This report contains reduced 40Ar/39Ar data of hornblende, biotite, white mica and (or) sericite, and potassium-feldspar mineral separates and phyllite groundmass samples from metamorphic rocks of the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessee. Included in this report are information on the location of the samples and a brief description of the samples. The data contained herein are not interpreted in a geological context, and care should be taken by users unfamiliar with argon isotopic data in the use of these results. No geological meaning is implied for any of the apparent ages presented below, and many of the individual apparent ages are not geologically meaningful. This report is primarily a detailed source document for subsequent publications that will integrate these data into a geological context. All the samples in this report were collected in and around the Great Smoky Mountain National Park in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111250","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., and McAleer, R., 2011, 40Ar/39Ar age-spectrum data for hornblende, biotite, white mica, and K-feldspar samples from metamorphic rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1250, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111250.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1250.gif"},{"id":94381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.53,\n 35.38\n ],\n [\n -82.53,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -83.855,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -83.85,\n 35.38\n ],\n [\n -82.53,\n 35.38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ae4b0b290850ef004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005685,"text":"ofr20111270 - 2011 - Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T16:25:39.124407","indexId":"ofr20111270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1270","title":"Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data","docAbstract":"This document describes the process of digitization of a 1974 report on geophysical work undertaken by Soviet geophysicists in southern and eastern Afghanistan. These data, uncovered in Afghanistan, represent magnetic and electrical ground surveys for which locations are not well defined. Due to lack of location information, these surveys were georeferenced using the cities, rivers, and surrounding geology found on the maps used to plot survey locations. A geologic map found in the Soviet report contains profile lines that correspond to the geophysical maps, allowing these data to be georeferenced. The profiles correspond to sets of resistivity, chargeabiliy, and magnetic data. Some datasets were presented as graphs and needed to be gridded into a useable image. Only the vertical component of the magnetic field was collected, so conversion to total field anomaly was necessary. The magnetic data were collected in either gammas or milliorstead, both of which required conversion to standard SI units. To be useful to modern studies, the datasets and images contained in this report have been digitized, georeferenced, and in some cases converted into computer-ready formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111270","usgsCitation":"Polster, S.W., and Drenth, B.J., 2011, Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1270, iii, 18 p.; Appendix 1; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111270.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.; Appendix 1; Digital Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1270.png"},{"id":94362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29 ], [ 60,39 ], [ 75,39 ], [ 75,29 ], [ 60,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Polster, Sarah W.","contributorId":26427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polster","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005673,"text":"ofr20111205 - 2011 - Distribution of transmissivity and yield of the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers in Northern New Hanover County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111205","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1205","title":"Distribution of transmissivity and yield of the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers in Northern New Hanover County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Data were collected from more than 230 wells in northern New Hanover County, North Carolina, to evaluate the distribution of transmissivity and yield of the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. Constant-rate,single-well aquifer test data were obtained and analyzed to calculate additional transmissivity values for 25 production wells that were completed in the Castle Hayne or Peedee aquifer. In the surficial aquife, transmissivity values ranged from 400 to 12,700 feet squared per day, and reported yields ranged from 6 to 100 gallons per minute. In the Castle Hayne aquifer, transmissivity values ranged from 1,400 to 18,700 feet squared per day, and reported yields ranged from 9 to 640 gallons per minute. In the Peedee aquifer, transmissivity values ranged from 530 to 18,600 feet squared per day, and reported yields ranged from 8 to 1,000 gallons per minute.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cape Fear Public Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., and Nagy, L.A., 2011, Distribution of transmissivity and yield of the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers in Northern New Hanover County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1205, 1 Sheet: 34 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111205.