{"pageNumber":"1069","pageRowStart":"26700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70032339,"text":"70032339 - 2004 - Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032339","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation","docAbstract":"The concept of environmental degradation has evolved with the development of human society and settlement. In early human development, tribes went through a series of cycles of taming or developing mastery over the environment, to utilizing the resources of that environment until they could no longer support the population, which lead to moving on to do it again in a new area. There seems to have been little sense that human activity was causing any degradation, it was only that there was no longer enough food. This sense of the concept of degradation can even be seen as late as the 16th and 17th centuries in North America as Europeans \"tamed\" the land from the south, east, and north. For the Europeans, this taming of the \"dangerous\" and \"inhospitable\" lands even included the indigenous peoples. World-wide, as humans gathered into towns and cities, the impacts on the environment became increasingly widespread. Goods had to be brought to the people from further and further away. While agriculture and herd management were being developed, there was still the sense that these activities were improvements. It is a rather modern social understanding that human activities can and do damage and degrade natural ecosystems. The concept began to dawn when society began to understand that some activities caused degraded human health. Only recently has society begun to understand the need for generally healthy natural ecosystems and this understanding has brought with it a whole host of legal and political actions to make it happpen. ?? International Scientific Publications, New Delhi.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences","language":"English","issn":"03770","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., 2004, Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation, <i>in</i> International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, v. 30, no. 3, p. 163-168.","startPage":"163","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3197e4b0c8380cd5e05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035185,"text":"70035185 - 2004 - Modeling the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T13:42:13","indexId":"70035185","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system","docAbstract":"<p><span>The development of a regional ground-water flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States is discussed in the context of the fourteen guidelines of Hill. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and to direct further model development and data collection.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)19","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"D’Agnese, F.A., Faunt, C., and Hill, M.C., 2004, Modeling the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)19.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)19"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.8837890625,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.8837890625,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c37e4b0c8380cd6faf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035475,"text":"70035475 - 2004 - Local sediment scour model tests for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge piers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035475","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Local sediment scour model tests for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge piers","docAbstract":"The Woodrow Wilson Bridge on I-495 over the Potomac River in Prince Georges County, Maryland is being replaced. Physical local scour model studies for the proposed piers for the new bridge were performed in order to help establish design scour depths. Tests were conducted in two different flumes, one in the USGS-BRD Conte Research Center in Turners Falls, Massachusetts and one in the FHWA Turner Fairbanks Laboratory in McLean, Virginia. Due to space limitations in this publication only the tests conducted in the USGS flume are presented in this paper. Two different pier designs were tested. One of the piers was also tested with two different diameter dolphin systems. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)132","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Jones, J., Odeh, M., and Glasser, T., 2004, Local sediment scour model tests for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge piers, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)132.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)132"},{"id":242914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e5e4b0c8380cd681df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J.S.","contributorId":23241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glasser, T.","contributorId":60421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasser","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035474,"text":"70035474 - 2004 - Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields","docAbstract":"Understanding the flow paths in the vicinity of water well intakes is critical in the design of effective wellhead protection strategies for heterogeneous carbonate aquifers. High-resolution flow logs can be combined with geophysical logs and borehole-wall-image logs (acoustic televiewer) to identify the porous beds, solution openings, and fractures serving as conduits connecting the well bore to the aquifer. Qualitative methods of flow log analysis estimate the relative transmissivity of each water-producing zone, but do not indicate how those zones are connected to the far-field aquifer. Borehole flow modeling techniques can be used to provide quantitative estimates of both transmissivity and far-field hydraulic head in each producing zone. These data can be used to infer how the individual zones are connected with each other, and to the surrounding large-scale aquifer. Such information is useful in land-use planning and the design of well intakes to prevent entrainment of contaminants into water-supply systems. Specific examples of flow log applications in the identification of flow paths in operating wellfields are given for sites in Austin and Faribault, Minnesota. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)384","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., and Lundy, J., 2004, Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)384.