Pumas Puma concolor are one of the most studied terrestrial carnivores because of their widespread distribution, substantial ecological impacts, and conflicts with humans. Over the past decade, managing pumas has involved extensive efforts including the use of genetic methods. Microsatellites have been the most commonly used genetic markers; however, technical artifacts and little overlap of frequently used loci render large-scale comparison of puma genetic data across studies challenging. Therefore, a panel of genetic markers that can produce consistent genotypes across studies without the need for extensive calibrations is essential for range-wide genetic management of puma populations. Here, we describe the development of PumaPlex, a high-throughput assay to genotype 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms in pumas. We validated PumaPlex in 748 North American pumas Puma concolor couguar, and demonstrated its ability to generate reproducible genotypes and accurately identify individuals. Furthermore, in a test using fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, we found that PumaPlex produced significantly more genotypes with fewer errors than 12 microsatellite loci, 8 of which are commonly used. Our results demonstrate that PumaPlex is a valuable tool for the genetic monitoring and management of North American puma populations. Given the analytical simplicity, reproducibility, and high-throughput capability of single nucleotide polymorphisms, PumaPlex provides a standard panel of markers that promotes the comparison of genotypes across studies and independent of the genotyping technology used.
\n\n
This is a 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles in the States of Washington and Oregon. The map area is within the Portland Basin and includes most of the city of Vancouver, Washington; parts of Clark County, Washington; and a small part of northwestern Multnomah County, Oregon. The Columbia River flows through the southern part of the map area, generally forming the southern limit of mapping. Mapped Quaternary geologic units include late Pleistocene cataclysmic flood deposits, eolian deposits, and alluvium of the Columbia River and its tributaries. Older deposits include Miocene to Pleistocene alluvium from an ancestral Columbia River. Regional geologic structures are not exposed in the map area but are inferred from nearby mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3357","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J.E., Cannon, C.M., Mangano, J.F., and Evarts, R.C., 2016, Geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3357, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3357.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 52.00 x 38.00 inches; Metadata; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065652","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321933,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3357/sim3357_shapefile.zip","text":"Shapefile","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3357 Shapefile"},{"id":321932,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3357/","text":"Geodatabase","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3357 Geodatabase"},{"id":399100,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104281.htm"},{"id":321931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3357/sim3357_metadata.zip","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3357 Metadata"},{"id":321930,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3357/sim3357.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3357 Sheet 1"},{"id":321929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3357/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","county":"Clark County, Multnomah County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Tabor quadrangle, Orchards quadrangle, Portland quadrangle, Vancouver quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75,\n 45.5861\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 45.5861\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 45.5861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
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Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
Few high-elevation tropical catchments worldwide are gauged and even fewer are studied using combined hydrometric and isotopic data. Consequently, we lack information needed to understand processes governing rainfall-runoff dynamics and to predict their influence on downstream ecosystem functioning. To address this need, we present a combination of hydrometric and water stable isotopic observations in the wet Andean páramo ecosystem of the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2). The catchment is located in the Andes of south Ecuador between 3400 and 3900 m a.s.l. Water samples for stable isotopic analysis were collected during 2 years (May 2011 – May 2013), while rainfall and runoff measurements were continuously recorded since late 2010. The isotopic data reveal that Andosol soils predominantly situated on hillslopes drain laterally to Histosols (Andean páramo wetlands) mainly located at the valley bottom. Histosols, in turn, feed water to creeks and small rivers throughout the year, establishing hydrologic connectivity between wetlands and the drainage network. Runoff is primarily comprised of pre-event water stored in the Histosols, which is replenished by rainfall that infiltrates through the Andosols. Contributions from the mineral horizon and the top of the fractured bedrock are small and only seem to influence discharge in small catchments during low flow generation (non-exceedance flows < Q35). Variations in source contributions are controlled by antecedent soil moisture, rainfall intensity, and duration of rainy periods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils, higher than the year-round low precipitation intensity, indicates that Hortonian overland flow rarely occurs during high intensity precipitation events. Deep groundwater contributions to discharge seem to be minimal. These results suggest that, in this high-elevation tropical ecosystem: 1) subsurface flow is a dominant hydrological process and 2) (Histosols) wetlands are the major source of stream runoff. Our study highlights that detailed isotopic characterization during short time periods provides valuable information about ecohydrological processes in regions where very few basins are gauged.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10927","usgsCitation":"Mosquera, G.M., Celleri, R., Lazo, P.X., Vache, K.B., Perakis, S.S., and Crespo, P., 2016, Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high-elevation tropical ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 17, p. 2930-2947, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10927.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2930","endPage":"2947","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069702","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10927","text":"External Repository"},{"id":322091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Zhurucay River Ecohydrological Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 0.37353251022880474\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n -0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n -1.098565496040652\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n -1.7355743631421197\n ],\n [\n -77.89306640625,\n -2.5479878714713835\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n -3.5792127858606437\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n -4.740675384778361\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n -4.959615024698014\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n -4.477856485570586\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n -3.513421045640032\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n -2.04302395742204\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n -1.1644706071806057\n ],\n [\n -78.81591796875,\n 0.15380840901698828\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 0.5712795966325522\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 1.1425024037061522\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 0.7909904981540058\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 0.37353251022880474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57514a9be4b053f0edd01752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosquera, Giovanny M","contributorId":169918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosquera","given":"Giovanny","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celleri, Rolando","contributorId":169919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celleri","given":"Rolando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazo, Patricio