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 34 x 36 inches","temporalStart":"2004-12-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1205.jpg"},{"id":94295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"New Hanover","otherGeospatial":"Castle Hayne Aquifer;Peedee Aquifer;Coastal Plain Physiographic Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.00083333333333,34.23416666666667 ], [ -78.00083333333333,34.416666666666664 ], [ -77.73416666666667,34.416666666666664 ], [ -77.73416666666667,34.23416666666667 ], [ -78.00083333333333,34.23416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagy, Laura A. lnagy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"Laura","email":"lnagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005683,"text":"ofr20111224 - 2011 - Summary of the stratigraphy and structural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, west-central Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111224","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1224","title":"Summary of the stratigraphy and structural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, west-central Pakistan","docAbstract":"Obduction of an ophiolite complex onto the northwestern continental margin of the India plate occurred during the Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene, followed by collision of the ophiolitic complex of the India plate with the Eurasia plate in the Eocene. Lower Eocene marine strata overlie the ophiolitic complex suggesting that suturing was completed by early Eocene time.\nThe Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region is a structurally complex area within west-central Pakistan characterized by broad and tight folds, and reverse, thrust, and strike-slip faults. In order to understand this complex deformation, we have divided this region into five structural domains which are separated by four major boundary faults formed during four major periods of deformation related to oblique convergence of the India and Eurasia plates.\nThe five structural domains are (1) a foredeep, (2) a foreland fold-and-thrust belt, (3) a major deep trough that formed within the foreland fold-and-thrust belt and filled with collision molasse, (4) a thick flysch deposit, and (5) a subduction-obduction and related igneous rock terrane on the margin of the Eurasia plate (Afghan block).\nThe four major faults that bound the structural terrane are the Frontal (F), Ghazaband-Zhob (GZ), Gwal-Bagh (GB), and Chaman (C) faults. Four major periods of deformation are recognized: (1) emplacement of ophiolitic rocks onto the continental margin of the India plate; (2) convergence of the India-Eurasia plates; (3) deposition of Tertiary-Quaternary molasse units followed by major folding and thrusting, and formation of strike-slip faults; and (4) deposition of Pleistocene molasse units with subsequent folding, thrusting, and strike-slip motion that continues to the present.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111224","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, F., Mengal, J.M., Khan, S., and Warwick, P.D., 2011, Summary of the stratigraphy and structural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, west-central Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1224, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111224.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1224.gif"},{"id":94298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62,25 ], [ 62,40 ], [ 78,40 ], [ 78,25 ], [ 62,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, Florian fmaldona@usgs.gov","contributorId":805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Florian","email":"fmaldona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mengal, Jan M.","contributorId":32667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengal","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khan, Shahid H.","contributorId":98456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Shahid H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005680,"text":"ofr20111260 - 2011 - Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T13:01:23","indexId":"ofr20111260","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1260","title":"Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Wabash Valley seismic zone and the New Madrid seismic zone are the closest large earthquake source zones to Evansville, Indiana. The New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812, over 180 kilometers (km) from Evansville, produced ground motions with a Modified Mercalli Intensity of VII near Evansville, the highest intensity observed in Indiana. Liquefaction evidence has been documented less than 40 km away from Evansville resulting from two large earthquakes in the past 12,000 years in the Wabash Valley. Two earthquake scenarios are described in this paper that demonstrate the expected ground motions for a 33×42-km region around Evansville based on a repeat earthquake from each of these source regions. We perform a one-dimensional analysis for a grid of sites that takes into account the amplification or deamplification of ground motion in the unconsolidated soil layer using a new three-dimensional model of seismic velocity and bedrock depth. There are significant differences in the calculated amplification from that expected for National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program site class D conditions, with deamplification at many locations within the ancient bedrock valley underlying Evansville. Ground motions relative to the acceleration of gravity (g) in the Evansville area from a simulation of a magnitude (M) 7.7 New Madrid earthquake range from 0.15 to 0.25 g for peak ground acceleration, 0.14 to 0.7 g for 0.2-second (s) spectral acceleration, and 0.05 to 0.25 g for 1.0-s spectral acceleration. Ground motions from a M6.8 Wabash Valley earthquake centered 40 km northwest of the city produce ground motions that decrease with distance from 1.5 to 0.3 g for 0.2-s spectral acceleration when they reach the main part of Evansville, but then increase in amplitude from 0.3 to 0.6 g south of the city and the Ohio River. The densest urbanization in Evansville and Henderson, Ky., is within the area of preferential amplification at 1.0-s period for both scenarios, but the area experiences relatively less amplification than surrounding areas at 0.2 s, consistent with expected resonance periods based on the soil profiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111260","collaboration":"In collaboration with the Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (EAEHMP)","usgsCitation":"Haase, J.S., Nowack, R.L., Cramer, C.H., Boyd, O.S., and Bauer, R., 2011, Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1260, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111260.