The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 caused slip on several active fault strands within the West Napa Fault Zone (WNFZ). Field mapping identified 12.5 km of surface rupture. These field observations, near-field geodesy and space geodesy, together provide evidence for more than ~30 km of surface deformation with a relatively complex distribution across a number of subparallel lineaments. Along a ~7 km section north of the epicenter, the surface rupture is confined to a single trace that cuts alluvial deposits, reoccupying a low-slope scarp. The rupture continued northward onto at least four other traces through subparallel ridges and valleys. Postseismic slip exceeded coseismic slip along much of the southern part of the main rupture trace with total slip 1 year postevent approaching 0.5 m at locations where only a few centimeters were measured the day of the earthquake. Analysis of airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data provides slip distributions along fault traces, indicates connectivity and extent of secondary traces, and confirms that postseismic slip only occurred on the main trace of the fault, perhaps indicating secondary structures ruptured as coseismic triggered slip. Previous mapping identified the WNFZ as a zone of distributed faulting, and this was generally borne out by the complex 2014 rupture pattern. Implications for hazard analysis in similar settings include the need to consider the possibility of complex surface rupture in areas of complex topography, especially where multiple potentially Quaternary-active fault strands can be mapped.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016EA000176","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Donnellan, A., Ponti, D.J., Rubin, R.S., Lienkaemper, J.J., Prentice, C.S., Dawson, T.E., Seitz, G.G., Schwartz, D.P., Hudnut, K.W., Rosa, C.M., Pickering, A.J., and Parker, J.W., 2016, Tearing the terroir: Details and implications of surface rupture and deformation from the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, California: Earth and Space Science, v. 3, no. 10, p. 416-430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000176.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"430","ipdsId":"IP-070320","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ea000176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f4e4b09065cdf30516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnellan, Andrea","contributorId":176745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnellan","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, Ron S.","contributorId":127696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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However, traditional 2-D video observations cannot measure volcanic ejecta motion toward and away from the camera, strongly hindering our capability to fully determine crucial hazard-related parameters such as explosion directionality and pyroclasts' absolute velocity. In this paper, we use up to three synchronized high-speed cameras to reconstruct pyroclasts trajectories in three dimensions. Classical stereographic techniques are adapted to overcome the difficult observation conditions of active volcanic vents, including the large number of overlapping pyroclasts which may change shape in flight, variable lighting and clouding conditions, and lack of direct access to the target. In particular, we use a laser rangefinder to measure the geometry of the filming setup and manually track pyroclasts on the videos. This method reduces uncertainties to 10° in azimuth and dip angle of the pyroclasts, and down to 20% in the absolute velocity estimation. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by three examples: the development of an explosion at Stromboli, a bubble burst at Halema'uma'u lava lake, and an in-flight collision between two bombs at Stromboli.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GC006560","usgsCitation":"Gaudin, D., Taddeucci, J., Houghton, B.F., Orr, T.R., Andronico, D., Del Bello, E., Kueppers, U., Ricci, T., and Scarlato, P., 2016, 3-D high-speed imaging of volcanic bomb trajectory in basaltic explosive eruptions: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 10, p. 4268-4275, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006560.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4268","endPage":"4275","ipdsId":"IP-079090","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"580f1db7e4b0f497e794e4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaudin, D.","contributorId":176189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaudin","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taddeucci, J","contributorId":176190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taddeucci","given":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andronico, D.","contributorId":176191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andronico","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Del Bello, E.","contributorId":176192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Del Bello","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kueppers, U.","contributorId":176193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ricci, T.","contributorId":176194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricci","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scarlato, P.","contributorId":176195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scarlato","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70177792,"text":"70177792 - 2016 - Genetic and phenotypic variation along an ecological gradient in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T12:56:28","indexId":"70177792","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-21T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic and phenotypic variation along an ecological gradient in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush","docAbstract":"Adaptive radiation involving a colonizing phenotype that rapidly evolves into at least one other ecological variant, or ecotype, has been observed in a variety of freshwater fishes in post-glacial environments. However, few studies consider how phenotypic traits vary with regard to neutral genetic partitioning along ecological gradients. Here, we present the first detailed investigation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycushthat considers variation as a cline rather than discriminatory among ecotypes. Genetic and phenotypic traits organized along common ecological gradients of water depth and geographic distance provide important insights into diversification processes in a lake with high levels of human disturbance from over-fishing.
Four putative lake trout ecotypes could not be distinguished using population genetic methods, despite morphological differences. Neutral genetic partitioning in lake trout was stronger along a gradient of water depth, than by locality or ecotype. Contemporary genetic migration patterns were consistent with isolation-by-depth. Historical gene flow patterns indicated colonization from shallow to deep water. Comparison of phenotypic (Pst) and neutral genetic variation (Fst) revealed that morphological traits related to swimming performance (e.g., buoyancy, pelvic fin length) departed more strongly from neutral expectations along a depth gradient than craniofacial feeding traits. Elevated phenotypic variance with increasing water depth in pelvic fin length indicated possible ongoing character release and diversification. Finally, differences in early growth rate and asymptotic fish length across depth strata may be associated with limiting factors attributable to cold deep-water environments.
We provide evidence of reductions in gene flow and divergent natural selection associated with water depth in Lake Superior. Such information is relevant for documenting intraspecific biodiversity in the largest freshwater lake in the world for a species that recently lost considerable genetic diversity and is now in recovery. Unknown is whether observed patterns are a result of an early stage of incipient speciation, gene flow-selection equilibrium, or reverse speciation causing formerly divergent ecotypes to collapse into a single gene pool.
Airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) is a valuable tool for collecting large amounts of elevation data across large areas; however, the limited ability to penetrate dense vegetation with lidar hinders its usefulness for measuring tidal marsh platforms. Methods to correct lidar elevation data are available, but a reliable method that requires limited field work and maintains spatial resolution is lacking. We present a novel method, the Lidar Elevation Adjustment with NDVI (LEAN), to correct lidar digital elevation models (DEMs) with vegetation indices from readily available multispectral airborne imagery (NAIP) and RTK-GPS surveys. Using 17 study sites along the Pacific coast of the U.S., we achieved an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.072 m, with a 40–75% improvement in accuracy from the lidar bare earth DEM. Results from our method compared favorably with results from three other methods (minimum-bin gridding, mean error correction, and vegetation correction factors), and a power analysis applying our extensive RTK-GPS dataset showed that on average 118 points were necessary to calibrate a site-specific correction model for tidal marshes along the Pacific coast. By using available imagery and with minimal field surveys, we showed that lidar-derived DEMs can be adjusted for greater accuracy while maintaining high (1 m) resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020","usgsCitation":"Buffington, K., Dugger, B.D., Thorne, K.M., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2016, Statistical correction of lidar-derived digital elevation models with multispectral airborne imagery in tidal marshes: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 186, p. 616-625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"625","ipdsId":"IP-079777","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GJFZHT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"LEAN-Corrected Collier County DEM for wetlands"},{"id":438532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NQZXU3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"LEAN-Corrected Chesapeake Bay Digital Elevation Models, 2019"},{"id":438531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97R4ES3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"LEAN-Corrected DEM for Suisun Marsh"},{"id":330288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c528e4b0f497e7972c1e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Buffington Kevin J., Dugger Bruce D., Thorne Karen M., Takekawa John Y.","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"12/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":176167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212562,"text":"70212562 - 2016 - Mapping annual forest cover in sub-humid and semi-arid regions through analysis of landsat and PALSAR imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T13:59:59.041494","indexId":"70212562","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-21T08:59:40","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping annual forest cover in sub-humid and semi-arid regions through analysis of landsat and PALSAR imagery","docAbstract":"Accurately mapping the spatial distribution of forests in sub-humid to semi-arid regions over years is a challenging task and causes difficulty to forest management. Relatively large uncertainties still exist in the spatial distribution of forests and deforestation in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions. Numerous publications have used either optical or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing imagery, but the resultant forest cover maps often have large errors. In this study, we proposed a pixel- and rule-based algorithm to identify and map annual forests from 2007 to 2010 in Oklahoma, USA, a transition region with various climate and landscapes, using the integration of the L-band ALOS PALSAR Fine Beam Dual Polarization (FBD) mosaic dataset and Landsat images. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the PALSAR/Landsat forest map were about 88.2% and 0.75 in 2010, with the user and producer accuracy about 93.4% and 75.7%, based on the 3,270 random ground plots collected in 2012 and 2013. Compared with the forest products from JAXA, NLCD, OKESM and OKFRA, the PALSAR/Landsat forest map showed great improvement. The area of the PALSAR/Landsat forest was about 40,149 km2 in 2010, which was close to the area from OKFRA (40,468 km2), but much larger than those from JAXA (32,403 km2) and NLCD (37,628 km2). We analyzed annual forest cover dynamics, and the results show extensive deforestation (2,761 km2, 6.9% of the total forest area in 2010) and reforestation (3,630 km2, 9.0%) in the southeast and central Oklahoma, and the total area of forests increased by 684 km2 from 2007 to 2010. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of data fusion between PALSAR and Landsat images for mapping annual forest cover dynamics in sub-humid to semi-arid regions, and the resultant forest maps would be helpful to forest management.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs8110933","usgsCitation":"Qin, Y., Xiao, X., Wang, J., Dong, J., Ewing, K., Hoagland, B., Hough, D.J., Fagin, T.D., Zou, Z., Geissler, G.L., Xian, G.Z., and Loveland, T., 2016, Mapping annual forest cover in sub-humid and semi-arid regions through analysis of landsat and PALSAR imagery: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 11, 933, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110933.","productDescription":"933, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080582","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110933","text":"Publisher Index 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Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dong, Jinwei","contributorId":238902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Jinwei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ewing, Kayti","contributorId":238906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"Kayti","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoagland, Bruce","contributorId":238908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoagland","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hough, Daniel J","contributorId":238910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hough","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fagin, Todd D","contributorId":238913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fagin","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zou, Zhenhua","contributorId":224062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zou","given":"Zhenhua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Geissler, George L.","contributorId":239086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geissler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70177683,"text":"sir20165035 - 2016 - Simulated effects of groundwater withdrawals from aquifers in Ocean County and vicinity, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:51:41","indexId":"sir20165035","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-21T02:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5035","title":"Simulated effects of groundwater withdrawals from aquifers in Ocean County and vicinity, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth since the 1930s in Ocean County and vicinity, New Jersey, has placed increasing demands upon the area’s freshwater resources. To examine effects of groundwater withdrawals, a three-dimensional groundwater-flow model was developed to simulate the groundwater-flow systems of five area aquifers: the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system and Vincentown aquifer, and three confined aquifers— the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, and the Piney Point aquifer. The influence of withdrawals is evaluated by using transient groundwater-flow model simulations that incorporate three withdrawal schemes. These are (1) no-withdrawal conditions; (2) 2000–03 withdrawal conditions, using reported monthly withdrawals at all production wells from January 2000 through December 2003; and (3) maximum-allocation withdrawal conditions using the maximum withdrawal allowed by New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection permits at each well. Particle tracking analysis, using results from model simulations, delineated particle flow paths from production wells to the point of recharge, and estimated particle travel times.
Compared with no-withdrawal conditions, 2000–03 withdrawal conditions reduced the amount of groundwater flow out of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system into streams, increased the net flow of water into other layers, reduced net flow into or out of storage, and reduced flow from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system to constant head cells.
Freshwater discharging to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary from streams and groundwater is essential to maintaining the ecology of the bay. Examination of selected stress periods indicates that simulated base flow in streams flowing into the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary is reduced by as much as 49 cubic feet per second for 2000 to 2003 withdrawal conditions when compared with no-withdrawal conditions.
In the three confined aquifers, water levels during periods of low recharge and high withdrawals, and high recharge and low withdrawals, were examined to determine seasonal effects on the confined flow systems. The simulated potentiometric surface of the Rio Grande water-bearing zone and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand during selected stress periods indicates substantial declines from no-withdrawal conditions to 2000–03 conditions as a result of groundwater withdrawals. Cones of depression in Toms River Township, Seaside Heights and Seaside Park Boroughs, and Barnegat Light Borough developed in the potentiometric surface of the Piney Point aquifer in response to withdrawals.
Maximum-allocation withdrawals decreased flow out of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system to constant head cells, increased flow out of the aquifer system to adjacent and lower layers, and reduced groundwater discharge to streams when compared with 2000–03 withdrawal conditions. Increases in withdrawals from the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, and the Piney Point aquifer result in an increase in simulated net groundwater flow into these aquifers. Base-flow reduction from 2000–03 conditions to maximum-allocation conditions of 25 to 29 cubic feet per second in all streams draining to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor also is indicated. Potentiometric surfaces of the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, Atlantic City 800-foot sand, and the Piney Point aquifer during two stress periods of simulated maximum-allocation withdrawal conditions indicated the expansion of several cones of depression developed during 2000–03 withdrawals.
Simulation of average 2000–03 withdrawal conditions indicated the extent to which the groundwater-flow system is susceptible to potential saltwater intrusion into near-shore wells. Travel time from recharge to discharge location ranged from 11 to approximately 50,700 years in near-shore Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system wells. Those in Seaside Heights Borough, in Island Beach State Park (Berkeley Township), and in Ship Bottom Borough have particle travel times from 140 to 12,000 years and flow paths that originated under Barnegat Bay or the Atlantic Ocean from the simulation of average maximum-allocation withdrawal conditions.
Travel time along flow paths to wells screened in the Rio Grande water-bearing zone and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand from recharge to discharge point ranged from nearly 530 years to greater than 3.73 million years from the simulation of average 2000–03 withdrawal conditions. Particle tracking indicated that most wells screened in these aquifers derived a large part of their recharge from the Oswego River Basin, with a small portion of flow originating either beneath Barnegat Bay or to the east beneath the Atlantic Ocean. Travel time along flow paths that start beneath either Barnegat Bay or the Atlantic Ocean ranged from 2,300 to approximately 134,000 years from the simulation of average maximum-allocation withdrawal conditions.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Cauller, S.J., Voronin, L.M., and Chepiga, M.M., 2016, Simulated effects of groundwater withdrawals from aquifers in Ocean County and vicinity, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5035, 77 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165035.","productDescription":"x, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-020396","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438535,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H99392","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2005 model used to simulate the effects of groundwater withdrawals from aquifers in Ocean County and vicinity, New Jersey"},{"id":330264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5035/sir20165035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"47.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5035 Report"},{"id":332215,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H99392"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Ocean County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.03549194335938,\n 40.10118506258701\n ],\n [\n -74.04647827148438,\n 40.10538669840983\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.092781012494065\n ],\n [\n -74.09042358398438,\n 40.10013461308659\n ],\n [\n -74.08905029296875,\n 40.12219064672336\n ],\n [\n -74.19754028320312,\n 40.20195268954057\n ],\n [\n -74.33212280273438,\n 40.22397567550632\n ],\n [\n -74.55459594726562,\n 40.08122374895389\n ],\n [\n -74.53399658203125,\n 39.68393975392731\n ],\n [\n -74.45709228515625,\n 39.577114881737586\n ],\n [\n -74.4158935546875,\n 39.536880650643056\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 39.49874248613119\n ],\n [\n -74.3609619140625,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -74.32525634765625,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -74.2401123046875,\n 39.46058338433589\n ],\n [\n -74.02999877929686,\n 39.74521015328692\n ],\n [\n -73.9764404296875,\n 40.091730433255\n ],\n [\n -74.03549194335938,\n 40.10118506258701\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
http://nj.usgs.gov
Managed aquifer recharge is used to augment natural recharge to aquifers. It can be used to replenish aquifers depleted by pumping or to store water during wetter years for withdrawal during drier years. Infiltration from ponds is a commonly used, inexpensive approach for managed aquifer recharge.
