On 6 March 2003 at 0800 h and again at 1300 h, while preparing for biological surveys in the Tuamotu and Gambier archipelagos of French Polynesia, we observed an immature gull flying in Rikitea harbor on Mangareva in the Gambier Islands. On both occasions we observed the gull for several minutes at distances as close as 20 m while it flew around the waterfront. It was a medium-sized gull, with long, pointed wings. The head was white with dark streaks and smudging on the nape. The bill was dark and of moderate length and thickness. The back and inner secondaries were dark grey, and the outer secondaries and primaries were a mottled dusky grey-brown. There was a complete, broad, dark band across the tip of the tail. These characters, particularly the long, pointed wings and broad tail band, led us to conclude that the bird was a laughing gull (Larus atricilla) in first winter plumage. Franklin’s gull (L. pipixcan) is similar in appearance and has been reported previously in several Pacific island groups (King 1967; Pratt et al. 1987), but can be distinguished from L. atricilla by its slightly smaller size, smaller bill, and narrower, incomplete tail band (Sibley 2000).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc!","issn":"00294470","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerf, E.A., Pierce, R.J., Tibbitts, T.L., Salducci, J., Gill, V., and Wragg, G., 2004, First record of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) in French Polynesia: Notornis, v. 51, no. 1, p. 51-52.","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.notornis.osnz.org.nz/first-record-laughing-gull-larus-atricilla-french-polynesia"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1060e4b0c8380cd53c46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerf, Eric A.","contributorId":104689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderwerf","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Ray J.","contributorId":16635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salducci, J.-M.","contributorId":47974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salducci","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wragg, Graham","contributorId":8272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wragg","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027489,"text":"70027489 - 2004 - An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids","docAbstract":"Failure to estimate capture efficiency, defined as the probability of capturing individual fish, can introduce a systematic error or bias into estimates of fish abundance. We evaluated the efficacy of multipass electrofishing removal methods for estimating fish abundance by comparing estimates of capture efficiency from multipass removal estimates to capture efficiencies measured by the recapture of known numbers of marked individuals for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi. Electrofishing capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish was greatest for westslope cutthroat trout and for the largest size-classes of both species. Capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish also was low for the first electrofishing pass (mean, 28%) and decreased considerably (mean, 1.71 times lower) with successive passes, which suggested that fish were responding to the electrofishing procedures. On average, the removal methods overestimated three-pass capture efficiency by 39% and under-estimated fish abundance by 88%, across both species and all size-classes. The overestimates of efficiency were positively related to the cross-sectional area of the stream and the amount of undercut banks and negatively related to the number of removal passes for bull trout, whereas for westslope cutthroat trout, the overestimates were positively related to the amount of cobble substrate. Three-pass capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish was related to the same stream habitat characteristics that influenced (biased) the removal estimates and did not appear to be influenced by our sampling procedures, including fish marking. Simulation modeling confirmed our field observations and indicated that underestimates of fish abundance by the removal method were negatively related to first-pass sampling efficiency and the magnitude of the decrease in capture efficiency with successive passes. Our results, and those of other researchers, suggest that most electrofishing-removal-based estimates of fish abundance are likely to be biased and that these biases are related to stream characteristics, fish species, and size. We suggest that biologists regard electrofishing-removal- based estimates as biased indices and encourage them to measure and model the efficiency of their sampling methods to avoid introducing systematic errors into their data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/03-044","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Thurow, R., and Guzevich, J., 2004, An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 462-475, https://doi.org/10.1577/03-044.","startPage":"462","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/03-044"},{"id":238448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4de4b0c8380cd4877f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurow, R.F.","contributorId":69357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzevich, J.W.","contributorId":23755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzevich","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027474,"text":"70027474 - 2004 - Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Alluvial Valley between southern Illinois and southern Louisiana contains hundreds of floodplain lakes, most of which have been adversely affected by landscape modifications used to control flooding and support agriculture. We examined fish assemblages in lakes of this region to determine whether deterministic patterns developed in relation to prominent abiotic lake characteristics and to explore whether relevant abiotic factors could be linked to specific assemblage structuring mechanisms. The distributions of 14 taxa in 29 lakes were governed primarily by two gradients that contrasted assemblages in terms of lake area, lake elongation, and water clarity. The knowledge of whether a lake was clear or turbid, large or small, and long or short helped determine fish assemblage characteristics. Abiotic factors influenced fish assemblage structures, plausibly through limitations on foraging and physiological tolerances. Determinism in assemblage organization of floodplain