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1260.gif"},{"id":94294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Evansville","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley Seismic Zone;New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,35 ], [ -91,41 ], [ -85,41 ], [ -85,35 ], [ -91,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haase, Jennifer S.","contributorId":81238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowack, Robert L.","contributorId":100516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowack","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, Robert A.","contributorId":92412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005677,"text":"ofr20101094 - 2011 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:29:11","indexId":"ofr20101094","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1094","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Maryland's Corsica River Estuary was investigated as part of a larger study to determine its importance in nutrient delivery to the Chesapeake Bay. The Corsica River Estuary represents a coastal lowland setting typical of much of the eastern bay. An interdisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science team conducted field operations in the lower estuary in April and May 2007. Resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via SGD that may be contributing to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and fish kills. Techniques employed in the study included continuous resistivity profiling (CRP), piezometer sampling of submarine groundwater, and collection of a time series of radon tracer activity in surface water. A CRP system measures electrical resistivity of saturated subestuarine sediments to distinguish those bearing fresh water (high resistivity) from those with saline or brackish pore water (low resistivity). This report describes the collection and processing of CRP data and summarizes the results. Based on a grid of 67.6 kilometers of CRP data, low-salinity (high-resistivity) groundwater extended approximately 50-400 meters offshore from estuary shorelines at depths of 5 to >12 meters below the sediment surface, likely beneath a confining unit. A band of low-resistivity sediment detected along the axis of the estuary indicated the presence of a filled paleochannel containing brackish groundwater. The meandering paleochannel likely incised through the confining unit during periods of lower sea level, allowing the low-salinity groundwater plumes originating from land to mix with brackish subestuarine groundwater along the channel margins and to discharge. A better understanding of the spatial variability and geological controls of submarine groundwater flow beneath the Corsica River Estuary could lead to improved models and mitigation strategies for nutrient over-enrichment in the estuary and in other similar settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101094","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Bratton, J., Worley, C., Crusius, J., and Kroeger, K., 2011, Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1094, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101094.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1094.gif"},{"id":94293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Corsica River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.15083333333334,39.05 ], [ -76.15083333333334,39.1 ], [ -76.1,39.1 ], [ -76.1,39.05 ], [ -76.15083333333334,39.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005682,"text":"ofr20111268 - 2011 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005682,"text":"ofr20111268 - 2011 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","indexId":"ofr20111268","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040571,"text":"sir20125231 - 2012 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management","indexId":"sir20125231","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040571,"text":"sir20125231 - 2012 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management","indexId":"sir20125231","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111268","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1268","title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","docAbstract":"Prior to operational changes in 2007, Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River in western Oregon had a well-documented effect on downstream water temperature that was problematic for endangered salmonid fish species. In this U.S. Geological Survey study, done in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, an existing calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 model of Detroit Lake (the impounded waterbody behind Detroit Dam) was used to determine how changes in dam operation or changes to the structural release points of Detroit Dam might affect downstream water temperatures under a range of historical hydrologic and meteorological conditions.\nMany combinations of environmental, operational, and structural options were explored with the model. Two downstream temperature targets were used along with three sets of environmental forcing conditions representing normal, hot/dry, and cool/wet conditions. Three structural options were modeled, including the use of existing outlets, one hypothetical variable-elevation outlet such as a sliding gate, and a hypothetical combination of a floating outlet and a fixed-elevation outlet. Finally, four sets of operational guidelines were explored to gain an understanding of the effects of imposing different downstream minimum streamflows or managing the level of the lake with different timelines in autumn.\nSeveral conclusions can be made from these interim model scenarios:\n* Temperature targets just downstream of Detroit Dam can be met through a combination of new dam outlets or a delayed drawdown of the lake in autumn.\n* Spring and summer dam operations greatly affect the available release temperatures and operational flexibility later in the autumn. Releasing warm water during mid-summer tends to keep more cool water available for release in autumn.