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)384"},{"id":242913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc037e4b08c986b329fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.","contributorId":73372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundy, J.","contributorId":38380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027021,"text":"70027021 - 2004 - Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027021","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach","docAbstract":"Because of highly dissipative conditions and strong alongshore gradients in foreshore beach morphology, wave run-up data collected along the central Oregon coast during February 1996 stand in contrast to run-up data currently available in the literature. During a single data run lasting approximately 90 min, the significant vertical run-up elevation varied by a factor of 2 along the 1.6 km study site, ranging from 26 to 61% of the offshore significant wave height, and was found to be linearly dependent on the local foreshore beach slope that varied by a factor of 5. Run-up motions on this high-energy dissipative beach were dominated by infragravity (low frequency) energy with peak periods of approximately 230 s. Incident band energy levels were 2.5 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the low-frequency spectral peaks and typically 96% of the run-up variance was in the infragravity band. A broad region of the run-up spectra exhibited an f-4 roll off, typical of saturation, extending to frequencies lower than observed in previous studies. The run-up spectra were dependent on beach slope with spectra for steeper foreshore slopes shifted toward higher frequencies than spectra for shallower foreshore slopes. At infragravity frequencies, run-up motions were coherent over alongshore length scales in excess of 1 km, significantly greater than decorrelation length scales on moderate to reflective beaches. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JC002160","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Holman, R., and Beach, R., 2004, Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 109, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478105,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jc002160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160"},{"id":235586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf96e4b08c986b32e9ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beach, R.A.","contributorId":31958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026759,"text":"70026759 - 2004 - Recent increases in sediment and nutrient accumulation in Bear Lake, Utah/Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026759","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent increases in sediment and nutrient accumulation in Bear Lake, Utah/Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"This study examines historical changes in sediment and nutrient accumulation rates in Bear Lake along the northeastern Utah/Idaho border, USA. Two sediment cores were dated by measuring excess 210Pb activities and applying the constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model. Historical rates of bulk sediment accumulation were calculated based on the ages within the sediment cores. Bulk sediment accumulation rates increased throughout the last 100 years. According to the CRS model, bulk sediment accumulation rates were <25mg cm-2 year-1 prior to 1935. Between 1935 and 1980, bulk sediment accumulation rates increased to approximately 40mg cm -2 year-1. This increase in sediment accumulation probably resulted from the re-connection of Bear River to Bear Lake. Bulk sediment accumulation rates accelerated again after 1980. Accumulation rates of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total organic carbon (TOC) were calculated by multiplying bulk sediment accumulation rates times the concentrations of these nutrients in the sediment. Accumulation rates of TP, TN, TIC, and TOC increased as a consequence of increased bulk sediment accumulation rates after the re-connection of Bear River with Bear Lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038865.16732.09","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Smoak, J., and Swarzenski, P., 2004, Recent increases in sediment and nutrient accumulation in Bear Lake, Utah/Idaho, USA: Hydrobiologia, v. 525, no. 1-3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038865.16732.09.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502511,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.usfsp.edu/fac_publications/1322","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038865.16732.09"}],"volume":"525","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9623e4b0c8380cd81e15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoak, J.M.","contributorId":40384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026756,"text":"70026756 - 2004 - Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:14:51","indexId":"70026756","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The fringing coral reef off the south coast of Molokai, Hawaii is currently being studied as part of a US Geological Survey (USGS) multi-disciplinary project that focuses on geologic and oceanographic processes that affect coral reef systems. For this investigation, four instrument packages were deployed across the fringing coral reef during the summer of 2001 to understand the processes governing fine-grained terrestrial sediment suspension on the shallow reef flat (h=1m) and its advection across the reef crest and onto the deeper fore reef. The time-series measurements suggest the following conceptual model of water and fine-grained sediment transport across the reef: Relatively cool, clear water flows up onto the reef flat during flooding tides. At high tide, more deep-water wave energy is able to propagate onto the reef flat and larger Trade wind-driven waves can develop on the reef flat, thereby increasing sediment suspension. Trade wind-driven surface currents and wave breaking at the reef crest cause setup of water on the reef flat, further increasing the water depth and enhancing the development of depth-limited waves and sediment suspension. As the tide ebbs, the water and associated suspended sediment on the reef flat drains off the reef flat and is advected offshore and to the west by Trade wind- and tidally- driven currents. Observations on the fore reef show relatively high turbidity throughout the water column during the ebb tide. It therefore appears that high suspended sediment concentrations on the deeper fore reef, where active coral growth is at a maximum, are dynamically linked to processes on the muddy, shallow reef flat.