Because of the jaguar’s (Panthera onca) endangered status under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 throughout its range (from Arizona in the north to Argentina in the south), jaguar individuals and populations are monitored to varying degrees throughout their range. Knowledge gained from monitoring jaguars is helpful for wildlife managers who are responsible for conserving this species. The University of Arizona (UA) has conducted a multiyear surveying and monitoring effort for jaguars and ocelots in southern Arizona and New Mexico. The purpose of this work was to establish an effective surveying and monitoring system for jaguars along the United States-Mexico border. Surveying and monitoring in this study focused on the United States side of the border, but the methods could also be used in Mexico. The intent was to develop and implement a surveying and monitoring system that would provide the greatest probability of recording jaguar presence in, and passage through, the border area.
\nThis project established and implemented a noninvasive system for detecting and monitoring jaguars. The study area incorporates most of the mountainous areas north of the United States-Mexico international border and south of Interstate 10, from the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona to the Animas Mountains in New Mexico. We used two primary methods to detect exact jaguar locations: paired motion-sensor trail cameras, and genetic testing of large carnivore scat collected in the field. We emphasize that this project used entirely noninvasive methods and no jaguars were captured, radiocollared, baited, or harassed in any way. Scat sample collection occurred during the entire field part of the study, but was intensified with the use of a trained scat detection dog following the first jaguar photo detection event (photo detection event was October 2012, scat detection dog began working January 2013). We also collected weather, vegetation, and geographic information system (GIS) data to analyze in conjunction with photo and video data. The results of this study are intended to aid and inform future management and conservation practices for jaguars and ocelots in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Culver, Melanie, 2016, Jaguar surveying and monitoring in the United States (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1095, 228 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161095.","productDescription":"228 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075400","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1095/ofr20161095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1095"},{"id":323457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330879,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1095/versionHist.txt","size":"708 bytes","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1095 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"United States - Mexico Border","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.3779296875,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 27.644606381943326\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 24.806681353851964\n ],\n [\n -102.26074218749999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -117.3779296875,\n 33.50475906922606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Leader, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
U.S. Geological Survey
325 Biosciences East
Tucson, Arizona 85721
http://www.coopunits.org/Arizona/
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a bathymetric survey in Little Holland Tract, a flooded agricultural tract, in the northern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the “Delta”) during the summer of 2015. The new bathymetric data were combined with existing data to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) at 1-meter resolution. Little Holland Tract (LHT) was historically diked off for agricultural uses and has been tidally inundated since an accidental levee breach in 1983. Shallow tidal regions such as LHT have the potential to improve habitat quality in the Delta. The DEM of LHT was developed to support ongoing studies of habitat quality in the area and to provide a baseline for evaluating future geomorphic change. The new data comprise 138,407 linear meters of real-time-kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) elevation data, including both bathymetric data collected from personal watercraft and topographic elevations collected on foot at low tide. A benchmark (LHT15_b1) was established for geodetic control of the survey. Data quality was evaluated both by comparing results among surveying platforms, which showed systematic offsets of 1.6 centimeters (cm) or less, and by error propagation, which yielded a mean vertical uncertainty of 6.7 cm. Based on the DEM and time-series measurements of water depth, the mean tidal prism of LHT was determined to be 2,826,000 cubic meters. The bathymetric data and DEM are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7RX9954.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161093","usgsCitation":"Snyder, A.G., Lacy, J.R., Stevens, A.W., and Carlson, E.M., 2016, Bathymetric survey and digital elevation model of Little Holland Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016‒1093, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161093. ","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071752","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323417,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1093/ofr20161093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1093"},{"id":323416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1093/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.69349670410158,\n 38.27632714009116\n ],\n [\n -121.69349670410158,\n 38.34556060133404\n ],\n [\n -121.64148330688475,\n 38.34556060133404\n ],\n [\n -121.64148330688475,\n 38.27632714009116\n ],\n [\n -121.69349670410158,\n 38.27632714009116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The purpose of this project was to develop a technique to use environmental DNA (eDNA) to distinguish between redds made by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and redds made by Coho salmon (O. kisutch) and to distinguish utilized redds from test/abandoned redds or scours that have the appearance of redds. The project had two phases:
Phase 1. Develop, test, and optimize a molecular assay for detecting and identifying Coho salmon DNA and differentiating it from Chinook salmon DNA.
Phase 2. Demonstrate the efficacy of the technique.
The Sandy River is a large tributary of the Columbia River. The Sandy River meets the Columbia River approximately 23 km upstream of Portland, Oregon. The Sandy River Basin provides overlapping spawning habitat for both Chinook and Coho salmon.
