A variety of methods such as night-lighting and lift nets have been used to catch divers (Gavidae), although 24-hour daylight in the Arctic summer and the remote nature of field sites can make the use of these traditional methods impossible. Our research required capture of adult divers at remote locations in northern Alaska. Here we describe a suspended dive-net technique that we used to safely capture territorial White-billed Gavia adamsii and Pacific Divers G. pacifica and that is lightweight and easy to set up. We also were able to capture divers with chicks, and failed breeders, and suggest that this method could be used to catch other territorial aquatic diving birds, especially other diver species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03078698.2016.1190615","usgsCitation":"Uher-Koch, B.D., Rizzolo, D., Wright, K., and Schmutz, J.A., 2016, A suspended dive-net technique for catching territorial divers: Ringing and Migration, v. 31, no. 1, p. 19-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.2016.1190615.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-065218","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583d5033e4b0d9329c80c59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178037,"text":"70178037 - 2016 - Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T13:25:42","indexId":"70178037","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of complexity and priors on the accuracy of models used to estimate ecological and observational processes, and to make predictions regarding population size and structure. State-space models are useful for estimating complex, unobservable population processes and making predictions about future populations based on limited data. To better understand the utility of state space models in evaluating population dynamics, we used them in a Bayesian framework and compared the accuracy of models with differing complexity, with and without informative priors using sequential importance sampling/resampling (SISR). Count data were simulated for 25 years using known parameters and observation process for each model. We used kernel smoothing to reduce the effect of particle depletion, which is common when estimating both states and parameters with SISR. Models using informative priors estimated parameter values and population size with greater accuracy than their non-informative counterparts. While the estimates of population size and trend did not suffer greatly in models using non-informative priors, the algorithm was unable to accurately estimate demographic parameters. This model framework provides reasonable estimates of population size when little to no information is available; however, when information on some vital rates is available, SISR can be used to obtain more precise estimates of population size and process. Incorporating model complexity such as that required by structured populations with stage-specific vital rates affects precision and accuracy when estimating latent population variables and predicting population dynamics. These results are important to consider when designing monitoring programs and conservation efforts requiring management of specific population segments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.010","usgsCitation":"Dunham, K., and Grand, J.B., 2016, Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation: Ecological Modelling, v. 340, p. 28-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-069168","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"340","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c1e4b0bb36a4c91007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Kylee","contributorId":173081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunham","given":"Kylee","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178666,"text":"70178666 - 2016 - Filling the interspace—restoring arid land mosses: source populations, organic matter, and overwintering govern success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:19:16","indexId":"70178666","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Filling the interspace—restoring arid land mosses: source populations, organic matter, and overwintering govern success","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts contribute to ecosystem functions and occupy space that could be available to invasive annual grasses. Given disturbances in the semiarid shrub steppe communities, we embarked on a set of studies to investigate restoration potential of mosses in sagebrush steppe ecosystems. We examined establishment and growth of two moss species common to the Great Basin, USA: Bryum argenteum and Syntrichia ruralis from two environmental settings (warm dry vs. cool moist). Moss fragments were inoculated into a third warm dry setting, on bare soil in spring and fall, both with and without a jute net and with and without spring irrigation. Moss cover was monitored in spring seasons of three consecutive years. Both moss species increased in cover over the winter. When Bryum received spring irrigation that was out of sync with natural precipitation patterns, moss cover increased and then crashed, taking two seasons to recover. Syntrichia did not respond to the irrigation treatment. The addition of jute net increased moss cover under all conditions, except Syntrichia following fall inoculation, which required a second winter to increase in cover. The warm dry population of Bryum combined with jute achieved on average 60% cover compared to the cool moist population that achieved only 28% cover by the end of the study. Differences were less pronounced for Syntrichia where moss from the warm dry population with jute achieved on average 51% cover compared to the cool moist population that achieved 43% cover by the end of the study. Restoration of arid land mosses may quickly protect soils from erosion while occupying sites before invasive plants. We show that higher moss cover will be achieved quickly with the addition of organic matter and when moss fragments originate from sites with a climate that is similar to that of the restoration site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2448","usgsCitation":"Condon, L., and Pyke, D.A., 2016, Filling the interspace—restoring arid land mosses: source populations, organic matter, and overwintering govern success: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 21, p. 7623-7632, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2448.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7623","endPage":"7632","ipdsId":"IP-073450","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dde4b04fc80e50738e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.2448","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2448","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Condon Lea A., Pyke David A.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"10/5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, Lea","contributorId":168539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Condon","given":"Lea","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179629,"text":"70179629 - 2016 - Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T14:28:00","indexId":"70179629","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States","docAbstract":"Land cover changes (e.g., forest to grassland) affect albedo, and changes in albedo can influence radiative forcing (warming, cooling). We empirically tested albedo response to land cover change for 130 locations across the continental United States using high resolution (30 m-×-30 m) land cover change data and moderate resolution (~ 500 m-×-500 m) albedo data. The land cover change data spanned 10 years (2001 − 2011) and the albedo data included observations every eight days for 13 years (2001 − 2013). Empirical testing was based on autoregressive time series analysis of snow free albedo for verified locations of land cover change. Approximately one-third of the autoregressive analyses for woody to herbaceous or forest to shrub change classes were not significant, indicating that albedo did not change significantly as a result of land cover change at these locations. In addition, ~ 80% of mean differences in albedo arising from land cover change were less than ± 0.02, a nominal benchmark for precision of albedo measurements that is related to significant changes in radiative forcing. Under snow free conditions, we found that land cover change does not guarantee a significant albedo response, and that the differences in mean albedo response for the majority of land cover change locations were small.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.09.005","usgsCitation":"Wickham, J., Nash, M., and Barnes, C., 2016, Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States: Global and Planetary Change, v. 146, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.09.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-072381","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"146","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760116e4b04eac8e0746df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickham, J.","contributorId":102230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, M.S.","contributorId":43946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher A. 0000-0002-4608-4364 christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":178108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher A.","email":"christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178336,"text":"70178336 - 2016 - Phenology of the adult angel lichen moth (Cisthene angelus) in Grand Canyon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T12:41:26","indexId":"70178336","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenology of the adult angel lichen moth (Cisthene angelus) in Grand Canyon, USA","docAbstract":"We investigated the phenology of adult angel lichen moths (Cisthene angelus) along a 364-km long segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, using a unique data set of 2,437 light-trap samples collected by citizen scientists. We found that adults of C. angelus were bivoltine from 2012 to 2014. We quantified plasticity in wing lengths and sex ratios among the two generations and across a 545-m elevation gradient. We found that abundance, but not wing length, increased at lower elevations and that the two generations differed in size and sex distributions. Our results shed light on the life history and morphology of a common, but poorly known, species of moth endemic to the southwestern United States and Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.233","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, A.N., Kennedy, T., and Muehlbauer, J.D., 2016, Phenology of the adult angel lichen moth (Cisthene angelus) in Grand Canyon, USA: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.233.