At some managed aquifer-recharge sites, the time when infiltrated water arrives at the water table is not always clearly shown by water-level data. As part of site characterization and operation, it can be desirable to track downward movement of infiltrated water through the unsaturated zone to identify when it arrives at the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Nawikas, J.M, O’Leary, D.R., Izbicki, J.A., and Burgess, M.K., 2016, Selected techniques for monitoring water movement through unsaturated alluvium during managed aquifer recharge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–5105, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161180.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060596","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1180/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1180/ofr20161180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1180"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Joseph Nawikas
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jnawika@usgs.gov
Plastic debris is a growing contaminant of concern in freshwater environments, yet sources, transport, and fate remain unclear. This study characterized the quantity and morphology of floating micro- and macroplastics in 29 Great Lakes tributaries in six states under different land covers, wastewater effluent contributions, population densities, and hydrologic conditions. Tributaries were sampled three or four times each using a 333 μm mesh neuston net. Plastic particles were sorted by size, counted, and categorized as fibers/lines, pellets/beads, foams, films, and fragments. Plastics were found in all 107 samples, with a maximum concentration of 32 particles/m3 and a median of 1.9 particles/m3. Ninety-eight percent of sampled plastic particles were less than 4.75 mm in diameter and therefore considered microplastics. Fragments, films, foams, and pellets/beads were positively correlated with urban-related watershed attributes and were found at greater concentrations during runoff-event conditions. Fibers, the most frequently detected particle type, were not associated with urban-related watershed attributes, wastewater effluent contribution, or hydrologic condition. Results from this study add to the body of information currently available on microplastics in different environmental compartments, including unique contributions to quantify their occurrence and variability in rivers with a wide variety of different land-use characteristics while highlighting differences between surface samples from rivers compared with lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b02917","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Corsi, S., and Mason, S.A., 2016, Plastic debris in 29 Great Lakes tributaries: Relations to watershed attributes and hydrology: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 19, p. 10377-10385, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02917.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10377","endPage":"10385","ipdsId":"IP-074452","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470494,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC80ZP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microplastics in 29 Great Lakes tributaries (2014-15)"},{"id":330332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC80ZP"},{"id":330289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c529e4b0f497e7972c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. 0000-0003-0583-5536 srcorsi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5536","contributorId":172002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, Sherri A.","contributorId":176172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175133,"text":"cir1423 - 2016 - Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—A case study in partnership development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-24T11:25:37","indexId":"cir1423","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1423","title":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—A case study in partnership development","docAbstract":"The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) is a successful example of collaboration between science and natural resource management at the landscape scale. In southwestern Wyoming, expanding energy and mineral development, urban growth, and other changes in land use over recent decades, combined with landscape-scale drivers such as climate change and invasive species, have presented compelling challenges to resource managers and a diverse group of Federal, State, industry, and non-governmental organizations, as well as citizen stakeholders. To address these challenges, the WLCI was established as a collaborative forum and interagency partnership to develop and implement science-based conservation actions. About a decade after being established, this report documents the establishment and history of the WLCI, focusing on the path to success of the initiative and providing insights and details that may be useful in developing similar partnerships in other locations. Not merely retrospective, the elements of the WLCI that are presented herein are still in play, still evolving, and still contributing to the resolution of compelling conservation challenges in the Western United States.
The U.S. Geological Survey has developed many successful longstanding partnerships, of which the WLCI is one example.
“As the Nation’s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping agency, the U.S. Geological Survey collects, monitors, analyzes, and provides scientific understanding about natural resource conditions, issues, and problems. The diversity of our scientific expertise enables us to carry out large-scale, multi-disciplinary investigations and provide impartial scientific information to resource managers, planners, and other customers” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2016).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1423","usgsCitation":"D’Erchia, Frank, 2016, Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—A case study in partnership development: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1423, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1423.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075303","costCenters":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329717,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1423/cir1423.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1423"},{"id":329716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1423/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Geological Survey
Northwest Region
909 1st Ave.
Seattle, Washington 98104
https://www.usgs.gov/science
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Notoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known for Notoedres cati in domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1017/S0031182016001505","usgsCitation":"Foley, J.E., Serieys, L., Stephenson, N., Riley, S., Foley, C., Jennings, M., Wengert, G., Vickers, W., Boydston, E.E., Lyren, L.L., Moriarty, J., and Clifford, D., 2016, A synthetic review of notoedres species mites and mange: Parasitology, v. 143, no. 14, p. 1847-1861, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182016001505.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1847","endPage":"1861","ipdsId":"IP-076973","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c1e4b0f497e78fca42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Janet E.","contributorId":148029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foley","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serieys, L.E.","contributorId":176157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serieys","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, N.","contributorId":176158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, S.","contributorId":176159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foley, C.","contributorId":176160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jennings, M.","contributorId":176161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wengert, G.","contributorId":176162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wengert","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vickers, W.","contributorId":176163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vickers","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lyren, Lisa L.","contributorId":166968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyren","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moriarty, J.","contributorId":176164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moriarty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clifford, D.L.","contributorId":176165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70177104,"text":"ofr20161104 - 2016 - Abstract volume for the 2016 biennial meeting of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T09:26:20","indexId":"ofr20161104","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1104","title":"Abstract volume for the 2016 biennial meeting of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"Every two years, scientists, natural resource managers, outreach specialists, and a variety of other interested parties get together for the biennial meeting of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO). Each time, the theme varies. In past years, we have focused the meeting around topics including monitoring plans, emergency response, geodesy, and outreach. This year, we spent the first half-day devoted to recent research results, plans for upcoming studies, and geothermal monitoring. On the second day, our focus switched to eruption precursors, particularly as they apply to large caldera systems.
Very few large explosive eruptions from caldera systems have taken place in recorded history. Therefore, there are few empirical data with which to characterize the nature of volcanic unrest that might precede eruptions with volcano explosivity index (VEI) of six or greater. For this reason, we set up a series of talks that explore what we know and don’t know about large eruptions. We performed an informal expert elicitation (a frequently used method to characterize expert opinion) with a small number of our colleagues, which served as the basis for a productive discussion session.