Samples provided by Portland Water Bureau for analysis were collected from the Bull Run River, Sixes Creek, Still Creek, Arrah Wanna Side Channel, and Side Channel 18.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Portland Water Bureau","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D.S., and Laramie, M.B., 2016, Salmon redd identification using environmental DNA (eDNA): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1091, 25 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161091.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064586","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1091/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":323387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1091/ofr20161091.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sandy River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.28744506835938,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -122.28744506835938,\n 45.481317798141255\n ],\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 45.481317798141255\n ],\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -122.28744506835938,\n 45.298075138707965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov/
In the Tennessee River, USA, we examined lengthwise patterns in fish community structure and species richness within and among nine reservoirs organized in sequence and connected through navigational locks. Within reservoirs, the riverine, transition and lacustrine zones supported distinct, although overlapping, nearshore fish assemblages; differences were also reflected in measures of species richness. Spatial patterns were most apparent for rheophilic species, which increased in species richness and representation upstream within each reservoir and downstream across the chain of reservoirs. This pattern resembled a sawtooth wave, with the amplitude of the wave peaking in the riverine zone below each dam, and progressively higher wave amplitude developing downstream in the reservoir chain. The observed sawtooth pattern supports the serial discontinuity concept in that the continuity of the riverine fish community is interrupted by the lacustrine conditions created behind each dam. Upstream within each reservoir, and downstream in the chain of reservoirs, habitat characteristics become more riverine. To promote sustainability of rheophilic fishes and maintain biodiversity in impounded rivers, conservation plans could emphasize maintenance and preservation of riverine environments of the reservoir's upper reaches, while remaining cognizant of the broader basin trends that provide opportunities for a lengthwise array of conservation and management policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2936","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., and Dembkowski, D., 2016, Evidence for serial discontinuity in the fish community of a heavily impounded river: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1187-1195, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2936.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064835","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a8522e4b04f417c27108d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dembkowski, D.J.","contributorId":31995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173751,"text":"70173751 - 2016 - Retention of riveted aluminum leg bands by wild turkeys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:42:09","indexId":"70173751","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-09T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention of riveted aluminum leg bands by wild turkeys","docAbstract":"In order for mark–recapture models to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters, it is critical that uniquely identifying tags or marks are not lost. We double-banded male and female wild turkeys with aluminum rivet bands and estimated the probability that a bird would be recovered with both bands <1–225 wk since banding (mean = 51.2 wk, SD = 44.0). We found that 100% of females (n = 37) were recovered with both bands. For males, we recovered 6 of 188 turkeys missing a rivet band for a retention probability of 0.984 (95% CI = 0.96–0.99). If male turkeys are double-banded with rivet bands the probability of recovering a turkey without any marks is <0.001. We failed to detect a change in band retention over time or differences between adults and juveniles. Given the low cost and high retention rates of rivet aluminum bands, we believe they are an effective marking technique for wild turkeys and, for most studies, will minimize any concern about the assumption that marks are not lost.
","language":"English","publisher":"FWS Publications","doi":"10.3996/072015-JFWM-064","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D.R., Vreeland, W.C., Casalena, M.J., and Schiavone, M.V., 2016, Retention of riveted aluminum leg bands by wild turkeys: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 162-164, https://doi.org/10.3996/072015-JFWM-064.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066695","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/072015-jfwm-064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a8523e4b04f417c271091","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vreeland, Wendy C.","contributorId":171658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vreeland","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casalena, Mary Jo","contributorId":98965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casalena","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schiavone, Michael V.","contributorId":30064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiavone","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173747,"text":"70173747 - 2016 - A comparison of acoustic montoring methods for common anurans of the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T14:19:52","indexId":"70173747","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-09T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of acoustic montoring methods for common anurans of the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Many anuran monitoring programs now include autonomous recording units (ARUs). These devices collect audio data for extended periods of time with little maintenance and at sites where traditional call surveys might be difficult. Additionally, computer software programs have grown increasingly accurate at automatically identifying the calls of species. However, increased automation may cause increased error. We collected 435 min of audio data with 2 types of ARUs at 10 wetland sites in Vermont and New York, USA, from 1 May to 1 July 2010. For each minute, we determined presence or absence of 4 anuran species (Hyla versicolor, Pseudacris crucifer, Anaxyrus americanus, and Lithobates clamitans) using 1) traditional human identification versus 2) computer-mediated identification with software package, Song Scope® (Wildlife Acoustics, Concord, MA). Detections were compared with a data set consisting of verified calls in order to quantify false positive, false negative, true positive, and true negative rates. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed a strong (P < 0.001) 3-way interaction between the ARU recorder type, identification method, and focal species, as well as a trend in the main effect of rain (P = 0.059). Overall, human surveyors had the lowest total error rate (<2%) compared with 18–31% total errors with automated methods. Total error rates varied by species, ranging from 4% for A. americanus to 26% for L. clamitans. The presence of rain may reduce false negative rates. For survey minutes where anurans were known to be calling, the odds of a false negative were increased when fewer individuals of the same species were calling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.619","usgsCitation":"Brauer, C., Donovan, T., Mickey, R.M., Katz, J., and Mitchell, B.R., 2016, A comparison of acoustic montoring methods for common anurans of the northeastern United States: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 1, p. 140-149, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.619.