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"240","ipdsId":"IP-075941","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7154F5S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Angel Lichen Moth Abundance and Morphology Data, Grand Canyon, AZ, 2012"},{"id":330975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.14245605468749,\n 35.60818490437746\n ],\n [\n -114.14245605468749,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -110.972900390625,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -110.972900390625,\n 35.60818490437746\n ],\n [\n -114.14245605468749,\n 35.60818490437746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb45e4b0c253bdfff0b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, Anya N. 0000-0002-6286-4889 ametcalfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-4889","contributorId":5271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Anya","email":"ametcalfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. tkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1808-580X jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-580X","contributorId":5045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlbauer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178547,"text":"70178547 - 2016 - Development of novel microsatellite markers for the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and their utility in cross-species amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T18:23:09","indexId":"70178547","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":946,"text":"Avian Biology Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of novel microsatellite markers for the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and their utility in cross-species amplification","docAbstract":"The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a large forest raptor with a Holarctic distribution and, in some portions of its range, a species of conservation concern. To augment previously reported genetic markers, 13 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to establish individual identification and familial relationships, to assess levels of genetic diversity, and to identify diagnostic markers. Of the 22 loci tested, 13 were polymorphic, seven were monomorphic, and two failed to amplify. This suite of microsatellite loci yielded a combined probability of parental exclusion of 98%; a single individual sampled from a North American population can be reliably identified using a combination of seven of the 13 polymorphic loci. Cross-species screening in Cooper's Hawks (A. cooperii) and Sharp-shinned Hawks (A. striatus) of the 20 loci that successfully amplified in Northern Goshawks identified 13 loci as polymorphic in each species. Six of these loci (Age1303, Age1308, Age1309, Age1312, and Age1314) appeared to be useful in distinguishing between Accipiter species. These markers will be useful to researchers investigating populations of North American accipiters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.3184/175815516X14667737479433","usgsCitation":"Haughey, C., Sage, G.K., Degange, G., Sonsthagen, S.A., and Talbot, S.L., 2016, Development of novel microsatellite markers for the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and their utility in cross-species amplification: Avian Biology Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 195-199, https://doi.org/10.3184/175815516X14667737479433.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-067355","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U28F8X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Three Accipiter Species, North America, 1996-2014"},{"id":331237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583d5032e4b0d9329c80c59b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haughey, Christy 0000-0002-4846-6008 chaughey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-6008","contributorId":204657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haughey","given":"Christy","email":"chaughey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Degange, Gabriel gdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":177022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degange","given":"Gabriel","email":"gdegange@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":654314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178649,"text":"70178649 - 2016 - Temperature and hydrology affect methane emissions from Prairie Pothole Wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:07:14","indexId":"70178649","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and hydrology affect methane emissions from Prairie Pothole Wetlands","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in central North America consists of millions of depressional wetlands that each have considerable potential to emit methane (CH4). Changes in temperature and hydrology in the PPR from climate change may affect methane fluxes from these wetlands. To assess the potential effects of changes in climate on methane emissions, we examined the relationships between flux rates and temperature or water depth using six years of bi-weekly flux measurements during the snow-free period from six temporarily ponded and six permanently ponded wetlands in North Dakota, USA. Methane flux rates were among the highest reported for freshwater wetlands, and had considerable spatial and temporal variation. Methane flux rates increased with increasing temperature and water depth, and were especially high when conditions were warmer and wetter than average (163 ± 28 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) compared to warmer and drier (37 ± 7 mg CH4 m−2 h−1). Methane emission rates from permanent wetlands were less sensitive to changes in temperature and water depth compared to temporary wetlands, likely due to higher sulfate concentrations in permanent wetlands. While the predicted increase in temperature with climate change will likely increase methane emission rates from PPR wetlands, drier conditions could moderate these increases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0826-8","usgsCitation":"Bansal, S., Tangen, B., and Finocchiaro, R., 2016, Temperature and hydrology affect methane emissions from Prairie Pothole Wetlands: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0826-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"381","ipdsId":"IP-073125","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"s2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dee4b04fc80e507392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bansal, Sheel 0000-0003-1233-1707 sbansal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-1707","contributorId":167295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bansal","given":"Sheel","email":"sbansal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangen, Brian 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":167277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond 0000-0002-5514-8729 rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-8729","contributorId":167278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178647,"text":"70178647 - 2016 - Dense surface seismic data confirm non-double-couple source mechanisms induced by hydraulic fracturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T13:10:07.979625","indexId":"70178647","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dense surface seismic data confirm non-double-couple source mechanisms induced by hydraulic fracturing","docAbstract":"We have determined source mechanisms for nine high-quality microseismic events induced during hydraulic fracturing of the Montney Shale in Canada. Seismic data were recorded using a dense regularly spaced grid of sensors at the surface. The design and geometry of the survey are such that the recorded P-wave amplitudes essentially map the upper focal hemisphere, allowing the source mechanism to be interpreted directly from the data. Given the inherent difficulties of computing reliable moment tensors (MTs) from high-frequency microseismic data, the surface amplitude and polarity maps provide important additional confirmation of the source mechanisms. This is especially critical when interpreting non-shear source processes, which are notoriously susceptible to artifacts due to incomplete or inaccurate source modeling. We have found that most of the nine events contain significant non-double-couple (DC) components, as evident in the surface amplitude data and the resulting MT models. Furthermore, we found that source models that are constrained to be purely shear do not explain the data for most events. Thus, even though non-DC components of MTs can often be attributed to modeling artifacts, we argue that they are required by the data in some cases, and can be reliably computed and confidently interpreted under favorable conditions.
