Determining the eruption temperature of Io's dominant silicate lavas would constrain Io's present interior state and composition. We have examined how eruption temperature can be estimated at lava tube skylights through synthesis of thermal emission from the incandescent lava flowing within the lava tube. Lava tube skylights should be present along Io's long-lived lava flow fields, and are attractive targets because of their temporal stability and the narrow range of near-eruption temperatures revealed through them. We conclude that these skylights are suitable and desirable targets (perhaps the very best targets) for the purposes of constraining eruption temperature, with a 0.9:0.7-µm radiant flux ratio ≤6.3 being diagnostic of ultramafic lava temperatures. Because the target skylights may be small – perhaps only a few m or 10 s of m across – such observations will require a future Io-dedicated mission that will obtain high spatial resolution ( < 100 m/pixel), unsaturated observations of Io's surface at multiple wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared, ideally at night. In contrast to observations of lava fountains or roiling lava lakes, where accurate determination of surface temperature distribution requires simultaneous or near-simultaneous ( < 0.1 s) observations at different wavelengths, skylight thermal emission data are superior for the purposes of temperature derivation, as emission is stable on much longer time scales (minutes, or longer), so long as viewing geometry does not greatly change during that time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.003","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Keszthelyi, L.P., and McEwen, A.S., 2016, Determination of eruption temperature of Io's lavas using lava tube skylights: Icarus, v. 278, p. 266-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-070452","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621256","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc83be4b0f5d57878ec18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202187,"text":"70202187 - 2016 - Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T11:14:46","indexId":"70202187","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T11:14:35","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake","docAbstract":"We measure peak ground velocities from fault‐zone guided waves (FZGWs), generated by on‐fault earthquakes associated with the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The data were recorded on three arrays deployed across north and south of the 2014 surface rupture. The observed FZGWs indicate that the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ) and the Franklin fault (FF) are continuous in the subsurface for at least 75 km. Previously published potential‐field data indicate that the WNFZ extends northward to the Maacama fault (MF), and previous geologic mapping indicates that the FF extends southward to the Calaveras fault (CF); this suggests a total length of at least 110 km for the WNFZ–FF. Because the WNFZ–FF appears contiguous with the MF and CF, these faults apparently form a continuous Calaveras–Franklin–WNFZ–Maacama (CFWM) fault that is second only in length (∼300 km) to the San Andreas fault in the San Francisco Bay area. The long distances over which we observe FZGWs, coupled with their high amplitudes (2–10 times the S waves) suggest that strong shaking from large earthquakes on any part of the CFWM fault may cause far‐field amplified fault‐zone shaking. We interpret guided waves and seismicity cross sections to indicate multiple upper crustal splays of the WNFZ–FF, including a northward extension of the Southhampton fault, which may cause strong shaking in the Napa Valley and the Vallejo area. Based on travel times from each earthquake to each recording array, we estimate average P‐, S‐, and guided‐wave velocities within the WNFZ–FF (4.8–5.7, 2.2–3.2, and 1.1–2.8 km/s, respectively), with FZGW velocities ranging from 58% to 93% of the average S‐wave velocities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160154","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Li, Y., and Chan, J.H., 2016, Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 6, p. 2721-2746, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160154.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2746","ipdsId":"IP-068187","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 37.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Y.-G.","contributorId":213220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Joanne H. 0000-0002-2065-2423 jchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-2423","contributorId":178625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Joanne","email":"jchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202096,"text":"70202096 - 2016 - A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T11:04:21","indexId":"70202096","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T11:04:14","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5802,"text":"Science Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100)","docAbstract":"Global climate and environmental change studies require detailed land-use and land-cover(LULC) information about the past, present, and future. In this paper, we discuss a methodology for downscaling coarse-resolution (i.e., half-degree) future land use scenarios to finer (i.e., 1 km) resolutions at the global scale using a grid-based spatially explicit cellular automata (CA) model. We account for spatial heterogeneity from topography, climate, soils, and socioeconomic variables. The model uses a global 30 m land cover map (2010) as the base input, a variety of biogeographic and socioeconomic variables, and an empirical analysis to downscale coarse-resolution land use information (specifically urban, crop and pasture). The output of this model offers the most current and finest-scale future LULC dynamics from 2010 to 2100 (with four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios—RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) at a 1 km resolution within a globally consistent framework. The data are freely available for download, and will enable researchers to study the impacts of LULC change at the local scale.
