{"pageNumber":"1067","pageRowStart":"26650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":1001785,"text":"1001785 - 2004 - Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:44:21.3329","indexId":"1001785","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management","docAbstract":"<p><span>American agriculture has provided abundant high-energy foods for migratory and resident wildlife populations since the onset of modern wildlife management. Responding to anecdotal evidence that corn residues are declining in cropland, we remeasured waste corn postharvest in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska during 1997 and 1998 to compare with 1978. Post-harvest waste corn averaged 2.6% and 1.8% of yield in 1997 and 1998, respectively. After accounting for a 20% increase in yield, waste corn in 1997 and 1998 was reduced 24% and 47% from 1978. We also evaluated use of soybeans by spring-staging sandhill cranes (</span><i>Grus canadensis</i><span>) and waterfowl during spring 1998 and 1999. Despite being widely available in the CPRV, soybeans did not occur in esophageal contents of sandhill cranes (</span><i>n</i><span>=174), northern pintails (</span><i>Anas acuta, n</i><span>&nbsp;= 139), greater white-fronted geese (</span><i>Anser albifrons, n</i><span>&nbsp;= 198), or lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens, n</i><span>=208) collected with food in their esophagi. Lack of soybean consumption by cranes and waterfowl in Nebraska in early spring builds upon previously published findings, suggesting that soybeans are poorly suited for meeting nutrient needs of wildlife requiring a high-energy diet. Given evidence that high-energy food and numerous populations of seed-eating species found on farmland are declining, and the enormous potential risk to game and nongame wildlife populations if high-energy foods were to become scarce, a comprehensive research effort to study the problem appears warranted. Provisions under the Conservation Security subtitle of The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 offer a potential mechanism to encourage producers to manage cropland in ways that would replace part of the high-energy foods that have been lost to increasing efficiency of production agriculture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.10644531250001,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.12890625,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.17285156250001,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.17285156250001,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7998046875,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3173828125,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              42.84375132629021\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0185546875,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.10644531250001,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001069,"text":"1001069 - 2004 - Relationships between bald eagle productivity and dynamics of fish populations and fisheries in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1983-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:15:55.563719","indexId":"1001069","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between bald eagle productivity and dynamics of fish populations and fisheries in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1983-1999","docAbstract":"<p>Bald eagle (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) abundance declined in the 1950s and 1960s along the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, and were nearly absent along Wisconsin's Lake Superior shoreline. The population began to increase again between 1980 and 1983, and since then bald eagles nesting on islands along Wisconsin's Lake Superior shoreline (i.e., <i>Apostle Islands</i>) reproduced at a lower rate than have those nesting along the mainland shoreline of the lake and inland. Recent research indicated that bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals in the aquatic food chain no longer limits bald eagle reproduction there, and that productivity at island nests was lower than at mainland nests and inland nests as the result of low food availability. Management agencies have sought models that accurately predict productivity and explain ecological relationships, but no satisfactory models had previously been developed. Modeling was conducted here to determine which factors best explained productivity variability. The Ricker stock-recruitment model derived from only the bivariate breeding pair and productivity data explained only 1% of the variability in productivity data. The functional relationship that explained the greatest amount of productivity variation (83%) included the number of breeding pairs, burbot (<i>Lota lota</i>) biomass, longnose sucker (<i>Catostomus catostomus</i>) biomass, and commercial harvest of nontarget fishes. Model results were interpreted to mean that productivity was positively affected by populations of burbot and longnose sucker, which are important prey items, and by commercial fishermen feeding nontarget fish to bald eagles. Harvest of nontarget fishes by tribal fishermen and burbot and longnose sucker populations have not tended to change during the entire study period, although the burbot population has declined since 1991. Therefore, bald eagle productivity is not predicted to increase unless burbot, longnose sucker, or other preferred prey of bald eagles increases in the Apostle Islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70404-9","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M.H., Meyer, M., Van Stappen, J., and Fratt, T.W., 2004, Relationships between bald eagle productivity and dynamics of fish populations and fisheries in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1983-1999: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, p. 434-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70404-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.51611328125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.12060546875,\n              46.86019101567027\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9228515625,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63720703125,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32958984375,\n              46.51351558059737\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1318359375,\n              47.368594345213374\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              47.264320080254805\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25244140624999,\n              47.05515408550348\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63462e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":38943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Stappen, Julie","contributorId":38520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Stappen","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fratt, Thomas W.","contributorId":11177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fratt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002959,"text":"1002959 - 2004 - A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T12:41:57","indexId":"1002959","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","docAbstract":"Surveys collecting count data are the primary means by which abundance is indexed for birds. These counts are confounded, however, by nuisance effects including observer effects and spatial correlation between counts. Current methods poorly accommodate both observer and spatial effects because modeling these spatially autocorrelated counts within a hierarchical framework is not practical using standard statistical approaches. We propose a Bayesian approach to this problem and provide as an example of its implementation a spatial model of predicted abundance for the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in the Prairie-Hardwood Transition of the upper midwestern United States. We used an overdispersed Poisson regression with fixed and random effects, fitted by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We used 21 years of North American Breeding Bird Survey counts as the response in a loglinear function of explanatory variables describing habitat, spatial relatedness, year effects, and observer effects. The model included a conditional autoregressive term representing potential correlation between adjacent route counts. Categories of explanatory habitat variables in the model included land cover composition and configuration, climate, terrain heterogeneity, and human influence. The inherent hierarchy in the model was from counts occurring, in part, as a function of observers within survey routes within years. We found that the percentage of forested wetlands, an index of wetness potential, and an interaction between mean annual precipitation and deciduous forest patch size best described Cerulean Warbler abundance. Based on a map of relative abundance derived from the posterior parameter estimates, we estimated that only 15% of the species' population occurred on federal land, necessitating active engagement of public landowners and state agencies in the conservation of the breeding habitat for this species. Models of this type can be applied to any data in which the response is counts, such as animal counts, activity (e.g.,nest) counts, or species richness. The most noteworthy practical application of this spatial modeling approach is the ability to map relative species abundance. The functional relationships that we elucidated for the Cerulean Warbler provide a basis for the development of management programs and may serve to focus management and monitoring on areas and habitat variables important to Cerulean Warblers.