{"pageNumber":"1070","pageRowStart":"26725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70026583,"text":"70026583 - 2004 - Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T10:12:29","indexId":"70026583","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored &delta;<sup>15</sup>N and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +47 to +77&permil; (mean: +58&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;5 to +1&permil; (mean: &minus;3&permil;); for snow, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +52 to +75&permil; (mean: +67&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;3 to +2&permil; (mean: &minus;1&permil;). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values between +12 and +33&permil; (mean: +18&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N between &minus;3 and +6&permil; (mean: 0&permil;). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranging from &minus;5 to +15&permil;, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5576","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pardo, L.H., Kendall, C., Pett-Ridge, J., and Chang, C.C., 2004, Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2699-2712, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2699","endPage":"2712","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576"}],"volume":"18","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c00e4b0c8380cd529b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardo, Linda H.","contributorId":53243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":6726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026966,"text":"70026966 - 2004 - Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026966","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","docAbstract":"We have relocated a subset of events from the digital waveform catalogue of ???17,000 volcanic microearthquakes recorded between July 1995 and February 1996 at Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using a cross-correlation-based phase repicking technique with a joint location method. Hypocenters were estimated for 3914 earthquakes having five or more corrected P-wave picks. The seismic source region collapsed to a volume of ???1 km3 from an initial ???100 km3. Relocated events represent 36 swarms, each containing nearly identical waveforms, having source dimensions of 10 to 100 m in diameter and spatial separations on the order of 500 m or less. Each swarm occurred over a span of several hours to a few days.Triggered data appear to miss between 65% and 98% of the events that occur within these swarms, based on review of helicorder records. Visual estimates of summit dome growth show a rough correspondence between episodes of intense swarming and increases in extruded magma, although dome observations are too sparse to make a direct comparison for this time period. The limited depth range over which dome-growth-related events occur is consistent with a dynamic model of cyclic plug extrusion behavior in the shallow conduit, governed by magma supply rate, overpressure buildup and physical properties of the magma and conduit geometry. Seismic sources may occur in locally overpressured regions that result from microlite formation in a zone of rapid decompression; we propose that this zone exists in the vicinity of a detachment plane associated with the cyclic plug extrusion. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rowe, C., Thurber, C., and White, R., 2004, Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 134, no. 3, p. 199-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008.","startPage":"199","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a1e4b0c8380cd5059d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, C.A.","contributorId":71741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026664,"text":"70026664 - 2004 - Multimodal approach to seismic pavement testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026664","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multimodal approach to seismic pavement testing","docAbstract":"A multimodal approach to nondestructive seismic pavement testing is described. The presented approach is based on multichannel analysis of all types of seismic waves propagating along the surface of the pavement. The multichannel data acquisition method is replaced by multichannel simulation with one receiver. This method uses only one accelerometer-receiver and a light hammer-source, to generate a synthetic receiver array. This data acquisition technique is made possible through careful triggering of the source and results in such simplification of the technique that it is made generally available. Multiple dispersion curves are automatically and objectively extracted using the multichannel analysis of surface waves processing scheme, which is described. Resulting dispersion curves in the high frequency range match with theoretical Lamb waves in a free plate. At lower frequencies there are several branches of dispersion curves corresponding to the lower layers of different stiffness in the pavement system. The observed behavior of multimodal dispersion curves is in agreement with theory, which has been validated through both numerical modeling and the transfer matrix method, by solving for complex wave numbers. ?? ASCE / JUNE 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:6(636)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Ryden, N., Park, C., Ulriksen, P., and Miller, R., 2004, Multimodal approach to seismic pavement testing: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 130, no. 6, p. 636-645, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:6(636).","startPage":"636","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:6(636)"},{"id":234422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6030e4b0c8380cd7135d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryden, N.","contributorId":23318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryden","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulriksen, P.","contributorId":17408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulriksen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026580,"text":"70026580 - 2004 - Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026580","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington","docAbstract":"We determined survival rates, causes of mortality, and documented impacts of harvest on ???1.5-year-old male (hereafter, male) Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in 2 Washington, USA, game management units (GMUs; Skookumchuck and Snoqualmie) characterized by different hunting-season structures. We monitored 66 males (n = 28 and 38 annually) in Skookumchuck and 58 males (n = 26 and 32 annually) in Snoqualmie, September 1999-September 2001. Annual survival rates were 0.498 (SE = 0.066) in Skookumchuck and 0.519 (SE = 0.067) in Snoqualmie. Survival rates derived from population age structure did not differ from rates derived from radiotelemetry. Harvest was the primary mortality factor for each population, accounting for 67% (SE = 7; Skookumchuck) to 44% (SE = 9; Snoqualmie) of total annual mortality. Annual harvest-specific mortality rates were 0.317 (SE = 0.032) in Skookumchuck and 0.211 (SE = 0.021) in Snoqualmie, likely due to longer hunting seasons and greater hunter effort in Skookumchuck. Following the elimination of a late buck season centered on the rut in Snoqualmie, male harvest declined 56% and annual survival increased 60%, indicating that male harvest was largely additive to other mortality. Our results indicated that harvest was the primary influence on male black-tailed deer populations in Washington, was additive, and that the effect of harvest varied with hunting-season structure and hunter effort. Managers should not assume that harvesting removes a constant