Chemical analyses from 71 watersheds across an ∼450 km transect in west-central Panama provide insight into controls on weathering and rates of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption across an igneous arc terrain in the tropics. Stream and river compositions across this region of Panama are generally dilute, having a total dissolved solute value = 118 ± 91 mg/L, with bicarbonate and silica being the predominant dissolved species. Solute, stable isotope, and radiogenic isotope compositions are consistent with dissolution of igneous rocks present in Panama by meteoric precipitation, with geochemical signatures of rivers largely acquired in their upstream regions. Comparison of a headwater basin with its entire watershed observed considerably more runoff production from the high-elevation upstream portion of the catchment than in its much more spatially extensive downstream region. Rock alteration profiles document that weathering proceeds primarily by dissolution of feldspar and pyroxene, with base cations effectively leached in the following sequence: Na > Ca > Mg > K. Control on water chemistry by bedrock lithology is indicated through a linking of elevated ([Na + K]/[Ca + Mg]) ratios in waters to a high proportion of catchment area silicic bedrock and low ratios to mafic bedrock. Sr-isotope ratios are dominated by basement-derived Sr, with only very minor, if any, contribution from other sources. Cation weathering of Casil + Mgsil + Na + K spans about an order in magnitude, from 3 to 32 tons/km2/yr. Strong positive correlations of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption are observed with precipitation, mean watershed elevation, extent of land surface forest cover, and physical erosion rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31388.1","usgsCitation":"Harmon, R.S., Wörner, G., Goldsmith, S.T., Harmon, B.A., Gardner, C.B., Lyons, W.B., Ogden, F.L., Pribil, M., Long, D.T., Kern, Z., and Fórizs, I., 2016, Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry—A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama: GSA Bulletin, v. 128, no. 11-12, p. 1780-1812, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31388.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1780","endPage":"1812","ipdsId":"IP-057655","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","otherGeospatial":"Chagras and Pacora watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.02475081518877,\n 9.72835001499034\n ],\n [\n -83.0055327816727,\n 9.72835001499034\n ],\n [\n -83.0055327816727,\n 7.266801490086593\n ],\n [\n -77.02475081518877,\n 7.266801490086593\n ],\n [\n -77.02475081518877,\n 9.72835001499034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, Russell S.","contributorId":365108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Russell","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87040,"text":"Department of Marine, Earth Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University and USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wörner, Gerhard","contributorId":365109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wörner","given":"Gerhard","affiliations":[{"id":87041,"text":"Division of Geochemistry, University of Göttingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsmith, Steven T.","contributorId":365110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Steven","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":87042,"text":"Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmon, Brendan A.","contributorId":365111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Brendan","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87043,"text":"Department of Marine, Earth Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, Christopher B.","contributorId":365112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Christopher","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":87044,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":365113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[{"id":87044,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ogden, Fred L.","contributorId":365114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogden","given":"Fred","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":87045,"text":"Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":365115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"David","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":87046,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kern, Zoltán","contributorId":365116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kern","given":"Zoltán","affiliations":[{"id":33755,"text":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fórizs, István","contributorId":365117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fórizs","given":"István","affiliations":[{"id":33755,"text":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193724,"text":"70193724 - 2016 - Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:22:46","indexId":"70193724","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets","docAbstract":"The surface deformation field measured at volcanic domes provides insights into the effects of magmatic processes, gravity- and gas-driven processes, and the development and distribution of internal dome structures. Here we study short-term dome deformation associated with earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, recorded by a permanent optical camera and seismic monitoring network. We use Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to compute the displacement field between successive images and compare the results to the occurrence and characteristics of seismic events during a 6 week period of dome growth in 2006. The results reveal that dome growth at Mount St. Helens was repeatedly interrupted by short-term meter-scale downward displacements at the dome surface, which were associated in time with low-frequency, large-magnitude seismic events followed by a tremor-like signal. The tremor was only recorded by the seismic stations closest to the dome. We find a correlation between the magnitudes of the camera-derived displacements and the spectral amplitudes of the associated tremor. We use the DIC results from two cameras and a high-resolution topographic model to derive full 3-D displacement maps, which reveals internal dome structures and the effect of the seismic activity on daily surface velocities. We postulate that the tremor is recording the gravity-driven response of the upper dome due to mechanical collapse or depressurization and fault-controlled slumping. Our results highlight the different scales and structural expressions during growth and disintegration of lava domes and the relationships between seismic and deformation signals.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013045","usgsCitation":"Salzer, J.T., Thelen, W.A., James, M.R., Walter, T.R., Moran, S.C., and Denlinger, R.P., 2016, Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 11, p. 7882-7902, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013045.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"7882","endPage":"7902","ipdsId":"IP-079733","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48245239257812,\n 46.02271417608516\n ],\n [\n -121.90841674804686,\n 46.02271417608516\n ],\n [\n -121.90841674804686,\n 46.40472314125321\n ],\n [\n -122.48245239257812,\n 46.40472314125321\n ],\n [\n -122.48245239257812,\n 46.02271417608516\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb5e4b0531197b573c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salzer, Jacqueline T.","contributorId":199801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzer","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16947,"text":"German Research Centre for Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelen, Weston A. 0000-0003-2534-5577 wthelen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":4126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","email":"wthelen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Mike R.","contributorId":199802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13133,"text":"Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, Thomas R.","contributorId":199803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16947,"text":"German Research Centre for Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182778,"text":"70182778 - 2016 - Spatial prediction of wheat Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) disease severity in central Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:05:26","indexId":"70182778","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial prediction of wheat Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) disease severity in central Ethiopia","docAbstract":"A number of studies have reported the presence of wheat septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici; SLB) disease in Ethiopia. However, the environmental factors associated with SLB disease, and areas under risk of SLB disease, have not been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variables can adequately explain observed SLB disease severity levels in West Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Specifically, we identified 50 environmental variables and assessed their relationships with SLB disease severity. Geographically referenced disease severity data were obtained from the field, and linear regression and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) modeling approaches were used for developing spatial models. Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived vegetation indices and land surface temperature (LST) variables highly influenced SLB model predictions. Soil and topographic variables did not sufficiently explain observed SLB disease severity variation in this study. Our results show that wheat growing areas in Central Ethiopia, including highly productive districts, are at risk of SLB disease. The study demonstrates the integration of field data with modeling approaches such as BRT for predicting the spatial patterns of severity of a pathogenic wheat disease in Central Ethiopia. Our results can aid Ethiopia's wheat disease monitoring efforts, while our methods can be replicated for testing related hypotheses elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003","usgsCitation":"Wakie, T., Kumar, S., Senay, G., Takele, A., and Lencho, A., 2016, Spatial prediction of wheat Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) disease severity in central Ethiopia: Ecological Informatics, v. 36, p. 15-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-079364","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba5e4b01ccd5500baf5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Wakie Tewodros T., Kumar Sunil, Senay Gabriel B., Takele Abera, Lencho Alemu","journalName":"Ecological Informatics","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wakie, Tewodros","contributorId":138730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wakie","given":"Tewodros","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, Sunil","contributorId":84992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sunil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takele, Abera","contributorId":187439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takele","given":"Abera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lencho, Alemu","contributorId":187440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lencho","given":"Alemu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175441,"text":"70175441 - 2016 - Low-cost floating emergence net and bottle trap: Comparison of two designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:03:59","indexId":"70175441","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-cost floating emergence net and bottle trap: Comparison of two designs","docAbstract":"Sampling emergent aquatic insects is of interest to many freshwater ecologists. Many quantitative emergence traps require the use of aspiration for collection. However, aspiration is infeasible in studies with large amounts of replication that is often required in large biomonitoring projects. We designed an economic, collapsible pyramid-shaped floating emergence trap with an external collection bottle that avoids the need for aspiration. This design was compared experimentally to a design of similar dimensions that relied on aspiration to ensure comparable results. The pyramid-shaped design captured twice as many total emerging insects. When a preservative was used in bottle collectors, >95% of the emergent abundance was collected in the bottle. When no preservative was used, >81% of the total insects were collected from the bottle. In addition to capturing fewer emergent insects, the traps that required aspiration took significantly longer to sample. Large studies and studies sampling remote locations could benefit from the economical construction, speed of sampling, and capture efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2016.1217944","usgsCitation":"Cadmus, P., Pomeranz, J., and Kraus, J.M., 2016, Low-cost floating emergence net and bottle trap: Comparison of two designs: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 653-658, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2016.1217944.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"658","ipdsId":"IP-066057","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2016.1217944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd4fe4b0cd2dabe7c1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cadmus, Pete","contributorId":173609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cadmus","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27254,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife; Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomeranz, Justin jpomeranz@usgs.gov","contributorId":173608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeranz","given":"Justin","email":"jpomeranz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176031,"text":"70176031 - 2016 - The precision problem in conservation and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:50:31","indexId":"70176031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precision problem in conservation and restoration","docAbstract":"Within the varied contexts of environmental policy, conservation of imperilled species populations, and restoration of damaged habitats, an emphasis on idealized optimal conditions has led to increasingly specific targets for management. Overly-precise conservation targets can reduce habitat variability at multiple scales, with unintended consequences for future ecological resilience. We describe this dilemma in the context of endangered species management, stream restoration, and climate-change adaptation. Inappropriate application of conservation targets can be expensive, with marginal conservation benefit. Reduced habitat variability can limit options for managers trying to balance competing objectives with limited resources. Conservation policies should embrace habitat variability, expand decision-space appropriately, and support adaptation to local circumstances to increase ecological resilience in a rapidly changing world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.001","usgsCitation":"Hiers, J.K., Jackson, S.T., Hobbs, R.J., Bernhardt, E., and Valentine, L.E., 2016, The precision problem in conservation and restoration: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 31, no. 11, p. 820-830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"830","ipdsId":"IP-068562","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dce4b077fc20250e00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiers, J. Kevin","contributorId":173986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":27330,"text":"University of the South; Sewanee, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbs, Richard J.","contributorId":175282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbs","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27556,"text":"University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernhardt, Emily S.","contributorId":92143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valentine, Leonie E.","contributorId":173989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentine","given":"Leonie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16662,"text":"University of Western Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175944,"text":"70175944 - 2016 - Space use of a dominant Arctic vertebrate: Effects of prey, sea ice, and land on Pacific walrus resource selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:47:11","indexId":"70175944","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use of a dominant Arctic vertebrate: Effects of prey, sea ice, and land on Pacific walrus resource selection","docAbstract":"Sea ice dominates marine ecosystems in the Arctic, and recent reductions in sea ice may alter food webs throughout the region. Sea ice loss may also stress Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), which feed on benthic macroinvertebrates in the Bering and Chukchi seas. However, no studies have examined the effects of sea ice on foraging Pacific walrus space use patterns. We tested a series of hypotheses that examined walrus foraging resource selection as a function of proximity to resting substrates and prey biomass. We quantified walrus prey biomass with 17 benthic invertebrate families, which included bivalves, polychaetes, amphipods, tunicates, and sipunculids. We included covariates for distance to sea ice and distance to land, and systematically developed a series of candidate models to examine interactions among benthic prey biomass and resting substrates. We ranked candidate models with Bayesian Information Criterion and made inferences on walrus resource selection based on the top-ranked model. Based on the top model, biomass of the bivalve family Tellinidae, distance to ice, distance to land, and the interaction of distances to ice and land all positively influenced walrus foraging resource selection. Standardized model coefficients indicated that distance to ice explained the most variation in walrus foraging resource selection followed by Tellinidae biomass. Distance to land and the interaction of distances to ice and land accounted for similar levels of variation. Tellinidae biomass likely represented an index of overall bivalve biomass, indicating walruses focused foraging in areas with elevated levels of bivalve and tellinid biomass. Our results also emphasize the importance of sea ice to walruses. Projected sea ice loss will increase the duration of the open water season in the Chukchi Sea, altering the spatial distribution of resting sites relative to current foraging areas and possibly affecting the spatial structure of benthic communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.035","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A.S., Grebmeier, J.M., Taylor, R.L., Blanchard, A.L., and Jewett, S.C., 2016, Space use of a dominant Arctic vertebrate: Effects of prey, sea ice, and land on Pacific walrus resource selection: Biological Conservation, v. 203, p. 25-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.035.