lakes relative to recurrence in physicochemical features has been documented for unaltered rivers. Whereas the Mississippi Alluvial Valley has been subjected to vast anthropogenic disturbances and is not a fully functional floodplain river, fish assemblages in its floodplain lakes remain deterministic and organized by the underlying factors that also dictate assemblages in unaltered rivers. In advanced stages of lake aging, fish assemblages in these lakes are expected to largely include species that thrive in turbid, shallow systems with few predators and low oxygen concentrations. The observed patterns related to physical characteristics of these lakes suggest three general conservation foci, including (1) watershed management to control erosion, (2) removal of sediments or increases in water level to alleviate depth reductions and derived detriments to water physicochemistry, and (3) management of fish populations through stockings, removals, and harvest regulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/03-060","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., and Lucas, G., 2004, Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 358-370, https://doi.org/10.1577/03-060.","startPage":"358","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/03-060"},{"id":238230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, G.M.","contributorId":47571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027390,"text":"70027390 - 2004 - Modeling sorption of divalent metal cations on hydrous manganese oxide using the diffuse double layer model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:17:12","indexId":"70027390","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling sorption of divalent metal cations on hydrous manganese oxide using the diffuse double layer model","docAbstract":"Manganese oxides are important scavengers of trace metals and other contaminants in the environment. The inclusion of Mn oxides in predictive models, however, has been difficult due to the lack of a comprehensive set of sorption reactions consistent with a given surface complexation model (SCM), and the discrepancies between published sorption data and predictions using the available models. The authors have compiled a set of surface complexation reactions for synthetic hydrous Mn oxide (HMO) using a two surface site model and the diffuse double layer SCM which complements databases developed for hydrous Fe (III) oxide, goethite and crystalline Al oxide. This compilation encompasses a range of data observed in the literature for the complex HMO surface and provides an error envelope for predictions not well defined by fitting parameters for single or limited data sets. Data describing surface characteristics and cation sorption were compiled from the literature for the synthetic HMO phases birnessite, vernadite and δ-MnO2. A specific surface area of 746 m2g−1 and a surface site density of 2.1 mmol g−1 were determined from crystallographic data and considered fixed parameters in the model. Potentiometric titration data sets were adjusted to a pHIEP value of 2.2. Two site types (≡XOH and ≡YOH) were used. The fraction of total sites attributed to ≡XOH (α) and pKa2 were optimized for each of 7 published potentiometric titration data sets using the computer program FITEQL3.2. pKa2 values of 2.35±0.077 (≡XOH) and 6.06±0.040 (≡YOH) were determined at the 95% confidence level. The calculated average α value was 0.64, with high and low values ranging from 1.0 to 0.24, respectively. pKa2 and α values and published cation sorption data were used subsequently to determine equilibrium surface complexation constants for Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sr2+ and Zn2+. In addition, average model parameters were used to predict additional sorption data for which complementary titration data were not available. The two-site model accounts for variability in the titration data and most metal sorption data are fit well using the pKa2 and α values reported above. A linear free energy relationship (LFER) appears to exist for some of the metals; however, redox and cation exchange reactions may limit the prediction of surface complexation constants for additional metals using the LFER.
In 1990–1992, we studied predation of waterfowl nests by mammalian predators on 30 islands in a 64-km reach of the Snake River in southwestern Idaho, USA, to identify river flows necessary to protect and enhance migratory bird use of Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge. We monitored 235–314 Canada goose (Branta canadensis) nests each year and 122 duck nests, primarily mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), in 1991. We calculated island isolation as the flow energy (width × average water velocity [m2/sec]) a predator encountered in crossing to an island. Density of goose nests increased as island isolation increased (P < 0.001). In contrast, visits of terrestrial predators to islands, mammalian predation of goose nests, and variance in predation rates decreased as island isolation increased (P < 0.01). Nests were most frequently depredated by raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), badgers (Taxidea taxus), and mink (Mustela vison). Multiple regression models explained 67% of the variance in nest density and 48% of variance in predation rates (P < 0.01). Variables of secondary importance relative to island isolation were island size and percentage of farmland on the adjacent mainland. Fewer geese nested (P < 0.01) and predation rates were greater (P = 0.06) on large islands, and more geese nested on islands adjacent to farmland (P = 0.04). We also analyzed rates of nest predation relative to river flows for 21 islands from 1953 to 1992. Mammalian predation of goose nests decreased as island isolation increased with greater river flows (P < 0.01). To identify levels of isolation needed to protect use of islands by nesting waterfowl, we estimated rates of change in nest densities and predation rates with island isolation for a range of regression quantiles. We then calculated levels of island isolation at river flows ranging from 110 to 340 m3/sec. Below flows of 250 m3/sec, nest predation rates increased rapidly. Flows ≥340 m3/sec adequately isolated Snake River islands for nesting waterfowl. Predator visitation and nest predation rates were at a low level, and variability in the rates was at a minimum for these flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0650:IOSRIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zoellick, B., Ulmschneider, H., Cade, B., and