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5247","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J., and Knutson, M.G., 2004, A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1766-1779, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5247.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1779","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015157,"text":"1015157 - 2004 - Modeling chinook salmon with SALMOD on the Sacramento River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:26:40","indexId":"1015157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1921,"text":"Hydroécologie Appliquée","onlineIssn":"1958-556X","printIssn":"1147-9213","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling chinook salmon with SALMOD on the Sacramento River, California","docAbstract":"<p>Four races of Pacific salmon crowd the Sacramento River below a large reservoir that prevents access to historical spawning grounds. Each race is keyed to spawn at specific times through the year. A salmon population model was used to estimate: (1) the effects that unique run timing, interacting with seasonal river flows and water temperatures, have on each race; and (2) which habitats appeared to be the most limiting for each race. The model appeared to perform well without substantive calibration. Late fall, winter, and spring run Chinook do not appear to have the same production potential as fall run Chinook even though fall run production is more variable than that for the other three races. Spring fish have the lowest production on average, and production appears to be declining through time, perhaps making that race harder to recover should the population become more depressed. Rearing habitat appears to be the factor most limiting production for all races, but water temperature is responsible for most year-to-year production variation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecosciences","doi":"10.1051/hydro:2004012","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 2004, Modeling chinook salmon with SALMOD on the Sacramento River, California: Hydroécologie Appliquée, v. 14, no. 1, p. 193-219, https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004012.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69993a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015209,"text":"1015209 - 2004 - Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:11:10","indexId":"1015209","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1921,"text":"Hydroécologie Appliquée","onlineIssn":"1958-556X","printIssn":"1147-9213","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Four observations from two case studies are presented: physical habitat analysis of the Virgin River in southwestern Utah and upper Animas Basin in southwestern Colorado. The Virgin River is usually considered a sand bed river. Cross-sectional measurements, made at three streamflows, show there was considerable change in the channel between the times of the three sets of measurements. First observation: it is important to keep the three sets of data as individual data sets. Second observation: the channel index is not fixed in a river with a moveable-bed and changes affect understanding of the aquatic system. The Animas River has a wide range of streamflows and high metals toxicity. Both winter and spring discharges may limit trout populations. Third observation: (from Animas River) habitat time series analysis should be done with a model that specifically links physical habitat relations and streamflows. Fourth observation: annual time series of habitat suitability considering metals toxicity can be generated. Considering the third and fourth observation together leads to the secondary observation that the hydraulic and stream flow conditions that favor one species may not be as good for the species favored by the water quality conditions. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecosciences","doi":"10.1051/hydro:2004005","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2004, Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis: Hydroécologie Appliquée, v. 14, no. 1, p. 69-91, https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015208,"text":"1015208 - 2004 - Estimating survival probabilities of unmarked dependent young when detection is imperfect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T19:46:50","indexId":"1015208","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival probabilities of unmarked dependent young when detection is imperfect","docAbstract":"<p>We present a capture–recapture modeling approach to the estimation of survival probability of dependent chicks when only the attending adult bird is marked. The model requires that the bird's nest is found prior to hatching and that the number of eggs that hatch are counted. Subsequent data are sightings of the marked adult and a count of chicks with the adult. The model allows for imperfect detection of chicks, but the number of chicks can never exceed the number of eggs in the nest (i.e., adults cannot adopt chicks). We use data from radio-tagged adult Mountain Plovers (<i>Charadrius montanus</i>) and their unmarked chicks as an example. We present the model in terms of precocial bird species, but the method extends to many other taxa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7583","usgsCitation":"Lukacs, P., Dreitz, V., Knopf, F., and Burnham, K., 2004, Estimating survival probabilities of unmarked dependent young when detection is imperfect: The Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 926-931, https://doi.org/10.1650/7583.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"931","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7583","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lukacs, P.M.","contributorId":84708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026707,"text":"70026707 - 2004 - Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026707","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates","docAbstract":"Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete \"rind\" of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 ??m thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., Circone, S., and Durham, W., 2004, Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 8-9, p. 1162-1175.","startPage":"1162","endPage":"1175","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8726e4b08c986b316338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016259,"text":"1016259 - 2004 - Cervid forage utilization in noncommercially thinned ponderosa pine forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T16:27:28.41246","indexId":"1016259","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cervid forage utilization in noncommercially thinned ponderosa pine forests","docAbstract":"<p><span>To evaluate effects of noncommercial thinning, utilization of forages consumed by elk (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cervus elaphus</span></i><span>&nbsp;L.), mule deer (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Odocoileus hemionus</span></i><span>&nbsp;Raf.), and white-tailed deer (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Odocoileus virginianus</span></i><span>&nbsp;Raf.) was measured in ponderosa pine (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pinus ponderosa</span></i><span>&nbsp;P. &amp; C. Lawson) stands in Custer State Park, S. D. Treatments consisted of unthinned (control; 22 to 32 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/ha basal area), moderately thinned (12 to 22 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/ha basal area), and heavily thinned (3 to 