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052906","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/00b50ba27b334e528321781e925d1f6d","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a8521e4b04f417c271089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brauer, Corinne","contributorId":66587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brauer","given":"Corinne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, Ruth M.","contributorId":171666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickey","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katz, Jonathan","contributorId":8370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, Brian R.","contributorId":14683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173808,"text":"70173808 - 2016 - Resisting resilience theory: a response to Connell, Sean D, and Ghedini, Giulia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-10T12:35:59","indexId":"70173808","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-09T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resisting resilience theory: a response to Connell, Sean D, and Ghedini, Giulia","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.014","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., Allen, C.R., and Gunderson, L., 2016, Resisting resilience theory: a response to Connell, Sean D, and Ghedini, Giulia: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 31, no. 6, p. 412-413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.014.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"413","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074769","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4ace4b04f417c27f53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161143,"text":"ofr20151192 - 2016 - User’s guide for the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T14:17:12","indexId":"ofr20151192","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-09T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1192","title":"User’s guide for the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET)","docAbstract":"The Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET) is a tool for the simulation of streamflow at a daily time step for an ungaged stream location in the Delaware River Basin. DRB-SET was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and funded through WaterSMART as part of the National Water Census, a USGS research program on national water availability and use that develops new water accounting tools and assesses water availability at the regional and national scales. DRB-SET relates probability exceedances at a gaged location to those at an ungaged stream location. Once the ungaged stream location has been identified by the user, an appropriate streamgage is automatically selected in DRB-SET using streamflow correlation (map correlation method). Alternately, the user can manually select a different streamgage or use the closest streamgage. A report file is generated documenting the reference streamgage and ungaged stream location information, basin characteristics, any warnings, baseline (minimally altered) and altered (affected by regulation, diversion, mining, or other anthropogenic activities) daily mean streamflow, and the mean and median streamflow. The estimated daily flows for the ungaged stream location can be easily exported as a text file that can be used as input into a statistical software package to determine additional streamflow statistics, such as flow duration exceedance or streamflow frequency statistics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151192","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., and Ulrich, J.E., 2016, User’s Guide for the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1192, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151192.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069187","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322015,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20155157","text":"Estimation of Daily Mean Streamflow for Ungaged Stream Locations in the Delaware River Basin, Water Years 1960–2010","description":"OFR 2015-1192"},{"id":322012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1192/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":322016,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/delaware-river-basin-streamflow-estimator-tool-drb-set","text":"Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1192"},{"id":322013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1192/ofr20151192.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1192"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
http://pa.water.usgs.gov/
The ability to characterize baseline streamflow conditions, compare them with current conditions, and assess effects of human activities on streamflow is fundamental to water-management programs addressing water allocation, human-health issues, recreation needs, and establishment of ecological flow criteria. The U.S. Geological Survey, through the National Water Census, has developed the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET) to estimate baseline (minimally altered) and altered (affected by regulation, diversion, mining, or other anthropogenic activities) and altered streamflow at a daily time step for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin for water years 1960–2010. Daily mean baseline streamflow is estimated by using the QPPQ method to equate streamflow expressed as a percentile from the flow-duration curve (FDC) for a particular day at an ungaged stream location with the percentile from a FDC for the same day at a hydrologically similar gaged location where streamflow is measured. Parameter-based regression equations were developed for 22 exceedance probabilities from the FDC for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin. Water use data from 2010 is used to adjust the baseline daily mean streamflow generated from the QPPQ method at ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin to reflect current, or altered, conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the overall QPPQ method contained within DRB-SET, a comparison of observed and estimated daily mean streamflows was performed for 109 reference streamgages in and near the Delaware River Basin. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values were computed as a measure of goodness of fit. The NSE values (using log10 streamflow values) ranged from 0.22 to 0.98 (median of 0.90) for 45 streamgages in the Upper Delaware River Basin and from -0.37 to 0.98 (median of 0.79) for 41 streamgages in the Lower Delaware River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155157","collaboration":"National Water Census","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., 2016, Estimation of daily mean streamflow for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin, water years 1960–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5157, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155157.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066276","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151192","text":"User’s Guide for the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET)","description":"SIR 2015-5157"},{"id":321421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321422,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5157/sir20155157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5157"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Coordinator—National Water Census
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive
Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Or visit the National Water Census Web site at:
http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus
Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenges to their conservation is incomplete. We review the state of knowledge on these important issues, focusing on Pacific trout in the genus Oncorhynchus. Although most research on salmonid fishes emphasizes Pacific salmon, we focus on Pacific trout because they share a common evolutionary history, and many taxa in western North America have not been formally described, particularly in the southern extent of their ranges. Research in recent decades has led to the revision of many hypotheses concerning the origin and diversification of Pacific trout throughout their range. Although there has been significant success at addressing past threats to Pacific trout, contemporary and future threats represented by nonnative species, land and water use activities, and climate change pose challenges and uncertainties. Ultimately, conservation of Pacific trout depends on how well these issues are understood and addressed, and on solutions that allow these species to coexist with a growing scope of human influences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888","usgsCitation":"Penaluna, B.E., Abadia-Cardoso, A., Dunham, J.B., Garcia de Leon, F.J., Gresswell, R.E., Luna, A.R., Taylor, E.B., Shepard, B.B., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Muhlfeld, C.C., Bestgen, K.R., Rogers, K.H., Escalante, M.A., Keeley, E.R., Temple, G., Williams, J.E., Matthews, K., Pierce, R., Mayden, R.L., Kovach, R., Garza, J.C., and