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Ogston, A., Bothner, M., Field, M., and Presto, M., 2004, Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 24, no. 12, p. 1397-1419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1629","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              21.256101625916397\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.256101625916397\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026754,"text":"70026754 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026754","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"This paper applies nonlinear three-dimensional travel time tomography to refraction data recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) to derive the first large-scale, high-resolution upper crustal velocity model for southwestern British Columbia. A minimum structure P wave velocity model is constructed using 175,000 first arrival travel times picked from data recorded by 58 temporary onshore stations. The model details forearc crustal structures related to terrane accretion and subsequent basin formation to a depth of about 10 km. The Metchosin igneous complex (correlative with the Eocene Crescent-Siletz Terrane in Washington) is imaged as a laterally extensive WNW trending high-velocity anomaly underlying southernmost Vancouver Island and much of the Strait of Juan du Fuca. Northeast of the Strait of Georgia, the southwesterly dip of the contact between the Wrangellia terrane rocks of Vancouver Island and the Coast Plutonic Complex suggests Wrangellia rocks are down-faulted against the plutonic complex. At the southwestern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the 50 km long WNW trending Clallam basin has a maximum thickness of 5-6 km. Near the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Port Townsend basin has an inferred thickness of approximately 4-5 km. The southern end of the 9 km thick Georgia basin is bounded by a high-velocity basement ridge. Beneath the Strait of Georgia, clusters of well-located earthquakes have a prominent NW trend and coincide spatially with rapid lateral velocity changes. Clusters of microearthquakes there are associated with the intersection of several east trending structural highs within this NW trend. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002826","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ramachandran, K., Dosso, S., Zelt, C., Spence, G., Hyndman, R., and Brocher, T., 2004, Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478255,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002826","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826"},{"id":233961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd55e4b08c986b328f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dosso, S.E.","contributorId":45085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dosso","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026751,"text":"70026751 - 2004 - Wind-related processes detected by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T15:01:10","indexId":"70026751","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind-related processes detected by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed toward the south-southeast, suggesting active winds from the north-northwest at the time (midday) of the abrasion operations. Characteristics of some rocks, such as a two-toned appearance, suggest that they were possibly buried and exhumed on the order of 5 to 60 centimeters by wind deflation, depending on location.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1100108","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R., Bartlett, P., Bell, J., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Farmer, J., Farrand, B., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Grant, J.A., Haldemann, A.F., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J., Landis, G., Madsen, M., McLennan, S., Moersch, J., Rice, J.W., Richter, L., Ruff, S., Sullivan, R., Thompson, S., Wang, A., Weitz, C., and Whelley, P., 2004, Wind-related processes detected by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater, Mars: Science, v. 305, no. 5685, p. 810-821, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100108.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"810","endPage":"821","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"305","issue":"5685","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd125e4b08c986b32f26a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, S. 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,{"id":70026746,"text":"70026746 - 2004 - Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-13T16:38:53.500575","indexId":"70026746","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation","docAbstract":"We modify a method of estimating size-age relations from a minimal set of individual increment data, recognizing that growth depends not only on size but also varies greatly among individuals and is consistent within an individual for several to many time intervals. The method is exemplified with data from a long-lived desert plant and a range of autocorrelation factors encompassing field-measured values. The results suggest that age estimates based on size and growth rates with only moderate autocorrelation are subject to large variation, which raises major problems for prediction or hindcasting for ecological analysis or management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-3115","usgsCitation":"Bullock, S., Turner, R.M., Hastings, J., Escoto-Rodriguez, M., Lopez, Z., and Rodrigues-Navarro, J.L., 2004, Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation: Ecology, v. 85, no. 8, p. 2114-2117, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-3115.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2114","endPage":"2117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14ee4b08c986b32a503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, S.H.","contributorId":18547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, J.R.","contributorId":58063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escoto-Rodriguez, M.","contributorId":90509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escoto-Rodriguez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez, Z.R.A.","contributorId":98508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Z.R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodrigues-Navarro, J. L.","contributorId":15381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigues-Navarro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026745,"text":"70026745 - 2004 - The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026745","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Storms are one of the most important controls on the cycle of erosion and accretion on beaches. Current meters placed in shoreface locations of Saco Bay and Wells Embayment, ME, recorded bottom currents during the winter months of 2000 and 2001, while teams of volunteers profiled the topography of nearby beaches. Coupling offshore meteorological and beach profile data made it possible to determine the response of nine beaches in southern Maine to various oceanographic and meteorological conditions. The beaches selected for profiling ranged from pristine to completely developed and permitted further examination of the role of seawalls on the response of beaches to storms. Current meters documented three unique types of storms: frontal passages, southwest storms, and northeast storms. In general, the current meter results indicate that frontal passages and southwest storms were responsible for bringing sediment towards the shore, while northeast storms resulted in a net movement of sediment away from the beach. During the 1999-2000 winter, there were a greater percentage of frontal passages and southwest storms, while during the 2000-2001 winter, there were more northeast storms. The sediment that was transported landward during the 1999-2000 winter was reworked into the berm along moderately and highly developed beaches during the next summer. A northeast storm on March 5-6, 2001, resulted in currents in excess of 1 m s-1 and wave heights that reached six meters. The storm persisted over 10 high tides and caused coastal flooding and property damage. Topographic profiles made before and after the storm demonstrate that developed beaches experienced a loss of sediment volume during the storm, while sediment was redistributed along the profile on moderately developed and undeveloped beaches. Two months after the storm, the profiles along the developed beaches had not reached their pre-storm elevation. In comparison, the moderately developed and undeveloped beaches reached and exceeded their pre-storm elevation and began to show berm buildup characteristic of the summer months. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hill, H., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., and Dickson, S., 2004, The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA: Marine Geology, v. 210, no. 1-4, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008"},{"id":233958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab9fe4b08c986b322f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, H.W.","contributorId":62379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickson, S.M.","contributorId":74905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026742,"text":"70026742 - 2004 - Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T14:21:21","indexId":"70026742","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater","docAbstract":"Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1100175","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bell, J., Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R., Arneson, H., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Calvin, W., Farmer, J., Farrand, W.H., Goetz, W., Golombek, M., Grant, J.A., Greeley, R., Guinness, E., Hayes, A., Hubbard, M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, M.J., Johnson, J.R., Joseph, J., Kinch, K., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M., Maki, J., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McLennan, S., McSween, H., Ming, D.W., Moersch, J., Morris, R., Dobrea, E., Parker, T.J., Proton, J., Rice, J.W., Seelos, F., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L.A., Sohl-Dickstein, J.N., Sullivan, R., Wolff, M., and Wang, A., 2004, Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater: Science, v. 305, no. 5685, p. 800-806, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100175.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129786","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"305","issue":"5685","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74b1e4b0c8380cd77791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J.F. 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Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Seelos, F.","contributorId":34635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Sohl-Dickstein, J. N.","contributorId":72171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl-Dickstein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Wolff, M.J.","contributorId":64374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44}]}}
,{"id":70026740,"text":"70026740 - 2004 - Flood-formed dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Morphology, modeling, and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026740","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood-formed dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Morphology, modeling, and implications","docAbstract":"Estimates of discharge for martian outflow channels have spanned orders of magnitude due in part to uncertainties in floodwater height. A methodology of estimating discharge based on bedforms would reduce some of this uncertainty. Such a methodology based on the morphology and granulometry of flood-formed ('diluvial') dunes has been developed by Carling (1996b, in: Branson, J., Brown, A.G., Gregory, K.J. (Eds.), Global Continental Changes: The Context of Palaeohydrology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 115, London, UK, 165-179) and applied to Pleistocene flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Transverse periodic dune-like bedforms in Athabasca Valles, Mars, have previously been classified both as flood-formed dunes and as antidunes. Either interpretation is important, as they both imply substantial quantities of water, but each has different hydraulic implications. We undertook photoclinometric measurements of these forms, and compared them with data from flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Our analysis of those data shows their morphology to be more consistent with dunes than antidunes, thus providing the first documentation of flood-formed dunes on Mars. Other reasoning based on context and likely hydraulics also supports the bedforms' classification as dunes. Evidence does not support the dunes being aeolian, although a conclusive determination cannot be made with present data. Given the preponderance of evidence that the features are flood-formed instead of aeolian, we applied Carling's (1996b, in: Branson, J., Brown, A.G., Gregory, K.J. (Eds.), Global Continental Changes: The Context of Palaeohydrology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 115, London, UK, 165-179) dune-flow model to derive the peak discharge of the flood flow that formed them. The resultant estimate is approximately 2??106 m3/s, similar to previous estimates. The size of the Athabascan dunes' in comparison with that of terrestrial dunes suggests that these martian dunes took at least 1-2 days to grow. Their flattened morphology implies that they were formed at high subcritical flow and that the flood flow that formed them receded very quickly. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Burr, D., Carling, P., Beyer, R., and Lancaster, N., 2004, Flood-formed dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Morphology, modeling, and implications: Icarus, v. 171, no. 1, p. 68-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.013.","startPage":"68","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.013"},{"id":233991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a115ee4b0c8380cd53f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burr, D.M.","contributorId":60420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carling, P.A.","contributorId":98085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carling","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beyer, R.A.","contributorId":82439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026739,"text":"70026739 - 2004 - Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026739","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives","docAbstract":"Age structure, total annual mortality, and mortality caps (maximum mortality thresholds established by managers) were investigated for walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) populations sampled from eight Kansas reservoirs during 1991-1999. We assessed age structure by examining the relative frequency of different ages in the population; total annual mortality of age-2 and older walleyes was estimated by use of a weighted catch curve. To evaluate the utility of mortality caps, we modeled threshold values of mortality by varying