13 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/ha basal area) stands of ponderosa pine. During June, July, and August, 1991 and 1992, about 7,000 individual plants were marked along permanent transects and percent-weight-removed by grazing was ocularly estimated. Sample plots were established along transects and plants within plots were clipped to estimate standing biomass. Pellet groups were counted throughout the study area to determine summer habitat use of elk and deer. Diet composition was evaluated using microhistological analysis of fecal samples. Average percent-weight-removed from all marked plants and percent-plants-grazed were used to evaluate forage utilization. Standing biomass of graminoids, shrubs, and forbs increased (P &lt; 0.05) from unthinned to moderately and heavily thinned stands. Utilization of graminoids and shrubs averaged less than 1% when measured as percent-weight-removed and percent-plants-grazed and did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) across treatments. Forb use averaged less than 5% within sampling periods when measured as percent-weight-removed and percent-of-plants grazed and did not differ among treatments. Results of pellet group surveys indicated that cervids were primarily using meadow habitats. When averaged over the 2 years, forbs were the major forage class in deer diets, whereas graminoids were the major forage class in diets of elk.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0435:CFUINT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, M., Jenks, J., Deperno, C., Sowell, B., and Jenkins, K.J., 2004, Cervid forage utilization in noncommercially thinned ponderosa pine forests: Journal of Range Management, v. 57, no. 5, p. 435-441, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0435:CFUINT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643564","text":"External Repository"},{"id":134097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Custer State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.47747802734375,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.34014892578125,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.34014892578125,\n              43.76117633310127\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.47747802734375,\n              43.76117633310127\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.47747802734375,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6e3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, M.C.","contributorId":95442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deperno, C.S.","contributorId":97870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deperno","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sowell, B.F.","contributorId":66219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowell","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003738,"text":"1003738 - 2004 - A general model for the analysis of mark-resight, mark-recapture, and band-recovery data under tag loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T14:56:31.523828","indexId":"1003738","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A general model for the analysis of mark-resight, mark-recapture, and band-recovery data under tag loss","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of waterfowl demographic parameters often come from resighting studies where birds fit with individually identifiable neck collars are resighted at a distance. Concerns have been raised about the effects of collar loss on parameter estimates, and the reliability of extrapolating from collared individuals to the population. Models previously proposed to account for collar loss do not allow survival or harvest parameters to depend on neck collar presence or absence. Also, few models have incorporated recent advances in mark‐recapture theory that allow for multiple states or auxiliary encounters such as band recoveries. We propose a multistate model for tag loss in which the presence or absence of a collar is considered as a state variable. In this framework, demographic parameters are corrected for tag loss and questions related to collar effects on survival and recovery rates can be addressed. Encounters of individuals between closed sampling periods also can be incorporated in the analysis. We discuss data requirements for answering questions related to tag loss and sampling designs that lend themselves to this purpose. We illustrate the application of our model using a study of lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00245.x","usgsCitation":"Conn, P.B., Kendall, W.L., and Samuel, M.D., 2004, A general model for the analysis of mark-resight, mark-recapture, and band-recovery data under tag loss: Biometrics, v. 60, no. 4, p. 900-909, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00245.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"900","endPage":"909","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae72e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, Paul B.","contributorId":87440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":204844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000938,"text":"1000938 - 2004 - Trophic transfer efficiency of DDT to lake trout  (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:40:49","indexId":"1000938","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic transfer efficiency of DDT to lake trout  (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) from their prey","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of our study was to determine the efficiency with which lake trout retain DDT from their natural food. Our estimate of DDT assimilation efficiency would represent the most realistic estimate, to date, for use in risk assessment models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-004-0373-5","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., and O’Connor, D., 2004, Trophic transfer efficiency of DDT to lake trout  (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) from their prey: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1219-1225, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-004-0373-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6243f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, D.V.","contributorId":14336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003770,"text":"1003770 - 2004 - Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T18:55:51","indexId":"1003770","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a population model to understand the effects of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of the southern house mosquito,&nbsp;</span><i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;Say, along an elevational gradient in Hawaii. We use a novel approach to model the effects of temperature on population growth by dynamically incorporating developmental rate into the transition matrix, by using physiological ages of immatures instead of chronological age or stages. We also model the effects of rainfall on survival of immatures as the cumulative number of days below a certain rain threshold. Finally, we incorporate density dependence into the model as competition between immatures within breeding sites. Our model predicts the upper altitudinal distributions of&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;on the Big Island of Hawaii for self-sustaining mosquito and migrating summer sink populations at 1,475 and 1,715 m above sea level, respectively. Our model predicts that mosquitoes at lower elevations can grow under a broader range of rainfall parameters than middle and high elevation populations. Density dependence in conjunction with the seasonal forcing imposed by temperature and rain creates cycles in the dynamics of the population that peak in the summer and early fall. The model provides a reasonable fit to the available data on mosquito abundance for the east side of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The predictions of our model indicate the importance of abiotic conditions on mosquito dynamics and have important implications for the management of diseases transmitted by&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;in Hawaii and elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157","usgsCitation":"Ahumada, J.A., LaPointe, D., and Samuel, M.D., 2004, Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1157-1170, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1170","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.55679321289062,\n              20.128155311797183\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              20.117839630491634\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.64056396484375,\n              