X","contributorId":169920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazo","given":"Patricio","email":"","middleInitial":"X","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vache, Kellie B","contributorId":169922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vache","given":"Kellie","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crespo, Patricio","contributorId":169921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespo","given":"Patricio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170095,"text":"70170095 - 2016 - Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:48:44","indexId":"70170095","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-02T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species","docAbstract":"Conservation of imperiled species often requires knowledge of vital rates and population dynamics. However, these can be difficult to estimate for rare species and small populations. This problem is further exacerbated when individuals are not available for detection during some surveys due to limited access, delaying surveys and creating mismatches between the breeding behavior and survey timing. Here we use simulations to explore the impacts of this issue using four hypothetical boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) populations, representing combinations of logistical access (accessible, inaccessible) and breeding behavior (synchronous, asynchronous). We examine the bias and precision of survival and breeding probability estimates generated by survey designs that differ in effort and timing for these populations. Our findings indicate that the logistical access of a site and mismatch between the breeding behavior and survey design can greatly limit the ability to yield accurate and precise estimates of survival and breeding probabilities. Simulations similar to what we have performed can help researchers determine an optimal survey design(s) for their system before initiating sampling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.006","usgsCitation":"Lanier, W.E., Bailey, L., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species: Ecological Modelling, v. 335, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064688","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"335","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57514a9de4b053f0edd01768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanier, Wendy E.","contributorId":9013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170801,"text":"ofr20121024M - 2016 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70170801,"text":"ofr20121024M - 2016 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024M","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T15:51:58.652747","indexId":"ofr20121024M","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-02T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"M","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has completed an assessment of the potential geologic carbon dioxide storage resources in the onshore areas of the United States. To provide geological context and input data sources for the resources numbers, framework documents are being prepared for all areas that were investigated as part of the national assessment. This report, chapter M, is the geologic framework document for the Uinta and Piceance, San Juan, Paradox, Raton, Eastern Great, and Black Mesa Basins, and subbasins therein of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. In addition to a summary of the geology and petroleum resources of studied basins, the individual storage assessment units (SAUs) within the basins are described and explanations for their selection are presented. Although appendixes in the national assessment publications include the input values used to calculate the available storage resource, this framework document provides only the context and source of the input values selected by the assessment geologists. Spatial-data files of the boundaries for the SAUs, and the well-penetration density of known well bores that penetrate the SAU seal, are available for download with the release of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024M","usgsCitation":"Merrill, M.D., Drake, R.M., II, Buursink, M.L., Craddock, W.H., East, J.A., Slucher, E.R., Warwick, P.D., Brennan, S.T., Blondes, M.S., Freeman, P.A., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C.D., 2016, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins, chap. M of Warwick, P.D., and Corum, M.D., eds., Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1024–M, 59 p., at https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024M.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 60 p.; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056759","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322007,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20121024","text":"Geologic Framework for the National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources","linkHelpText":"- (Main Report)"},{"id":322003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":322005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/downloads/ofr2012-1024m_storage-assessment-units.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","size":"478 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"},{"id":322004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/ofr20121024m.pdf","text":"Report","size":"79.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"},{"id":322006,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/downloads/ofr2012-1024m_well-density.zip","text":"Well Density","size":"753 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin, Piceance Basin, San Juan Basin, Paradox Basin, Raton Basin, Eastern Great Basin, Black Mesa Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Energy Resources Program
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: gd-energyprogram@usgs.gov
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
AbouttheEnergyProgram.aspx
This paper provides guidelines on quantifying the relative horizontal and vertical errors observed between conjugate features in the overlapping regions of lidar data. The quantification of these errors is important because their presence quantifies the geometric quality of the data. A data set can be said to have good geometric quality if measurements of identical features, regardless of their position or orientation, yield identical results. Good geometric quality indicates that the data are produced using sensor models that are working as they are mathematically designed, and data acquisition processes are not introducing any unforeseen distortion in the data. High geometric quality also leads to high geolocation accuracy of the data when the data acquisition process includes coupling the sensor with geopositioning systems. Current specifications (e.g. Heidemann 2014) do not provide adequate means to quantitatively measure these errors, even though they are required to be reported. Current accuracy measurement and reporting practices followed in the industry and as recommended by data specification documents also potentially underestimate the inter-swath errors, including the presence of systematic errors in lidar data. Hence they pose a risk to the user in terms of data acceptance (i.e. a higher potential for Type II error indicating risk of accepting potentially unsuitable data). For example, if the overlap area is too small or if the sampled locations are close to the center of overlap, or if the errors are sampled in flat regions when there are residual pitch errors in the data, the resultant Root Mean Square Differences (RMSD) can still be small. To avoid this, the following are suggested to be used as criteria for defining the inter-swath quality of data:
a) Median Discrepancy Angle
b) Mean and RMSD of Horizontal Errors using DQM measured on sloping surfaces
c) RMSD for sampled locations from flat areas (defined as areas with less than 5 degrees of slope)
It is suggested that 4000-5000 points are uniformly sampled in the overlapping regions of the point cloud, and depending on the surface roughness, to measure the discrepancy between swaths. Care must be taken to sample only areas of single return points only. Point-to-Plane distance based data quality measures are determined for each sample point. These measurements are used to determine the above mentioned parameters. This paper details the measurements and analysis of measurements required to determine these metrics, i.e. Discrepancy Angle, Mean and RMSD of errors in flat regions and horizontal errors obtained using measurements extracted from sloping regions (slope greater than 10 degrees). The research is a result of an ad-hoc joint working group of the US Geological Survey and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Airborne Lidar Committee.