Stanley, A., 2004, Isolation of Snake River islands and mammalian predation of waterfowl nests: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 650-662, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0650:IOSRIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66720a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoellick, B.W.","contributorId":97860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoellick","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulmschneider, H.M.","contributorId":7668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmschneider","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, A.W.","contributorId":67838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015237,"text":"1015237 - 2004 - Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:02:41","indexId":"1015237","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown","docAbstract":"Estimation of daily survival probabilities of nests is common in studies of avian populations. Since the introduction of Mayfield's (1961, 1975) estimator, numerous models have been developed to relax Mayfield's assumptions and account for biologically important sources of variation. Stanley (2000) presented a model for estimating stage-specific (e.g. incubation stage, nestling stage) daily survival probabilities of nests that conditions on “nest type” and requires that nests be aged when they are found. Because aging nests typically requires handling the eggs, there may be situations where nests can not or should not be aged and the Stanley (2000) model will be inapplicable. Here, I present a model for estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities that conditions on nest stage for active nests, thereby obviating the need to age nests when they are found. Specifically, I derive the maximum likelihood function for the model, evaluate the model's performance using Monte Carlo simulations, and provide software for estimating parameters (along with an example). For sample sizes as low as 50 nests, bias was small and confidence interval coverage was close to the nominal rate, especially when a reduced-parameter model was used for estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0134:ESDSPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2004, Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown: The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 134-147, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0134:ESDSPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027264,"text":"70027264 - 2004 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","docAbstract":"We observed Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the laboratory and found free embryos (first interval after hatching) hid under rocks and did not migrate. Thus, wild embryos should be at the spawning area. Larvae (first interval feeding exogenously) initiated a slow downstream migration, and some juveniles (interval with adult features) continued to migrate slowly for at least 5 months, e.g., a 1-step long larva-juvenile migration. No other population of sturgeon yet studied has this migration style. A conceptual model using this result suggests wild year-0 sturgeon have a variable downstream migration style with short-duration (short distance) migrants and long-duration (long distance) migrants. This migration style should widely disperse wild fish. The model is supported by field studies that found year-0 juveniles are widely dispersed in fresh water to river km 10. Thus, laboratory and field data agree that the entire freshwater reach of river downstream of spawning is nursery habitat. Foraging position of larvae and early juveniles was mostly on the bottom, but fish also spent hours holding position in the water column, an unusual feeding location for sturgeons. The holding position of fish above the bottom suggests benthic forage in the river is scarce and fish have evolved drift feeding. The unusual migration and foraging styles may be adaptations to rear in a river at the southern limit of the species range with poor rearing habitat (low abundance of benthic forage and high summer water temperatures). Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon and Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon, A. o. oxyrinchus, are similar for initiation of migration, early habitat preference, and diel migration. The two subspecies differ greatly for migration and foraging styles, which is likely related to major differences in the quality of rearing habitat. The differences between Atlantic sturgeon populations show the need for geographical studies to represent the behavior of an entire species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Parker, E., 2004, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ebfi.0000022855.96143.95","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95"},{"id":235525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e51e4b0c8380cd755b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, E.","contributorId":101429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027263,"text":"70027263 - 2004 - Determinants of reproductive costs in the long-lived Black-legged Kittiwake: A multiyear experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:53:40","indexId":"70027263","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinants of reproductive costs in the long-lived Black-legged Kittiwake: A multiyear experiment","docAbstract":"We studied reproductive costs of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA) by removing entire clutches from randomly selected nests over four successive years, and then contrasting survival and fecundity of adults from manipulated and unmanipulated nests in each subsequent year. To elucidate mechanisms that lead to the expression of reproductive costs, we simultaneously characterized several behavioral and physiological parameters among adults in the two treatment groups. We also examined naturally nonbreeding adults that previously bred to determine their survival and future nonbreeding probabilities.