The U.S. Geological Survey's New Jersey and Iowa Water Science Centers deployed ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric sensors at water-quality monitoring sites on the Passaic and Pompton Rivers at Two Bridges, New Jersey, on Toms River at Toms River, New Jersey, and on the North Raccoon River near Jefferson, Iowa to continuously measure in-stream nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (NO3 + NO2) concentrations in conjunction with continuous stream flow measurements. Statistical analysis of NO3 + NO2 vs. stream discharge during storm events found statistically significant links between land use types and sampling site with the normalized area and rotational direction of NO3 + NO2-stream discharge (N-Q) hysteresis patterns. Statistically significant relations were also found between the normalized area of a hysteresis pattern and several flow parameters as well as the normalized area adjusted for rotational direction and minimum NO3 + NO2 concentrations. The mean normalized hysteresis area for forested land use was smaller than that of urban and agricultural land uses. The hysteresis rotational direction of the agricultural land use was opposite of that of the urban and undeveloped land uses. An r2 of 0.81 for the relation between the minimum normalized NO3 + NO2 concentration during a storm vs. the normalized NO3 + NO2 concentration at peak flow suggested that dilution was the dominant process controlling NO3 + NO2 concentrations over the course of most storm events.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12477","usgsCitation":"Feinson, L.S., Gibs, J., Imbrigiotta, T., and Garrett, J.D., 2016, Effects of land use and sample location on nitrate-stream flow hysteresis descriptors during storm events: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1493-1508, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12477.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1493","endPage":"1508","ipdsId":"IP-061785","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"North Raccoon River, Passaic River, Toms 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40.950862628132775\n ],\n [\n -94.4549560546875,\n 41.19105625669688\n ],\n [\n -94.71313476562499,\n 41.422134246213616\n ],\n [\n -94.7955322265625,\n 41.80817277478235\n ],\n [\n -94.6417236328125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -94.32861328125,\n 42.1104489601222\n ],\n [\n -93.98803710937499,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -93.6968994140625,\n 42.004407212963585\n ],\n [\n -93.41125488281249,\n 41.87365126992505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff34ce4b04fc80e43725e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12477","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12477","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Feinson Lawrence S., Gibs Jacob, Imbrigiotta Thomas E., Garrett Jessica D.","journalName":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association","publicationDate":"10/31/2016","auditedOn":"12/19/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feinson, Lawrence S. lsfeinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":4232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinson","given":"Lawrence","email":"lsfeinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":654483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182736,"text":"70182736 - 2016 - Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:22:19","indexId":"70182736","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data","docAbstract":"National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network precipitation type, snow-season duration, and annual timing of selected chemical wet-deposition maxima vary with latitude and longitude within a 35-year (1979–2013) data record for the contiguous United States and Alaska. From the NADP data collected within the region bounded by 35.6645°–48.782° north latitude and 124°–68° west longitude, similarities in latitudinal and longitudinal patterns of changing snow-season duration, fraction of annual precipitation recorded as snow, and the timing of chemical wet-deposition maxima, suggest that the chemical climate of the atmosphere is linked to physical changes in climate. Total annual precipitation depth has increased 4–6 % while snow season duration has decreased from approximately 7 to 21 days across most of the USA, except in higher elevation regions where it has increased by as much as 21 days. Snow-season precipitation is increasingly comprised of snow, but annually total precipitation is increasingly comprised of liquid precipitation. Meanwhile, maximum ammonium deposition occurs as much as 27 days earlier, and the maximum nitrate: sulfate concentration ratio in wet-deposition occurs approximately 10–21 days earlier in the year. The maximum crustal (calcium + magnesium + potassium) cation deposition occurs 2–35 days earlier in the year. The data suggest that these shifts in the timing of atmospheric wet deposition are linked to a warming climate, but the ecological consequences are uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag ","doi":"10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Mast, M.A., 2016, Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data: Climate Dynamics, v. 47, no. 9, p. 3141-3155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"3141","endPage":"3155","ipdsId":"IP-061492","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bde4b01ccd54fddfa8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Wetherbee Gregory A., Mast M. Alisa","journalName":"Climate Dynamics","publicationDate":"2/29/2016","auditedOn":"8/1/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"2/29/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182733,"text":"70182733 - 2016 - Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:26:51","indexId":"70182733","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements","docAbstract":"Comparative measurements of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in wood are hampered by the lack of proper reference materials (RMs). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has prepared three powdered, whole-wood RMs, USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian lodgepole pine), USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote), and USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood). The stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in these RMs span ranges as δ2HVSMOW from –150.4 to –28.2 mUr or ‰, as δ18OVSMOW from + 17.79 to + 27.23 mUr, as δ13CVPDB from –27.13 to –24.34 mUr, and as δ15N AIR-N2 from –2.42 to + 1.8 mUr. These RMs will enable users to normalize measurements of wood samples to isotope–delta scales, and they are intended primarily for the normalization of δ2H and δ18O measurements of unknown wood samples. However, they also are suitable for normalization of stable isotope measurements of carbon and nitrogen in wood samples. In addition, these RMs are suitable for inter-laboratory calibration for the dual-water suilibration procedure for the measurements of δ2HVSMOW values of non-exchangeable hydrogen. The isotopic compositions with 1-σ uncertainties, mass fractions of each element, and fractions of exchangeable hydrogen of these materials are:
USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian Lodgepole pine)
δ2HVSMOW = –150.4 ± 1.1 mUr (n = 29), hydrogen mass fraction = 6.00 ± 0.04 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 5.4 ± 0.6 % (n = 29)
δ18OVSMOW = + 17.79 ± 0.15 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 40.4 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –24.43 ± 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 48.3 ± 0.4 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = –2.42 ± 0.32 mUr (n = 17), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.05 % (n = 4)
USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote)
δ2HVSMOW = –28.2 ± 1.7 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 ± 0.06 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 4.1 ± 0.5 % (n = 30)
δ18OVSMOW = + 19.12 ± 0.07 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 35.3 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –27.13 ± 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 53.3 ± 0.6 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = –0.3 ± 0.4 mUr (n = 16), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.25 % (n = 4)
USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood)
δ2HVSMOW = –44.0 ± 1.8 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 ± 0.05 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 6.6 ± 0.3 % (n = 30)
δ18OVSMOW = + 27.23 ± 0.03 mUr (n = 12), oxygen mass fraction = 41.1 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –24.34 ± 0.01 mUr (n = 12), carbon mass fraction = 47.3 ± 0.2 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = + 1.8 ± 0.4 mUr (n = 15), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.27 % (n = 4)
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.017","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., and Jordan, J.A., 2016, Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements: Chemical Geology, v. 442, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.017.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-076497","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"442","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bee4b01ccd54fddfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, James A.","contributorId":184070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192473,"text":"70192473 - 2016 - Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T14:17:49","indexId":"70192473","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"Plate-boundary rifting between transform faults is opening the Imperial Valley of southern California and the rift is rapidly filling with sediment from the Colorado River. Three 65–90 km long seismic refraction profiles across and along the valley, acquired as part of the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project, were analyzed to constrain upper crustal structure and the transition from sediment to underlying crystalline rock. Both first arrival travel-time tomography and frequency-domain full-waveform inversion were applied to provide P-wave velocity models down to ∼7 km depth. The valley margins are fault-bounded, beyond which thinner sediment has been deposited on preexisting crystalline rocks. Within the central basin, seismic velocity increases continuously from ∼1.8 km/s sediment at the surface to >6 km/s crystalline rock with no sharp discontinuity. Borehole data show young sediment is progressively metamorphosed into crystalline rock. The seismic velocity gradient with depth decreases approximately at the 4 km/s contour, which coincides with changes in the porosity and density gradient in borehole core samples. This change occurs at ∼3 km depth in most of the valley, but at only ∼1.5 km depth in the Salton Sea geothermal field. We interpret progressive metamorphism caused by high heat flow to be creating new crystalline crust throughout the valley at a rate comparable to the ≥2 km/Myr sedimentation rate. The newly formed crystalline crust extends to at least 7–8 km depth, and it is shallower and faster where heat flow is higher. Most of the active seismicity occurs within this new crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016GC006610","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Hole, J., Stock, J., Fuis, G.S., Williams, C.F., Delph, J., Davenport, K., and Livers, A., 2016, Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 11, p. 4566-4584, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006610.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"4566","endPage":"4584","ipdsId":"IP-081132","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 33.72662401401029\n ],\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 33.72662401401029\n ],\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 32.667124733120325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbbe4b0531197afa00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang","contributorId":49690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hole, John","contributorId":198438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hole","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, Joann","contributorId":198439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Joann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delph, Jonathan","contributorId":198440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delph","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davenport, Kathy","contributorId":198441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Livers, Amanda","contributorId":198442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livers","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192022,"text":"70192022 - 2016 - Microrefuges and the occurrence of thermal specialists: implications for wildlife persistence amidst changing temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T15:05:42","indexId":"70192022","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5385,"text":"Climate Change Responses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microrefuges and the occurrence of thermal specialists: implications for wildlife persistence amidst changing temperatures","docAbstract":"Background
Contemporary climate change is affecting nearly all biomes, causing shifts in animal distributions, phenology, and persistence. Favorable microclimates may buffer organisms against rapid changes in climate, thereby allowing time for populations to adapt. The degree to which microclimates facilitate the local persistence of climate-sensitive species, however, is largely an open question. We addressed the importance of microrefuges in mammalian thermal specialists, using the American pika (Ochotona princeps) as a model organism. Pikas are sensitive to ambient temperatures, and are active year-round in the alpine where conditions are highly variable. We tested four hypotheses about the relationship between microrefuges and pika occurrence: 1) Local-habitat Hypothesis (local-habitat conditions are paramount, regardless of microrefuge); 2) Surface-temperature Hypothesis (surrounding temperatures, unmoderated by microrefuge, best predict occurrence); 3) Interstitial-temperature Hypothesis (temperatures within microrefuges best predict occurrence), and 4) Microrefuge Hypothesis (the degree to which microrefuges moderate the surrounding temperature facilitates occurrence, regardless of other habitat characteristics). We examined pika occurrence at 146 sites across an elevational gradient. We quantified pika presence, physiographic habitat characteristics and forage availability at each site, and deployed paired temperature loggers at a subset of sites to measure surface and subterranean temperatures.
Results
We found strong support for the Microrefuge Hypothesis. Pikas were more likely to occur at sites where the subsurface environment substantially moderated surface temperatures, especially during the warm season. Microrefugium was the strongest predictor of pika occurrence, independent of other critical habitat characteristics, such as forage availability.
Conclusions
By modulating surface temperatures, microrefuges may strongly influence where temperature-limited animals persist in rapidly warming environments. As climate change continues to manifest, efforts to understand the changing dynamics of animal-habitat relationships will be enhanced by considering the quality of microrefuges.