The Tree Cover Mapping (TCM) tool was developed by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center to allow a user to quickly map tree cover density over large areas using visual interpretation of high resolution imagery within a geographic information system interface. The TCM tool uses a systematic sample grid to produce maps of tree cover. The TCM tool allows the user to define sampling parameters to estimate tree cover within each sample unit. This mapping method generated the first on-farm tree cover maps of vast regions of Niger and Burkina Faso. The approach contributes to implementing integrated landscape management to scale up re-greening and restore degraded land in the drylands of Africa. The TCM tool is easy to operate, practical, and can be adapted to many other applications such as crop mapping, settlements mapping, or other features. This user manual provides step-by-step instructions for installing and using the tool, and creating tree cover maps. Familiarity with ArcMap tools and concepts is helpful for using the tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161067","usgsCitation":"Cotillon, Suzanne, and Mathis, Melissa, 2016, Tree cover mapping tool—documentation and user manual (ver. 1.0, March 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1067, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161067.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073965","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1067/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1067/ofr20161067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.20 MB","description":"OFR 2016–1067"},{"id":344363,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/downloads/sciweb1/shared/wafrica/downloads/tools/TreeCoverMapping10.x_Addins.zip","text":"Software Tool Download","description":"Software Tool Download"}],"contact":"Director
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The magnitude 4.0 earthquake that occurred on October 16, 2012, near Hollis Center and Waterboro in southwestern Maine surprised and startled local residents but caused only minor damage. A two-person U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team was sent to Maine to conduct an intensity survey and document the damage. The only damage we observed was the failure of a chimney and plaster cracks in two buildings in East and North Waterboro, 6 kilometers (km) west of the epicenter. We photographed the damage and interviewed residents to determine the intensity distribution in the epicentral area. The damage and shaking reports are consistent with a maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of 5–6 for an area 1–8 km west of the epicenter, slightly higher than the maximum Community Decimal Intensity (CDI) of 5 determined by the USGS “Did You Feel It?” Web site. The area of strong shaking in East Waterboro corresponds to updip rupture on a fault plane that dips steeply east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161071","usgsCitation":"Radakovich, A.L., Ferguson, A.J., and Boatwright, John, 2016, Field survey of earthquake effects from the magnitude 4.0 southern Maine earthquake of October 16, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1071, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161071. ","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1071/ofr20161071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1071"},{"id":322067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1071/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
The GIS Flood Tool (GFT) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance to provide a means for production of reconnaissance-level flood inundation mapping for data-sparse and resource-limited areas of the world. The GFT has also attracted interest as a tool for rapid assessment flood inundation mapping for the Flood Inundation Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The GFT can fill an important gap for communities that lack flood inundation mapping by providing a first-estimate of inundation zones, pending availability of resources to complete an engineering study. The tool can also help identify priority areas for application of scarce flood inundation mapping resources. The technical basis of the GFT is an application of the Manning equation for steady flow in an open channel, operating on specially processed digital elevation data. The GFT is implemented as a software extension in ArcGIS. Output maps from the GFT were validated at 11 sites with inundation maps produced previously by the Flood Inundation Mapping Program using standard one-dimensional hydraulic modeling techniques. In 80 percent of the cases, the GFT inundation patterns matched 75 percent or more of the one-dimensional hydraulic model inundation patterns. Lower rates of pattern agreement were seen at sites with low relief and subtle surface water divides. Although the GFT is simple to use, it should be applied with the oversight or review of a qualified hydraulic engineer who understands the simplifying assumptions of the approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Verdin, James; Verdin, Kristine; Mathis, Melissa; Magadzire, Tamuka; Kabuchanga, Eric; Woodbury, Mark; and Gadain, Hussein, 2016, A software tool for rapid flood inundation mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1038, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161038.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055868","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1038/ofr20161038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1038"},{"id":322104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1038/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey provided technical support to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry for site selection and sample collection and analysis in a 2012 investigation of groundwater quality from 29 private domestic water-supply wells in the vicinity of petroleum production in southwestern Indiana. Petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, aromatic volatile organic compounds, methane concentrations greater than 8,800 micrograms per liter, chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter, and gross alpha radioactivity greater than 15 picocuries per liter were reported in the analysis of groundwater samples from 11 wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161081","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Silcox, C.A., 2016, Groundwater quality from private domestic water-supply wells in the vicinity of petroleum production in southwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1081, 29 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161081.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Appendix tables","startPage":"1","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040076","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1081/ofr20161081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"791 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1081"},{"id":322061,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1081/ofr20161081_appendixtables.pdf","text":"Appendix Tables","description":"OFR 2016–1081 Appendix Tables"},{"id":322059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1081/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Vernon Consolidated Oilfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 37.83\n ],\n [\n -87.8,\n 37.83\n ],\n [\n -87.8,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46278–1996
Two test wells were completed at the Barbour Pointe community in western Chatham County, near Savannah, Georgia, in 2013 to investigate the potential of using the Lower Floridan aquifer as a source of municipal water supply. One well was completed in the Lower Floridan aquifer at a depth of 1,080 feet (ft) below land surface; the other well was completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer at a depth of 440 ft below land surface. At the Barbour Pointe test site, the U.S. Geological Survey completed electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter surveys, collected and analyzed water samples from discrete depths, and completed a 72-hour aquifer test of the Floridan aquifer system withdrawing from the Lower Floridan aquifer.