Food availability varied during the study, being generally poor at the onset, and improving in later years. Adult nest attendance and body condition (assessed late in the chick- rearing period) varied accordingly among years, and between adults raising chicks and adults that had their eggs removed. Adults from unmanipulated nests incurred significant survival costs in all years, although fecundity costs were strongly expressed in only one of four years. Neither survival nor fecundity costs were strongly influenced by body condition or food availability, and no difference in reproductive costs was detected between the sexes. Although unmanipulated breeders survived at lower rates than manipulated breeders due to costs of reproduction, their survival rates were elevated compared to those of natural nonbreeders, presumably due to differences in individual ability. These findings indicate that models of adult survival must consider not only an organism's reproductive state, but also the factors that lead to that state.
Although body condition appeared to be weakly related to survival, it was insufficient to explain the full magnitude of survival costs observed. We suggest that other parameters that were found to differ between treatment groups (e.g., rates of energy turnover, baseline levels of stress, and patterns of allocating body reserves) may be important mechanistic determinants of reproductive costs in kittiwakes, and potentially other long-lived species. Future efforts should move beyond simple assessments of body condition and toward more integrated measures of physiological condition when attempting to identify factors that influence how long-lived species balance the costs and benefits of reproduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1890/02-4029","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Golet, G.H., Schmutz, J.A., Irons, D.B., and Estes, J.A., 2004, Determinants of reproductive costs in the long-lived Black-legged Kittiwake: A multiyear experiment: Ecological Monographs, v. 74, no. 2, p. 353-372, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4029.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound, Shoup Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.67160034179685,\n 61.11339606337689\n ],\n [\n -146.546630859375,\n 61.11339606337689\n ],\n [\n -146.546630859375,\n 61.17503266354878\n ],\n [\n -146.67160034179685,\n 61.17503266354878\n ],\n [\n -146.67160034179685,\n 61.11339606337689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff83e4b0c8380cd4f223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golet, Gregory H.","contributorId":89844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golet","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, David B.","contributorId":63658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027259,"text":"70027259 - 2004 - Estimating V̄s(30) (or NEHRP site classes) from shallow velocity models (depths < 30 m)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T12:44:00","indexId":"70027259","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating V̄s(30) (or NEHRP site classes) from shallow velocity models (depths < 30 m)","docAbstract":"The average velocity to 30 m [V??s(30)] is a widely used parameter for classifying sites to predict their potential to amplify seismic shaking. In many cases, however, models of shallow shear-wave velocities, from which V??s(30) can be computed, do not extend to 30 m. If the data for these cases are to be used, some method of extrapolating the velocities must be devised. Four methods for doing this are described here and are illustrated using data from 135 boreholes in California for which the velocity model extends to at least 30 m. Methods using correlations between shallow velocity and V??s(30) result in significantly less bias for shallow models than the simplest method of assuming that the lowermost velocity extends to 30 m. In addition, for all methods the percent of sites misclassified is generally less than 10% and falls to negligible values for velocity models extending to at least 25 m. Although the methods using correlations do a better job on average of estimating V??s(30), the simplest method will generally result in a lower value of V??s(30) and thus yield a more conservative estimate of ground motion [which generally increases as V??s(30) decreases].","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030105","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., 2004, Estimating V̄s(30) (or NEHRP site classes) from shallow velocity models (depths < 30 m): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 591-597, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030105.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030105"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b04e4b0c8380cd52510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027216,"text":"70027216 - 2004 - Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:54:34","indexId":"70027216","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model","docAbstract":"A conceptual model of fine sediment transport between a river and a bay is proposed, based on observations at two rivers feeding the same bay. The conceptual model consists of river, transitional, and bay regimes. Within the transitional regime, resuspension, advection, and deposition create a mass of sediment that oscillates landward and seaward. While suspended, this sediment mass forms an estuarine turbidity maximum. At slack tides this sediment mass temporarily deposits on the bed, creating landward and seaward deposits. Tidal excursion and slack tide deposition limit the range of the sediment mass. To verify this conceptual model, data from two small tributary rivers of San Pablo Bay are presented. Tidal variability of suspended-sediment concentration markedly differs between the landward and seaward deposits, allowing interpretation of the intratidal movement of the oscillating sediment mass. Application of this model in suitable estuaries will assist in numerical model calibration as well as in data interpretation. A similar model has been applied to some larger-scale European estuaries, which bear a geometric resemblance to the systems analyzed in this study. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.020","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., Warner, J., Barad, M., and Schladow, S., 2004, Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 60, no. 1, p. 81-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -121.87408447265625,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -121.87408447265625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 37.801103690609615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb376e4b08c986b325dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barad, M.F.","contributorId":11900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barad","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026809,"text":"70026809 - 2004 - The global short-period wavefield modelled with a Monte Carlo seismic phonon method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T14:26:53","indexId":"70026809","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global short-period wavefield modelled with a Monte Carlo seismic phonon method","docAbstract":"At high frequencies (∼1 Hz), much of the seismic energy arriving at teleseismic distances is not found in the main phases (e.g. P, PP, S, etc.) but is contained in the extended coda that follows these arrivals. This coda results from scattering off small-scale velocity and density perturbations within the crust and mantle and contains valuable information regarding the depth dependence and strength of this heterogeneity as well as the relative importance of intrinsic versus scattering attenuation. Most analyses of seismic coda to date have concentrated on S-wave coda generated from lithospheric scattering for events recorded at local and regional distances. Here, we examine the globally averaged vertical-component, 1-Hz wavefield (>10° range) for earthquakes recorded in the IRIS FARM archive from 1990 to 1999. We apply an envelope-function stacking technique to image the average time–distance behavior of the wavefield for both shallow (≤50 km) and deep (≥500 km) earthquakes. Unlike regional records, our images are dominated by P and P coda owing to the large effect of attenuation on PPand S at high frequencies. Modelling our results is complicated by the need to include a variety of ray paths, the likely contributions of multiple scattering and the possible importance of P-to-S and S-to-P scattering. We adopt a stochastic, particle-based approach in which millions of seismic phonons are randomly sprayed from the source and tracked through the Earth. Each phonon represents an energy packet that travels along the appropriate ray path until it is affected by a discontinuity or a scatterer. Discontinuities are modelled by treating the energy normalized reflection and transmission coefficients as probabilities. Scattering probabilities and scattering angles are computed in a similar fashion, assuming random velocity and density perturbations characterized by an exponential autocorrelation function. Intrinsic attenuation is included by reducing the energy contained in each particle as an appropriate function of traveltime. We find that most scattering occurs in the lithosphere and upper mantle, as previous results have indicated, but that some lower-mantle scattering is likely also required. A model with 3 to 4 per cent rms velocity heterogeneity at 4-km scale length in the upper mantle and 0.5 per cent rms velocity heterogeneity at 8-km scale length in the lower mantle (with intrinsic attenuation of Qα= 450 above 200 km depth andQα= 2500 below 200 km) provides a reasonable fit to both the shallow- and deep-earthquake observations, although many trade-offs exist between the scale length, depth extent and strength of the heterogeneity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02378.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Shearer, P., and Earle, P.S., 2004, The global short-period wavefield modelled with a Monte Carlo seismic phonon method: Geophysical Journal International, v. 158, no. 3, p. 1103-1117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02378.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02378.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac8ce4b08c986b32358c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearer, Peter M.","contributorId":78946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Peter M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. 0000-0002-3500-017X pearle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-017X","contributorId":173551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027214,"text":"70027214 - 2004 - Estimates of diffuse phosphorus sources in surface waters of the United States using a spatially referenced watershed model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T19:02:50.522918","indexId":"70027214","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of diffuse phosphorus sources in surface waters of the United States using a spatially referenced watershed model","docAbstract":"The statistical watershed model SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) was used to estimate the sources and transport of total phosphorus (TP) in surface waters of the United States. We calibrated the model using stream measurements of TP from 336 watersheds of mixed land use and spatial data on topography, soils, stream hydrography, and land use (agriculture, forest, shrub/grass, urban). The model explained 87% of the spatial variability in log transformed stream TP flux (kg yr-1). Predictions of stream yield (kg ha-1 yr-1) were typically within 45% of the observed values at the monitoring sites. The model identified appreciable effects of soils, streams, and reservoirs on TP transport, The estimated aquatic rates of phosphorus removal declined with increasing stream size and rates of water flushing in reservoirs (i.e. areal hydraulic loads). A phosphorus budget for the 2.9 million km2 Mississippi River Basin provides a detailed accounting of TP delivery to streams, the removal of TP in surface waters, and the stream export of TP from major interior watersheds for sources associated with each land-use type.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0150","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Schwarz, G., 2004, Estimates of diffuse phosphorus sources in surface waters of the United States using a spatially referenced watershed model: Water Science and Technology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0150.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n 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B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027209,"text":"70027209 - 2004 - Assessing development pressure in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An evaluation of two land-use change models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:46:51","indexId":"70027209","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing development pressure in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An evaluation of two land-use change models","docAbstract":"Natural resource lands in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are increasingly susceptible to conversion into developed land uses, particularly as the demand for residential development grows. We assessed development pressure in the Baltimore-Washington, DC region, one of the major urban and suburban centers in the watershed. We explored the utility of two modeling approaches for forecasting future development trends and patterns by comparing results from a cellular automata model, SLEUTH (slope, land use, excluded land, urban extent, transportation), and a supply/demand/allocation model, the Western Futures Model. SLEUTH can be classified as a land-cover change model and produces projections on the basis of historic trends of changes in the extent and patterns of developed land and future land protection scenarios. The Western Futures Model derives forecasts from historic trends in housing units, a U.S. Census variable, and exogenously supplied future population projections. Each approach has strengths and weaknesses, and combining the two has advantages and limitations. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016884.96098.77","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Claggett, P.R., Jantz, C.A., Goetz, S., and Bisland, C., 2004, Assessing development pressure in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An evaluation of two land-use change models: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 94, no. 1-3, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016884.96098.77.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016884.96098.77"},{"id":235300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd1e4b0c8380cd49a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jantz, Claire A.","contributorId":107477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jantz","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goetz, S.J.","contributorId":55186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25456,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bisland, C.","contributorId":27244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisland","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027206,"text":"70027206 - 2004 - Historical trends in occurrence and atmospheric inputs of halogenated volatile organic compounds in untreated ground water used as a source of drinking water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:34:22","indexId":"70027206","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends in occurrence and atmospheric inputs of halogenated volatile organic compounds in untreated ground water used as a source of drinking water","docAbstract":"Analyses of samples of untreated ground water from 413 community-, non-community- (such as restaurants), and domestic-supply wells throughout the US were used to determine the frequency of detection of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking-water sources. The VOC data were compiled from archived chromatograms of samples analyzed originally for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). Concentrations of the VOCs could not be ascertained because standards were not routinely analyzed for VOCs other than trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Nevertheless, the peak areas associated with the elution times of other VOCs on the chromatograms can be classified qualitatively to assess concentrations at a detection limit on the order of parts per quadrillion. Three or more VOCs were detected in 100% (percent) of the chromatograms, and 77.2% of the samples contained 10 or more VOCs. The maximum number of VOCs detected in any sample was 24. Modeled ground-water residence times, determined from concentrations of CFC-12, were used to assess historical trends in the cumulative occurrence of all VOCs detected in this analysis, as well as the occurrence of individual VOCs, such as CFC-11, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform and tetrachloroethene (PCE). The detection frequency for all of the VOCs detected has remained relatively constant from approximately 1940 to 2000; however, the magnitude of the peak areas on the chromatograms for the VOCs in the water samples has increased from 1940 to 2000. For CFC-11, CCl4, chloroform and PCE, small peaks decrease from 1940 to 2000, and large peaks increase from 1940 to 2000. The increase in peak areas on the chromatograms from analyses of more recently recharged water is consistent with reported increases in atmospheric concentrations of the VOCs. Approximately 44% and 6.7% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in pre-1940 water, and 68% and 62% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in water recharged in 2000 exceed solubility equilibrium with average atmospheric concentrations. These exceedences can be attributed to local atmospheric enrichment or direct contaminant input to ground-water flow systems. The detection of VOCs at concentrations indicative of atmospheric sources in 100% of the samples indicates that untreated drinking water from ground-water sources in the US recharged within the past 60 years has been affected by anthropogenic activity. Additional inputs from a variety of sources such as spills, underground injections and leaking landfills or storage tanks increasingly are providing additional sources of contamination to ground water used as drinking-water sources.
At times, total dissolved gas concentrations in the Columbia and Snake rivers have been elevated due to involuntary spill from high spring runoff and voluntary spill used as a method to pass juvenile salmonids over dams. The goal of this project was to determine if acute exposure to total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) affects the reproductive performance of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. During this study, adult female spring chinook salmon were exposed to mean TDGS levels of 114.1 % to 125.5%. We ended exposures at first mortality, or at the appearance of impending death. Based on this criterion, exposures lasted from 10 to 68 h and were inversely related to TDGS. There was no effect of TDGS on pre-spawning mortality or fecundity when comparing treatment fish to experimental controls or the general hatchery population four to six weeks after exposures. Egg quality, based on egg weight and egg diameter, did not differ between treatment and control fish. Fertilization rate and survival to eyed-stage was high (>94%) for all groups. With the exception of Renibacterium salmoninarum (the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease; BKD), no viral or bacterial fish pathogens were isolated from experimental fish. The prevalence (about 45%) and severity of R. salmoninarum did not differ among the groups or the general hatchery population. We conclude that these acute exposures to moderate levels of gas-supersaturated water-perhaps similar to that experienced by immigrating adult salmon as they approach and pass a hydropower dam on the Columbia River-did not affect reproductive success of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. These results are most applicable to summer and fall chinook salmon, which migrate in the summer/fall and spawn shortly after reaching their natal streams. Published in 2004 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.766","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Gale, W.L., Maule, A., Postera, A., and Peters, M., 2004, Acute exposure to gas-supersaturated water does not affect reproductive success of female adult chinook salmon late in maturation: River Research and Applications, v. 20, no. 5, p. 565-576, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.766.