growth rates and management objectives. Estimated mortality thresholds were then compared with observed growth and mortality rates. The maximum age of walleyes varied from 5 to 11 years across reservoirs. Age structure was dominated (???72%) by walleyes age 3 and younger in all reservoirs, corresponding to ages that were not yet vulnerable to harvest. Total annual mortality rates varied from 40.7% to 59.5% across reservoirs and averaged 51.1% overall (SE = 2.3). Analysis of mortality caps indicated that a management objective of 500 mm for the mean length of walleyes harvested by anglers was realistic for all reservoirs with a 457-mm minimum length limit but not for those with a 381-mm minimum length limit. For a 500-mm mean length objective to be realized for reservoirs with a 381-mm length limit, managers must either reduce mortality rates (e.g., through restrictive harvest regulations) or increase growth of walleyes. When the assumed objective was to maintain the mean length of harvested walleyes at current levels, the observed annual mortality rates were below the mortality cap for all reservoirs except one. Mortality caps also provided insight on management objectives expressed in terms of proportional stock density (PSD). Results indicated that a PSD objective of 20-40 was realistic for most reservoirs. This study provides important walleye mortality information that can be used for monitoring or for inclusion into population models; these results can also be combined with those of other studies to investigate large-scale differences in walleye mortality. Our analysis illustrates the utility of mortality caps for monitoring walleye populations and for establishing realistic management goals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-193.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Stephen, J., Guy, C., and Schultz, R., 2004, Age structure and mortality of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: Use of mortality caps to establish realistic management objectives: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 990-1002, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-193.1.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-193.1"},{"id":233956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f4e4b0c8380cd47fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephen, J.L.","contributorId":84126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, R.D.","contributorId":66889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026734,"text":"70026734 - 2004 - Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026734","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Improved interpretations of the strength of the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA based on thermal data require quantification of processes causing significant scatter and uncertainty in existing heat flow data. These effects include topographic refraction, heat advection by topographically-driven groundwater flow, and uncertainty in thermal conductivity. Here, we re-evaluate the heat flow data in this area by correcting for full 3-D terrain effects. We then investigate the potential role of groundwater flow in redistributing fault-generated heat, using numerical models of coupled heat and fluid flow for a wide range of hydrologic scenarios. We find that a large degree of the scatter in the data can be accounted for by 3-D terrain effects, and that for plausible groundwater flow scenarios frictional heat generated along a strong fault is unlikely to be redistributed by topographically-driven groundwater flow in a manner consistent with the 3-D corrected data. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019378","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., Harris, R., and Bekins, B., 2004, Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378"},{"id":234460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9572e4b0c8380cd81a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Reid N.","contributorId":54568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Reid N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026733,"text":"70026733 - 2004 - Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026733","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2797,"text":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents","docAbstract":"Effluents from pulp and paper mills that historically have used elemental chlorine in the bleaching process have been implicated in inhibiting reproduction in fish. Compounds with estrogenic and androgenic binding affinities have been found in these effluents, suggesting that the impairment of reproduction is through an endocrine-related mode of action. To date, a great deal of attention has been paid to phytoestrogens and resin acids that are present in mill process streams as a result of pulping trees. Estrogen and estrogen mimics interact directly with the estrogen receptor and have near immediate effects on gene transcription by turning on the expression of a unique set of genes. Using differential display (DD) RT-PCR, we examined changes in gene expression induced by exposure to paper mill effluents. Largemouth bass were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% paper mill effluent concentrations in large flow-through tanks for varied periods of time including 7, 28 or 56 days. Plasma hormone levels in males and females and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) in females decreased with dose and time. Measurements of changes in gene expression using DD RT-PCR suggest that the gene expression patterns of male fish do not change much with exposure, except for the induction of a few genes including CYP 1A, a protein that is induced through the action of the Ah receptor in response to dioxin and similar polyaromatic hydrocarbons. However, in the case of females, exposure to these effluents resulted in an up-regulation of CYP 1A that was accompanied by a generalized down-regulation of genes normally expressed during the reproductive season. These antiestrogenic changes are in agreement with previous studies in bass exposed to these effluents, and could result in decreased reproductive success in affected populations. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001","issn":"00275107","usgsCitation":"Denslow, N., Kocerha, J., Sepulveda, M.S., Gross, T., and Holm, S.E., 2004, Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents: Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, v. 552, no. 1-2, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.001"},{"id":234427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"552","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f8e4b0c8380cd54c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocerha, J.","contributorId":34302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocerha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, Timothy","contributorId":40390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holm, S. E.","contributorId":49315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026732,"text":"70026732 - 2004 - Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026732","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778389","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R., Collins, B., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., and Carver, G., 2004, Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389"},{"id":234426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c7e4b0c8380cd5a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.","contributorId":98087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, D.","contributorId":64000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carver, G.","contributorId":97681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026731,"text":"70026731 - 2004 - Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:47:14","indexId":"70026731","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>The&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;of uranyl on standard Georgia kaolinites (KGa-1 and KGa-1B) was studied as a function of pH (3–10), total U (1 and 10 μmol/l), and mass loading of clay (4 and 40 g/l). The uptake of uranyl in air-equilibrated systems increased with pH and reached a maximum in the near-neutral pH range. At higher pH values, the&nbsp;sorption&nbsp;decreased due to the presence of aqueous uranyl carbonate complexes. One&nbsp;kaolinite&nbsp;sample was examined after the uranyl uptake experiments by&nbsp;transmission electron microscopy&nbsp;(TEM), using energy dispersive&nbsp;X-ray spectroscopy&nbsp;(EDS) to determine the U content. It was found that&nbsp;uraniumwas preferentially adsorbed by Ti-rich impurity phases (predominantly anatase), which are present in the kaolinite samples. Uranyl sorption on the Georgia kaolinites was simulated with U sorption reactions on both titanol and aluminol sites, using a simple non-electrostatic surface&nbsp;complexation&nbsp;model (SCM). The relative amounts of U-binding &gt;TiOH and &gt;AlOH sites were estimated from the TEM/EDS results. A ternary uranyl carbonate complex on the titanol site improved the fit to the experimental data in the higher pH range. The final model contained only three optimised log&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values, and was able to simulate adsorption data across a wide range of experimental conditions. The &gt;TiOH (anatase) sites appear to play an important role in retaining U at low uranyl concentrations. As kaolinite often contains trace TiO<sub>2</sub><span>, its presence may need to be taken into account when modelling the results of sorption experiments with&nbsp;radionuclides&nbsp;or&nbsp;trace metals&nbsp;on kaolinite.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013","issn":"01691317","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Lumpkin, G., Chisari, R., and Waite, T., 2004, Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite: Applied Clay Science, v. 26, no. 1-4 , p. 151-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42341","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9be4b08c986b31e6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumpkin, G.R.","contributorId":87728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumpkin","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chisari, R.","contributorId":37124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chisari","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026730,"text":"70026730 - 2004 - Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026730","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","docAbstract":"Interpretations of visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of Mars are often complicated by the effects of dust coatings that obscure the underlying materials of interest. The ability to separate the spectral reflectance signatures of coatings and substrates requires an understanding of how their individual and combined reflectance properties vary with phase angle. Toward this end, laboratory multispectral observations of rocks coated with different amounts of Mars analog dust were acquired under variable illumination and viewing geometries using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer (BUG). These bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data were fit with a two-layer radiative transfer model, which replicated BUG observations of dust-coated basaltic andesite substrates relatively well. Derived single scattering albedo and phase function parameters for the dust were useful in testing the model's ability to derive the spectrum of a \"blind\" substrate (unknown to the modeler) coated with dust. Subsequent tests were run using subsets of the BUG data restricted by goniometric or coating thickness coverage. Using the entire data set provided the best constraints on model parameters, although some reductions in goniometric coverage could be tolerated without substantial degradation. Predictably, the most thinly coated samples provided the best information on the substrate, whereas the thickest coatings best replicated the dust. Dust zenith optical thickness values ???0.6-0.8 best constrain the substrate and coating simultaneously, particularly for large ranges of incidence or emission angles. The lack of sufficient angles can be offset by having a greater number and range of coatings thicknesses. Given few angles and thicknesses, few constraints can be placed concurrently on the spectral properties of the coating and substrate. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Grundy, W., and Shepard, M., 2004, Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks: Icarus, v. 171, no. 2, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013"},{"id":234458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc28ce4b08c986b32abf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, W.M.","contributorId":12659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shepard, M.K.","contributorId":23725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026729,"text":"70026729 - 2004 - Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026729","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts, a community of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses that live on the soil surface, occur in deserts throughout the world. They are a critical component of desert ecosystems, as they are important contributors to soil fertility and stability. Future climate scenarios predict alteration of the timing and amount of precipitation in desert environments. Because biological soil crust organisms are only metabolically active when wet, and as soil surfaces dry quickly in deserts during late spring, summer, and early fall, the amount and timing of precipitation is likely to have significant impacts on the physiological functioning of these communities. Using the three dominant soil crust types found in the western United States, we applied three levels of precipitation frequency (50% below-average, average, and 50% above-average) while maintaining average precipitation amount (therefore changing both timing and size of applied events). We measured the impact of these treatments on photosynthetic performance (as indicated by dark-adapted quantum yield and chlorophyll a concentrations), nitrogenase activity, and the ability of these organisms