Based on drill cuttings, geophysical logs, and borehole EM flowmeter surveys collected at the Barbour Pointe test site, the Upper Floridan aquifer extends 369 to 567 ft below land surface, the middle semiconfining unit, separating the two aquifers, extends 567 to 714 ft below land surface, and the Lower Floridan aquifer extends 714 to 1,056 ft below land surface.
A borehole EM flowmeter survey indicates that the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers each contain four water-bearing zones. The EM flowmeter logs of the test hole open to the entire Floridan aquifer system indicated that the Upper Floridan aquifer contributed 91 percent of the total flow rate of 1,000 gallons per minute; the Lower Floridan aquifer contributed about 8 percent. Based on the transmissivity of the middle semiconfining unit and the Floridan aquifer system, the middle semiconfining unit probably contributed on the order of 1 percent of the total flow.
Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers were estimated based on results of the EM flowmeter survey and a 72-hour aquifer test completed in Lower Floridan aquifer well 36Q398. The EM flowmeter data were analyzed using an AnalyzeHOLE-generated model to simulate upward borehole flow and determine the transmissivity of water-bearing zones. Aquifer-test data were analyzed with a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, radial, transient, groundwater-flow model using MODFLOW–2005. The flowmeter-survey and aquifer-test simulations provided an estimated transmissivity of about 60,000 square feet per day for the Upper Floridan aquifer and about 5,000 square feet per day for the Lower Floridan aquifer.
Water in discrete-depth samples collected from the Upper Floridan aquifer, middle semiconfining unit, and Lower Floridan aquifer during the EM flowmeter survey in August 2013 was low in dissolved solids. Tested constituents were in concentrations within established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water-quality criteria. Concentrations of measured constituents in water samples from Lower Floridan aquifer well 36Q398 collected at the end of the 72-hour aquifer test in November 2013 were generally higher than in the discrete-depth samples collected during EM flowmeter testing in August 2013 but remained within established drinking water-quality criteria.
Water-level data for the aquifer test were filtered for external influences such as barometric pressure, earth-tide effects, and long-term trends to enable detection of small (less than 1 ft) water-level responses to aquifer-test withdrawal. During the 72-hour aquifer test, the Lower Floridan aquifer was pumped at a rate of 750 gallons per minute resulting in a drawdown response of 35.5 ft in the pumped well; 1.6 ft in the Lower Floridan aquifer observation well located about 6,000 ft west of the pumped well; and responses of 0.7, 0.6, and 0.4 ft in the Upper Floridan aquifer observation wells located about 36 ft, 6,000 ft, and 6,800 ft from the pumped well, respectively
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Consolidated Utilities LLC, Chatham County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G.J., and Clarke, J.S., 2016, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Floridan aquifer system and effect of Lower Floridan aquifer withdrawals on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Barbour Pointe Community, Chatham County, Georgia, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5028, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165028.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045188","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5028/sir20165028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5028"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Chatham County","city":"Savannah","otherGeospatial":"Barbour Pointe Community","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.75,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 31.75\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 31.75\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 32.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Georgia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, Georgia 30093
The California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii) is a threatened species in the United States that has undergone population declines, especially in southern California. Due to the lack of information on the status of Mexican populations, we surveyed for the presence of R. draytonii in Baja California and assessed possible threats to population persistence. Our study area extended from the U.S.-Mexican border to the southern end of the distribution of the species in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir. We found R. draytonii at six of 15 historical sites, none at five proxy sites (i.e., alternative sites chosen because the historical record lacked precise locality data), and four at 24 additional sites. The 10 occupied sites are within three watersheds in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (two sites at Arroyo San Rafael, two sites at Arroyo San Telmo, and six sites at Arroyo Santo Domingo). We did not detect R. draytonii at 60% of historical sites, including the highest elevation site at La Encantada and multiple low-elevation coastal drainages, suggesting the species has declined in Baja California. The threats we noted most frequently were presence of exotic aquatic animal species, water diversion, and cattle grazing. Management of remaining populations and local education is needed to prevent further declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Peralta-Garcia, A., Hellingsworth, B.D., Richmond, J.Q., Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H., Ruiz-Campos, G., Fisher, R.N., Cruz-Hernandez, P., and Galina-Tessaro, P., 2016, Status of the California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii) in the State of Baja California, México: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 168-180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066468","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol11_issue1.html"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja 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D.","contributorId":169075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellingsworth","given":"Bradford","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25410,"text":"Herpetology Dep't, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valdez-Villavicencio, Jorge 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rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cruz-Hernandez, Pedro","contributorId":169078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruz-Hernandez","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25413,"text":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Galina-Tessaro, Patricia","contributorId":169079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galina-Tessaro","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25409,"text":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Roroeste, La Paz, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70171534,"text":"70171534 - 2016 - Effects of turbidity on predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub to rainbow and brown trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T10:39:53","indexId":"70171534","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of turbidity on predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub to rainbow and brown trout","docAbstract":"Predation on juvenile native fish by introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta is considered a significant threat to the persistence of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Diet studies of rainbow and brown trout in Glen and Grand canyons indicate that these species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability is highly variable depending on the physical conditions under which the predation interactions take place. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to changes in turbidity. In overnight laboratory trials, we exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail Gila elegans (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units. We found that turbidity as low as 25 formazin nephlometric units significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% mean increase in survival (24–60%, 95% CI) compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 formazin nephlometric units also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival on average (17–32%, 95% CI). Understanding the effects of predation by trout on endangered humpback chub is important when evaluating management options aimed at preservation of native fishes in Grand Canyon National Park. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/102015-JFWM-101","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.L., Morton-Starner, R., and Vaage, B.M., 2016, Effects of turbidity on predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub to rainbow and brown trout: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3996/102015-JFWM-101.","productDescription":"8","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068566","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/102015-jfwm-101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b0e4b053f0edd03c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton-Starner, Rylan rmorton-starner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton-Starner","given":"Rylan","email":"rmorton-starner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaage, Benjamin M. bvaage@usgs.gov","contributorId":5983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaage","given":"Benjamin","email":"bvaage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171557,"text":"70171557 - 2016 - Biodiversity conservation and environmental change: Using palaeoecology to manage dynamic landscapes in the Anthropocene.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T09:15:12","indexId":"70171557","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3214,"text":"The Quarterly Review of Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity conservation and environmental change: Using palaeoecology to manage dynamic landscapes in the Anthropocene.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1086/686823","usgsCitation":"Yackulic, C.B., 2016, Biodiversity conservation and environmental change: Using palaeoecology to manage dynamic landscapes in the Anthropocene.: The Quarterly Review of Biology, p. 206-206, https://doi.org/10.1086/686823.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071669","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5752aa2de4b053f0edd13e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160311,"text":"70160311 - 2016 - A fault-based model for crustal deformation, fault slip-rates and off-fault strain rate in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T13:34:44","indexId":"70160311","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fault-based model for crustal deformation, fault slip-rates and off-fault strain rate in California","docAbstract":"We invert Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity data to estimate fault slip rates in California using a fault‐based crustal deformation model with geologic constraints. The model assumes buried elastic dislocations across the region using Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3 (UCERF3) fault geometries. New GPS velocity and geologic slip‐rate data were compiled by the UCERF3 deformation working group. The result of least‐squares inversion shows that the San Andreas fault slips at 19–22 mm/yr along Santa Cruz to the North Coast, 25–28 mm/yr along the central California creeping segment to the Carrizo Plain, 20–22 mm/yr along the Mojave, and 20–24 mm/yr along the Coachella to the Imperial Valley. Modeled slip rates are 7–16 mm/yr lower than the preferred geologic rates from the central California creeping section to the San Bernardino North section. For the Bartlett Springs section, fault slip rates of 7–9 mm/yr fall within the geologic bounds but are twice the preferred geologic rates. For the central and eastern Garlock, inverted slip rates of 7.5 and 4.9 mm/yr, respectively, match closely with the geologic rates. For the western Garlock, however, our result suggests a low slip rate of 1.7 mm/yr. Along the eastern California shear zone and southern Walker Lane, our model shows a cumulative slip rate of 6.2–6.9 mm/yr across its east–west transects, which is ∼1 mm/yr increase of the geologic estimates. For the off‐coast faults of central California, from Hosgri to San Gregorio, fault slips are modeled at 1–5 mm/yr, similar to the lower geologic bounds. For the off‐fault deformation, the total moment rate amounts to 0.88×1019 N·m/yr, with fast straining regions found around the Mendocino triple junction, Transverse Ranges and Garlock fault zones, Landers and Brawley seismic zones, and farther south. The overall California moment rate is 2.76×1019 N·m/yr, which is a 16% increase compared with the UCERF2 model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140250","usgsCitation":"Zeng, Y., and Shen, Z., 2016, A fault-based model for crustal deformation, fault slip-rates and off-fault strain rate in California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 766-784, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140250.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"784","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071033","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574ff91ae4b0ee97d51af4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua 0000-0003-1161-1264 zeng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-1264","contributorId":145693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Zheng-Kang","contributorId":145691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Zheng-Kang","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170936,"text":"70170936 - 2016 - Malberg mystery solved!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:47:17.361774","indexId":"70170936","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T11:46:07","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2093,"text":"International Wolf","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Malberg mystery solved!","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Wolf Magazine","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., 2016, Malberg mystery solved!: International Wolf, v. 26, no. 2, p. 22-23.