20.153941536577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65841674804688,\n              20.168122145270342\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.68862915039062,\n              20.179723502765153\n            ],\n            [\n              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         -154.962158203125,\n              19.35779359620928\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.87289428710938,\n              19.427743935948932\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.80560302734375,\n              19.49248592618279\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.80560302734375,\n              19.519669847423703\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.82070922851562,\n              19.53261296541841\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.88662719726562,\n              19.56108417332036\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.92645263671875,\n              19.589550355127216\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.94705200195312,\n              19.6037815593266\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.94430541992188,\n              19.623185718036478\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.96902465820312,\n              19.629653250428277\n            ],\n            [\n    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             -155.08163452148438,\n              19.841643559642943\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.08987426757812,\n              19.85843561200688\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1104736328125,\n              19.877808848505918\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13519287109375,\n              19.91267470522604\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.18325805664062,\n              19.947532877989353\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2093505859375,\n              19.968185942489765\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24642944335938,\n              19.997869983765433\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27252197265625,\n              20.014645445341365\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              20.030128899024707\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3741455078125,\n              20.059801254410598\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.43457031249997,\n              20.0933371611593\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.4949951171875,\n              20.111391984160917\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.55679321289062,\n              20.128155311797183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahumada, Jorge A.","contributorId":14788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahumada","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis dlapointe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"dlapointe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016569,"text":"1016569 - 2004 - Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:53:04","indexId":"1016569","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates","docAbstract":"Most forest growth models are not suitable for the highly fragmented, linear (or linearly shaped) forests in the Great Plains agroecosystems (e.g., windbreaks, riparian forest buffers) where such forests are a minor but ecologically important component of the land mosaics. This study used SEEDSCAPE, a recently modified gap model designed for cultivated land mosaics in the Great Plains, to simulate the effects of climate change on the dynamics of such linear forests. We simulated the dynamics of windbreaks with different initial planting species richness and widths (light changes as the selected resulting factor) using current climate data and nested regional circulation models (RegCMs). Results indicated that (1) it took 70-80 simulation years for the linear forests to reach a steady state under both normal (present-day) and warming climates; (2) warming climates would reduce total aboveground tree biomass and the spatial variation in biomass but increase dominance in the linear forests, especially in the upland forests; (3) linear forests with higher planting species richness and smaller width produced higher aboveground tree biomass per unit area; and (4) same species performed very differently with different climate scenarios, initial planting diversity, and forest widths. Although the model still needs further improvements (e.g., the effects of understory species should be included), the model can serve as a useful tool in modeling the succession of linear forests in human-dominated land mosaics under changing climates and may also have significant practical implications in other systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Brandle, J., Schoeneberger, M., and Buettner, D., 2004, Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 34, p. 2564-2572.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2564","endPage":"2572","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f30a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandle, J.R.","contributorId":40152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandle","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoeneberger, M.M.","contributorId":64593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoeneberger","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buettner, D.","contributorId":69922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buettner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015237,"text":"1015237 - 2004 - Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:02:41","indexId":"1015237","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimation of daily survival probabilities of nests is common in studies of avian populations. Since the introduction of </span><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0004-8038-121-1-134-Mayfield1','','','' ); return false;\">Mayfield's (1961, 1975)</a><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0004-8038-121-1-134-Mayfield2','','','' ); return false;\"></a><span> estimator, numerous models have been developed to relax Mayfield's assumptions and account for biologically important sources of variation. </span><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0004-8038-121-1-134-Stanley1','','','' ); return false;\">Stanley (2000)</a><span> presented a model for estimating stage-specific (e.g. incubation stage, nestling stage) daily survival probabilities of nests that conditions on “nest type” and requires that nests be aged when they are found. Because aging nests typically requires handling the eggs, there may be situations where nests can not or should not be aged and the </span><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0004-8038-121-1-134-Stanley1','','','' ); return false;\">Stanley (2000)</a><span> model will be inapplicable. Here, I present a model for estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities that conditions on nest stage for active nests, thereby obviating the need to age nests when they are found. Specifically, I derive the maximum likelihood function for the model, evaluate the model's performance using Monte Carlo simulations, and provide software for estimating parameters (along with an example). For sample sizes as low as 50 nests, bias was small and confidence interval coverage was close to the nominal rate, especially when a reduced-parameter model was used for estimation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0134:ESDSPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2004, Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown: The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 134-147, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0134:ESDSPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008513,"text":"1008513 - 2004 - The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T12:46:32","indexId":"1008513","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158 animals, excluding hylid treefrogs, killed in the same area where 2411 road kills were recorded in the 12 months prior to the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system. Within the survey area lying directly in Paynes Prairie basin, mortality was reduced 65% if hylid treefrogs are included, and 93.5% with hylid treefrogs excluded. Sixty-four percent of the wildlife kills observed along the barrier wall-culvert system occurred at a maintenance road access point and along 300 m of type-A fence bordering private property. The 24 h kill rate during the post-construction survey was 4.9 compared with 13.5 during the