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-076003","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78G8HTX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Walrus used and available resource units for northeast Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012"},{"id":331815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 71.38514208411495\n ],\n [\n -166.904296875,\n 65.96437717203096\n ],\n [\n -177.18749999999997,\n 68.30190453001559\n ],\n [\n -167.16796875,\n 72.86793049861396\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 71.38514208411495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"203","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dce4b077fc20250e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113 wbeatty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":173946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"wbeatty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":48815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grebmeier","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blanchard, Arny L.","contributorId":173948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Arny","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70185051,"text":"70185051 - 2016 - Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T16:21:41","indexId":"70185051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses","docAbstract":"Mixing models are a commonly used method for hydrograph separation, but can be hindered by the subjective choice of the end-member tracer concentrations. This work tests a new variant of mixing model that uses high-frequency measures of two tracers and streamflow to separate total streamflow into water from slowflow and fastflow sources. The ratio between the concentrations of the two tracers is used to create a time-variable estimate of the concentration of each tracer in the fastflow end-member. Multiple synthetic data sets, and data from two hydrologically diverse streams, are used to test the performance and limitations of the new model (two-tracer ratio-based mixing model: TRaMM). When applied to the synthetic streams under many different scenarios, the TRaMM produces results that were reasonable approximations of the actual values of fastflow discharge (±0.1% of maximum fastflow) and fastflow tracer concentrations (±9.5% and ±16% of maximum fastflow nitrate concentration and specific conductance, respectively). With real stream data, the TRaMM produces high-frequency estimates of slowflow and fastflow discharge that align with expectations for each stream based on their respective hydrologic settings. The use of two tracers with the TRaMM provides an innovative and objective approach for estimating high-frequency fastflow concentrations and contributions of fastflow water to the stream. This provides useful information for tracking chemical movement to streams and allows for better selection and implementation of water quality management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016WR018797","usgsCitation":"Kronholm, S.C., and Capel, P.D., 2016, Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 9, p. 6881-6896, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018797.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6881","endPage":"6896","ipdsId":"IP-075597","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr018797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NMQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Real and synthetic data used to test the Two-tracer Ratio-based Mixing Model (TRaMM)"},{"id":337470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9ee4b0849ce9795e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronholm, Scott C.","contributorId":184190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184430,"text":"70184430 - 2016 - Scale-dependent seasonal pool habitat use by sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:56:05","indexId":"70184430","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent seasonal pool habitat use by sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations","docAbstract":"Sympatric populations of native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Brown Trout Salmo truttaexist throughout the eastern USA. An understanding of habitat use by sympatric populations is of importance for fisheries management agencies because of the close association between habitat and population dynamics. Moreover, habitat use by stream-dwelling salmonids may be further complicated by several factors, including the potential for fish to display scale-dependent habitat use. Discrete-choice models were used to (1) evaluate fall and early winter daytime habitat use by sympatric Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations based on available residual pool habitat within a stream network and (2) assess the sensitivity of inferred habitat use to changes in the spatial scale of the assumed available habitat. Trout exhibited an overall preference for pool habitats over nonpool habitats; however, the use of pools was nonlinear over time. Brook Trout displayed a greater preference for deep residual pool habitats than for shallow pool and nonpool habitats, whereas Brown Trout selected for all pool habitat categories similarly. Habitat use by both species was found to be scale dependent. At the smallest spatial scale (50 m), habitat use was primarily related to the time of year and fish weight. However, at larger spatial scales (250 and 450 m), habitat use varied over time according to the study stream in which a fish was located. Scale-dependent relationships in seasonal habitat use by Brook Trout and Brown Trout highlight the importance of considering scale when attempting to make inferences about habitat use; fisheries managers may want to consider identifying the appropriate spatial scale when devising actions to restore and protect Brook Trout populations and their habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1167777","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.A., and Wagner, T., 2016, Scale-dependent seasonal pool habitat use by sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, p. 888-902, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1167777.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"902","ipdsId":"IP-071257","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Hunts Run Watershed ","volume":"145","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277d8e4b014cc3a3e76b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Lori A.","contributorId":187762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184429,"text":"70184429 - 2016 - A brackish diatom, Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Pacific coast of Oregon (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:59:36","indexId":"70184429","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3081,"text":"Phytotaxa","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A brackish diatom, Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Pacific coast of Oregon (USA)","docAbstract":"Light and electron microscope observations show that a brackish diatom taxon should be classified as a new species of a new genus; Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. We propose separating Pseudofrustulia from other similar genera such as Frickea, Frustulia, Amphipleura, Muelleria, and Envekadea on the basis of its thickened axial ribs, raphe endings, axial costae, morphology of helictoglossa, size of striae on valve surfaces, and areolae on the inner side between its axial ribs and raphe. Girdle bands may be another diagnostic feature for the separation of Pseudofrustulia from related taxa, but more detailed observations using SEM images are required to determine if bands are diagnostic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.267.2.2","usgsCitation":"Sawai, Y., Nagumo, T., and Nelson, A.R., 2016, A brackish diatom, Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Pacific coast of Oregon (USA): Phytotaxa, v. 267, no. 2, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.267.2.2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-076563","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.267.2.2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"267","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277d9e4b014cc3a3e76b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawai, Yuki","contributorId":127509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Yuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6981,"text":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagumo, Tamotsu","contributorId":187713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagumo","given":"Tamotsu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192728,"text":"70192728 - 2016 - Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:37:40","indexId":"70192728","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest","docAbstract":"Wildfire, a