Appendix G: Hanson Russian River Ponds Floodplain Restoration: Feasibility Study and Conceptual Design |G-1Appendix GPhysical Evaluation of the Restoration AlternativesRichard McDonald and Jonathan Nelson, PhDU.S. Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, Golden, ColoradoIntroductionTo assess the relative and overall impacts of the scenarios proposed in Chapters 7 and 9,(Stage I-A–I-D and Stage II-A –II-E), each of the topographic configurations were evaluated over a range of flows. Thisevaluation was carried out using computational flow modeling tools available in the iRIC public-domain river modeling interface (www.i-ric.org, Nelsonet al.in press). Using the iRIC modeling tools described in more detail below, basic hydraulic computations of water-surface elevation, velocity, shear stress, and other hydraulic variables were carried out for the alternatives in the reach surrounding the project area, from the confluence of Dry Creek upstream to the Wohler road bridge downstream, for the full range of observed flows. This methodology allows comparison of the current channel configuration with the proposed alternatives in terms of inundation period and frequency, depth, water velocity, and other hydraulic information. By integrating this kind of information over the reach of interest and the flow record, critical metrics assessing the impacts of various topographic modifications can be compared to those same metrics for the existing condition or other modification scenarios. In addition, because the iRIC tools include predictions of sediment mobility, suspension of fines, and the potential evolution of the land surface in response to flow, these methods provide evaluation of sediment transport, stability of current and proposed surfaces, and evaluation of how these surfaces might evolve into the future. This hydraulic and sediment transport information is critically important for understanding theimpacts of various proposed alternatives on the physical system; perhaps even more importantly given the objectives of the proposed restoration, this information can be related to biological impacts, as is discussed in subsequent chapters of this document.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hanson Russian River Ponds floodplain restoration: Feasibility study and conceptual design","language":"English","publisher":"California Coastal Commision","usgsCitation":"McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2016, Hanson Russian River Ponds floodplain restoration: Feasibility study and conceptual design; Appendix G: Physical evaluation of the restoration alternatives, chap. of Hanson Russian River Ponds floodplain restoration: Feasibility study and conceptual design, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","ipdsId":"IP-067536","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee952e4b0da30c1bfc54c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178341,"text":"70178341 - 2016 - Prediction of pesticide toxicity in Midwest streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:40:43","indexId":"70178341","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of pesticide toxicity in Midwest streams","docAbstract":"
The occurrence of pesticide mixtures is common in stream waters of the United States, and the impact of multiple compounds on aquatic organisms is not well understood. Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models were developed to predict Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) values in unmonitored streams in the Midwest and are referred to as WARP-PTI models. The PTI is a tool for assessing the relative toxicity of pesticide mixtures to fish, benthic invertebrates, and cladocera in stream water. One hundred stream sites in the Midwest were sampled weekly in May through August 2013, and the highest calculated PTI for each site was used as the WARP-PTI model response variable. Watershed characteristics that represent pesticide sources and transport were used as the WARP-PTI model explanatory variables. Three WARP-PTI models—fish, benthic invertebrates, and cladocera—were developed that include watershed characteristics describing toxicity-weighted agricultural use intensity, land use, agricultural management practices, soil properties, precipitation, and hydrologic properties. The models explained between 41 and 48% of the variability in the measured PTI values. WARP-PTI model evaluation with independent data showed reasonable performance with no clear bias. The models were applied to streams in the Midwest to demonstrate extrapolation for a regional assessment to indicate vulnerable streams and to guide more intensive monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2015.12.0624","usgsCitation":"Shoda, M.E., Stone, W.W., and Nowell, L.H., 2016, Prediction of pesticide toxicity in Midwest streams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 45, no. 6, p. 1856-1864, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.12.0624.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1856","endPage":"1864","ipdsId":"IP-064521","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.12.0624","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb45e4b0c253bdfff0af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoda, Megan E. 0000-0002-5343-9717 meshoda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-9717","contributorId":4352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoda","given":"Megan","email":"meshoda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180259,"text":"70180259 - 2016 - Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part II: Subcellular distribution following sediment exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:25:55","indexId":"70180259","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part II: Subcellular distribution following sediment exposure","docAbstract":"The use and likely incidental release of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is steadily increasing. Despite the increasing amount of published literature on metal NP toxicity in the aquatic environment, very little is known about the biological fate of NPs after sediment exposures. Here, we compare the bioavailability and subcellular distribution of copper oxide (CuO) NPs and aqueous Cu (Cu-Aq) in the sediment-dwelling worm Lumbriculus variegatus. Ten days (d) sediment exposure resulted in marginal Cu bioaccumulation in L. variegatus for both forms of Cu. Bioaccumulation was detected because isotopically enriched 65Cu was used as a tracer. Neither burrowing behavior or survival was affected by the exposure. Once incorporated into tissue, Cu loss was negligible over 10 d of elimination in clean sediment (Cu elimination rate constants were not different from zero). With the exception of day 10, differences in bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution between Cu forms were either not detectable or marginal. After 10 d of exposure to Cu-Aq, the accumulated Cu was primarily partitioned in the subcellular fraction containing metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP, ≈40%) and cellular debris (CD, ≈30%). Cu concentrations in these fractions were significantly higher than in controls. For worms exposed to CuO NPs for 10 d, most of the accumulated Cu was partitioned in the CD fraction (≈40%), which was the only subcellular fraction where the Cu concentration was significantly higher than for the control group. Our results indicate that L. variegatus handle the two Cu forms differently. However, longer-term exposures are suggested in order to clearly highlight differences in the subcellular distribution of these two Cu forms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.011","usgsCitation":"Thit, A., Ramskov, T., Croteau, M.N., and Selck, H., 2016, Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part II: Subcellular distribution following sediment exposure: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 180, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-072865","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thit, Amalie","contributorId":141022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thit","given":"Amalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13657,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramskov, Tina","contributorId":140202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramskov","given":"Tina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13410,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selck, Henriette","contributorId":28475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selck","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":13410,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179079,"text":"70179079 - 2016 - Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:11:03","indexId":"70179079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","docAbstract":"The Wallula fault zone is an integral