proportion of the male population annually, and management models that assume compensatory mortality in adult harvest may result in over-harvest of male populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bender, L.C., Schirato, G., Spencer, R., McAllister, K., and Murphie, B., 2004, Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 870-878, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"870","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2e9e4b08c986b31fa5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schirato, G.A.","contributorId":15382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirato","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, R.D.","contributorId":58064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAllister, K.R.","contributorId":23317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphie, B.L.","contributorId":25327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphie","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1002907,"text":"1002907 - 2004 - Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T18:12:51.18457","indexId":"1002907","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i> have been adversely affected by dams that can block their movements. Unlike high-head dams that preclude fish passage (unless they are equipped with fishways), the dams on the upper Mississippi River are typically low-head dams with bottom release gates that may allow fish passage under certain conditions. We evaluated the relation of dam head and river discharge to the passage of radio-tagged paddlefish through dams in the upper Mississippi River. Radio transmitters were surgically implanted into 71 paddlefish from Navigation Pools 5A and 8 of the upper Mississippi River and from two tributary rivers during fall 1994 through fall 1996. We tracked paddlefish through September 1997 and documented 53 passages through dams, 20 upstream and 33 downstream. Passages occurred mostly during spring (71%) but also occurred sporadically during summer and fall (29%). Spring passages varied among years in response to hydrologic conditions. We evaluated patterns in upstream and downstream passages with Cox proportional hazard regression models. Model results indicated that dam head height strongly affected the upstream passage of paddlefish but not the downstream passage. Several paddlefish, however, passed upstream through a dam during periods when the minimum head at the dam was substantial (<span>≥1 m</span>). In these cases, we hypothesize that paddlefish moved upstream through the lock chamber.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/T02-161","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Dewey, M.R., Knights, B., Runstrom, A., and Steingraeber, M., 2004, Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 1, p. 160-172, https://doi.org/10.1577/T02-161.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.94433593749999,\n              45.27488643704891\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63671874999997,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61180c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runstrom, A.L.","contributorId":87206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runstrom","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steingraeber, M.T.","contributorId":106192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026568,"text":"70026568 - 2004 - Can site response be predicted?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T14:52:51.825125","indexId":"70026568","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2240,"text":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can site response be predicted?","docAbstract":"Large modifications of seismic waves are produced by variations of material properties near the Earth's surface and by both surface and buried topography. These modifications, usually referred to as \"site response\", in general lead to larger motions on soil sites than on rock-like sites. Because the soil amplifications can be as large as a factor of ten, they are important in engineering applications that require the quantitative specification of ground motions. This has been recognised for years by both seismologists and engineers, and it is hard to open an earthquake journal these days without finding an article on site response. What is often missing in these studies, however, are discussions of the uncertainty of the predicted response. A number of purely observational studies demonstrate that ground motions have large site-to-site variability for a single earthquake and large earthquake-location- dependent variability for a single site. This variability makes site-specific, earthquake-specific predictions of site response quite uncertain, even if detailed geotechnical and geological information is available near the site. Predictions of site response for average classes of sites exposed to the motions from many earthquakes can be made with much greater certainty if sufficient empirical observations are available.","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/S1363246904001651","issn":"13632469","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2004, Can site response be predicted?: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, v. 8, no. 1S, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246904001651.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f339e4b0c8380cd4b692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002908,"text":"1002908 - 2004 - Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:44:25.705425","indexId":"1002908","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied how forest-bird nest success varied by landscape context from 1996 to 1998 in an agricultural region of southeastern Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa. Nest success was 48% for all nests, 82% for cavity-nesting species, and 42% for cup-nesting species. Mayfield-adjusted nest success for five common species ranged from 23% for the American Redstart (</span><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i><span>) to 43% for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (</span><i>Contopus virens</i><span>). Nest success was lowest for open-cup nesters, species that reject Brown-headed Cowbird (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) eggs, species that nest near forest edges, and Neotropical migrants. The proportion of forest core area in a 5-km radius around the plot had a weakly negative relationship with daily survival rate of nests for all species pooled and for medium or high canopy nesters, species associated with interior and edge habitats, open-cup nesters, and nests located between 75 and 199 m from an edge. The proportion of forest core area was positively related to daily survival rate only for ground and low nesters. Our findings are in contrast to a number of studies from the eastern United States reporting strong positive associations between forest area and nesting success. Supported models of habitat associations changed with the spatial scale of analysis and included variables not often considered in studies of forest birds, including the proportion of water, shrubs, and grasslands in the landscape. Forest area may not be a strong indicator of nest success in landscapes where all the available forests are fragmented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.1.116","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Niemi, G.J., Newton, W.E., and Friberg, M.A., 2004, Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture: Condor, v. 106, no. 1, p. 116-130, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.08740234375,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              42.76314586689492\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemi, Gerald