\n* The ability to meet downstream temperature targets during spring depends on the characteristics of the available outlets. Under existing conditions, for example, although warm water sometimes is present at the lake surface, such water may not be available for release if the lake level is either well below or well above the spillway crest in spring and early summer.\n* Managing lake releases to meet downstream temperature targets depends on having outlet structures that can access both (warm) lake surface water and (cold) deeper lake water throughout the year. The existing outlets at Detroit Dam do not allow near-surface waters to be released during times when the lake surface level is below the spillway (spring and autumn).\n* Model simulations indicate that delayed drawdown of Detroit Lake in autumn would result in better control over release temperatures.\n* Compared to the existing outlets at Detroit Dam, floating or sliding-gate outlet structures can provide greater control over release temperatures because they provide better access to warm water at the lake surface and cooler water at depth.\nThis report provides interim study results to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The full study will be completed in 2012.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N., and Rounds, S.A., 2011, Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1268, vi, 25 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111268.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1268.jpg"},{"id":94297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Oregon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f30ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005668,"text":"ofr20111228 - 2011 - Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T15:46:29","indexId":"ofr20111228","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1228","title":"Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application","docAbstract":"This document describes the concept, organization, and application of a hierarchical ecosystem classification that integrates saline and tidal freshwater reaches of estuaries in order to characterize the ecosystems of large flood plain rivers that are strongly influenced by riverine and estuarine hydrology. We illustrate the classification by applying it to the Columbia River estuary (Oregon-Washington, USA), a system that extends about 233 river kilometers (rkm) inland from the Pacific Ocean. More than three-quarters of this length is tidal freshwater. The Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification (\"Classification\") is based on six hierarchical levels, progressing from the coarsest, regional scale to the finest, localized scale: (1) Ecosystem Province; (2) Ecoregion; (3) Hydrogeomorphic Reach; (4) Ecosystem Complex; (5) Geomorphic Catena; and (6) Primary Cover Class. We define and map Levels 1-3 for the entire Columbia River estuary with existing geospatial datasets, and provide examples of Levels 4-6 for one hydrogeomorphic reach. In particular, three levels of the Classification capture the scales and categories of ecosystem structure and processes that are most tractable to estuarine research, monitoring, and management. These three levels are the (1) eight hydrogeomorphic reaches that embody the formative geologic and tectonic processes that created the existing estuarine landscape and encompass the influence of the resulting physiography on interactions between fluvial and tidal hydrology and geomorphology across 230 kilometers (km) of estuary, (2) more than 15 ecosystem complexes composed of broad landforms created predominantly by geologic processes during the Holocene, and (3) more than 25 geomorphic catenae embedded within ecosystem complexes that represent distinct geomorphic landforms, structures, ecosystems, and habitats, and components of the estuarine landscape most likely to change over short time periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Washington and the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership","usgsCitation":"Simenstad, C.A., Burke, J.L., O'Connor, J., Cannon, C., Heatwole, D.W., Ramirez, M.F., Waite, I.R., Counihan, T.D., and Jones, K.L., 2011, Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1228, vi, 38 p.; Appendix; Figures; Tables; XLSX Download of Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111228.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.; Appendix; Figures; Tables; XLSX Download of Appendix A","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1228.jpg"},{"id":94266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.25,45 ], [ -124.25,47 ], [ -123.75,47 ], [ -123.75,45 ], [ -124.25,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simenstad, Charles A.","contributorId":88477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simenstad","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Jennifer L.","contributorId":61147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heatwole, Danelle W.","contributorId":70104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heatwole","given":"Danelle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramirez, Mary F.","contributorId":107844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70005669,"text":"ofr20111269 - 2011 - DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-24T08:58:05","indexId":"ofr20111269","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1269","title":"DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling","docAbstract":"DS analyzes count data to estimate density or relative density and population size when appropriate. The software is no longer available. The software was designed to analyze data collected using double sampling, but it also can be used to analyze index data. DS is not currently configured to apply distance methods or methods based on capture-recapture theory. Double sampling for the purpose of this report means surveying a sample of locations with a rapid method of unknown accuracy and surveying a subset of these locations using a more intensive method assumed to yield unbiased estimates. \"Detection ratios\" are calculated as the ratio of results from rapid surveys on intensive plots to the number actually present as determined from the intensive surveys. The