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-069052","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321125,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wolf.org/wolf-info/wolf-magazine/magazine-archives/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.8125,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -89.5330810546875,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -89.5330810546875,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 47.368594345213374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":150236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171469,"text":"70171469 - 2016 - Larval long-toed salamanders incur nonconsumptive effects in the presence of nonnative trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:32:05","indexId":"70171469","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval long-toed salamanders incur nonconsumptive effects in the presence of nonnative trout","docAbstract":"Predators can influence prey directly through consumption or indirectly through nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) by altering prey behavior, morphology, and life history. We investigated whether predator-avoidance behaviors by larval long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in lakes with nonnative trout result in NCEs on morphology and development. Field studies in lakes with and without trout were corroborated by experimental enclosures, where prey were exposed only to visual and chemical cues of predators. We found that salamanders in lakes with trout were consistently smaller than in lakes without trout: 38% lower weight, 24% shorter body length, and 29% shorter tail length. Similarly, salamanders in protective enclosures grew 2.9 times slower when exposed to visual and olfactory trout cues than when no trout cues were present. Salamanders in trout-free lakes and enclosures were 22.7 times and 1.48 times, respectively, more likely to metamorphose during the summer season than those exposed to trout in lakes and/or their cues. Observed changes in larval growth rate and development likely resulted from a facultative response to predator-avoidance behavior and demonstrate NCEs occurred even when predation risk was only perceived. Reduced body size and growth, as well as delayed metamorphosis, could have ecological consequences for salamander populations existing with fish if those effects carry-over into lower recruitment, survival, and fecundity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1258","usgsCitation":"Kenison, E.K., Litt, A., Pilliod, D.S., and McMahon, T., 2016, Larval long-toed salamanders incur nonconsumptive effects in the presence of nonnative trout: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 5, e01258; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1258.","productDescription":"e01258; 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064789","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1258","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.1258/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Flathead River, Swan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 45.92822950933618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574ff91de4b0ee97d51af4e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenison, Erin K.","contributorId":169823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenison","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5120,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":22226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":93548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171471,"text":"70171471 - 2016 - At the nexus of fire, water and society","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T09:06:41","indexId":"70171471","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At the nexus of fire, water and society","docAbstract":"The societal risks of water scarcity and water-quality impairment have received considerable attention, evidenced by recent analyses of these topics by the 2030 Water Resources Group, the United Nations and the World Economic Forum. What are the effects of fire on the predicted water scarcity and declines in water quality? Drinking water supplies for humans, the emphasis of this exploration, are derived from several land cover types, including forests, grasslands and peatlands, which are vulnerable to fire. In the last two decades, fires have affected the water supply catchments of Denver (CO) and other southwestern US cities, and four major Australian cities including Sydney, Canberra, Adelaide and Melbourne. In the same time period, several, though not all, national, regional and global water assessments have included fire in evaluations of the risks that affect water supplies. The objective of this discussion is to explore the nexus of fire, water and society with the hope that a more explicit understanding of fire effects on water supplies will encourage the incorporation of fire into future assessments of water supplies, into the pyrogeography conceptual framework and into planning efforts directed at water resiliency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0172","usgsCitation":"Martin, D.A., 2016, At the nexus of fire, water and society: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 371, no. 1696, Article 20150172, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0172.","productDescription":"Article 20150172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073771","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"371","issue":"1696","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574ff91be4b0ee97d51af4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171474,"text":"70171474 - 2016 - Gene transcript profiling in sea otters post-Exxon Valdez oil spill: A tool for marine ecosystem health assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T14:18:19.374654","indexId":"70171474","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2380,"text":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gene transcript profiling in sea otters post-Exxon Valdez oil spill: A tool for marine ecosystem health assessment","title":"Gene transcript profiling in sea otters post-Exxon Valdez oil spill: A tool for marine ecosystem health assessment","docAbstract":"Using a panel of genes stimulated by oil exposure in a laboratory study, we evaluated gene transcription in blood leukocytes sampled from sea otters captured from 2006–2012 in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, 17–23 years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). We compared WPWS sea otters to reference populations (not affected by the EVOS) from the Alaska Peninsula (2009), Katmai National Park and Preserve (2009), Clam Lagoon at Adak Island (2012), Kodiak Island (2005) and captive sea otters in aquaria. Statistically, sea otter gene transcript profiles separated into three distinct clusters: Cluster 1, Kodiak and WPWS 2006–2008 (higher relative transcription); Cluster 2, Clam Lagoon and WPWS 2010–2012 (lower relative transcription); and Cluster 3, Alaska Peninsula, Katmai and captive sea otters (intermediate relative transcription). The lower transcription of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an established biomarker for hydrocarbon exposure, in WPWS 2010–2012 compared to earlier samples from WPWS is consistent with declining hydrocarbon exposure, but the pattern of overall low levels of transcription seen in WPWS 2010–2012 could be related to other factors, such as food limitation, pathogens or injury, and may indicate an inability to mount effective responses to stressors. Decreased transcriptional response across the entire gene panel precludes the evaluation of whether or not individual sea otters show signs of exposure to lingering oil. However, related studies on sea otter demographics indicate that by 2012, the sea otter population in WPWS had recovered, which indicates diminishing oil exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/jmse4020039","usgsCitation":"Bowen, L., Miles, A.K., Ballachey, B.E., Waters-Dynes, S.C., and Bodkin, J.L., 2016, Gene transcript profiling in sea otters post-Exxon Valdez oil spill: A tool