dominant disturbance in boreal forests, is highly variable in occurrence and behavior at multiple spatiotemporal scales. New data sets provide more detailed spatial and temporal observations of active fires and the post-burn environment in Alaska. In this study, we employ some of these new data to analyze variations in fire activity by developing three explanatory models to examine the occurrence of (1) seasonal periods of elevated fire activity using the number of MODIS active fire detections data set (MCD14DL) within an 11-day moving window, (2) unburned patches within a burned area using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire severity product, and (3) short-to-moderate interval (<60 yr) fires using areas of burned area overlap in the Alaska Large Fire Database. Explanatory variables for these three models included dynamic variables that can change over the course of the fire season, such as weather and burn date, as well as static variables that remain constant over a fire season, such as topography, drainage, vegetation cover, and fire history. We found that seasonal periods of high fire activity are associated with both seasonal timing and aggregated weather conditions, as well as the landscape composition of areas that are burning. Important static inputs to the model of seasonal fire activity indicate that when fire weather conditions are suitable, areas that typically resist fire (e.g., deciduous stands) may become more vulnerable to burning and therefore less effective as fire breaks. The occurrence of short-to-moderate interval fires appears to be primarily driven by weather conditions, as these were the only relevant explanatory variables in the model. The unique importance of weather in explaining short-to-moderate interval fires implies that fire return intervals (FRIs) will be sensitive to projected climate changes in the region. Unburned patches occur most often in younger stands, which may be related to a greater deciduous fraction of vegetation as well as lower fuel loads compared with mature stands. The fraction of unburned patches may therefore increase in response to decreasing FRIs and increased deciduousness in the region, or these may decrease if fire weather conditions become more severe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1572","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Loboda, T., McGuire, A.D., Genet, H., Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E., 2016, Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1572.","productDescription":"e01572; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-071622","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bee4b0dc0b45b453e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Kirsten","contributorId":26600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loboda, Tatiana","contributorId":172797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loboda","given":"Tatiana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genet, Hélène","contributorId":195179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genet","given":"Hélène","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoy, Elizabeth","contributorId":200169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoy","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kasischke, Eric","contributorId":91980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179077,"text":"70179077 - 2016 - Do water level fluctuations influence production of walleye and yellow perch young-of-the-year in large northern lakes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T15:27:17","indexId":"70179077","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do water level fluctuations influence production of walleye and yellow perch young-of-the-year in large northern lakes?","docAbstract":"Many ecological processes depend on the regular rise and fall of water levels (WLs), and artificial manipulations to WL regimes can impair important ecosystem services. Previous research has suggested that differences in WL between late summer and early spring may alter the suitability of shoals used by Walleyes Sander vitreus for spawning. Other species, such as the Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, are unlikely to be affected in the same way by WL fluctuations because their spawning requirements are quite different. We used 11–23 years of data from six northern Minnesota lakes to assess the effects of WL fluctuations on the abundances of young-of-the-year (age-0) Walleyes and Yellow Perch. In two lakes (Rainy Lake and Lake Kabetogama), a change in WL management occurred in 2000, after which these lakes saw increased age-0 Walleye abundance, while the other study lakes experienced decreases or no change. Rainy Lake and Lake Kabetogama also had increases in age-0 Yellow Perch, but another study lake did also. We used partial least-squares regression to assess whether WL metrics were associated with variation in age-0 Walleye and Yellow Perch abundances, but WL metrics were seldom associated with age-0 abundance for either species. Our analysis suggested a potential influence of WL regulation on age-0 Walleye abundance, but we found no evidence that early spring access to spawning shoals was the mechanism by which this occurred.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1214645","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Staples, D.F., Maki, R., Vallazza, J., Knights, B.C., and Peterson, K.E., 2016, Do water level fluctuations influence production of walleye and yellow perch young-of-the-year in large northern lakes?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1425-1436, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1214645.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1436","ipdsId":"IP-061712","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Do_Water_Level_Fluctuations_Influence_Production_of_Walleye_and_Yellow_Perch_Young-of-the-Year_in_Large_Northern_Lakes_/4223739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":332190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba40e4b0e2663625f2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staples, David F.","contributorId":150561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staples","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallazza, Jon M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":139282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jon M.","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Kevin E.","contributorId":177489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178631,"text":"70178631 - 2016 - Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T16:12:02","indexId":"70178631","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight","docAbstract":"The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are directly added to many tributaries of the Great Lakes that harbor the invasive parasitic sea lamprey. Despite their long history of use, the fate of lampricides is not well understood. This study evaluates the rate and pathway of direct photodegradation of both lampricides under simulated sunlight. The estimated half-lives of TFM range from 16.6 ± 0.2 h (pH 9) to 32.9 ± 1.0 h (pH 6), while the half-lives of niclosamide range from 8.88 ± 0.52 days (pH 6) to 382 ± 83 days (pH 9) assuming continuous irradiation over a water depth of 55 cm. Both compounds degrade to form a series of aromatic intermediates, simple organic acids, ring cleavage products, and inorganic ions. Experimental data were used to construct a kinetic model which demonstrates that the aromatic products of TFM undergo rapid photolysis and emphasizes that niclosamide degradation is the rate-limiting step to dehalogenation and mineralization of the lampricide. This study demonstrates that TFM photodegradation is likely to occur on the time scale of lampricide applications (2–5 days), while niclosamide, the less selective lampricide, will undergo minimal direct photodegradation during its passage to the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b02607","usgsCitation":"McConville, M.B., Hubert, T.D., and Remucal, C.K., 2016, Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 18, p. 9998-10006, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02607.