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"576","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.766"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d4e4b0c8380cd47666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, William L.","contributorId":48726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Postera, A.","contributorId":102250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Postera","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, M.H.","contributorId":82504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026775,"text":"70026775 - 2004 - Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T17:07:41.502723","indexId":"70026775","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders","docAbstract":"Despite concern over amphibian declines, few studies estimate absolute abundances because of logistic and economic constraints and previously poor estimator performance. Two estimation approaches recommended for amphibian studies are mark-recapture and depletion (or removal) sampling. We compared abundance estimation via various mark-recapture and depletion methods, using data from a three-year study of terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Our results indicate that short-term closed-population, robust design, and depletion methods estimate surface population of salamanders (i.e., those near the surface and available for capture during a given sampling occasion). In longer duration studies, temporary emigration violates assumptions of both open- and closed-population mark-recapture estimation models. However, if the temporary emigration is completely random, these models should yield unbiased estimates of the total population (superpopulation) of salamanders in the sampled area. We recommend using Pollock's robust design in mark-recapture studies because of its flexibility to incorporate variation in capture probabilities and to estimate temporary emigration probabilities.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/194-03A","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Simons, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2004, Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders: Journal of Herpetology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 370-380, https://doi.org/10.1670/194-03A.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.31736632923788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f838e4b0c8380cd4cf55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026754,"text":"70026754 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026754","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"This paper applies nonlinear three-dimensional travel time tomography to refraction data recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) to derive the first large-scale, high-resolution upper crustal velocity model for southwestern British Columbia. A minimum structure P wave velocity model is constructed using 175,000 first arrival travel times picked from data recorded by 58 temporary onshore stations. The model details forearc crustal structures related to terrane accretion and subsequent basin formation to a depth of about 10 km. The Metchosin igneous complex (correlative with the Eocene Crescent-Siletz Terrane in Washington) is imaged as a laterally extensive WNW trending high-velocity anomaly underlying southernmost Vancouver Island and much of the Strait of Juan du Fuca. Northeast of the Strait of Georgia, the southwesterly dip of the contact between the Wrangellia terrane rocks of Vancouver Island and the Coast Plutonic Complex suggests Wrangellia rocks are down-faulted against the plutonic complex. At the southwestern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the 50 km long WNW trending Clallam basin has a maximum thickness of 5-6 km. Near the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Port Townsend basin has an inferred thickness of approximately 4-5 km. The southern end of the 9 km thick Georgia basin is bounded by a high-velocity basement ridge. Beneath the Strait of Georgia, clusters of well-located earthquakes have a prominent NW trend and coincide spatially with rapid lateral velocity changes. Clusters of microearthquakes there are associated with the intersection of several east trending structural highs within this NW trend. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002826","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ramachandran, K., Dosso, S., Zelt, C., Spence, G., Hyndman, R., and Brocher, T., 2004, Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478255,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002826","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826"},{"id":233961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd55e4b08c986b328f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dosso, S.E.","contributorId":45085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dosso","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026746,"text":"70026746 - 2004 - Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-13T16:38:53.500575","indexId":"70026746","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation","docAbstract":"We modify a method of estimating size-age relations from a minimal set of individual increment data, recognizing that growth depends not only on size but also varies greatly among individuals and is consistent within an individual for several to many time intervals. The method is exemplified with data from a long-lived desert plant and a range of autocorrelation factors encompassing field-measured values. The results suggest that age estimates based on size and growth rates with only moderate autocorrelation are subject to large variation, which raises major problems for prediction or hindcasting for ecological analysis or management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-3115","usgsCitation":"Bullock, S., Turner, R.M., Hastings, J., Escoto-Rodriguez, M., Lopez, Z., and Rodrigues-Navarro, J.L., 2004, Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation: Ecology, v. 85, no. 8, p. 2114-2117, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-3115.