for marine ecosystem health assessment: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 4, no. 2, 39, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse4020039.","productDescription":"39, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076107","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse4020039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F789141P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sea Otter Gene Transcription Data from Kodiak, the Alaska Peninsula, and Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2005-2012"},{"id":322001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak Island, Alaska Peninsula, Katmai National Park, Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.517578125,\n 53.67068019347264\n ],\n [\n -178.06640625,\n 53.35710874569601\n ],\n [\n -179.38476562499997,\n 52.32191088594773\n ],\n [\n -179.4287109375,\n 51.34433866059924\n ],\n [\n -178.505859375,\n 50.708634400828224\n ],\n [\n -173.583984375,\n 50.56928286558243\n ],\n [\n -166.4208984375,\n 52.07950600379697\n ],\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 53.04121304075649\n ],\n [\n -159.7412109375,\n 53.67068019347264\n ],\n [\n -156.09375,\n 54.546579538405034\n ],\n [\n -152.841796875,\n 55.751849391735284\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 57.11238500793404\n ],\n [\n -149.8095703125,\n 57.9148477670092\n ],\n [\n -147.91992187499997,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -145.01953124999997,\n 58.97266715450153\n ],\n [\n -142.0751953125,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 60.08676274626006\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 60.60854176060904\n ],\n [\n -141.3720703125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -142.4267578125,\n 61.75233128411639\n ],\n [\n -146.3818359375,\n 61.83541335794044\n ],\n [\n -149.37011718749997,\n 61.83541335794044\n ],\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 61.16443708638275\n ],\n [\n -155.91796874999997,\n 59.91097597079679\n ],\n [\n -158.5986328125,\n 58.147518599073585\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 56.8249328650072\n ],\n [\n -163.916015625,\n 55.677584411089505\n ],\n [\n -168.662109375,\n 54.316523240258284\n ],\n [\n -175.517578125,\n 53.67068019347264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574ff91ce4b0ee97d51af4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. 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Wave heights, periods, and directions for the 21st century were projected using near-surface wind fields from four atmosphere-ocean coupled global climate models (GCM) under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. GCM-derived wind fields forced the global WAVEWATCH-III wave model to generate hourly time-series of bulk wave parameters around 25 islands in the mid to western tropical Pacific Ocean for historical (1976–2005), mid-, and end-of-century time periods. Extreme significant wave heights decreased (~10.0%) throughout the 21st century under both climate scenarios compared to historical wave conditions and the higher radiative forcing 8.5 scenario displayed a greater and more widespread decrease in extreme significant wave heights compared to the lower forcing 4.5 scenario. An exception was for the end-of-century June–August season. Offshore of islands in the central equatorial Pacific, extreme significant wave heights displayed the largest changes from historical values. The frequency of extreme events during December–February decreased under RCP 8.5, whereas the frequency increased under RCP 4.5. Mean wave directions often rotated more than 30° clockwise at several locations during June–August, which could indicate a weakening of the trade winds’ influence on extreme wave directions and increasing dominance of Southern Ocean swell or eastern shift of storm tracks. The projected changes in extreme wave heights, directions of extreme events, and frequencies at which extreme events occur will likely result in changes to the morphology and sustainability of island nations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.03.009","usgsCitation":"Shope, J.B., Storlazzi, C.D., Erikson, L.H., and Hegermiller, C., 2016, Changes to extreme wave climates of islands within the Western Tropical Pacific throughout the 21st century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with implications for island vulnerability and sustainability: Global and Planetary Change, v. 141, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.03.009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067314","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574ff91be4b0ee97d51af4d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, James B.","contributorId":135949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shope","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegermiller, Christie 0000-0002-6383-7508 chegermiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-7508","contributorId":149010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegermiller","given":"Christie","email":"chegermiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170066,"text":"pp1826 - 2016 - Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T14:21:36.662288","indexId":"pp1826","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1826","title":"Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of Alaska","docAbstract":"This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and to contribute to knowledge of the storage, fluxes, and balance of carbon and methane gas in ecosystems of Alaska. The carbon and methane variables were examined for major terrestrial ecosystems (uplands and wetlands) and inland aquatic ecosystems in Alaska in two time periods: baseline (from 1950 through 2009) and future (projections from 2010 through 2099). The assessment used measured and observed data and remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models. The national assessment, conducted using the methodology described in SIR 2010-5233, has been completed for the conterminous United States, with results provided in three separate regional reports (PP 1804, PP 1797, and PP 1897).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1826","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Zhiliang, and McGuire, A.D., eds., 2016, Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1826, 196 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1826.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 196 p.","numberOfPages":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066384","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320417,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20105233","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5233","linkHelpText":"- A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios"},{"id":320416,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1787","text":"Professional Paper 1787","linkHelpText":"- Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in the Great Plains Region of the United States"},{"id":320415,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1797","text":"Professional Paper 1797","linkHelpText":"- Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States"},{"id":320414,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1804","text":"Professional Paper 1804","linkHelpText":"- Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Eastern United States"},{"id":334983,"rank":19,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SB43X2","text":"Alaska LandCarbon Wetland Distribution Map"},{"id":320412,"rank":14,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1826/pp1826_chapter9.pdf","text":"Chapter 9. Alaska Carbon Balance","size":"201 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1826","linkHelpText":"Land Change Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 519A National Center