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9998","endPage":"10006","ipdsId":"IP-076266","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dee4b04fc80e507398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McConville, Megan B.","contributorId":177099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConville","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Terrance D. 0000-0001-9712-1738 thubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-1738","contributorId":3036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terrance","email":"thubert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Remucal, Christina K.","contributorId":177100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remucal","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179079,"text":"70179079 - 2016 - Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:11:03","indexId":"70179079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","docAbstract":"Acoustic emission (AE) analyses have been used for decades for rock mechanics testing, but because AE systems are not typically calibrated, the absolute sizes of dynamic microcrack growth and other physical processes responsible for the generation of AEs are poorly constrained. We describe a calibration technique for the AE recording system as a whole (transducers + amplifiers + digitizers + sample + loading frame) that uses the impact of a 4.76-mm free-falling steel ball bearing as a reference source. We demonstrate the technique on a 76-mm diameter cylinder of westerly granite loaded in a triaxial deformation apparatus at 40 MPa confining pressure. The ball bearing is dropped inside a cavity within the sample while inside the pressure vessel. We compare this reference source to conventional AEs generated during loading of a saw-cut fault in a second granite sample. All located AEs occur on the saw-cut surface and have moment magnitudes ranging from M −5.7 down to at least M −8. Dynamic events rupturing the entire simulated fault surface (stick–slip events) have measurable stress drop and macroscopic slip and radiate seismic waves similar to those from a M −3.5 earthquake. The largest AE events that do not rupture the entire fault are M −5.7. For these events, we also estimate the corner frequency (200–300 kHz), and we assume the Brune model to estimate source dimensions of 4–6 mm. These AE sources are larger than the 0.2 mm grain size and smaller than the 76 × 152 mm fault surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00603-016-1082-1","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., and Lockner, D.A., 2016, Calibrated acoustic emission system records M -3.5 to M -8 events generated on a saw-cut granite sample: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, v. 49, no. 11, p. 4527-4536, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1082-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4527","endPage":"4536","ipdsId":"IP-063673","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90125e4b0849ce97abccf","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00603-016-1082-1","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1082-1","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"McLaskey Gregory C., Lockner David A.","journalName":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","publicationDate":"9/10/2016","auditedOn":"2/15/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189471,"text":"70189471 - 2016 - Chewing lice of swan geese (Anser cygnoides): New host-parasite associations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T11:35:02","indexId":"70189471","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5460,"text":"The Korean Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chewing lice of swan geese (Anser cygnoides): New host-parasite associations","title":"Chewing lice of swan geese (Anser cygnoides): New host-parasite associations","docAbstract":"Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine","doi":"10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.685","usgsCitation":"Choi, C., Takekawa, J.Y., Prosser, D.J., Smith, L.M., Ely, C.R., Fox, A.D., Cao, L., Wang, X., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., and Xiao, X., 2016, Chewing lice of swan geese (Anser cygnoides): New host-parasite associations: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, v. 54, no. 5, p. 685-691, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.685.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"691","ipdsId":"IP-074885","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.685","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a1e4b0d1f9f05f59b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Chang-Yong","contributorId":181784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Chang-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Lacy M. 0000-0001-6733-1080 lmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1080","contributorId":4772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lacy","email":"lmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Anthony D.","contributorId":130960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7177,"text":"Dept of Bioscience, Aahus Univ, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cao, Lei","contributorId":181789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, Xin","contributorId":177411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Batbayar, Nyambaya","contributorId":181791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batbayar","given":"Nyambaya","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag","contributorId":91981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"Tseveenmayadag","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":181792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70178990,"text":"70178990 - 2016 - Sagebrush, greater sage-grouse, and the occurrence and importance of forbs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T11:24:13","indexId":"70178990","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sagebrush, greater sage-grouse, and the occurrence and importance of forbs","docAbstract":"Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems provide habitat for sagebrush-obligate wildlife species such as the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The understory of big sagebrush plant communities is composed of grasses and forbs that are important sources of cover and food for wildlife. The grass component is well described in the literature, but the composition, abundance, and habitat role of forbs in these communities is largely unknown. Our objective was to synthesize information about forbs and their importance to Greater Sage-Grouse diets and habitats, how rangeland management practices affect forbs, and how forbs respond to changes in temperature and precipitation. We also sought to identify research gaps and needs concerning forbs in big sagebrush plant communities. We searched for relevant literature including journal articles and state and federal agency reports. Our results indicated that in the spring and summer, Greater Sage-Grouse diets consist of forbs (particularly species in the Asteraceae family), arthropods, and lesser amounts of sagebrush. The diets transition to sagebrush in fall and winter. Forbs provide cover for Greater Sage-Grouse individuals at their lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing sites, and the species has a positive relationship with arthropod presence. The effect of grazing on native forbs may be compounded by invasion of nonnative species and differs depending on grazing intensity. The effect of fire on forbs varies greatly and may depend on time elapsed since burning. In addition, chemical and mechanical treatments affect annual and perennial forbs differently. Temperature and precipitation influence forb phenology, biomass, and abundance differently among species. Our review identified several uncertainties and research needs about forbs in big sagebrush ecosystems. First, in many cases the literature about forbs is reported only at the genus or functional type level. Second, information about forb composition and abundance near lekking sites is limited, despite the fact that lekking sites are an important center of Greater Sage-Grouse activity. Third, there is little published literature on the relationship between forbs and precipitation and between forbs and temperature, thereby limiting our ability to understand potential responses of forbs to climate change. While there is wide agreement among Greater Sage-Grouse biologists that forbs are an important habitat component, our knowledge about the distribution and environmental responses of forb species in big sagebrush plant communities is limited. Our work for the first time synthesizes the current knowledge regarding forbs in sagebrush ecosystems and their importance for Greater Sage-Grouse and identifies additional research needs for effective conservation and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.076.0307","usgsCitation":"Pennington, V.E., Schlaepfer, D., Beck, J., Bradford, J.B., Palmquist, K.A., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2016, Sagebrush, greater sage-grouse, and the occurrence and importance of forbs: Western North American Naturalist, v. 76, no. 3, p. 298-312, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.076.0307.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"312","ipdsId":"IP-075444","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bbe4b08138bf1abd54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennington, Victoria E.","contributorId":138850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":93316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jeffrey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179083,"text":"70179083 - 2016 - Past and predicted future effects of housing growth on open space conservation opportunity areas and habitat connectivity around National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T14:55:16","indexId":"70179083","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and predicted future effects of housing growth on open space conservation opportunity areas and habitat connectivity around National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"Housing growth can alter suitability of matrix habitats around protected areas, strongly affecting movements of organisms and, consequently, threatening connectivity of protected area networks.