feature of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, an ∼500-km-long topographic lineament oblique to the Cascadia plate boundary, extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Walla Walla, Washington. The structure and past earthquake activity of the Wallula fault zone are important because of nearby infrastructure, and also because the fault zone defines part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament in south-central Washington and suggests that the Olympic-Wallowa lineament may have a structural origin. We used aeromagnetic and ground magnetic data to locate the trace of the Wallula fault zone in the subsurface and map a quarry exposure of the Wallula fault zone near Finley, Washington, to investigate past earthquakes along the fault. We mapped three main packages of rocks and unconsolidated sediments in an ∼10-m-high quarry exposure. Our mapping suggests at least three late Pleistocene earthquakes with surface rupture, and an episode of liquefaction in the Holocene along the Wallula fault zone. Faint striae on the master fault surface are subhorizontal and suggest reverse dextral oblique motion for these earthquakes, consistent with dextral offset on the Wallula fault zone inferred from offset aeromagnetic anomalies associated with ca. 8.5 Ma basalt dikes. Magnetic surveys show that the Wallula fault actually lies 350 m to the southwest of the trace shown on published maps, passes directly through deformed late Pleistocene or younger deposits exposed at Finley quarry, and extends uninterrupted over 120 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31359.1","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, B.L., Blakely, R.J., Lasher, J.P., Lamb, A.P., Mahan, S.A., Foit, F.F., and Barnett, E., 2016, Active faulting on the Wallula fault zone within the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, Washington State, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 128, no. 11-12, p. 1636-1659, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31359.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1636","endPage":"1659","ipdsId":"IP-066033","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Q68HZT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Luminescence data for: Trench Exposures across the Dead Coyote fault scarp in Kittitas Valley, Washington"},{"id":340633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"128","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a3e4b022cee40dc22c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasher, John P.","contributorId":191562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasher","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamb, Andrew P. alamb@usgs.gov","contributorId":5720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Andrew","email":"alamb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foit, Franklin F.","contributorId":191563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foit","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, Elizabeth eli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194545,"text":"70194545 - 2016 - A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T11:00:44","indexId":"70194545","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System","docAbstract":"A module to simulate glacier runoff, PRMSglacier, was added to PRMS (Precipitation Runoff Modeling System), a distributed-parameter, physical-process hydrological simulation code. The extension does not require extensive on-glacier measurements or computational expense but still relies on physical principles over empirical relations as much as is feasible while maintaining model usability. PRMSglacier is validated on two basins in Alaska, Wolverine, and Gulkana Glacier basin, which have been studied since 1966 and have a substantial amount of data with which to test model performance over a long period of time covering a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions. When error in field measurements is considered, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies of streamflow are 0.87 and 0.86, the absolute bias fractions of the winter mass balance simulations are 0.10 and 0.08, and the absolute bias fractions of the summer mass balances are 0.01 and 0.03, all computed over 42 years for the Wolverine and Gulkana Glacier basins, respectively. Without taking into account measurement error, the values are still within the range achieved by the more computationally expensive codes tested over shorter time periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003789","usgsCitation":"Van Beusekom, A.E., and Viger, R.J., 2016, A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 11, p. 2001-2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003789.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2001","endPage":"2021","ipdsId":"IP-081396","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HMV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Supporting data for A Glacier Runoff Extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System"},{"id":349679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc9be4b06e28e9c24045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Beusekom, Ashley E. 0000-0002-6996-978X beusekom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-978X","contributorId":3992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beusekom","given":"Ashley","email":"beusekom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194308,"text":"70194308 - 2016 - Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T11:48:40","indexId":"70194308","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","docAbstract":"Climate changes are expected to increase fire frequency, fire season length, and cumulative area burned in the western United States. We focus on the potential impact of mid-21st-century climate changes on annual burn probability, fire season length, and large fire characteristics including number and size for a study area in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Although large fires are rare they account for most of the area burned in western North America, burn under extreme weather conditions, and exhibit behaviors that preclude methods of direct control. Allocation of resources, development of management plans, and assessment of fire effects on ecosystems all require an understanding of when and where fires are likely to burn, particularly under altered climate regimes that may increase large fire occurrence. We used the large fire simulation model FSim to model ignition, growth, and containment of wildfires under two climate scenarios: contemporary (based on instrumental weather) and mid-century (based on an ensemble average of global climate models driven by the A1B SRES emissions scenario). Modeled changes in fire patterns include increased annual burn probability, particularly in areas of the study region with relatively short contemporary fire return intervals; increased individual fire size and annual area burned; and fewer years without large fires. High fire danger days, represented by threshold values of Energy Release Component (ERC), are projected to increase in number, especially in spring and fall, lengthening the climatic fire season. For fire managers, ERC is an indicator of fire intensity potential and fire economics, with higher ERC thresholds often associated with larger, more expensive fires. Longer periods of elevated ERC may significantly increase the cost and complexity of fire management activities, requiring new strategies to maintain desired ecological conditions and limit fire risk. Increased fire activity (within the historical range of frequency and severity, and depending on the extent to which ecosystems are adapted) may maintain or restore ecosystem functionality; however, in areas that are highly departed from historical fire regimes or where there is disequilibrium between climate and vegetation, ecosystems may be rapidly and persistently altered by wildfires, especially those that burn under extreme conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1543","usgsCitation":"Riley, K.L., and Loehman, R.A., 2016, Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, e01543; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543.","productDescription":"e01543; 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076686","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc9ce4b06e28e9c24048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Karin L.","contributorId":169453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25512,"text":"US Forest Service Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182102,"text":"70182102 - 2016 - Response of imperiled Okaloosa darters to stream restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:26:40","indexId":"70182102","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of imperiled Okaloosa darters to stream restoration","docAbstract":"The Okaloosa Darter Etheostoma okaloosae is a small percid endemic to six stream drainages in northwestern Florida. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Okaloosa Darters as endangered in 1973 and downlisted them to threatened in 2011 because of habitat improvements and increasing abundance across much of their geographic range. Delisting is possible if remaining recovery criteria are met, including restoration of degraded stream reaches. Impounded reaches of Anderson Branch, Mill Creek, and Toms Creek were restored by removing impediments to water flow, draining impoundments, and reconstructing stream reaches. Restorations of Anderson Branch and Mill Creek were designed to rehabilitate populations of Okaloosa Darters without significantly affecting popular recreational activities at these locations. Restorations were evaluated from 2007 to 2013 by comparing counts of Okaloosa Darters and the composition of microhabitats in restored and nearby undisturbed reference sites. Okaloosa Darters were absent from degraded stream reaches at the beginning of the study, but they rapidly colonized once restorations were completed. Counts of Okaloosa Darters in reference and restoration sites in Anderson Branch were similar by the end of the study, whereas counts in restoration sites were significantly lower than nearby reference sites in Mill and Toms creeks. Restoration sites tended to have lower coverage of sand and root and higher coverage of macrophytes. As riparian vegetation surrounding restoration sites matures to a closed canopy that reduces excessive growth of macrophytes, stream microhabitats and numbers of darters will probably become similar to reference sites. Restoration of degraded stream sites increased abundance and distribution of Okaloosa Darters and reconnected formerly isolated upstream and downstream populations. These projects demonstrated that restoration is a useful conservation tool for imperiled fishes such as Okaloosa Darters and can be undertaken without interfering with popular recreational activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1227402","usgsCitation":"Reeves, D.B., Tate, W.B., Jelks, H.L., and Jordan, F., 2016, Response of imperiled Okaloosa darters to stream restoration: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1375-1385, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1227402.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1375","endPage":"1385","ipdsId":"IP-071744","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.70272827148438,\n 30.496017831341284\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 30.496017831341284\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 30.92814479412135\n ],\n [\n -86.70272827148438,\n 30.92814479412135\n ],\n [\n -86.70272827148438,\n 30.496017831341284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c82ce4b025c46428626a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, David B.","contributorId":181809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, William B.","contributorId":181810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":168997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordan, Frank","contributorId":181811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186283,"text":"70186283 - 2016 - When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:47:19","indexId":"70186283","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation","docAbstract":"Climate change is facilitating rapid changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation at northern latitudes, raising questions about the responses of wildlife that rely on arctic ecosystems. One widely observed change occurring in arctic tundra ecosystems is an increasing dominance of deciduous shrub vegetation. Our goals were to examine the tolerance of arctic-nesting bird species to existing gradients of vegetation along the boreal forest-tundra ecotone, to predict the abundance of species across different heights and densities of shrubs, and to identify species that will be most or least responsive to ongoing expansion of shrubs in tundra ecosystems. We conducted 1,208 point counts on 12 study blocks from 2012–2014 in northwestern Alaska, using repeated surveys to account for imperfect detection of birds. We considered the importance of shrub height, density of low and tall shrubs (i.e. shrubs >0.5 m tall), percent of ground cover attributed to shrubs (including dwarf shrubs <0.5 m tall), and percent of herbaceous plant cover in predicting bird abundance. Among 17 species considered, only gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus) abundance was associated with the highest values of all shrub metrics in its top predictive model. All other species either declined in abundance in response to one or more shrub metrics or reached a threshold where further increases in shrubs did not contribute to greater abundance. In many instances the relationship between avian abundance and shrubs was nonlinear, with predicted abundance peaking at moderate values of the covariate, then declining at high values. In particular, a large number of species were responsive to increasing values of average shrub height with six species having highest abundance at near-zero values of shrub height and abundance of four other species decreasing once heights reached moderate values (≤ 33 cm). Our findings suggest that increases in shrub cover and density will negatively affect abundance of only a few bird species and may potentially be beneficial for many others. As shrub height increases further, however, a considerable number of tundra bird species will likely find habitat increasingly unsuitable.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0164755","usgsCitation":"Thompson, S.J., Handel, C.M., Richardson, R.M., and McNew, L.B., 2016, When winners become losers: Predicted nonlinear responses of arctic birds to increasing woody vegetation: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164755.","productDescription":"e0164755; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-075257","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CN722Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Avian Point Count, Habitat, and Covariate Data for Subarctic Bird Abundance, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2012-2014"},{"id":339308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 64.33039136366138\n ],\n [\n -161.60888671875,\n 64.33039136366138\n ],\n [\n -161.60888671875,\n 66.63119845535732\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 66.63119845535732\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 64.33039136366138\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"11","tableOfContents":"Climate change is facilitating rapid changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation at northern latitudes, raising questions about the responses of wildlife that rely on arctic ecosystems. One widely observed change occurring in arctic tundra ecosystems is an increasing dominance of deciduous shrub vegetation. Our goals were to examine the tolerance of arctic-nesting bird species to existing gradients of vegetation along the boreal forest-tundra ecotone, to predict the abundance of species across different heights and densities of shrubs, and to identify species that will be most or least responsive to ongoing expansion of shrubs in tundra ecosystems. We conducted 1,208 point counts on 12 study blocks from 2012–2014 in northwestern Alaska, using repeated surveys to account for imperfect detection of birds. We considered the importance of shrub height, density of low and tall shrubs (i.e. shrubs >0.5 m tall), percent of ground cover attributed to shrubs (including dwarf shrubs <0.5 m tall), and percent of herbaceous plant cover in predicting bird abundance. Among 17 species considered, only gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus) abundance was associated with the highest values of all shrub metrics in its top predictive model. All other species either declined in abundance in response to one or more shrub metrics or reached a threshold where further increases in shrubs did not contribute to greater abundance. In many instances the relationship between avian abundance and shrubs was nonlinear, with predicted abundance peaking at moderate values of the covariate, then declining at high values. In particular, a large number of species were responsive to increasing values of average shrub height with six species having highest abundance at near-zero values of shrub height and abundance of four other species decreasing once heights reached moderate values (≤ 33 cm). Our findings suggest that increases in shrub cover and density will negatively affect abundance of only a few bird species and may potentially be beneficial for many others. As shrub height increases further, however, a considerable number of tundra bird species will likely find habitat increasingly unsuitable.