Fausch, K., 2016, Conservation of native Pacific trout diversity in western North America: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 6, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070620","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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L.","contributorId":12746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayden","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Garza, John Carlos","contributorId":171579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garza","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[{"id":26922,"text":"NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science 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Using 20 years of water quality, weather, and oyster growth and mortality data from Breton Sound Estuary (BSE), Louisiana, we examined the relationship of riverine, weather, and tidal influence on estuarine salinity, and the relationship of salinity to oyster growth and mortality. Mississippi River discharge was found to be the most important factor determining salinity patterns over oyster grounds within lower portions of BSE, with increased river flow associated with lowered salinities, while easterly winds associated with increased salinity were less influential. These patterns were consistent throughout the year. Salinity and temperature (season) were found to critically control oyster growth and mortality, suggesting that seasonal changes to river discharge affecting water quality over the oyster grounds have profound impacts on oyster populations. The management of oyster reefs in estuaries (such as BSE) requires an understanding of how estuarine hydrodynamics and salinity are influenced by forcing factors such as winds, river flow, and by the volume, timing, and location of controlled releases of riverine water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00146.1","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Geaghan, J., Decossas, G.A., and La Peyre, J.F., 2016, Analysis of environmental factors influencing salinity patterns, oyster growth, and mortality in lower Breton Sound Estuary, Louisiana using 20 years of data: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 519-530, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00146.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"530","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061906","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lower Breton Sound Estuary","volume":"32","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933aee4b04f417c253d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geaghan, James","contributorId":171569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geaghan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decossas, Gary A.","contributorId":21472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decossas","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173764,"text":"70173764 - 2016 - A management-oriented framework for selecting metrics used to assess habitat- and path-specific quality in spatially structured populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T11:15:02","indexId":"70173764","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A management-oriented framework for selecting metrics used to assess habitat- and path-specific quality in spatially structured populations","docAbstract":"Mobile species with complex spatial dynamics can be difficult to manage because their population distributions vary across space and time, and because the consequences of managing particular habitats are uncertain when evaluated at the level of the entire population. Metrics to assess the importance of habitats and pathways connecting habitats in a network are necessary to guide a variety of management decisions. Given the many metrics developed for spatially structured models, it can be challenging to select the most appropriate one for a particular decision. To guide the management of spatially structured populations, we define three classes of metrics describing habitat and pathway quality based on their data requirements (graph-based, occupancy-based, and demographic-based metrics) and synopsize the ecological literature relating to these classes. Applying the first steps of a formal decision-making approach (problem framing, objectives, and management actions), we assess the utility of metrics for particular types of management decisions. Our framework can help managers with problem framing, choosing metrics of habitat and pathway quality, and to elucidate the data needs for a particular metric. Our goal is to help managers to narrow the range of suitable metrics for a management project, and aid in decision-making to make the best use of limited resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Nicol, S., Wiederholt, R., Diffendorfer, J., Mattsson, B., Thogmartin, W.E., Semmens, D.J., Laura Lopez-Hoffman, and Norris, R., 2016, A management-oriented framework for selecting metrics used to assess habitat- and path-specific quality in spatially structured populations: Ecological Indicators, v. 69, p. 792-802.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"802","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071948","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":323299,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X1630262X"}],"volume":"69","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a932ee4b04f417c275118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicol, Sam","contributorId":171610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicol","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26927,"text":"CSIRO, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":171611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12738,"text":"U of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":171612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[{"id":26928,"text":"Univ. of Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Laura Lopez-Hoffman","contributorId":171613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laura Lopez-Hoffman","affiliations":[{"id":12738,"text":"U of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norris, Ryan","contributorId":171614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173646,"text":"70173646 - 2016 - Native prey distribution and migration mediates wolf (Canis lupus) predation on domestic livestock in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T11:51:19","indexId":"70173646","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native prey distribution and migration mediates wolf (Canis lupus) predation on domestic livestock in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Little research has evaluated how the migration and distribution of native prey influence patterns of livestock depredation by large carnivores. Previous research suggests that the presence of native prey can increase depredation rates by attracting predators (prey tracking hypothesis). Alternatively, the absence of native prey may facilitate predation on livestock (prey scarcity hypothesis). In this study, we evaluated support for these competing hypotheses through analysis of 4 years of cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758) depredation data (n = 39 kills), 2 years of summer and fall wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) predation and tracking data (n = 4 wolves), and 3 years of elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) movement data (n = 70 elk). We used logistic regression to compare the relative influence of landscape features and elk distribution on the risk of livestock depredation in areas with migratory and resident elk. Cattle depredations occurred in habitats with increased encounter rates between wolves and livestock. In resident elk areas, depredation sites were associated with elk distribution and open roads. In migratory elk areas, depredation sites were associated with wolf dens, streams, and open habitat. Patterns of carnivore–livestock conflicts are complex, and using ungulate distribution data can predict and minimize such instances.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2015-0094","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.A., Kauffman, M., Middleton, A., Jimenez, M., McWhirter, D.E., and Gerow, K., 2016, Native prey distribution and migration mediates wolf (Canis lupus) predation on domestic livestock in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 94, no. 4, p. 291-299, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0094.