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2114","endPage":"2117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14ee4b08c986b32a503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, S.H.","contributorId":18547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, J.R.","contributorId":58063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escoto-Rodriguez, M.","contributorId":90509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escoto-Rodriguez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez, Z.R.A.","contributorId":98508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Z.R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodrigues-Navarro, J. L.","contributorId":15381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigues-Navarro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026734,"text":"70026734 - 2004 - Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026734","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Improved interpretations of the strength of the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA based on thermal data require quantification of processes causing significant scatter and uncertainty in existing heat flow data. These effects include topographic refraction, heat advection by topographically-driven groundwater flow, and uncertainty in thermal conductivity. Here, we re-evaluate the heat flow data in this area by correcting for full 3-D terrain effects. We then investigate the potential role of groundwater flow in redistributing fault-generated heat, using numerical models of coupled heat and fluid flow for a wide range of hydrologic scenarios. We find that a large degree of the scatter in the data can be accounted for by 3-D terrain effects, and that for plausible groundwater flow scenarios frictional heat generated along a strong fault is unlikely to be redistributed by topographically-driven groundwater flow in a manner consistent with the 3-D corrected data. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019378","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., Harris, R., and Bekins, B., 2004, Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378"},{"id":234460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9572e4b0c8380cd81a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Reid N.","contributorId":54568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Reid N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026733,"text":"70026733 - 2004 - Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026733","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2797,"text":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents","docAbstract":"Effluents from pulp and paper mills that historically have used elemental chlorine in the bleaching process have been implicated in inhibiting reproduction in fish. Compounds with estrogenic and androgenic binding affinities have been found in these effluents, suggesting that the impairment of reproduction is through an endocrine-related mode of action. To date, a great deal of attention has been paid to phytoestrogens and resin acids that are present in mill process streams as a result of pulping trees. Estrogen and estrogen mimics interact directly with the estrogen receptor and have near immediate effects on gene transcription by turning on the expression of a unique set of genes. Using differential display (DD) RT-PCR, we examined changes in gene expression induced by exposure to paper mill effluents. Largemouth bass were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% paper mill effluent concentrations in large flow-through tanks for varied periods of time including 7, 28 or 56 days. Plasma hormone levels in males and females and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) in females decreased with dose and time. Measurements of changes in gene expression using DD RT-PCR suggest that the gene expression patterns of male fish do not change much with exposure, except for the induction of a few genes including CYP 1A, a protein that is induced through the action of the Ah receptor in response to dioxin and similar polyaromatic hydrocarbons. However, in the case of females, exposure to these effluents resulted in an up-regulation of CYP 1A that was accompanied by a generalized down-regulation of genes normally expressed during the reproductive season. These antiestrogenic changes are in agreement with previous studies in bass exposed to these effluents, and could result in decreased reproductive success in affected populations. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001","issn":"00275107","usgsCitation":"Denslow, N., Kocerha, J., Sepulveda, M.S., Gross, T., and Holm, S.E., 2004, Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents: Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, v. 552, no. 1-2, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001"},{"id":234427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"552","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f8e4b0c8380cd54c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocerha, J.","contributorId":34302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocerha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, Timothy","contributorId":40390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holm, S. E.","contributorId":49315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026732,"text":"70026732 - 2004 - Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026732","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778389","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R., Collins, B., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., and Carver, G., 2004, Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389"},{"id":234426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c7e4b0c8380cd5a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.","contributorId":98087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, D.","contributorId":64000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carver, G.","contributorId":97681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}