detection ratios are used to adjust results from the rapid surveys. The formula for density is (results from rapid survey)/(estimated detection ratio from intensive surveys). Population sizes are estimated as (density)(area). Double sampling is well-established in the survey sampling literature—see Cochran (1977) for the basic theory, Smith (1995) for applications of double sampling in waterfowl surveys, Bart and Earnst (2002, 2005) for discussions of its use in wildlife studies, and Bart and others (in press) for a detailed account of how the method was used to survey shorebirds across the arctic region of North America. Indices are surveys that do not involve complete counts of well-defined plots or recording information to estimate detection rates (Thompson and others, 1998). In most cases, such data should not be used to estimate density or population size but, under some circumstances, may be used to compare two densities or estimate how density changes through time or across space (Williams and others, 2005). The Breeding Bird Survey (Sauer and others, 2008) provides a good example of an index survey. Surveyors record all birds detected but do not record any information, such as distance or whether each bird is recorded in subperiods, that could be used to estimate detection rates. Nonetheless, the data are widely used to estimate temporal trends and spatial patterns in abundance (Sauer and others, 2008). DS produces estimates of density (or relative density for indices) by species and stratum. Strata are usually defined using region and habitat but other variables may be used, and the entire study area may be classified as a single stratum. Population size in each stratum and for the entire study area also is estimated for each species. For indices, the estimated totals generally are only useful if (a) plots are surveyed so that densities can be calculated and extrapolated to the entire study area and (b) if the detection rates are close to 1.0. All estimates are accompanied by standard errors (SE) and coefficients of variation (CV, that is, SE/estimate).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111269","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., and Hartley, D., 2011, DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1269, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111269.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1269.png"},{"id":94265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartley, Dana","contributorId":100520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005601,"text":"ofr20111182 - 2011 - Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111182","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1182","title":"Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"Relationships between habitat selection and population vital rates of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse), recently designated as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act, within the Great Basin are not well-understood. The growing development of renewable energy infrastructure within areas inhabited by sage-grouse is thought to influence predator and vegetation communities. For example, common ravens (Corvus corax), a synanthropic sage-grouse nest predator, are increasing range-wide and select transmission lines and other tall structures for nesting and perching. In the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, we collected preliminary information of space-use, habitat selection, and population vital rates during the nesting and brood-rearing period over two years on 56 sage-grouse. Additionally, videography at nest sites (n = 22) was used to identify sage-grouse nest predators. The study area is a potential site for renewable energy developments (i.e., wind and solar), and we plan to continue monitoring this population using a before-after-control-impact study design. The results reported here are preliminary and further data are required before conclusions can be drawn from this population of sage-grouse.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Idaho State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Lockyer, Z.B., Farinha, M.A., Sweeney, J.M., Johnson, V.M., Meshriy, M.G., Espinosa, S.P., Delehanty, D.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1182, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111182.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1182.jpg"},{"id":94258,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cbad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockyer, Zachary B.","contributorId":91614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockyer","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farinha, Melissa A.","contributorId":7791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweeney, Joelle M.","contributorId":91232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Joelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Valerie M.","contributorId":30743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meshriy, Matthew G.","contributorId":16151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meshriy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Espinosa, Shawn P.","contributorId":48298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":80811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70005629,"text":"ofr20111213 - 2011 - MODFLOW-CDSS, a version of MODFLOW-2005 with modifications for Colorado Decision Support Systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"ofr20111213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1213","title":"MODFLOW-CDSS, a version of MODFLOW-2005 with modifications for Colorado Decision Support Systems","docAbstract":"MODFLOW-CDSS is a three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model based on MODFLOW-2005, with two modifications. The first modification is the introduction of a Partition Stress Boundaries capability, which enables the user to partition a selected subset of MODFLOW's stress-boundary packages, with each partition defined by a separate input file. Volumetric water-budget components of each partition are tracked and listed separately in the volumetric water-budget tables. The second modification enables the user to specify that execution of a simulation should continue despite failure of the solver to satisfy convergence criteria. This modification is particularly intended to be used in conjunction with automated model-analysis software; its use is not recommended for other purposes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2011, MODFLOW-CDSS, a version of MODFLOW-2005 with modifications for Colorado Decision Support Systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1213, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111213.