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"299","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058337","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjz-2015-0094","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933b1e4b04f417c253d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Abigail A.","contributorId":69042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew mkauffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":171443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, A.D.","contributorId":93730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jimenez, M.D.","contributorId":10242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimenez","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McWhirter, D. E.","contributorId":171549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWhirter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerow, K.","contributorId":171550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerow","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170905,"text":"fs20163030 - 2016 - Assessment of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale of the Piceance Basin, Uinta-Piceance Province, Colorado and Utah, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T14:58:01","indexId":"fs20163030","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3030","title":"Assessment of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale of the Piceance Basin, Uinta-Piceance Province, Colorado and Utah, 2016","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a geology-based assessment of the continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale within the Piceance Basin of the Uinta-Piceance Province (fig. 1). The previous USGS assessment of the Mancos Shale in the Piceance Basin was completed in 2003 as part of a comprehensive assessment of the greater UintaPiceance Province (U.S. Geological Survey Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team, 2003). Since the last assessment, more than 2,000 wells have been drilled and completed in one or more intervals within the Mancos Shale of the Piceance Basin (IHS Energy Group, 2015). In addition, the USGS Energy Resources Program drilled a research core in the southern Piceance Basin that provided significant new geologic and geochemical data that were used to refine the 2003 assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas in the Mancos Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163030","usgsCitation":"Hawkins, S.J., Charpentier, R.R., Schenk, C.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Klett, T.R., Brownfield, M.E., Finn, T.M., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Le, P.A., Mercier, T.J., Pitman, J.K., and Tennyson, M.E., 2016, Assessment of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale of the Piceance Basin, Uinta-Piceance Province, Colorado and Utah, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016-3030, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163030.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073153","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323942,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3030/fs20163030_version_history.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2016-3030 Version History"},{"id":321469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3030/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3030/fs20163030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov
While multi-species occupancy models (MSOMs) are emerging as a popular method for analyzing biodiversity data, formal checking and validation approaches for this class of models have lagged behind. Concurrent with the rise in application of MSOMs among ecologists, a quiet regime shift is occurring in Bayesian statistics where predictive model comparison approaches are experiencing a resurgence. Unlike single-species occupancy models that use integrated likelihoods, MSOMs are usually couched in a Bayesian framework and contain multiple levels. Standard model checking and selection methods are often unreliable in this setting and there is only limited guidance in the ecological literature for this class of models. We examined several different contemporary Bayesian hierarchical approaches for checking and validating MSOMs and applied these methods to a freshwater aquatic study system in Colorado, USA, to better understand the diversity and distributions of plains fishes. Our findings indicated distinct differences among model selection approaches, with cross-validation techniques performing the best in terms of prediction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-1471.1","usgsCitation":"Broms, K.M., Hooten, M., and Fitzpatrick, R.M., 2016, Model selection and assessment for multi-species occupancy models: Ecology, v. 97, no. 7, p. 1759-1770, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1471.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1759","endPage":"1770","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068638","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933b1e4b04f417c253d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broms, Kristin M.","contributorId":171524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broms","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":637464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Ryan M.","contributorId":55746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173660,"text":"70173660 - 2016 - Combining statistical inference and decisions in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:01:45","indexId":"70173660","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining statistical inference and decisions in ecology","docAbstract":"Statistical decision theory (SDT) is a sub-field of decision theory that formally incorporates statistical investigation into a decision-theoretic framework to account for uncertainties in a decision problem. SDT provides a unifying analysis of three types of information: statistical results from a data set, knowledge of the consequences of potential choices (i.e., loss), and prior beliefs about a system. SDT links the theoretical development of a large body of statistical methods including point estimation, hypothesis testing, and confidence interval estimation. The theory and application of SDT have mainly been developed and published in the fields of mathematics, statistics, operations research, and other decision sciences, but have had limited exposure in ecology. Thus, we provide an introduction to SDT for ecologists and describe its utility for linking the conventionally separate tasks of statistical investigation and decision making in a single framework. We describe the basic framework of both Bayesian and frequentist SDT, its traditional use in statistics, and discuss its application to decision problems that occur in ecology. We demonstrate SDT with two types of decisions: Bayesian point estimation, and an applied management problem of selecting a prescribed fire rotation for managing a grassland bird species. Central to SDT, and decision theory in general, are loss functions. Thus, we also provide basic guidance and references for constructing loss functions for an SDT problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-1593.1","usgsCitation":"Williams, P.J., and Hooten, M., 2016, Combining statistical inference and decisions in ecology: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1930-1942, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1593.