Our goal was to quantify distribution and growth of housing around the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System. This is important information for conservation planning, particularly given promotion of habitat connectivity as a climate change adaptation measure.
We quantified housing growth from 1940 to 2000 and projected future growth to 2030 within three distances from refuges, identifying very low housing density open space, “opportunity areas” (contiguous areas with <6.17 houses/km2), both nationally and by USFWS administrative region. Additionally, we quantified number and area of habitat corridors within these opportunity areas in 2000.
Our results indicated that the number and area of open space opportunity areas generally decreased with increasing distance from refuges and with the passage of time. Furthermore, total area in habitat corridors was much lower than in opportunity areas. In addition, the number of corridors sometimes exceeded number of opportunity areas as a result of habitat fragmentation, indicating corridors are likely vulnerable to land use change. Finally, regional differences were strong and indicated some refuges may have experienced so much housing growth already that they are effectively too isolated to adapt to climate change, while others may require extensive habitat restoration work.
Wildlife refuges are increasingly isolated by residential housing development, potentially constraining the movement of wildlife and, therefore, their ability to adapt to a changing climate.
The closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 resulted in drastic changes to water clarity, temperature, and flow of the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. The Colorado River is now much clearer, water temperature is less variable throughout the year, and the river is much colder in the summer months. The flow—regulated by the dam—is now less variable annually, but has larger daily fluctuations than during pre-dam times. All of these changes have resulted in a different fish community and different food resources for fish than existed before the dam was built. Recent monitoring of water clarity, by measuring turbidity, has helped scientists and river managers understand modern water-clarity patterns in the dam-regulated Colorado River. These data were then used to estimate pre-dam turbidity in the Colorado River in order to make comparisons of pre-dam and dam-regulated conditions, which are useful for assessing biological changes in the river over time. Prior to dam construction, the large sediment load resulted in low water clarity almost all of the time, a condition which was more favorable for the native fish community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163053","usgsCitation":"Voichick, N., Kennedy, T.A., Topping, D.J., Griffiths, R.E., and Fry, K.L., 2016, Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–5053, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163053.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067865","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330598,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3053"},{"id":330597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada Utah, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52392578125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -104.62280273437499,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -106.226806640625,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -107.962646484375,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 32.90726224488304\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 31.484893386890164\n ],\n [\n -111.126708984375,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.93896484374999,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -114.97192382812499,\n 35.594785665487244\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 36.85325222344018\n ],\n [\n -114.32373046875,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -113.477783203125,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 37.60552821745789\n ],\n [\n -111.236572265625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -109.281005859375,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -108.182373046875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 39.93501296038254\n ],\n [\n -104.52392578125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GCMRC Staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
http://www.gcmrc.gov/
Moseley et al.’s (Reports, 8 January 2016, p. 165) preferred-Termination-II age is subjective, as evidenced by variation in their Termination-II ages of 2500 years per meter. Termination-II-age bias decreases to zero at ~1.5 meters below the present-day water table, if one assumes linear variation with core-sample height. Maintaining the required gradient of thorium isotope 230Th over 3.6 meters for 1000 years, much less 10,000 years, seems exceedingly unlikely.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aaf8074","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., 2016, Comment on “Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing”: Science, v. 354, no. 6310, p. 296-296, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8074.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"296","ipdsId":"IP-074724","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"354","issue":"6310","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9ee4b0849ce9795e90","chorus":{"doi":"10.1126/science.aaf8074","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8074","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","authors":"Coplen Tyler B.","journalName":"Science","publicationDate":"10/20/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/10/2018"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186283,"text":"70186283 - 2016 - When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:47:19","indexId":"70186283","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation","docAbstract":"Climate change is facilitating rapid changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation at northern latitudes, raising questions about the responses of wildlife that rely on arctic ecosystems. One widely observed change occurring in arctic tundra ecosystems is an increasing dominance of deciduous shrub vegetation. Our goals were to examine the tolerance of arctic-nesting bird species to existing gradients of vegetation along the boreal forest-tundra ecotone, to predict the abundance of species across different heights and densities of shrubs, and to identify species that will be most or least responsive to ongoing expansion of shrubs in tundra ecosystems. We conducted 1,208 point counts on 12 study blocks from 2012–2014 in northwestern Alaska, using repeated surveys to account for imperfect detection of birds. We considered the importance of shrub height, density of low and tall shrubs (i.e. shrubs >0.5 m tall), percent of ground cover attributed to shrubs (including dwarf shrubs <0.5 m tall), and percent of herbaceous plant cover in predicting bird abundance. Among 17 species considered, only gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus) abundance was associated with the highest values of all shrub metrics in its top predictive model. All other species either declined in abundance in response to one or more shrub metrics or reached a threshold where further increases in shrubs did not contribute to greater abundance. In many instances the relationship between avian abundance and shrubs was nonlinear, with predicted abundance peaking at moderate values of the covariate, then declining at high values. In particular, a large number of species were responsive to increasing values of average shrub height with six species having highest abundance at near-zero values of shrub height and abundance of four other species decreasing once heights reached moderate values (≤ 33 cm). Our findings suggest that increases in shrub cover and density will negatively affect abundance of only a few bird species and may potentially be beneficial for many others. As shrub height increases further, however, a considerable number of tundra bird species will likely find habitat increasingly unsuitable.