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1213.gif"},{"id":94259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005612,"text":"ofr20111257 - 2011 - Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111257","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1257","title":"Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"In June 2011, the Track Fire burned 113 square kilometers in Colfax County, northeastern New Mexico, and Las Animas County, southeastern Colorado, including the upper watersheds of Chicorica and Raton Creeks. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from basins burned by the Track Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows at the outlets of selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of burn severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall to estimate the probability and volume of post-fire debris flows following the fire. In response to a design storm of 38 millimeters of rain in 30 minutes (10-year recurrence-interval), the probability of debris flow estimated for basins burned by the Track fire ranged between 2 and 97 percent, with probabilities greater than 80 percent identified for the majority of the tributary basins to Raton Creek in Railroad Canyon; six basins that flow into Lake Maloya, including the Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins; two tributary basins to Sugarite Canyon, and an unnamed basin on the eastern flank of the burned area. Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from 30 cubic meters to greater than 100,000 cubic meters. The largest volumes (greater than 100,000 cubic meters) were estimated for Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins, which drain into Lake Maloya. The Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Ranking identifies the Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins as having the highest probability of producing the largest debris flows. This finding indicates the greatest post-fire debris-flow impacts may be expected to Lake Maloya. In addition, Interstate Highway 25, Raton Creek and the rail line in Railroad Canyon, County road A-27, and State Highway 526 in Sugarite Canyon may also be affected where they cross drainages downstream from recently burned basins. Although this assessment indicates that a rather large debris flow (approximately 42,000 cubic meters) may be generated from the basin above the City of Raton (basin 9) in response to the design storm, the probability of such an event is relatively low (approximately 10 percent). Additional assessment is necessary to determine if the estimated volume of material is sufficient to travel into the City of Raton. In addition, even small debris flows may affect structures at or downstream from basin outlets and increase the threat of flooding downstream by damaging or blocking flood mitigation structures. The maps presented here may be used to prioritize areas where erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year window of vulnerability following the Track Fire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111257","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Darr, M.J., Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1257, iv, 9 p.; Plate 1: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches; Plate 2: 31.65 inches x 20.68 inches; Plate 3: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111257.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.; Plate 1: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches; Plate 2: 31.65 inches x 20.68 inches; Plate 3: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1257.gif"},{"id":94253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"NAD 1983","datum":"UTM Zone 13","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.53333333333333,36.9 ], [ -104.53333333333333,37.034166666666664 ], [ -104.26666666666667,37.034166666666664 ], [ -104.26666666666667,36.9 ], [ -104.53333333333333,36.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6839f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, Michael J. mjdarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"Michael","email":"mjdarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005630,"text":"ofr20111251 - 2011 - Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1251","title":"Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California","docAbstract":"This report presents an emergency assessment of potential debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2011 Motor fire in the Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, Calif. Statistical-empirical models are used to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows that may be produced from burned drainage basins as a function of different measures of basin burned extent, gradient, and soil physical properties, and in response to a 30-minute-duration, 10-year-recurrence rainstorm. Debris-flow probability and volume estimates are then combined to form a relative hazard ranking for each basin. This assessment provides critical information for issuing warnings, locating and designing mitigation measures, and planning evacuation timing and routes within the first two years following the fire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111251","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1251, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111251.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.91666666666667,37.63333333333333 ], [ -119.91666666666667,37.71666666666667 ], [ -119.8,37.71666666666667 ], [ -119.8,37.63333333333333 ], [ -119.91666666666667,37.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}