This short volume of abstracts and extended abstracts provides a summary of the presentations made at the YVO meeting held in Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, on May 10–11, 2016.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161104","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., ed., 2016, Abstract volume for the 2016 biennial meeting of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1104, 46 p., https://www.dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161104","productDescription":"iii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076807","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1104/ofr20161104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1104"},{"id":329773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1104/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Contact YVO
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/
Warton et al. [1] advance community ecology by describing a statistical framework that can jointly model abundances (or distributions) across many taxa to quantify how community properties respond to environmental variables. This framework specifies the effects of both measured and unmeasured (latent) variables on the abundance (or occurrence) of each species. Latent variables are random effects that capture the effects of both missing environmental predictors and correlations in parameter values among different species. As presented in Warton et al., however, the joint modeling framework fails to account for the common problem of detection or measurement errors that always accompany field sampling of abundance or occupancy, and are well known to obscure species- and community-level inferences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.009","collaboration":"Steven R. Beissinger1, Kelly J. Iknayan1, Elise F. Zipkin2, Robert M. Dorazio3, J. Andrew Royle4, and Marc Kéry5.","usgsCitation":"Beissinger, S.R., Iknayan, K.J., Guillera-Arroita, G., Zipkin, E., Dorazio, R., Royle, A., and Kery, M., 2016, Incorporating imperfect detection into joint models of communites: A response to Warton et al.: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 31, no. 10, p. 736-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.009.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"737","ipdsId":"IP-076941","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt161109f9/qt161109f9.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":330241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c2e4b0f497e78fca4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissinger, Steven R.","contributorId":100534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beissinger","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iknayan, Kelly J.","contributorId":77835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iknayan","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta","contributorId":149296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillera-Arroita","given":"Gurutzeta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise ezipkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"ezipkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":651649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":168361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70177752,"text":"70177752 - 2016 - Roseate Tern breeding dispersal and fidelity: Responses to two newly restored colony sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T09:23:35","indexId":"70177752","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roseate Tern breeding dispersal and fidelity: Responses to two newly restored colony sites","docAbstract":"We used 22 yr of capture–mark–reencounter (CMR) data collected from 1988 to 2009 on about 12,500 birds at what went from three to five coastal colony sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut, United States, to examine spatial and temporal variation in breeding dispersal/fidelity rates of adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii). At the start of our study, Roseate Terns nested at only one site (Bird Island) in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, but two more sites in this bay (Ram and Penikese Islands) were subsequently recolonized and became incorporated into our CMR metapopulation study. We examined four major hypotheses about factors we thought might influence colony-site fidelity and movement rates in the restructured system. We found some evidence that colony-site fidelity remained higher at long-established sites compared with newer ones and that breeding dispersal was more likely to occur among nearby sites than distant ones. Sustained predation at Falkner Island, Connecticut, did not result in a sustained drop in fidelity rates of breeders. Patterns of breeding dispersal differed substantially at the two restored sites. The fidelity of Roseate Terns at Bird dropped quickly after nearby Ram was recolonized in 1994, and fidelity rates for Ram soon approached those for Bird. After an oil spill in Buzzards Bay in April 2003, hazing (deliberate disturbance) of the terns at Ram prior to the start of egg-laying resulted in lowering of fidelity at this site, a decrease in immigration from Bird, and recolonization of Penikese by Roseate Terns. Annual fidelity rates at Penikese increased somewhat several years after the initial recolonization, but they remained much lower there than at all the other sites throughout the study period. The sustained high annual rates of emigration from Penikese resulted in the eventual failure of the restoration effort there, and in 2013, no Roseate Terns nested at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1510","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J.A., Monticelli, D., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Nisbet, I., Cormons, G., Hays, H., Hatch, J., and Mostello, C., 2016, Roseate Tern breeding dispersal and fidelity: Responses to two newly restored colony sites: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 10, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1510.","productDescription":"e01510; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-073068","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode 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Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nisbet, Ian","contributorId":176113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nisbet","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cormons, Grace","contributorId":176114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cormons","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hays, Helen","contributorId":176115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hays","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatch, Jeremy","contributorId":176116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mostello, Carolyn","contributorId":176117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mostello","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70177776,"text":"70177776 - 2016 - Importance of regional variation in conservation planning: A rangewide example of the Greater Sage-Grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T16:27:31","indexId":"70177776","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of regional variation in conservation planning: A rangewide example of the Greater Sage-Grouse","docAbstract":"We developed rangewide population and habitat models for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) that account for regional variation in habitat selection and relative densities of birds for use in conservation planning and risk assessments. We developed a probabilistic model of occupied breeding habitat by statistically linking habitat characteristics within 4 miles of an occupied lek using a nonlinear machine learning technique (Random Forests). Habitat characteristics used were quantified in GIS and represent standard abiotic and biotic variables related to sage-grouse biology. Statistical model fit was high (mean correctly classified = 82.0%, range = 75.4–88.0%) as were cross-validation statistics (mean = 80.9%, range = 75.1–85.8%). We also developed a spatially explicit model to quantify the relative density of breeding birds across each Greater Sage-Grouse management zone. The models demonstrate distinct clustering of relative abundance of sage-grouse populations across all management zones. On average, approximately half of the breeding population is predicted to be within 10% of the occupied range. We also found that 80% of sage-grouse populations were contained in 25–34% of the occupied range within each management zone. Our rangewide population and habitat models account for regional variation in habitat selection and the relative densities of birds, and thus, they can serve as a consistent and common currency to assess how sage-grouse habitat and populations overlap with conservation actions or threats over the entire sage-grouse range. We also quantified differences in functional habitat responses and disturbance thresholds across the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) management zones using statistical relationships identified during habitat modeling. Even for a species as specialized as Greater Sage-Grouse, our results show that ecological context matters in both the strength of habitat selection (i.e., functional response curves) and response to disturbance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1462","usgsCitation":"Doherty, K., Evans, J.S., Coates, P.S., Juliusson, L., and Fedy, B., 2016, Importance of regional variation in conservation planning: A rangewide example of the Greater Sage-Grouse: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 10, e01462: 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1462.","productDescription":"e01462: 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-073764","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1462","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -101.77734374999999,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -101.77734374999999,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 35.67514743608467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c2e4b0f497e78fca46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, Kevin 0000-0003-3635-7346","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-7346","contributorId":176149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":651763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":171756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juliusson, Lara","contributorId":171757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juliusson","given":"Lara","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fedy, Bradley C.","contributorId":40536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177099,"text":"70177099 - 2016 - Low-δD hydration rinds in Yellowstone perlites record rapid syneruptive hydration during glacial and interglacial conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T10:27:12","indexId":"70177099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-δD hydration rinds in Yellowstone perlites record rapid syneruptive hydration during glacial and interglacial conditions","docAbstract":"Hydration of silicic volcanic glass forms perlite, a dusky, porous form of altered glass characterized by abundant “onion-skin” fractures. The timing and temperature of perlite formation are enigmatic and could plausibly occur during eruption, during post-eruptive cooling, or much later at ambient temperatures. To learn more about the origin of natural perlite, and to fingerprint the hydration waters, we investigated perlitic glass from several synglacial and interglacial rhyolitic lavas and tuffs from the Yellowstone volcanic system. Perlitic cores are surrounded by a series of conchoidal cracks that separate 30- to 100-µm-thick slivers, likely formed in response to hydration-induced stress. H2O and D/H profiles confirm that most D/H exchange happens together with rapid H2O addition but some smoother D/H variations may suggest separate minor exchange by deuterium atom interdiffusion following hydration. The hydrated rinds (2–3 wt% H2O) transition rapidly (within 30 µm, or by 1 wt% H2O per 10 µm) to unhydrated glass cores. This is consistent with quenched “hydration fronts” where H2O diffusion coefficients are strongly dependent on H2O concentrations. The chemical, δ18O, and δD systematics of bulk glass records last equilibrium between ~110 and 60 °C without chemical exchange but with some δ18O exchange. Similarly, the δ18O of water extracted from glass by rapid heating suggests that water was added to the glass during cooling at <200 °C. Our