to maintain concentrations of radiation-protective pigments (scytonemin, beta-carotene, echinenone, xanthophylls, and canthaxanthin). Increased precipitation frequency produced little response after 2.5 months exposure during spring (1 April-15 June) or summer (15 June-31 August). In contrast, most of the above variables had a large, negative response after exposure to increased precipitation frequency for 6 months spring-fall (1 April-31 October) treatment. The crusts dominated by the soil lichen Collema, being dark and protruding above the surface, dried the most rapidly, followed by the dark surface cyanobacterial crusts (Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus), and then by the light cyanobacterial crusts (Microcoleus). This order reflected the magnitude of the observed response: crusts dominated by the lichen Collema showed the largest decline in quantum yield, chlorophyll a, and protective pigments; crusts dominated by Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus showed an intermediate decline in these variables; and the crusts dominated by Microcoleus showed the least negative response. Most previous studies of crust response to radiation stress have been short-term laboratory studies, where organisms were watered and kept under moderate temperatures. Such conditions would give crust organisms access to ample carbon to respond to imposed stresses (e.g., production of UV-protective pigments, replacement of degraded chlorophyll). In contrast, our longer-term study showed that under field conditions of high air temperatures and frequent, small precipitation events, crust organisms appear unable to produce protective pigments in response to radiation stress, as they likely dried more quickly than when they received larger, less frequent events. Reduced activity time likely resulted in less carbon available to produce or repair chlorophyll a and/or protective pigments. Our findings may partially explain the global observation that soil lichen cover and richness declines as the frequency of summer rainfall increases. ?? Springer-Verlag 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Phillips, S.L., and Miller, M.E., 2004, Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency: Oecologia, v. 141, no. 2, p. 306-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6.","startPage":"306","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478194,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232743","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6"},{"id":234425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa41e4b0c8380cd86225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026727,"text":"70026727 - 2004 - Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:58:53","indexId":"70026727","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?","docAbstract":"<p>On several occasions, winter freezes have wrought severe destruction on Florida agriculture. A series of devastating freezes around the turn of the twentieth century, and again during the 1980s, were related to anomalies in the large-scale flow of the ocean–atmosphere system. During the twentieth century, substantial areas of wetlands in south Florida were drained and converted to agricultural land for winter fresh vegetable and sugarcane production. During this time, much of the citrus industry also was relocated to those areas to escape the risk of freeze farther to the north. The purpose of this paper is to present a modeling study designed to investigate whether the conversion of the wetlands to agriculture itself could have resulted in or exacerbated the severity of recent freezes in those agricultural areas of south Florida.</p><p>For three recent freeze events, a pair of simulations was undertaken with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. One member of each pair employed land surface properties that represent pre-1900s (near natural) land cover, whereas the other member of each pair employed data that represent near-current land-use patterns as derived from analysis of Landsat data valid for 1992/93. These two different land cover datasets capture well the conversion of wetlands to agriculture in south Florida during the twentieth century. Use of current land surface properties resulted in colder simulated minimum temperatures and temperatures that remained below freezing for a longer period at locations of key agricultural production centers in south Florida that were once natural wetlands. Examination of time series of the surface energy budget from one of the cases reveals that when natural land cover is used, a persistent moisture flux from the underlying wetlands during the nighttime hours served to prevent the development of below-freezing temperatures at those same locations. When the model results were subjected to an important sensitivity factor, the depth of standing water in the wetlands, the outcome remained consistent. These results provide another example of the potential for humans to perturb the climate system in ways that can have severe socioeconomic consequences by altering the land surface alone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.H., Pielke, R., and Steyaert, L.T., 2004, Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?: Monthly Weather Review, v. 132, no. 9, p. 2243-2258, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2243","endPage":"2258","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478195,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:htconw>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"132","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f82e4b0c8380cd5ce48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, C. H.","contributorId":31050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026724,"text":"70026724 - 2004 - Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026724","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","docAbstract":"Severe fire weather is a major determinant of fire size in coastal California; however, it is unclear to what extent antecedent climate also controls fire activity. This study investigates the relationship between fire activity and climate in central coastal and southern California. Climate variables included the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), total monthly precipitation, mean monthly maximum temperature and the autumn and winter Southern Oscillation Indices (SOI). For both the central coast and the south coast regions there was no significant relationship between growing season PDSI, precipitation or temperature and number of fires. When examined by season, summer temperatures were positively correlated with number of fires in the central coast and autumn PDSI and precipitation were negatively correlated with fire occurrence in the south coast region. Area burned was not correlated with any current year climate variables in southern California although, in the central coast, drought during spring and autumn were correlated, but explained less than 10% of the variation in the area burned. Although there was a modest relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and local climate parameters, there was only a relatively weak relationship with fire activity. The importance of autumn foehn winds is illustrated by the observation that large fires occur most commonly during the autumn, regardless of PDSI. Antecedent climate, however, does appear to play some role in determining the length of the fire season on these landscape as PDSI is consistently related to the occurrence of large fires that occur before or after the autumn months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF03037","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 2004, Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 13, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF03037.