pre-construction survey. We counted 1891 dead vertebrates within the entire area surveyed, including the ecotone between the surrounding uplands and prairie basin which did not include the barrier wall and culverts. Approximately 73% of the nonhylid road kills occurred in the 400 m section of road beyond the extent of the barrier wall-culvert system. We detected 51 vertebrate species, including 9 fish, using the 8 culverts after the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system, compared with 28 vertebrate species in the 4 existing culverts prior to construction. Capture success in culverts increased 10-fold from the pre-construction survey to the post-construction survey. Barrier wall trespass was facilitated by overhanging vegetation, maintenance road access, and by the use of the type-A fence. Additional problems resulted from siltation, water holes, and human access. These problems could be corrected using design modifications and by routine, periodic maintenance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.011","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., Barichivich, W., and Smith, L.L., 2004, The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida: Biological Conservation, v. 118, p. 619-631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6675ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L. L.","contributorId":6791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026380,"text":"70026380 - 2004 - Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026380","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain","docAbstract":"Horizontal stacking plays a crucial role for modern seismic data processing, for it not only compresses random noise and multiple reflections, but also provides a foundational data for subsequent migration and inversion. However, a number of examples showed that random noise in adjacent traces exhibits correlation and coherence. The average stacking and weighted stacking based on the conventional correlative function all result in false events, which are caused by noise. Wavelet transform and high order statistics are very useful methods for modern signal processing. The multiresolution analysis in wavelet theory can decompose signal on difference scales, and high order correlative function can inhibit correlative noise, for which the conventional correlative function is of no use. Based on the theory of wavelet transform and high order statistics, high order correlative weighted stacking (HOCWS) technique is presented in this paper. Its essence is to stack common midpoint gathers after the normal moveout correction by weight that is calculated through high order correlative statistics in the wavelet domain. Synthetic examples demonstrate its advantages in improving the signal to noise (S/N) ration and compressing the correlative random noise.","largerWorkTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceDate":"6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004","conferenceLocation":"Wuhan","language":"English","isbn":"1880132974","usgsCitation":"Zhang, S., Xu, Y., and Xia, J., 2004, Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain, <i>in</i> Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004, Wuhan, 6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004, p. 161-165.","startPage":"161","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc52e4b0c8380cd4e217","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen C.Xia J.","contributorId":128353,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chen C.Xia J.","id":536599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, S.","contributorId":51064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001074,"text":"1001074 - 2004 - Biotic and abiotic factors related to lake herring recruitment in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1984-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T15:05:26","indexId":"1001074","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotic and abiotic factors related to lake herring recruitment in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1984-1998","docAbstract":"Lake Superior lake herring (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) recruitment to 13-14 months of age in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior varied by a factor of 5,233 during 1984-1998. Management agencies have sought models that accurately predict recruitment, but no satisfactory model had previously been developed. Lake herring recruitment was modeled to determine which factors most explained recruitment variability. The Ricker stock-recruitment model derived from only the paired stock and recruit data explained 35% of the variability in the recruitment data. The functional relationship that explained the greatest amount of recruitment variation (93%) included lake herring stock size, lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population size, slimy sculpin (<i>Cottus cognatus</i>) biomass, the interaction of mean daily wind speed in April (month of hatch) and lake herring stock size, and mean air temperature in April (when lake herring are 12-months old). Model results were interpreted to mean that lake herring recruitment was affected negatively by: slimy sculpin predation on lake herring ova; predation on age-0 lake herring by lake trout; and adult cannibalism on lake herring larvae, which was reduced by increased wind speed. April temperature was the variable that explained the least amount of variability in recruitment, but lake herring recruitment was positively affected by a warm April, which shortened winter and apparently reduced first-winter mortality. Stock size caused compensatory, density-dependent mortality on lake herring recruits. Management efforts appear best targeted at stock size protection, and empirical data implies that stock size in the Wisconsin waters of the lake should be maintained at 2.1-15.0 adults/ha in spring, bottom-trawl surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70403-7","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M.H., 2004, Biotic and abiotic factors related to lake herring recruitment in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1984-1998: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, p. 423-433, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70403-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"11","temporalStart":"1984-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267240,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70403-7"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a30e4b07f02db6166da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015238,"text":"1015238 - 2004 - When should Mayfield model data be discarded?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T09:51:54","indexId":"1015238","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When should Mayfield model data be discarded?","docAbstract":"<p>Much confusion exists over the proper way to handle nest-fate data collected after the fledge date when using the Mayfield method. I provide a simple numerical example showing how use of these data can bias estimates of daily survival probability, and present a likelihood function demonstrating that nest-fate data collected after the fledge date do not contribute any information for parameter estimation, except in a seldom-realized special case. Consequently, it is recommended that under the Mayfield model, nest-fate data collected after the fledge date be discarded.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-042","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2004, When should Mayfield model data be discarded?: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3, p. 267-269, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-042.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f065a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016262,"text":"1016262 - 2004 - Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) at two spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T16:34:08.417968","indexId":"1016262","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (<i>Lampetra tridentata</i>) at two spatial scales","title":"Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) at two spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p>1. Spatial patterns in channel morphology and substratum composition at small (1–10 metres) and large scales (1–10 kilometres) were analysed to determine the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution and abundance of larval lamprey.