observations support fast hydration at temperatures as low as 60 °C; prolonged exposure to high temperature of 175°–225° during water addition is less likely as the glass would lose alkalies and should alter to clays within days. A compilation of low-temperature hydration diffusion coefficients suggests ~2 orders of magnitude higher rates of diffusion at 60–110 °C temperatures, compared with values expected from extrapolation of high-temperature (>400 °C) experimental data. The thick hydration rinds in perlites, measuring hundreds of microns, preserve the original D/H values of hydrating water as a recorder of paleoclimate conditions. Measured δD values in perlitic lavas are −150 to −191 or 20–40 ‰ lower than glass hydrated by modern Yellowstone waters. This suggests that Yellowstone perlites record the low-δD signature of glacial ice. Cooling calculations, combined with the observed high water diffusion coefficients noted for 60–150 °C, suggest that if sufficient hot water or steam is available, any rhyolite flow greater than ~5 m thick can develop the observed ~250-µm hydration rinds within the expected timescale of cooling (weeks–years). As the process of hydration involves shattering of 30- to 100-µm-thick slivers to expose unhydrated rhyolite glass, the time required for hydration may be even shorter. Rapid hydration and formation of relatively thick-walled glass shards allow perlites to provide a snapshot view of the meteoric water (and thus climate) at the time of initial alteration. Perlites retain their initial hydration D/H signal better than thin-walled ash, which in contrast hydrates over many thousands of years with time-averaged precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-016-1293-1","usgsCitation":"Bindeman, I.N., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2016, Low-δD hydration rinds in Yellowstone perlites record rapid syneruptive hydration during glacial and interglacial conditions: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 171, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1293-1.","productDescription":"Article 89; 24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-075820","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088685e4b0f497e78e24b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177109,"text":"70177109 - 2016 - Effects of seasonal drawdowns on fish assemblages in sections of an impounded river-canal system in upstate New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T10:19:56","indexId":"70177109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of seasonal drawdowns on fish assemblages in sections of an impounded river-canal system in upstate New York","docAbstract":"The Mohawk River and New York State Barge Canal run together as a series of permanent and temporary impoundments for most of the distance between Rome and Albany, New York. The downstream or lower section is composed of two permanent impoundments, the middle section of a series of temporary (seasonal) impoundments, and the upper section of a series of permanent impoundments. In the middle section, movable dams are lifted from the water during winter and the wetted surface area decreases by 36–56%. We used boat electrofishing during spring 2014 and 2015 to compare the relative abundance of fish populations and the composition of fish assemblages between the permanently and seasonally impounded sections of the Barge Canal and to infer the effects of the two flow management practices. A total of 3,264 individuals from 38 species were captured, and total catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged from 46.0 to 134.7 fish/h at sites in the seasonally impounded section, compared with 140.0–342.0 fish/h in the permanent lower section and 89.0–282.0 fish/h in the permanent upper section. The amount of drawdown explained 55% of the variation in total CPUE and was a highly significant predictor variable. Mean total CPUE in the seasonally impounded section was significantly lower (by about 50%) than that in either permanently impounded section, and the assemblage composition differed significantly between sections. The relative abundance of many lentic species was markedly lower in the seasonally impounded section, while the relative abundance of several native cyprinids and the percentage of individuals belonging to species that are native to the watershed was greater in this section. Overall, these findings suggest that winter dam removal in impounded rivers may reduce the abundance of fish but may also create more natural riverine conditions that favor some native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1223751","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B.P., and Wells, S.M., 2016, Effects of seasonal drawdowns on fish assemblages in sections of an impounded river-canal system in upstate New York: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1348-1357, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223751.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1357","ipdsId":"IP-069683","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effects_of_Seasonal_Drawdowns_on_Fish_Assemblages_in_Sections_of_an_Impounded_River_Canal_System_in_Upstate_New_York/4029342","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.55023193359374,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -75.55023193359374,\n 43.36512572875844\n ],\n [\n -73.6578369140625,\n 43.36512572875844\n ],\n [\n -73.6578369140625,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -75.55023193359374,\n 42.61577022637093\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088685e4b0f497e78e24b7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1223751","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223751","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","authors":"George Scott D., Baldigo Barry P., Wells Scott M.","journalName":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","publicationDate":"10/14/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Scott M","contributorId":175502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":27581,"text":"NY State Dept of Conservation Region 4 Bureau of Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177107,"text":"70177107 - 2016 - Probing the volcanic-plutonic connection and the genesis of crystal-rich rhyolite in a deeply dissected supervolcano in the Nevada Great Basin: Source of the late Eocene Caetano Tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T11:13:42","indexId":"70177107","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probing the volcanic-plutonic connection and the genesis of crystal-rich rhyolite in a deeply dissected supervolcano in the Nevada Great Basin: Source of the late Eocene Caetano Tuff","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic faulting and large-magnitude extension in the Great Basin of the western USA has created locally deep windows into the upper crust, permitting direct study of volcanic and plutonic rocks within individual calderas. The Caetano caldera in north–central Nevada, formed during the mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up, offers one of the best exposed and most complete records of caldera magmatism. Integrating whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, isotope geochemistry and geochronology with field studies and geologic mapping, we define the petrologic evolution of the magmatic system that sourced the >1100 km3Caetano Tuff. The intra-caldera Caetano Tuff is up to ∼5 km thick, composed of crystal-rich (30–45 vol. %), high-silica rhyolite, overlain by a smaller volume of comparably crystal-rich, low-silica rhyolite. It defies classification as either a monotonous intermediate or crystal-poor zoned rhyolite, as commonly ascribed to ignimbrite eruptions. Crystallization modeling based on the observed mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry demonstrates that the compositional zonation can be explained by liquid–cumulate evolution in the Caetano Tuff magma chamber, with the more evolved lower Caetano Tuff consisting of extracted liquids that continued to crystallize and mix in the upper part of the chamber following segregation from a cumulate-rich, and more heterogeneous, source mush. The latter is represented in the caldera stratigraphy by the less evolved upper Caetano Tuff. Whole-rock major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry, modal mineralogy and mineral chemistry, O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry, sanidine Ar–Ar geochronology, and zircon U–Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry provide robust evidence that the voluminous caldera intrusions (Carico Lake pluton and Redrock Canyon porphyry) are genetically equivalent to the least evolved Caetano Tuff and formed from magma that remained in the lower chamber after ignimbrite eruption and caldera collapse. Thus, the Caetano Tuff contradicts models for the mutually exclusive origins of voluminous volcanic and plutonic magmas in the upper crust. Crystal-scale O isotope data indicate that the Caetano Tuff is one of the most 18O-enriched rhyolites in the Great Basin (δ18Omagma = 10·2 ± 0·2‰), supporting anatexis of local metasedimentary basement crust. Metapelite xenoliths in the Carico Lake pluton and ubiquitous xenocrystic zircons in the Caetano Tuff provide constraints for the anatexis process; these data point to shallow (<15 km) dehydration melting of a protolith similar to the Proterozoic McCoy Creek Group siliciclastic sediments in eastern Nevada, projected beneath Caetano in fault-stacked shelf sediments that were thickened during Mesozoic crustal shortening. Mean zircon U–Pb ages for different stratigraphic levels of the intra-caldera Caetano Tuff are 34·2–34·5 Ma, 0·2–0·5 Myr older than the caldera sanidine 40Ar/39Ar age of 34·00 ± 0·03 Ma, documenting protracted duration of assembly and homogenization of isotopically diverse upper crustal melts, followed by crystallization and zonation to generate the Caetano Tuff magma chamber. Sanidine rims in the least evolved Caetano Tuff and in the Carico Lake pluton and Redrock Canyon porphyry have sharply zoned Ba domains that point to crystal growth during magmatic recharge events. The recharge magma is inferred to have been compositionally similar to the Caetano Tuff magma, with increased Ba resulting from remelting of Ba-rich sanidine cumulates. Mush reactivation to generate the Caetano Tuff eruption was sufficiently rapid to preserve compositional gradients in the intracaldera ignimbrite, calling into question models that predict homogeneity as a prerequisite for remobilizing crystal-rich ignimbrite magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egw051","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.E., John, D.A., Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., Bindeman, I.N., and Schmitt, A.K., 2016, Probing the volcanic-plutonic connection and the genesis of crystal-rich rhyolite in a deeply dissected supervolcano in the Nevada Great Basin: Source of the late Eocene Caetano Tuff: Journal of Petrology, v. 57, no. 8, p. 1599-1644, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egw051.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"1599","endPage":"1644","ipdsId":"IP-064750","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egw051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088686e4b0f497e78e24b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":175501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[{"id":6689,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmitt, Axel K.","contributorId":127614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Axel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176894,"text":"sir20165105 - 2016 - Flood-inundation maps for the Peckman River in the Townships of Verona, Cedar Grove, and Little Falls, and the Borough of Woodland Park, New Jersey, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T13:36:38","indexId":"sir20165105","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5105","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Peckman River in the Townships of Verona, Cedar Grove, and Little Falls, and the Borough of Woodland Park, New Jersey, 2014","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an approximate 7.5-mile reach of the Peckman River in New Jersey, which extends from Verona Lake Dam in the Township of Verona downstream through the Township of Cedar Grove and the Township of Little Falls to the confluence with the Passaic River in the Borough of Woodland Park, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the probable areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey (station number 01389534). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/.