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1930","endPage":"1942","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066134","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933b0e4b04f417c253d0e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1890/15-1593.1","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-1593.1","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Williams Perry J., Hooten Mevin B.","journalName":"Ecological Applications","publicationDate":"9/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Perry J.","contributorId":169058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25400,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173653,"text":"70173653 - 2016 - Evaluation of reproductive status in Atlantic Tripletail by traditional and nonlethal approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T09:51:02","indexId":"70173653","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of reproductive status in Atlantic Tripletail by traditional and nonlethal approaches","docAbstract":"Reproductive biology information is an important tool for fishery management actions such as the identification of spawning areas and the development of protective size limits, bag limits, and seasons. Such information for the management of Atlantic TripletailLobotes surinamensis is currently limited, particularly in the western Atlantic Ocean, as information regarding the reproductive biology of this species is sparse in the published literature. To this end, we determined the reproductive status of tripletail and compared the results of a nonlethal sampling method, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) analysis, with those of two traditional (lethal) methods, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonad histology. A total of 223 (122 male and 101 female) tripletail were sampled over 2 years near Jekyll Island, Georgia. Gonad histology indicated that 107 (94%) of the male tripletail were in the spawning-capable reproductive phase. Female tripletail were found in all reproductive phases, but only nine (8.9%) were in the spawning-capable phase. Plasma VTG was strongly related to GSI in females (R2 = 0.832, n = 77), and female GSI differed significantly among reproductive phases (p < 0.0001). The estimated length at which 50% (L50) of female tripletail reached maturity was 463 mm; however, the L50 for male tripletail could not be determined because of the lack of immature fish within the study sample. Our study provides valuable information for the management of tripletail and indicates that a nonlethal approach (plasma VTG) may be useful for differentiating developing and spawning-capable females from males and from females in other reproductive phases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2015.1135220","usgsCitation":"Parr, R.T., Jennings, C.A., Denslow, N., Kroll, K., and Bringolf, R., 2016, Evaluation of reproductive status in Atlantic Tripletail by traditional and nonlethal approaches: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 8, no. 1, p. 16-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2015.1135220.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055604","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2015.1135220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Jekyll Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.46705627441406,\n 31.002920189781484\n ],\n [\n -81.46705627441406,\n 31.134076890184236\n ],\n [\n -81.33659362792969,\n 31.134076890184236\n ],\n [\n -81.33659362792969,\n 31.002920189781484\n ],\n [\n -81.46705627441406,\n 31.002920189781484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933b0e4b04f417c253d12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parr, R. T.","contributorId":171520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":120860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroll, K.J.","contributorId":37921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroll","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bringolf, R.B.","contributorId":33826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170922,"text":"ds999 - 2016 - Sedimentologic characteristics of recent washover deposits from Assateague Island, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:49:55.913774","indexId":"ds999","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"999","title":"Sedimentologic characteristics of recent washover deposits from Assateague Island, Maryland","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has a long history of responding to and documenting the impacts of storms along the Nation’s coasts and incorporating these data into storm impact and coastal change vulnerability assessments. Although physical changes caused by tropical and extratropical storms to the sandy beaches and dunes fronting barrier islands are generally well documented, the interaction between sandy shoreline erosion and overwash with the back-barrier wetland and estuarine environments is poorly constrained. The goal of the Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Physical Change Assessment project is to integrate a wetland-change assessment with existing coastal-change assessments for the adjacent sandy dunes and beaches, initially focusing on Assateague Island along the Maryland and Virginia coastline. Assateague Island was impacted by waves and storm surge associated with the passage of Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, causing erosion and overwash along the ocean-facing sandy shoreline as well as erosion and overwash deposition in the back-barrier and estuarine bay environments.
\nThis report describes sediment data collected using sand augers in active overwash zones on Assateague Island in Maryland. Samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during two surveys in March/April and October 2014 (USGS Field Activity Numbers [FAN] 2014-301-FA and 2014-322-FA, respectively). The physical characteristics (for example, sediment texture or bedding structure) of and spatial differences among these deposits will provide information about overwash processes and sediment transport from the sandy barrier-island reaches to the back-barrier environments. Metrics derived from these data, such as mean grain size or deposit thicknesses, can be used to ground-truth remote sensing and geophysical data and can also be incorporated into sediment transport models. Data products, including sample location tables, descriptive core logs, core photographs and x-radiographs, the results of sediment grain-size analyses, and Geographic Information System (GIS) data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata can be downloaded from the Data Downloads page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds999","usgsCitation":"Bernier, J.C., Zaremba, N.J., Wheaton, C.J., Ellis, A.M., Marot, M.E., and Smith, C.G., 2016, Sedimentologic characteristics of recent washover deposits from Assateague Island, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 999, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds999.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070719","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321606,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0999"},{"id":323239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399133,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104286.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.09841918945311,\n 38.32765244536364\n ],\n [\n -75.08880615234375,\n 38.32388174326885\n ],\n [\n -75.09361267089844,\n 38.313645991657935\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 38.16749461578964\n ],\n [\n -75.21377563476562,\n 38.05295746694274\n ],\n [\n -75.28999328613281,\n 37.947446401992934\n ],\n [\n -75.32981872558594,\n 37.88081521949766\n ],\n [\n -75.34629821777344,\n 37.86292829402713\n ],\n [\n -75.36552429199219,\n 37.849916893514944\n ],\n [\n -75.39779663085938,\n 37.84612146910074\n ],\n [\n -75.40054321289062,\n 37.85804928797244\n ],\n [\n -75.4046630859375,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -75.39299011230469,\n 37.88623464254098\n ],\n [\n -75.37994384765625,\n 37.90032327590217\n ],\n [\n -75.38063049316406,\n 37.91278405007035\n ],\n [\n -75.36346435546874,\n 37.917117737741826\n ],\n [\n -75.35041809082031,\n 37.92090950501414\n ],\n [\n -75.33531188964844,\n 37.929575667562325\n ],\n [\n -75.3277587890625,\n 37.93986540897977\n ],\n [\n -75.32295227050781,\n 37.94690492842903\n ],\n [\n -75.32295227050781,\n 37.962064679782394\n ],\n [\n -75.31539916992188,\n 37.977762552327654\n ],\n [\n -75.30715942382812,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -75.29205322265625,\n 38.01455819225335\n ],\n [\n -75.27626037597656,\n 38.034030762875844\n ],\n [\n -75.27008056640625,\n 38.059986139487975\n ],\n [\n -75.25016784667969,\n 38.08052761936274\n ],\n [\n -75.24055480957031,\n 38.10322464859825\n ],\n [\n -75.23368835449219,\n 38.11349003681576\n ],\n [\n -75.2178955078125,\n 38.14103736644331\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 38.17559185481662\n ],\n [\n -75.18150329589844,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -75.17189025878906,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -75.15678405761719,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -75.14442443847656,\n 38.250583468289555\n ],\n [\n -75.13687133789061,\n 38.26891497618184\n ],\n [\n -75.12931823730467,\n 38.28346905497185\n ],\n [\n -75.12176513671874,\n 38.29586467286608\n ],\n [\n -75.11283874511719,\n 38.31041334882078\n ],\n [\n -75.09841918945311,\n 38.32765244536364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center acquired sediment cores, sediment surface grab samples, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) data from Assateague Island, Maryland, in October 2014. The objectives were to identify washover deposits in the stratigraphic record to aid in understanding barrier island evolution.