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http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/lcs/
The Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) historically ranged across the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries until its extirpation in 1972. In 1963–1964 a captive breeding program for this species was started at the Phoenix Zoo (PHX); it ultimately consisted of 11 animals that became known as the ‘World Herd’. In 1978–1979 a wild population was established at the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve (SWR), Jordan, with eight descendants from the World Herd and three individuals from Qatar. We described the mtDNA and nuclear genetic diversity and structure of PHX and SWR. We also determined the long-term demographic and genetic viability of these populations under different reciprocal translocation scenarios. PHX displayed a greater number of mtDNA haplotypes (n = 4) than SWR (n = 2). Additionally, PHX and SWR presented nuclear genetic diversities of N¯AN¯A = 2.88 vs. 2.75, H¯OH¯O = 0.469 vs. 0.387, and H¯EH¯E = 0.501 vs. 0.421, respectively. Although these populations showed no signs of inbreeding (F¯ISF¯IS ≈ 0), they were highly differentiated (G′′STGST′′ = 0.580; P < 0.001). Migration between PHX and SWR (Nm = 1, 4, and 8 individuals/generation) increased their genetic diversity in the short-term and substantially reduced the probability of extinction in PHX during 25 generations. Under such scenarios, maximum genetic diversities were achieved in the first generations before the effects of genetic drift became predominant. Although captive populations can function as sources of genetic variation for reintroduction programs, we recommend promoting mutual and continuous gene flow with wild populations to ensure the long-term survival of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-016-0850-5","usgsCitation":"Ochoa, A., Wells, S.A., West, G., Al-Smadi, M., Redondo, S.A., Sexton, S.R., and Culver, M., 2016, Can captive populations function as sources of genetic variation for reintroductions into the wild? A case study of the Arabian oryx from the Phoenix Zoo and the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, Jordan: Conservation Genetics, v. 17, no. 5, p. 1145-1155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0850-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1155","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070012","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5752aa2ee4b053f0edd13e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochoa, Alexander","contributorId":169994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochoa","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Stuart A.","contributorId":169995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Gary","contributorId":169996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Smadi, Ma’en","contributorId":169997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Smadi","given":"Ma’en","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redondo, Sergio A.","contributorId":169998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redondo","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sexton, Sydnee R.","contributorId":169999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Sydnee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174420,"text":"70174420 - 2016 - Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T12:46:37","indexId":"70174420","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell","docAbstract":"Findings from nearly two decades of research focused on the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC), a set of rapidly prograding coastal barriers and strand-plains in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, are synthesized to investigate the morphodynamics associated with prograding beaches. Due to a large sediment supply from the Columbia River, the CRLC is the only extensive stretch of shoreline on the U.S. west coast to have advanced significantly seaward during the late Holocene. Since the last Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake in 1700, with associated co-seismic subsidence and tsunami, much of the CRLC has prograded hundreds of meters. However, the rates of progradation, and the processes most responsible for sediment accumulation, vary depending on time scale and the morphological unit in question. Remarkably, the 20th and early 21st century shoreline change rates were more than double the late prehistoric rates that include recovery from the last major CSZ event, most likely due to an increase in sediment supply resulting from inlet jetty construction. In some locations detailed beach morphology monitoring reveals that at interannual- to decadal-scale the upper shoreface aggraded about 2 cm/yr, subtidal sandbars migrated offshore and decayed while intertidal bars migrated onshore and welded to the shoreline, the shoreline prograded about 4 m/yr, and 1 to 2 new foredune ridges were generated. A detailed meso-scale sediment budget analysis in one location within the littoral cell shows that approximately 100 m3/m/yr accumulated between − 12 m (seaward limit of data) and + 9 m (crest of landward-most foredune). Gradients in alongshore sediment transport, net onshore-directed cross-shore sediment transport within the surf zone, and cross-shore feeding from a shoreface out of equilibrium with forcing conditions are each partially responsible for the significant rates of sediment supplied to the beaches and dunes of the CRLC during the observational period. Direct observations of beach progradation at seasonal- to decadal-scale are put in context of measured or inferred changes over time scales of decades to centuries.
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Native to the southeastern United States, Southern Watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) are known from two sites in California, but their ecological impacts are poorly understood. We investigated the ecology of Southern Watersnakes in Machado Lake, Harbor City, Los Angeles County, California, including an assessment of control opportunities. We captured 306 watersnakes as a result of aquatic trapping and hand captures. We captured snakes of all sizes (162–1063 mm snout–vent length [SVL], 3.5–873.3 g), demonstrating the existence of a well-established population. The smallest reproductive female was 490 mm SVL and females contained 12–46 postovulatory embryos (mean = 21). Small watersnakes largely consumed introduced Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), while larger snakes specialized on larval and metamorph American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Overall capture per unit effort (CPUE) in traps declined with time during an intensive 76-d trapping bout, but CPUE trends varied considerably among traplines and it is unlikely that the overall decline in CPUE represented a major decrease in the snake population size. Although we found no direct evidence that Southern Watersnakes are affecting native species in Machado Lake, this population may serve as a source for intentional or unintentional transportation of watersnakes to bodies of water containing imperiled native prey species or potential competitors.
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