Flood profiles were simulated for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgages on the Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey (station number 01389534) and the Peckman River at Little Falls, New Jersey (station number 01389550). The hydraulic model was then used to compute eight water-surface profiles for flood stages at 0.5-foot (ft) intervals ranging from 3.0 ft or near bankfull to 6.5 ft, which is approximately the highest recorded water level during the period of record (1979–2014) at USGS streamgage 01389534, Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage provides emergency management personnel and residents with information, such as estimates of inundation extents, based on water stage, that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Niemoczynski, M.J., and Watson, K.M., 2016, Flood-inundation maps for the Peckman River in the Townships of Verona, Cedar Grove, and Little Falls, and the Borough of Woodland Park, New Jersey, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5105, 13 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165105","productDescription":"vii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053115","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5105/sir20165105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5105"},{"id":329481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5105/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343948,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C53J0H","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood-inundation Mapping Data for the Peckman River in the Townships of Verona, Cedar Grove, and Little Falls, and the Borough of Woodland Park, New Jersey, 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":" Cedar Grove, Little Falls, Verona, Woodland Park","otherGeospatial":"Peckman River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.4,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -74.1,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -74.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville NJ, 08648
http://nj.usgs.gov/
This study assessed lake-water levels and regional and local groundwater and surface-water exchanges near northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes applying three approaches: statistical analysis, field study, and groundwater-flow modeling. Statistical analyses of lake levels were completed to assess the effect of physical setting and climate on lake-level fluctuations of selected lakes. A field study of groundwater and surface-water interactions in selected lakes was completed to (1) estimate potential percentages of surface-water contributions to well water across the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, (2) estimate general ages for waters extracted from the wells, and (3) assess groundwater inflow to lakes and lake-water outflow to aquifers downgradient from White Bear Lake. Groundwater flow was simulated using a steady-state, groundwater-flow model to assess regional groundwater and surface-water exchanges and the effects of groundwater withdrawals, climate, and other factors on water levels of northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council and Minnesota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., Trost, J.J., and Erickson, M.L., eds., 2016, Water levels and groundwater and surface-water exchanges in lakes of the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 2002 through 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5139, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165139.","productDescription":"2 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5139/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 45.29614310895674\n ],\n [\n -93.56231689453125,\n 45.464946600971466\n ],\n [\n -92.67791748046875,\n 45.464946600971466\n ],\n [\n -92.64907836914062,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -92.65045166015625,\n 45.427371178989084\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 45.40230699238177\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 45.37337295384522\n ],\n [\n -92.69851684570312,\n 45.35407536661815\n ],\n [\n -92.70401000976562,\n 45.32704768567264\n ],\n [\n -92.72872924804688,\n 45.30387083299528\n ],\n [\n -92.76031494140625,\n 45.287448160456634\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 45.260388684823695\n ],\n [\n -92.75344848632812,\n 45.21687321093267\n ],\n [\n -92.76443481445311,\n 45.19268354749929\n ],\n [\n -92.75344848632812,\n 45.17041997262664\n ],\n [\n -92.74383544921875,\n 45.11520750294172\n ],\n [\n -92.78778076171874,\n 45.07836948371111\n ],\n [\n -92.79464721679688,\n 45.055091121730385\n ],\n [\n -92.76718139648438,\n 45.035685245316316\n ],\n [\n -92.76443481445311,\n 45.021126517829614\n ],\n [\n -92.7685546875,\n 44.992969144596394\n ],\n [\n -92.76168823242188,\n 44.959939425508466\n ],\n [\n -92.75619506835936,\n 44.92397370210939\n ],\n [\n -92.75894165039062,\n 44.90549606158295\n ],\n [\n -92.77267456054686,\n 44.89771422497743\n ],\n [\n -92.7740478515625,\n 44.88214739188459\n ],\n [\n -92.76168823242188,\n 44.87728189251396\n ],\n [\n -92.76580810546875,\n 44.860736117070026\n ],\n [\n -92.76718139648438,\n 44.83055216443822\n ],\n [\n -92.78366088867188,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -92.79602050781249,\n 44.77696106840196\n ],\n [\n -92.8070068359375,\n 44.74868389996833\n ],\n [\n -92.8619384765625,\n 44.75356026127114\n ],\n [\n -92.90176391601562,\n 44.77403648591521\n ],\n [\n -92.93746948242188,\n 44.7691618526244\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 44.76038647589176\n ],\n [\n -92.96218872070312,\n 44.75697346938202\n ],\n [\n -92.98553466796875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -93.00544738769531,\n 44.76818687659432\n ],\n [\n -93.02261352539062,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -93.01437377929686,\n 44.82178611905465\n ],\n [\n -93.0157470703125,\n 44.86852295681338\n ],\n [\n -93.02536010742188,\n 44.89868701215517\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 44.91327684489316\n ],\n [\n -93.05831909179688,\n 44.941473354802504\n ],\n [\n -93.08441162109374,\n 44.94438944516438\n ],\n [\n -93.11599731445312,\n 44.923001342833096\n ],\n [\n -93.16543579101562,\n 44.89382291168926\n ],\n [\n -93.18878173828125,\n 44.89479576469787\n ],\n [\n -93.2025146484375,\n 44.912304304581525\n ],\n [\n -93.2025146484375,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -93.218994140625,\n 44.96382626228214\n ],\n [\n -93.26019287109375,\n 44.97645666320777\n ],\n [\n -93.27392578125,\n 44.991026746594535\n ],\n [\n -93.28903198242188,\n 45.03665569548622\n ],\n [\n -93.28353881835938,\n 45.08418759300652\n ],\n [\n -93.27941894531249,\n 45.106484856646844\n ],\n [\n -93.31100463867188,\n 45.1394300814679\n ],\n [\n -93.34808349609375,\n 45.15686396890044\n ],\n [\n -93.36593627929688,\n 45.17526062079539\n ],\n [\n -93.394775390625,\n 45.1907479300741\n ],\n [\n -93.4222412109375,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -93.44284057617186,\n 45.215905821884036\n ],\n [\n -93.48129272460936,\n 45.22557897178979\n ],\n [\n -93.50601196289062,\n 45.24105258851866\n ],\n [\n -93.54446411132811,\n 45.25555527789205\n ],\n [\n -93.5540771484375,\n 45.263288531496876\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 45.29614310895674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
Water levels declined from 2003 to 2011 in many lakes in Ramsey and Washington Counties in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota; however, water levels in other northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes increased during the same period. Groundwater and surface-water exchanges can be important in determining lake levels where these exchanges are an important component of the water budget of a lake. An understanding of groundwater and surface-water exchanges in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area has been limited by the lack of hydrologic data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council and Minnesota Department of Health, completed a field and statistical study assessing lake-water levels and regional and local groundwater and surface-water exchanges near northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes. This report documents the analysis of collected hydrologic, water-quality, and geophysical data; and existing hydrologic and geologic data to (1) assess the effect of physical setting and climate on lake-level fluctuations of selected lakes, (2) estimate potential percentages of surface-water contributions to well water across the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, (3) estimate general ages for waters extracted from the wells, and (4) assess groundwater inflow to lakes and lake-water outflow to aquifers downgradient from White Bear Lake.