\nThis report serves as an archive of GPR and DGPS data collected from Assateague Island in October 2014. Data products, including raw GPR and processed DGPS data, elevation corrected GPR profiles, and accompanying Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata can be downloaded from the Data Downloads page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds989","usgsCitation":"Zaremba, N.J., Bernier, J.C., Forde, A.S., and Smith, C.G., 2016, Raw and processed ground-penetrating radar and postprocessed Differential Global Positioning System data collected from Assateague Island, Maryland, October 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 989, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds989.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071102","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0989"},{"id":323238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.09841918945311,\n 38.32765244536364\n ],\n [\n -75.08880615234375,\n 38.32388174326885\n ],\n [\n -75.09361267089844,\n 38.313645991657935\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 38.16749461578964\n ],\n [\n -75.21377563476562,\n 38.05295746694274\n ],\n [\n -75.28999328613281,\n 37.947446401992934\n ],\n [\n -75.32981872558594,\n 37.88081521949766\n ],\n [\n -75.34629821777344,\n 37.86292829402713\n ],\n [\n -75.36552429199219,\n 37.849916893514944\n ],\n [\n -75.39779663085938,\n 37.84612146910074\n ],\n [\n -75.40054321289062,\n 37.85804928797244\n ],\n [\n -75.4046630859375,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -75.39299011230469,\n 37.88623464254098\n ],\n [\n -75.37994384765625,\n 37.90032327590217\n ],\n [\n -75.38063049316406,\n 37.91278405007035\n ],\n [\n -75.36346435546874,\n 37.917117737741826\n ],\n [\n -75.35041809082031,\n 37.92090950501414\n ],\n [\n -75.33531188964844,\n 37.929575667562325\n ],\n [\n -75.3277587890625,\n 37.93986540897977\n ],\n [\n -75.32295227050781,\n 37.94690492842903\n ],\n [\n -75.32295227050781,\n 37.962064679782394\n ],\n [\n -75.31539916992188,\n 37.977762552327654\n ],\n [\n -75.30715942382812,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -75.29205322265625,\n 38.01455819225335\n ],\n [\n -75.27626037597656,\n 38.034030762875844\n ],\n [\n -75.27008056640625,\n 38.059986139487975\n ],\n [\n -75.25016784667969,\n 38.08052761936274\n ],\n [\n -75.24055480957031,\n 38.10322464859825\n ],\n [\n -75.23368835449219,\n 38.11349003681576\n ],\n [\n -75.2178955078125,\n 38.14103736644331\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 38.17559185481662\n ],\n [\n -75.18150329589844,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -75.17189025878906,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -75.15678405761719,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -75.14442443847656,\n 38.250583468289555\n ],\n [\n -75.13687133789061,\n 38.26891497618184\n ],\n [\n -75.12931823730467,\n 38.28346905497185\n ],\n [\n -75.12176513671874,\n 38.29586467286608\n ],\n [\n -75.11283874511719,\n 38.31041334882078\n ],\n [\n -75.09841918945311,\n 38.32765244536364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
The main goal of this study was to gain knowledge on post-release survival and movement of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) using a modified technique for implanting satellite transmitters. This technique had improved post-surgical survival in an earlier study. Nine Western Grebes, implanted with intracoelomic (within the body cavity) satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae, were released close to their capture site in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Eight survived at least 25 days (average number of transmittal days was 140.8), while two had transmitters that provided data for greater than 1 year (436 and 454 days). The average cumulative distance recorded for all Western Grebes (n = 9) was 829 km with two round-trip movements documented. One individual Western Grebe traveled a cumulative round-trip distance of 2,144 km in July and November 2011, while another individual traveled a round-trip distance of 1,514 km between 8 and 14 December 2011. This study provides a step forward in testing implantable satellite transmitters in Western Grebes and highlights the need to further improve tracking methods, potentially improving our understanding of their population threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0208","usgsCitation":"Mills, K.L., Gaydos, J.K., Fiorello, C.V., Whitmer, E., De La Cruz, S., Mulcahy, D.M., Vilchis, L.I., and Ziccardi, M.H., 2016, Post-release survival and movement of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) implanted with intracoelomic satellite transmitters: Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 2, p. 175-186, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0208.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"186","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051534","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake, Drews Reservoir, San Francisco Bay, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 43.24520272203359\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 43.24520272203359\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 32.602361666817515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577e2bb1e4b0ef4d2f445a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Kyra L.","contributorId":172677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Kyra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27076,"text":"Oiled Wildlife Care Network, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydos, Joseph K.","contributorId":28456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiorello, Christine V.","contributorId":172678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiorello","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":27076,"text":"Oiled Wildlife Care Network, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitmer, Emily","contributorId":172679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitmer","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27076,"text":"Oiled Wildlife Care Network, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan sdelacruz@usgs.gov","contributorId":131159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vilchis, L. Ignacio","contributorId":172680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilchis","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ignacio","affiliations":[{"id":24831,"text":"San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael H.","contributorId":16677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70174899,"text":"ds1011 - 2016 - Total Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin—Petroleum geology and geochemistry and assessment of undiscovered resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T11:16:59","indexId":"ds1011","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T02:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1011","title":"Total Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin—Petroleum geology and geochemistry and assessment of undiscovered resources","docAbstract":"[None available]
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1011","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., 2016, Total Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin—Petroleum geology and geochemistry and assessment of undiscovered resources: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1011, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1011.","numberOfPages":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077857","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325562,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds69T"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889cce4b0589fa1c6bbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":173033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176549,"text":"70176549 - 2016 - Landscapes of West Africa: A window on a changing world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:39:56.689444","indexId":"70176549","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Landscapes of West Africa: A window on a changing world","docAbstract":"Our global ecosystem is and has always been complex, dynamic, and in constant flux. Science tells us how natural forces of enormous power have shaped and reshaped Earth’s surface, atmosphere, climate, and biota again and again since the planet’s beginnings about 4.5 billion years ago. For most of the planet’s history those environmental changes were the result of the interaction of natural processes such as geology and climate and were described on the geological time scale in epochs spanning millions of years.