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF03037"},{"id":234357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b3e4b0c8380cd6166f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026723,"text":"70026723 - 2004 - Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026723","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","docAbstract":"Researchers have been coupling geographic information systems (GIS) data handling and processing capability to watershed and waterquality models for many years. This capability is suited for the development of databases appropriate for water modeling. However, it is rare for GIS to provide direct inputs to the models. To demonstrate the logical procedure of coupling GIS for model parameter extraction, we selected the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model. Investigators can generate data layers at various resolutions and resample to pixel sizes to support models at particular scales. We developed databases of elevation, land cover, and soils at various resolutions in four watersheds. The ability to use multiresolution databases for the generation of model parameters is problematic for grid-based models. We used database development procedures and observed the effects of resolution and resampling on GIS input datasets and parameters generated from those inputs for AGNPS. Results indicate that elevation values at specific points compare favorably between 3- and 30-m raster datasets. Categorical data analysis indicates that land cover classes vary significantly. Derived parameters parallel the results of the base GIS datasets. Analysis of data resampled from 30-m to 60-, 120-, 210-, 240-, 480-, 960-, and 1920-m pixels indicates a general degradation of both elevation and land cover correlations as resolution decreases. Initial evaluation of model output values for soluble nitrogen and phosphorous indicates similar degradation with resolution. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z","issn":"14355930","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Finn, M., Scheidt, D.J., Ruhl, S., Beard, T., and Bearden, M., 2004, Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 6, no. 3, p. 289-306, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z.","startPage":"289","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z"},{"id":234356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28aae4b0c8380cd5a2d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheidt, Daniel J.","contributorId":43393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruhl, S.","contributorId":44329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, T.","contributorId":36337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bearden, M.","contributorId":68510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026722,"text":"70026722 - 2004 - Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026722","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","docAbstract":"The stable isotope of oxygen, 18O, is used as a naturally occurring ground-water tracer. Time-series data for ??18O are analyzed to model the distinct responses and relative proportions of the conduit, intermediate, and diffuse flow components in karst aquifers. This analysis also describes mathematically the dynamics of the transient fluid interchange between conduits and diffusive networks. Conduit and intermediate flow are described by linear-systems methods, whereas diffuse flow is described by mass-balance methods. An automated optimization process estimates parameters of lognormal, Pearson type III, and gamma distributions, which are used as transfer functions in linear-systems analysis. Diffuse flow and mixing parameters also are estimated by these optimization methods. Results indicate the relative proximity of a well to a main conduit flowpath and can help to predict the movement and residence times of potential contaminants. The three-component linear model is applied to five wells, which respond to changes in the isotopic composition of point recharge water from a sinking stream in the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Flow velocities as much as 540 m/d and system memories of as much as 71 years are estimated by this method. Also, the mean, median, and standard deviation of traveltimes; time to peak response; and the relative fraction of flow for each of the three components are determined for these wells. This analysis infers that flow may branch apart and rejoin as a result of an anastomotic (or channeled) karst network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2004, Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 296, no. 1-4, p. 254-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023.","startPage":"254","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023"},{"id":234390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47c3e4b0c8380cd67963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026721,"text":"70026721 - 2004 - Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:53:41","indexId":"70026721","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","docAbstract":"Temperature anomalies associated with oil-producing structures in the US Midcontinent and similar cratonic areas probably can be used reliably as a passkey for petroleum exploration in mature areas, and thus the concept of hot anticlines could be a key to discovery. Analysis of accumulated data during the past several decades allows a definition of the problem of hot anticlines. A possible solution for migration and entrapment of petroleum can be explained by the Roberts temperature differential model and the Walters fluid-flow paradigm. In fact, if the Roberts model is valid, higher shallow temperatures, temperature gradients, or heat flow could indicate the entrapment of hydrocarbons at depth. The recognition and promotion of shallow \"hotspots\" as an exploration key is not new and was proposed years ago by Haas and Hoffmann, Kappelmeyer, and as recently as 1986 by Blackwell.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., 2004, Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 102, no. 32, p. 29-34.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-102/issue-32/exploration-development/subsurface-temperature-as-a-passkey-for-exploration-of-mature-basins-hot-anticlinesmdasha-key-to-discovery.html"}],"volume":"102","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d8ee4b08c986b31d8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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