</p><p>2. We used a nested sampling design and multiple logistic regression to evaluate spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of larval Pacific lamprey,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lampetra tridentata</i>, and habitat in 30 sites (each composed of twelve 1-m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>quadrat samples) distributed throughout a 55-km section of the Middle Fork John Day River, OR, U.SA. Statistical models predicting the relative abundance of larvae both among sites (large scale) and among samples (small scale) were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the ‘best approximating’ models from a set of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;</span>candidate models determined from the literature on larval lamprey habitat associations.</p><p>3. Stream habitat variables predicted patterns in larval abundance but played different roles at different spatial scales. The abundance of larvae at large scales was positively associated with water depth and open riparian canopy, whereas patchiness in larval occurrence at small scales was associated with low water velocity, channel-unit morphology (pool habitats), and the availability of habitat suitable for burrowing.</p><p>4. Habitat variables explained variation in larval abundance at large and small scales, but locational factors, such as longitudinal position (river km) and sample location within the channel unit, explained additional variation in the logistic regression model. The results emphasise the need for spatially explicit analysis, both in examining fish habitat relationships and in developing conservation plans for declining fish populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01215.x","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, C., and Close, D.A., 2004, Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) at two spatial scales: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 614-630, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01215.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"630","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork John Day River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.48043823242189,\n              44.85294822403813\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15634155273438,\n              44.85294822403813\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15634155273438,\n              44.93855711632049\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.48043823242189,\n              44.93855711632049\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.48043823242189,\n              44.85294822403813\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Close, David A.","contributorId":54958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Close","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026452,"text":"70026452 - 2004 - Bog iron formation in the Nassawango Creek watershed, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026452","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bog iron formation in the Nassawango Creek watershed, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"The Nassawango bog ores in the modern environment for surficial geochemical processes were studied. The formation of Nassawango bog ores was suggested to be due to inorganic oxidation when groundwater rich in ferrous iron emerges into the oxic, surficial environment. It was suggested that the process, providing a phosphorus sink, may be an unrecognized benefit for mitigating nutrient loading from agricultural lands. It is found that without the effect of iron fixing bacteria, bog deposites could not form at significant rates.","largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Environment: Monitoring and Remedation of the Geological Environment","conferenceTitle":"First International Conference on Monitoring, Simulation and Remediation of the Ecological Environment, GEO-ENVIRONMENT 2004","conferenceDate":"5 July 2004 through 7 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Segovia","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bricker, O., Newell, W.L., and Simon, N., 2004, Bog iron formation in the Nassawango Creek watershed, Maryland, USA, <i>in</i> Geo-Environment: Monitoring and Remedation of the Geological Environment, Segovia, 5 July 2004 through 7 July 2004, p. 13-23.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f8e4b0c8380cd4af2a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Martin-Duque J.F.Brebbia C.A.Godfrey A.E.Diaz de Teran J.R.","contributorId":128310,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Martin-Duque J.F.Brebbia C.A.Godfrey A.E.Diaz de Teran J.R.","id":536605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186594,"text":"70186594 - 2004 - Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:03:34","indexId":"70186594","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>Since the advent of satellite passive microwave radiometry (1978), variations in sea ice extent and concentration have been carefully monitored from space. An estimated 7.4% decrease in sea ice extent has occurred in the last 25 yr (Johannessen et al. 2004), with recent record minima (e.g., Maslanik et al. 1999; Serreze et al. 2003) accounting for much of the decline. Comparisons between the time series of Arctic sea ice melt dynamics and snowmelt dates at the NOAA–CMDL Barrow Observatory (BRW) reveal intriguing correlations.</p><p>Melt-onset dates over sea ice (Drobot and Anderson 2001) were cross correlated with the melt-date time series from BRW, and a prominent region of high correlation between snowmelt onset over sea ice and the BRW record of melt dates was approximately aligned with the climatological center of the Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (BSA). The BSA induces anticyclonic ice motion in the region, effectively forcing the&nbsp;Beaufort gyre. A weak gyre caused by a breakdown of the BSA diminishes transport of multiyear ice into this region (Drobot and Maslanik 2003). Similarly, the annual snow cycle at BRW varies with the position and intensity of the BSA (Stone et al. 2002, their Fig. 6). Thus, variations in the BSA appear to have far-reaching effects on the annual accumulation and subsequent melt of snow over a large region of the western Arctic.</p><p>A dramatic increase in melt season duration (Belchansky et al. 2004) was also observed within the same region of high correlation between onset of melt over the ice pack and snowmelt at BRW (Fig. 5.7). By inference, this suggests linkages between factors that modulate the annual cycle of snow on land and processes that influence melting of snow and ice in the western Arctic Ocean.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-85-6-Levinson","usgsCitation":"Stone, R.S., Belchansky, G., Drobot, S., and Douglas, D., 2004, Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 85, no. 6 - Special Section, p. S32-S33, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-6-Levinson.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"S32","endPage":"S33","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6 - Special Section","publicComments":"This publication is a section of the Special Section (titled \"State of the Climate in 2003\") of volume 85, no.6 of this journal.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60274e4b09da6799ac695","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Levinson, D.H.","contributorId":190585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levinson","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waple, A.M.","contributorId":190586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waple","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, R. S.","contributorId":47021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drobot, Sheldon","contributorId":174038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobot","given":"Sheldon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70194933,"text":"70194933 - 2004 - Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:26:25","indexId":"70194933","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5612,"text":"Water Science and Application","printIssn":"1526-758X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"subseriesTitle":"9","title":"Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments","docAbstract":"<p>A unifying theory for the hydrology of desert vadose zones is particularly timely considering the rising population and water stresses in arid and semiarid regions. Conventional models cannot reconcile the apparent discrepancy between upward flow indicated by hydraulic gradient data and downward flow suggested by environmental tracer data in deep vadose zone profiles. A conceptual model described here explains both hydraulic and tracer data remarkably well by