -152.27050781249997,\n 61.5828781660651\n ],\n [\n -154.7039794921875,\n 61.5828781660651\n ],\n [\n -154.7039794921875,\n 59.91648345450877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Patrick B.","contributorId":288777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lake, Bryce C.","contributorId":288778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lake","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangipane, Buck A.","contributorId":288781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangipane","given":"Buck","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nielson, Ryan","contributorId":288785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":49982,"text":"WEST, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowe, Stacey","contributorId":288787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}