Statistical analyses of lake levels during short-term (2002–10) and long-term (1925–2014) periods were completed to help understand lake-level changes across the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. Comparison of 2002–10 lake levels to several landscape and geologic characteristics explained variability in lake-level changes for 96 northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes. Application of several statistical methods determined that (1) closed-basin lakes (without an active outlet) had larger lake-level declines than flow-through lakes with an outlet; (2) closed-basin lake-level changes reflected groundwater-level changes in the Quaternary, Prairie du Chien, and Jordan aquifers; (3) the installation of outlet-control structures, such as culverts and weirs, resulted in smaller multiyear lake-level changes than lakes without outlet-control structures; (4) water levels in lakes primarily overlying Superior Lobe deposits were significantly more variable than lakes primarily overlying Des Moines Lobe deposits; (5) lake-level declines were larger with increasing mean lake-level elevation; and (6) the frequency of some of these characteristics varies by landscape position. Flow-through lakes and lakes with outlet-control structures were more common in watersheds with more than 50 percent urban development compared to watersheds with less than 50 percent urban development. A comparison of two 35-year periods during 1925–2014 revealed that variability of annual mean lake levels in flow-through lakes increased when annual precipitation totals were more variable, whereas variability of annual mean lake levels in closed-basin lakes had the opposite pattern, being more variable when annual precipitation totals were less variable.
Oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and hydrogen-2/hydrogen-1 ratios for water samples from 40 wells indicated the well water was a mixture of surface water and groundwater in 31 wells, whereas ratios from water sampled from 9 other wells indicated that water from these wells receive no surface-water contribution. Of the 31 wells with a mixture of surface water and groundwater, 11 were downgradient from White Bear Lake, likely receiving water from deeper parts of the lake.
Age dating of water samples from wells indicated that the age of water in the Prairie du Chien and Jordan aquifers can vary widely across the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. Estimated ages of recharge for 9 of the 40 wells sampled for chlorofluorocarbon concentrations ranged widely from the early 1940s to mid-1970s. The wide range in estimated ages of recharge may have resulted from the wide range in the open-interval lengths and depths for the wells.
Results from stable isotope analyses of water samples, lake-sediment coring, continuous seismic-reflection profiling, and water-level and flow monitoring indicated that there is groundwater inflow from nearshore sites and lake-water outflow from deep-water sites in White Bear Lake. Continuous seismic-reflection profiling indicated that deep sections of White Bear, Pleasant, Turtle, and Big Marine Lakes have few trapped gases and little organic material, which indicates where groundwater and lake-water exchanges are more likely. Water-level differences between White Bear Lake and piezometer and seepage measurements in deep waters of the lake indicate that groundwater and lake-water exchange is happening in deep waters, predominantly downgradient from the lake and into the lake sediment. Seepage fluxes measured in the nearshore sites of White Bear Lake generally were higher than seepage fluxes measured in the deep-water sites, which indicates that groundwater-inflow rates at most of the nearshore sites are higher than lake-water outflow from the deep-water sites.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water levels and groundwater and surface-water exchanges in lakes of the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 2002 through 2015 (Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5139)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165139A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council and Minnesota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., Trost, J.J., Diekoff, A.L., Rosenberry, D.O., White, E.A., Erickson, M.L., Morel, D.L., and Heck, J.M., 2016, Statistical analysis of lake levels and field study of groundwater and surface-water exchanges in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 2002 through 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5139–A, 86 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165139A.","productDescription":"Report: x, 86 p.; 2 Tables; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076833","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329656,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5139/a/sir20165139A_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables 1–1 to 1–3","size":"151 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5139 Appendix Tables 1–1 to 1–3"},{"id":329654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5139/a/sir20165139A_table7.xlsx","text":"Table 7","size":"39 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5139 Table 7"},{"id":329655,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5139/a/sir20165139A_table9.xlsx","text":"Table 9","size":"23.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5139 Table 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U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
Probabilistic seismic‐hazard assessment (PSHA) requires an estimate of Mmax, the moment magnitude M of the largest earthquake that could occur within a specified area. Sparse seismicity hinders Mmax estimation in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) and tectonically similar regions worldwide (stable continental regions [SCRs]). A new global catalog of moderate‐to‐large SCR earthquakes is analyzed with minimal assumptions about enigmatic geologic controls on SCR Mmax. An earlier observation that SCR earthquakes of M 7.0 and larger occur in young (250–23 Ma) passive continental margins and associated rifts but not in cratons is not strongly supported by the new catalog. SCR earthquakes of M 7.5 and larger are slightly more numerous and reach slightly higher M in young passive margins and rifts than in cratons. However, overall histograms of M from young margins and rifts and from cratons are statistically indistinguishable. This conclusion is robust under uncertainties inM, the locations of SCR boundaries, and which of two available global SCR catalogs is used. The conclusion stems largely from recent findings that (1) large southeast Asian earthquakes once thought to be SCR were in actively deforming crust and (2) long escarpments in cratonic Australia were formed by prehistoric faulting. The 2014 seismic‐hazard model of the U.S. Geological Survey represents CEUS Mmax as four‐point probability distributions. The distributions have weighted averages of M 7.0 in cratons and M 7.4 in passive margins and rifts. These weighted averages are consistent with Mmax estimates of other SCR PSHAs of the CEUS, southeastern Canada, Australia, and India.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160048","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2016, Maximum magnitude (Mmax) in the central and eastern United States for the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey Hazard Model: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 2154-2167, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160048.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2154","endPage":"2167","ipdsId":"IP-076405","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088686e4b0f497e78e24bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70177064,"text":"70177064 - 2016 - Recovery of sockeye salmon in the Elwha River, Washington, after dam removal: Dependence of smolt production on the resumption of anadromy by landlocked kokanee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T11:15:59","indexId":"70177064","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of sockeye salmon in the Elwha River, Washington, after dam removal: Dependence of smolt production on the resumption of anadromy by landlocked kokanee","docAbstract":"Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are adept at colonizing habitat that has been reopened to anadromous passage. Sockeye Salmon O. nerka are unique in that most populations require lakes to fulfill their life history. Thus, for Sockeye Salmon to colonize a system, projects like dam removals must provide access to lakes. However, if the lakes contain landlocked kokanee (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon), the recovery of Sockeye Salmon could be mediated by interactions between the two life history forms and the processes associated with the resumption of anadromy. Our objective was to evaluate the extent to which estimates of Sockeye Salmon smolt production and recovery are sensitive to the resumption of anadromy by kokanee after dam removal. We informed the analysis based on the abiotic and biotic features of Lake Sutherland, which was recently opened to passage after dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. We first developed maximum expectations for the smolt-producing capacity of Lake Sutherland by using two predictive models developed from Sockeye Salmon populations in Alaska and British Columbia: one model was based on the mean seasonal biomass of macrozooplankton, and the other was based on the euphotic zone volume of the lake. We then constructed a bioenergetics-based simulation model to evaluate how the capacity of Lake Sutherland to rear yearling smolts could change with varying degrees of anadromy among O. nerka fry. We demonstrated that (1) the smolt-producing capacity of a nursery lake for juvenile Sockeye Salmon changes in nonlinear ways with changes in smolt growth, mortality, and the extent to which kokanee resume anadromy after dam removal; (2) kokanee populations may be robust to changes in abundance after dam removal, particularly if lakes are located higher in the watershed on tributaries separate from where dams were removed; and (3) the productivity of newly establishing Sockeye Salmon can vary considerably depending on whether the population becomes rearing limited or is recruitment limited and depending on how adult escapement is managed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1223752","usgsCitation":"Hansen, A., Gardner, J.R., Beauchamp, D.A., Paradis, R., and Quinn, T.P., 2016, Recovery of sockeye salmon in the Elwha River, Washington, after dam removal: Dependence of smolt production on the resumption of anadromy by landlocked kokanee: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1303-1317, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223752.