incorporating the hydrologic role of desert plants that encroached former juniper woodland 10 to 15 thousand years ago in the southwestern United States. Vapor transport also plays an important role in redistributing moisture through deep soils, particularly in coarse-grained sediments. Application of the conceptual model to several interdrainage arid settings reproduces measured matric potentials and chloride accumulation by simulating the transition from downward flow to upward flow just below the root zone initiated by climate and vegetation change. Model results indicate a slow hydraulic drying response in deep vadose zones that enables matric potential profiles to be used to distinguish whether precipitation episodically percolated below the root zone or was completely removed via evapotranspiration during the majority of the Holocene. Recharge declined dramatically during the Holocene in interdrainage basin floor settings of arid and semiarid basins. Current flux estimates across the water table in these environmental settings, are on the order of 0.01 to 0.1 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> and may be recharge (downward) or discharge (upward) depending on vadose zone characteristics, such as soil texture, geothermal gradient, and water table depth. In summary, diffuse recharge through the basin floor probably contributes only minimally to the total recharge in arid and semiarid basins.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/009WSA02","isbn":"9780875903583","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Scanlon, B., 2004, Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments, chap. <i>of</i> Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9): Water Science and Application, p. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/009WSA02.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA02/summary"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719273e4b0a9a2e9dbde40","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026302,"text":"70026302 - 2004 - Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:10:56","indexId":"70026302","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa","docAbstract":"<p>Species of the family of Salmonidae occur naturally in Northern Hemisphere waters that remain clear and cool to cold in summer. For purposes of reproduction, salmonids generally behaviorally respond to the currents of streams and lakes in recently glaciated areas. For feeding and maturation, many larger species migrate into existing systems of large lakes, seas, and oceans. The subfamilies include Salmoninae, Coregoninae, and Thymallinae. In many locales and regions of the hemisphere, numerous species of these subfamilies evolved and self-organized into species flocks or taxocenes of bewildering complexity. For example, any individual species may play different or unique ecological roles in different taxocenes. The northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean ecosystems, with their seas and tributaries, each contained a metacomplex of such taxocenes that, in their natural state some centuries ago, resembled each other but differed in many ways. Humans have valued all species of this family for subsistence, ceremonial, naturalist, gustatory, angling, and commercial reasons for centuries. Modern progressive humans (MPHs), whose industrial and commercial enterprises have gradually spread over this hemisphere in recent time, now affect aquatic ecosystems at all scales from local to global. These human effects mingle in complex ways that together induce uniquely natural salmonid taxocenes to disintegrate with the loss of species, including those groups least tolerant to human manipulations, but extending more recently to those taxa more adapted to anthropogenic change. As we leave the modern era, dominated by MPHs, will we find ways to live sustainably with salmonid taxocenes that still exhibit self-organizational integrity, or will only individual, isolated populations of salmonid species, derived from those most tolerant of MPHs, survive? To achieve future sustainability of salmonids, we suggest implementation of a search for intuitive knowledge based on faith in the wisdom of nature and a caring-sharing, behavioral structure based on \"survival of the wisest\" for both humans and salmonids.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Regier, H.A., 2004, Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa, <i>in</i> Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43, v. 43, p. 203-211.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba324e4b08c986b31fbbe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regier, Henry A.","contributorId":61124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regier","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197150,"text":"70197150 - 2004 - Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T12:58:45","indexId":"70197150","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Paleomagnetism and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","title":"Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Maps of virtual geomagnetic poles derived from international geomagnetic reference field models show large lobes with significant departures from the spin axis. These lobes persist in field models for the last few millenia. The anomalous lobes are associated with observation sites at extreme southerly latitudes. To determine whether these features persist for millions of years, paleomagnetic vector data from the continent of Antarctica are essential. We present here new paleomagnetic vector data and&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages from lava flows spanning the Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons from the vicinity of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were collected from 50 lava flows by E. Mankinen and A. Cox in the 1965–1966 austral summer season. Preliminary data based largely on the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directions were published by<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Mankinen and Cox</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>[1988]. We have performed detailed paleomagnetic investigations of 37 sites with multiple fully oriented core samples to investigate the reliability of results from this unique sample collection. Of these, only one site fails to meet our acceptance criteria for directional data. Seven sites are reversely magnetized. The mean normal and reverse directions are antipodal. The combined mean direction has<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1995564d-9819-41b0-8674-846c4d331088/ggge483-math-0001.gif\" alt=\"equation image\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1995564d-9819-41b0-8674-846c4d331088/ggge483-math-0001.gif\"><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 12,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5e67eeb4-2a74-431b-a925-daf29f48fde6/ggge483-math-0002.gif\" alt=\"equation image\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5e67eeb4-2a74-431b-a925-daf29f48fde6/ggge483-math-0002.gif\"><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= −86, α = 4, κ = 37 and is indistinguishable from that expected from a GAD field. We obtained reproducible absolute paleointensity estimates from 15 lava flows with a mean dipole moment of 49 ZAm</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and a standard deviation of 28 ZAm</span><sup>2</sup><span>.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age determinations were successfully carried out on samples from 18 of the flows. Our new isotopic ages and paleomagnetic polarities are consistent with the currently accepted geomagnetic reversal timescales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2003GC000656","usgsCitation":"Tauxe, L., Gans, P.B., and Mankinen, E.A., 2004, Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 6, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000656.