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0164755","usgsCitation":"Thompson, S.J., Handel, C.M., Richardson, R.M., and McNew, L.B., 2016, When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164755.","productDescription":"e0164755; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-075257","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CN722Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Avian Point Count, Habitat, and Covariate Data for Subarctic Bird Abundance, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2012-2014"},{"id":339308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 64.33039136366138\n ],\n [\n -161.60888671875,\n 64.33039136366138\n ],\n [\n -161.60888671875,\n 66.63119845535732\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 66.63119845535732\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 64.33039136366138\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"11","tableOfContents":"Climate change is facilitating rapid changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation at northern latitudes, raising questions about the responses of wildlife that rely on arctic ecosystems. One widely observed change occurring in arctic tundra ecosystems is an increasing dominance of deciduous shrub vegetation. Our goals were to examine the tolerance of arctic-nesting bird species to existing gradients of vegetation along the boreal forest-tundra ecotone, to predict the abundance of species across different heights and densities of shrubs, and to identify species that will be most or least responsive to ongoing expansion of shrubs in tundra ecosystems. We conducted 1,208 point counts on 12 study blocks from 2012–2014 in northwestern Alaska, using repeated surveys to account for imperfect detection of birds. We considered the importance of shrub height, density of low and tall shrubs (i.e. shrubs >0.5 m tall), percent of ground cover attributed to shrubs (including dwarf shrubs <0.5 m tall), and percent of herbaceous plant cover in predicting bird abundance. Among 17 species considered, only gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus) abundance was associated with the highest values of all shrub metrics in its top predictive model. All other species either declined in abundance in response to one or more shrub metrics or reached a threshold where further increases in shrubs did not contribute to greater abundance. In many instances the relationship between avian abundance and shrubs was nonlinear, with predicted abundance peaking at moderate values of the covariate, then declining at high values. In particular, a large number of species were responsive to increasing values of average shrub height with six species having highest abundance at near-zero values of shrub height and abundance of four other species decreasing once heights reached moderate values (≤ 33 cm). Our findings suggest that increases in shrub cover and density will negatively affect abundance of only a few bird species and may potentially be beneficial for many others. As shrub height increases further, however, a considerable number of tundra bird species will likely find habitat increasingly unsuitable.
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e753ede4b09da6799c0c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Sarah J. 0000-0002-5733-8198 sjthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-8198","contributorId":5434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Sarah","email":"sjthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Rachel M. 0000-0001-8501-250X rrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-250X","contributorId":205918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Rachel","email":"rrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNew, Lance B.","contributorId":190322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNew","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178008,"text":"70178008 - 2016 - A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:24:24.661032","indexId":"70178008","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Flow 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J.E., Mason,, R., and Cohn, T., 2016, A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States, in River Flow 2016, p. 724-728.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"728","ipdsId":"IP-074015","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/river-flow-2016-george-constantinescu-marcelo-garcia-dan-hanes/10.1201/9781315644479"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e60e4b06911a29fa852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason,, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":176493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184987,"text":"70184987 - 2016 - Pb-Sr isotopic and geochemical constraints on sources and processes of lead contamination in well waters and soil from former fruit orchards, Pennsylvania, USA: A legacy of anthropogenic activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T13:29:57","indexId":"70184987","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-Sr isotopic and geochemical constraints on sources and processes of lead contamination in well waters and soil from former fruit orchards, Pennsylvania, USA: A legacy of anthropogenic activities","docAbstract":"Isotopic discrimination can be an effective tool in establishing a direct link between sources of Pb contamination and the presence of anomalously high concentrations of Pb in waters, soils, and organisms. Residential wells supplying water containing up to 1600 ppb Pb to houses built on the former Mohr orchards commercial site, near Allentown, PA, were evaluated to discern anthropogenic from geogenic sources. Pb (n = 144) and Sr (n = 40) isotopic data and REE (n = 29) data were determined for waters from residential wells, test wells (drilled for this study), and surface waters from pond and creeks. Local soils, sediments, bedrock, Zn-Pb mineralization and coal were also analyzed (n = 94), together with locally used Pb-As pesticide (n = 5). Waters from residential and test wells show overlapping values of 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/207Pb and 87Sr/86Sr. Larger negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*) distinguish residential wells from test wells. Results show that residential and test well waters, sediments from residential water filters in water tanks, and surface waters display broad linear trends in Pb isotope plots. Pb isotope data for soils, bedrock, and pesticides have contrasting ranges and overlapping trends. Contributions of Pb from soils to residential well waters are limited and implicated primarily in wells having shallow water-bearing zones and carrying high sediment contents. Pb isotope data for residential wells, test wells, and surface waters show substantial overlap with Pb data reflecting anthropogenic actions (e.g., burning fossil fuels, industrial and urban processing activities). Limited contributions of Pb from bedrock, soils, and pesticides are evident. High Pb concentrations in the residential waters are likely related to sediment build up in residential water tanks. Redox reactions, triggered by influx of groundwater via wells into the residential water systems and leading to subtle changes in pH, are implicated in precipitation of Fe oxyhydroxides, oxidative scavenging of Ce(IV), and desorption and release of Pb into the residential water systems. The Pb isotope features in the residences and the region are best interpreted as reflecting a legacy of industrial Pb present in underlying aquifers that currently supply the drinking water wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.08.008","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., and Foley, N.K., 2016, Pb-Sr isotopic and geochemical constraints on sources and processes of lead contamination in well waters and soil from former fruit orchards, Pennsylvania, USA: A legacy of anthropogenic activities: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 170, p. 125-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.08.008.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","ipdsId":"IP-070677","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9fe4b0849ce9795e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}