When humankind appeared on Earth around 200,000 years ago the influence of human activity on the environment must have been small and localized. The influence of scattered small groups of people on the global ecosystem would have been overwhelmed by the forces of natural systems (Steffen and others, 207). Human population would not grow to 50 million (about 0.7 percent of the Earth’s current population) for another 197,000 years. Population growth accelerated over the centuries that followed until the planet was adding more than that 50 million people every year. Our planet is now home to roughly 7.3 billion people and we are adding 1 million more people roughly every 4.8 days (US Census Bureau, 2011). Before 1950, no one on Earth had lived through a doubling of the human population, but now some people have experienced a tripling in their lifetime (Cohen, 2003).
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Garretson, SD","doi":"10.5066/F7N014QZ","usgsCitation":"Tappan, G.G., Cushing, W.M., Cotillon, S.E., Hutchinson, J.A., Pengra, B., Alfari, I., Botoni, E., Soule, A., and Herrmann, S.M., 2016, Landscapes of West Africa: A window on a changing world, x, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N014QZ.","productDescription":"x, 219 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079299","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418464,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/2016/70176549/70176549_fr.pdf","text":"Report - French","size":"55.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Landscapes of West Africa: A Window on a Changing World PDF - French"},{"id":418463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/2016/70176549/70176549.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Landscapes of West Africa: A Window on a Changing World PDF"},{"id":339805,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/landscapes-west-africa-a-window-a-changing-world"},{"id":339807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/2016/70176549/70176549_thb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -23,\n 2\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 2\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -23,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -23,\n 2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d43ee4b0f2e20545e40b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tappan, G. 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Matthew 0000-0001-5209-6006 mcushing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-6006","contributorId":2980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"W.","email":"mcushing@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":876254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cotillon, Suzanne E. 0000-0003-3103-8944 scotillon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-8944","contributorId":169088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotillon","given":"Suzanne","email":"scotillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":876255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchinson, John A. 0000-0002-9595-5648 hutch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-5648","contributorId":4466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"John","email":"hutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pengra, Bruce 0000-0003-2497-8284 bpengra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-8284","contributorId":5132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pengra","given":"Bruce","email":"bpengra@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alfari, Issifou","contributorId":313542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alfari","given":"Issifou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Botoni, Edwige","contributorId":313543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Botoni","given":"Edwige","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soule, Amadou","contributorId":313544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soule","given":"Amadou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herrmann, Stefanie M. 0000-0002-4069-2019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-2019","contributorId":20234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70170774,"text":"sir20165057 - 2016 - Vulnerabilities of national parks in the American Midwest to climate and land use changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T15:43:53","indexId":"sir20165057","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5057","title":"Vulnerabilities of national parks in the American Midwest to climate and land use changes","docAbstract":"Many national parks in the American Midwest are surrounded by agricultural or urban areas or are in highly fragmented or rapidly changing landscapes. An environmental stressor is a physical, chemical, or biological condition that affects the functioning or productivity of species or ecosystems. Climate change is just one of many stressors on park natural resources; others include urbanization, land use change, air and water pollution, and so on. Understanding and comparing the relative vulnerability of a suite of parks to projected climate and land use changes is important for region-wide planning. A vulnerability assessment of 60 units in the 13-state U.S. National Park Service Midwestern administrative region to climate and land use change used existing data from multiple sources. Assessment included three components: individual park exposure (5 metrics), sensitivity (5 metrics), and constraints to adaptive capacity (8 metrics) under 2 future climate scenarios. The three components were combined into an overall vulnerability score. Metrics were measures of existing or projected conditions within park boundaries, within 10-kilometer buffers surrounding parks, and within ecoregions that contain or intersect them. Data were normalized within the range of values for all assessed parks, resulting in high, medium, and low relative rankings for exposure, sensitivity, constraints to adaptive capacity, and overall vulnerability. Results are consistent with assessments regarding patterns and rates of climate change nationwide but provide greater detail and relative risk for Midwestern parks. Park overall relative vulnerability did not differ between climate scenarios. Rankings for exposure, sensitivity, and constraints to adaptive capacity varied geographically and indicate regional conservation planning opportunities. The most important stressors for the most vulnerable Midwestern parks are those related to sensitivity (intrinsic characteristics of the park) and constraints on adaptive capacity (characteristics of the surrounding landscape) rather than exposure to external forces, including climate change. Output will allow individual park managers to understand which metrics weigh most heavily in the overall vulnerability of their park and can be used for region-wide responses and resource allocation for adaptation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Stroh, E.D., Struckhoff, M., Shaver, D., and Karstensen, K., 2016, Vulnerabilities of national parks in the American Midwest to climate and land use changes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5057, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165057.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Appendix","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070869","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321783,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F78913XX","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5057 Appendix 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