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              161,\n              -79\n            ],\n            [\n              169.7,\n              -79\n            ],\n            [\n              169.7,\n              -77\n            ],\n            [\n              161,\n              -77\n            ],\n            [\n              161,\n              -79\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15811fe4b092d9651e208c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauxe, L.","contributorId":53522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tauxe","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gans, Philip B.","contributorId":66791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gans","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":30783,"text":"Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196856,"text":"70196856 - 2004 - Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T13:39:41","indexId":"70196856","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0010\">The Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation hosts the ore mined by the phosphate industry of southeast Idaho. It also hosts environmentally sensitive elements (ESE) such as Se, As, Hg, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cr. Primary chemistry, elemental distribution patterns, and mineralogy within the Meade Peak were modified by element migration and possibly the introduction of elements. Fluids moved within the Meade Peak throughout its history, although the passage of fluids was highly variable in space and time, resulting in small domains of different rock chemistry and different mineralogy. Timing of major events affecting the Meade Peak and mineral habit are used to differentiate among detrital, diagenetic, epigenetic, and supergene mineral assemblages. Cross-cutting relationships among minerals are too rare to provide much paragenetic infor- mation. Carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) occurs in several forms, but dominantly as pelloids, some of which may have formed in situ during diagenesis. The other volumetrically signifi- cant form of CFA is interstitial cement that formed during diagenesis. Beginning during diagenesis and continuing intermittently, multiple generations of carbonate (dolomite and calcite) formed overgrowths and texturally complex carbonate cements. Movement and precipitation of silica followed a similar pattern. The ammonium feldspar buddingtonite, which generally rims orthoclase, also formed during diagenesis. Bacteria apparently played a significant role during diagenesis as well as during supergene processes, resulting in extreme fractionation of S isotopes and the possible bacterially mediated formation of minerals such as glauconite and sphalerite.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0015\">Catagenesis, apparently culminating in oil generation, was the last significant diagenetic change. Thrusting accompanied by fluid (oil and brine) migration began during catagenesis in the Late Jurassic or Cretaceous and continued into the early Eocene.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0020\">Fluorite ± carbonate ± barite± bitumen veins formed as a result of brittle deformation and accompanying fluid movement. This fracturing event may have been associated with a period of extension and normal faulting (Neogene to Holocene). Passage of the Yellowstone hot spot to the north of the area during the Neogene is marked by silicic domes and basaltic flows. The enrichment of Hg in fracture coatings might be the result of deposition from warm fluids associated with the emplacement of the silicic domes or a generally elevated, regional thermal gradient associated with the volcanism.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0025\">Many of the fracture systems are still open and continue to provide fluid pathways that are the primary depositional sites for a wide variety of supergene minerals (such as Se, efflorescent salts) and element associations (such as Hg, Cd-S, Fe-Cr-O) in which many of the ESE are concentrated. Native Se is the most commonly identified host of Se in the studied samples. The largest concentration of Se occurs in open-fracture systems that cross-cut waste rock and ore units. The age(s) of native Se formation is not known; how- ever, the latest period of Se mobility is the present. Direct measurement of efflorescent “salts” forming on new mine faces indicate that several ESE, including both Se and Zn, are concentrated on the faces soon after they are exposed. Zinc is present as hydrous sulfates, but the residence of Se in these “salts” is unknown.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, Vol. 8","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80010-X","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., Desborough, G.A., Meeker, G.P., Foster, A., Tysdal, R.G., Herring, J.R., Lowers, H., Ball, B.A., Zielinski, R.A., and Johnson, E.A., 2004, Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho, chap. <i>of</i> Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, Vol. 8, v. 8, p. 189-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80010-X.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.5,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5,\n              42.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0689e4b0da30c1bfcdb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":117611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ball, B. A.","contributorId":204695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, E. A.","contributorId":87893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70194311,"text":"70194311 - 2004 - Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:23:25","indexId":"70194311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Northern spotted owls (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) are known to be associated with late-successional forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, but the effects of habitat on their demographic performance are relatively unknown. We developed statistical models relating owl survival and productivity to forest cover types within the Roseburg Study Area in the Oregon Coast Range of Oregon, USA. We further combined these demographic parameters using a Leslie-type matrix to obtain an estimate of habitat fitness potential for each owl territory (<i>n</i> = 94). We used mark–recapture methods to develop models for survival and linear mixed models for productivity. We measured forest composition and landscape patterns at 3 landscape scales centered on nest and activity sites within owl territories using an aerial photo-based map and a Geographic Information System (GIS). We also considered additional covariates such as age, sex, and presence of barred owls (<i>Strix varia</i>), and seasonal climate variables (temperature and precipitation) in our models. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to rank and compare models. Survival had a quadratic relationship with the amount of late- and mid-seral forests within 1,500 m of nesting centers. Survival also was influenced by the amount of precipitation during the nesting season. Only 16% of the variability in survival was accounted for by our best model, but 85% of this was due to the habitat variable. Reproductive rates fluctuated biennially and were positively related to the amount of edge between late- and mid-seral forests and other habitat classes. Reproductive rates also were influenced by parent age, amount of precipitation during nesting season, and presence of barred owls. Our best model accounted for 84% of the variability in productivity, but only 3% of that was due to the habitat variable. Estimates of habitat fitness potential (which may range from 0 to infinity) for the 94 territories ranged from 0.74 to 1.15 (<i>x̄</i> = 1.05, SE = 0.07). All but 1 territory had 95% confidence intervals overlapping 1.0, indicating a potentially stable population based on habitat pattern. Our results seem to indicate that while mid- and late-seral forests are important to owls, a mixture of these forest types with younger forest and nonforest may be best for owl survival and reproduction. Our results are consistent with those of researchers in northern California, USA, who used similar methods in their analyses. However, we believe that given the low variability in survival and productivity attributed to habitat, further study is needed to confirm our conclusions before they can be used to guide forest management actions for spotted owls.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1039:MDPONS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Olson, G.S., Glenn, E.M., Anthony, R., Forsman, E.D., Reid, J.A., Loschl, P.J., and Ripple, W.J., 2004, Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1039-1053, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1039:MDPONS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1053","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61194be4b06e28e9c2597f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":150580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, Janice A.","contributorId":98034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loschl, Peter J.","contributorId":7195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ripple, William J.","contributorId":24271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}