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1317","ipdsId":"IP-072935","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223752","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River, Lake Sutherland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.72493743896483,\n 48.07268823432358\n ],\n [\n -123.72493743896483,\n 48.08392779751268\n ],\n [\n -123.68605613708495,\n 48.08392779751268\n ],\n [\n -123.68605613708495,\n 48.07268823432358\n ],\n [\n -123.72493743896483,\n 48.07268823432358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088687e4b0f497e78e24c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Adam G.","contributorId":103947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Adam G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Jennifer R.","contributorId":175505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paradis, Rebecca","contributorId":145488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paradis","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":13135,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177069,"text":"70177069 - 2016 - Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T11:06:47","indexId":"70177069","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida?","docAbstract":"Distributional limits of many tropical species in Florida are ultimately determined by tolerance to low temperature. An unprecedented cold spell during 2–11 January 2010, in South Florida provided an opportunity to compare the responses of tropical American crocodiles with warm-temperate American alligators and to compare the responses of nonnative Burmese pythons with native warm-temperate snakes exposed to prolonged cold temperatures. After the January 2010 cold spell, a record number of American crocodiles (n = 151) and Burmese pythons (n = 36) were found dead. In contrast, no American alligators and no native snakes were found dead. American alligators and American crocodiles behaved differently during the cold spell. American alligators stopped basking and retreated to warmer water. American crocodiles apparently continued to bask during extreme cold temperatures resulting in lethal body temperatures. The mortality of Burmese pythons compared to the absence of mortality for native snakes suggests that the current population of Burmese pythons in the Everglades is less tolerant of cold temperatures than native snakes. Burmese pythons introduced from other parts of their native range may be more tolerant of cold temperatures. We documented the direct effects of cold temperatures on crocodiles and pythons; however, evidence of long-term effects of cold temperature on their populations within their established ranges remains lacking. Mortality of crocodiles and pythons outside of their current established range may be more important in setting distributional limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1439","usgsCitation":"Mazzotti, F., Cherkiss, M.S., Parry, M., Beauchamp, J., Rochford, M., Smith, B.J., Hart, K.M., and Brandt, L.A., 2016, Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida?: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 8, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1439.","productDescription":"e01439; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-066802","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088687e4b0f497e78e24bf","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1439","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1439","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Mazzotti Frank J., Cherkiss Michael S., Parry Mark, Beauchamp Jeff, Rochford Mike, Smith Brian, Hart Kristen, Brandt Laura A.","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parry, Mark","contributorId":175457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parry","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beauchamp, Jeff","contributorId":175458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rochford, Mike","contributorId":175459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rochford","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Brian J. 0000-0002-0531-0492 bjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"bjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":146646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70177063,"text":"70177063 - 2016 - Trophic feasibility of reintroducing anadromous salmonids in three reservoirs on the north fork Lewis River, Washington: Prey supply and consumption demand of resident fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T11:19:29","indexId":"70177063","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic feasibility of reintroducing anadromous salmonids in three reservoirs on the north fork Lewis River, Washington: Prey supply and consumption demand of resident fishes","docAbstract":"The reintroduction of anadromous salmonids in reservoirs is being proposed with increasing frequency, requiring baseline studies to evaluate feasibility and estimate the capacity of reservoir food webs to support reintroduced populations. Using three reservoirs on the north fork Lewis River as a case study, we demonstrate a method to determine juvenile salmonid smolt rearing capacities for lakes and reservoirs. To determine if the Lewis River reservoirs can support reintroduced populations of juvenile stream-type Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, we evaluated the monthly production of daphniaDaphnia spp. (the primary zooplankton consumed by resident salmonids in the system) and used bioenergetics to model the consumption demand of resident fishes in each reservoir. To estimate the surplus of Daphnia prey available for reintroduced salmonids, we assumed a maximum sustainable exploitation rate and accounted for the consumption demand of resident fishes. The number of smolts that could have been supported was estimated by dividing any surplus Daphnia production by the simulated consumption demand of an individual Chinook Salmon fry rearing in the reservoir to successful smolt size. In all three reservoirs, densities of Daphnia were highest in the epilimnion, but warm epilimnetic temperatures and the vertical distribution of planktivores suggested that access to abundant epilimnetic prey was limited. By comparing accessible prey supply and demand on a monthly basis, we were able to identify potential prey supply bottlenecks that could limit smolt production and growth. These results demonstrate that a bioenergetics approach can be a valuable method of examining constraints on lake and reservoir rearing capacity, such as thermal structure and temporal food supply. This method enables numerical estimation of rearing capacity, which is a useful metric for managers evaluating the feasibility of reintroducing Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in lentic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1219678","usgsCitation":"Sorel, M.H., Hansen, A., Connelly, K.A., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2016, Trophic feasibility of reintroducing anadromous salmonids in three reservoirs on the north fork Lewis River, Washington: Prey supply and consumption demand of resident fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1331-1347, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1219678.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1347","ipdsId":"IP-070088","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Trophic_Feasibility_of_Reintroducing_Anadromous_Salmonids_in_Three_Reservoirs_on_the_North_Fork_Lewis_River_Washington_Prey_Supply_and_Consumption_Demand_of_Resident_Fishes/4007424","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lewis River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.57377624511719,\n 45.94255573048781\n ],\n [\n -122.57377624511719,\n 46.08228057808761\n ],\n [\n -122.00454711914061,\n 46.08228057808761\n ],\n [\n -122.00454711914061,\n 45.94255573048781\n ],\n [\n -122.57377624511719,\n 45.94255573048781\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088687e4b0f497e78e24c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorel, Mark H.","contributorId":171739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Adam G.","contributorId":103947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Adam G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connelly, Kristin A.","contributorId":174523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connelly","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177880,"text":"70177880 - 2016 - Identification and classification of very low frequency waves on a coral reef flat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T13:24:49","indexId":"70177880","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-18T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification and classification of very low frequency waves on a coral reef flat","docAbstract":"Very low frequency (VLF, 0.001–0.005 Hz) waves are important drivers of flooding of low-lying coral reef-islands. In particular, VLF wave resonance is known to drive large wave runup and subsequent overwash. Using a 5 month data set of water levels and waves collected along a cross-reef transect on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the observed VLF motions were categorized into four different classes: (1) resonant, (2) (nonresonant) standing, (3) progressive-growing, and (4) progressive-dissipative waves. Each VLF class is set by the reef flat water depth and, in the case of resonance, the incident-band offshore wave period. Using an improved method to identify VLF wave resonance, we find that VLF wave resonance caused prolonged (∼0.5–6.0 h), large-amplitude water surface oscillations at the inner reef flat ranging in wave height from 0.14 to 0.83 m. It was induced by relatively long-period, grouped, incident-band waves, and occurred under both storm and nonstorm conditions. Moreover, observed resonant VLF waves had nonlinear, bore-like wave shapes, which likely have a larger impact on the shoreline than regular, sinusoidal waveforms. As an alternative technique to the commonly used Fast Fourier Transformation, we propose the Hilbert-Huang Transformation that is more computationally expensive but can capture the wave shape more accurately. This research demonstrates that understanding VLF waves on reef flats is important for evaluating coastal flooding hazards.
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