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e753ede4b09da6799c0c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Sarah J. 0000-0002-5733-8198 sjthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-8198","contributorId":5434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Sarah","email":"sjthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Rachel M. 0000-0001-8501-250X rrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-250X","contributorId":205918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Rachel","email":"rrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNew, Lance B.","contributorId":190322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNew","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191147,"text":"70191147 - 2016 - Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the Landsat archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T17:15:13","indexId":"70191147","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the Landsat archive","docAbstract":"Groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) rely on near-surface groundwater. These systems are receiving more attention with rising air temperature, prolonged drought, and where groundwater pumping captures natural groundwater discharge for anthropogenic use. Phreatophyte shrublands, meadows, and riparian areas are GDEs that provide critical habitat for many sensitive species, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. While GDEs are vital for ecosystem services and function, their long-term (i.e. ~ 30 years) spatial and temporal variability is poorly understood with respect to local and regional scale climate, groundwater, and rangeland management. In this work, we compute time series of NDVI derived from sensors of the Landsat TM, ETM +, and OLI lineage for assessing GDEs in a variety of land and water management contexts. Changes in vegetation vigor based on climate, groundwater availability, and land management in arid landscapes are detectable with Landsat. However, the effective quantification of these ecosystem changes can be undermined if changes in spectral bandwidths between different Landsat sensors introduce biases in derived vegetation indices, and if climate, and land and water management histories are not well understood. The objective of this work is to 1) use the Landsat 8 under-fly dataset to quantify differences in spectral reflectance and NDVI between Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI for a range of vegetation communities in arid and semiarid regions of the southwestern United States, and 2) demonstrate the value of 30-year historical vegetation index and climate datasets for assessing GDEs. Specific study areas were chosen to represent a range of GDEs and environmental conditions important for three scenarios: baseline monitoring of vegetation and climate, riparian restoration, and groundwater level changes. Google's Earth Engine cloud computing and environmental monitoring platform is used to rapidly access and analyze the Landsat archive along with downscaled North American Land Data Assimilation System gridded meteorological data, which are used for both atmospheric correction and correlation analysis. Results from the cross-sensor comparison indicate a benefit from the application of a consistent atmospheric correction method, and that NDVI derived from Landsat 7 and 8 are very similar within the study area. Results from continuous Landsat time series analysis clearly illustrate that there are strong correlations between changes in vegetation vigor, precipitation, evaporative demand, depth to groundwater, and riparian restoration. Trends in summer NDVI associated with riparian restoration and groundwater level changes were found to be statistically significant, and interannual summer NDVI was found to be moderately correlated to interannual water-year precipitation for baseline study sites. Results clearly highlight the complementary relationship between water-year PPT, NDVI, and evaporative demand, and are consistent with regional vegetation index and complementary relationship studies. This work is supporting land and water managers for evaluation of GDEs with respect to climate, groundwater, and resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.004","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J., McGwire, K.C., Morton, C., Snyder, K.A., Peterson, S., Erickson, T., Niswonger, R., Carroll, R.W., Smith, G., and Allen, R., 2016, Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the Landsat archive: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 185, p. 186-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-072882","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ccb8a6e4b017cf314383de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Justin","contributorId":33413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGwire, Kenneth C.","contributorId":140699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGwire","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Charles","contributorId":178787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morton","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Keirith A.","contributorId":178786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Keirith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Sarah","contributorId":196734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erickson, Tyler","contributorId":196735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Tyler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":711365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carroll, Rosemary W.H.","contributorId":39928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Guy","contributorId":196736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Allen, Richard","contributorId":86694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70178008,"text":"70178008 - 2016 - A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:24:24.661032","indexId":"70178008","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Flow 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J.E., Mason,, R., and Cohn, T., 2016, A survey of uncertainty in stage-discharge rating curves and streamflow records in the United States, in River Flow 2016, p. 724-728.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"728","ipdsId":"IP-074015","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/river-flow-2016-george-constantinescu-marcelo-garcia-dan-hanes/10.1201/9781315644479"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e60e4b06911a29fa852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason,, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":176493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191088,"text":"70191088 - 2016 - Metabarcoding of fecal samples to determine herbivore diets: A case study of the endangered Pacific pocket mouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T11:35:41","indexId":"70191088","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabarcoding of fecal samples to determine herbivore diets: A case study of the endangered Pacific pocket mouse","docAbstract":"Understanding the diet of an endangered species illuminates the animal’s ecology, habitat requirements, and conservation needs. However, direct observation of diet can be difficult, particularly for small, nocturnal animals such as the Pacific pocket mouse (Heteromyidae: Perognathus longimembris pacificus). Very little is known of the dietary habits of this federally endangered rodent, hindering management and restoration efforts. We used a metabarcoding approach to identify source plants in fecal samples (N = 52) from the three remaining populations known. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal loci were sequenced following the Illumina MiSeq amplicon strategy and processed reads were mapped to reference databases. We evaluated a range of threshold mapping criteria and found the best-performing setting generally recovered two distinct mock communities in proportions similar to expectation. We tested our method on captive animals fed a known diet and recovered almost all plant sources, but found substantial heterogeneity among fecal pellets collected from the same individual at the same time. Observed richness did not increase with pooling of pellets from the same individual. In field-collected samples, we identified 4–14 plant genera in individual samples and 74 genera overall, but over 50 percent of reads mapped to just six species in five genera. We simulated the effects of sequencing error, variable read length, and chimera formation to infer taxon-specific rates of misassignment for the local flora, which were generally low with some exceptions. Richness at the species and genus levels did not reach a clear asymptote, suggesting that diet breadth remained underestimated in the current pool of samples. Large numbers of scat samples are therefore needed to make inferences about diet and resource selection in future studies of the Pacific pocket mouse. We conclude that our minimally invasive method is promising for determining herbivore diets given a library of sequences from local plants.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0165366","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Vandergast, A.G., Cornman, R.S., Adams, C.R., Kohn, J.R., Fisher, R.N., and Brehme, C.S., 2016, Metabarcoding of fecal samples to determine herbivore diets: A case study of the endangered Pacific pocket mouse: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165366.","productDescription":"e0165366; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-079368","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 33.20939299295216\n ],\n [\n -117.38754272460936,\n 33.20939299295216\n ],\n [\n -117.38754272460936,\n 33.47727218776036\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 33.47727218776036\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 33.20939299295216\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ca15b0e4b017cf314041d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Cynthia R. 0000-0003-4383-530X cradams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-530X","contributorId":176965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Cynthia","email":"cradams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohn, Joshua R.","contributorId":196689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohn","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}