J.","contributorId":71904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemi","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, M. A.","contributorId":85931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026180,"text":"70026180 - 2004 - Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026180","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"The Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea-level rise (1??03 cm year-1) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross-sections and prograding ebb-tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward > 2??2 km since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb-tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey-brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75-100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60-80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebb-tidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb-tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb-tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2-3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine-grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb-tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb-tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along sand-rich coasts by their muddy content and lack of large-scale stratification produced by channel cut-and-fills and bar migration. ?? 2004 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"FitzGerald, D.M., Kulp, M., Penland, S., Flocks, J., and Kindinger, J., 2004, Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta: Sedimentology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1157-1178, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x"},{"id":234665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e35e4b0c8380cd70884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penland, S.","contributorId":58778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, J.","contributorId":68514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026991,"text":"70026991 - 2004 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70026991","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 306 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 2002. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Zirbes, M., 2004, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 145, no. 1-4, p. 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002.","startPage":"203","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002"},{"id":235084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d43e4b0c8380cd70281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026550,"text":"70026550 - 2004 - Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026550","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","docAbstract":"We test the sensitivity of seismic hazard to three fault source models for the northwestern portion of Gujarat, India. The models incorporate different characteristic earthquake magnitudes on three faults with individual recurrence intervals of either 800 or 1600 years. These recurrence intervals imply that large earthquakes occur on one of these faults every 266-533 years, similar to the rate of historic large earthquakes in this region during the past two centuries and for earthquakes in intraplate environments like the New Madrid region in the central United States. If one assumes a recurrence interval of 800 years for large earthquakes on each of three local faults, the peak ground accelerations (PGA; horizontal) and 1-Hz spectral acceleration ground motions (5% damping) are greater than 1 g over a broad region for a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years' hazard level. These probabilistic PGAs at this hazard level are similar to median deterministic ground motions. The PGAs for 10% in 50 years' hazard level are considerably lower, generally ranging between 0.2 g and 0.7 g across northwestern Gujarat. Ground motions calculated from our models that consider fault interevent times of 800 years are considerably higher than other published models even though they imply similar recurrence intervals. These higher ground motions are mainly caused by the application of intraplate attenuation relations, which account for less severe attenuation of seismic waves when compared to the crustal interplate relations used in these previous studies. For sites in Bhuj and Ahmedabad, magnitude (M) 7 3/4 earthquakes contribute most to the PGA and the 0.2- and 1-s spectral acceleration ground motion maps at the two considered hazard levels. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Rastogi, B., Schweig, E., Harmsen, S.C., and Gomberg, J., 2004, Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 105-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004.","startPage":"105","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004"},{"id":234344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"390","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d24e4b08c986b31828f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastogi, B.K.","contributorId":23145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastogi","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, E.S.","contributorId":34538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmsen, S. C.","contributorId":59039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026223,"text":"70026223 - 2004 - Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","docAbstract":"We examined phenotypic variation in growth and development from the eyed-egg stage to the age-1+ smolt stage among five New England populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar: East Machias, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, Penobscot, Connecticut) reared in a common laboratory environment. Study populations originated from rivers varying in size, latitude, and level of hatchery supplementation and included one reintroduced population (Connecticut was a recipient of Penobscot origin stock). Phenotypic trait differences were found among populations, and the degree of stock variation depended on ontogeny. Eggs were smaller and hatched sooner in the Penobscot (a northern, intensively managed population), but no stock differences were detected in size or growth efficiency from the onset of exogenous feeding to age 0+ summer. Differences again emerged in age 0+ autumn, with the degree of bimodality in length-frequency distributions differing among stocks; the Connecticut had the highest proportion of upper-mode fish and, ultimately, age-1+ smolts. Although genetic effects could not be entirely separated from maternal effects for egg size variation, it is likely that differences in hatch timing and smolt age had a genetic basis. Early emphasis on age-1+ hatchery-reared smolts in the Connecticut may have led to divergence in smolt age between the Penobscot and Connecticut populations in less than eight generations. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f05-005","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Obedzinski, M., and Letcher, B., 2004, Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment, <i>in</i> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2314-2328, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-005.","startPage":"2314","endPage":"2328","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-005"},{"id":234217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc159e4b08c986b32a526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002918,"text":"1002918 - 2004 - Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T16:22:32.740534","indexId":"1002918","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent","docAbstract":"<p>Accurate estimates of drug concentrations in hatchery effluent are critical to assess the environmental risk of hatchery drug discharge resulting from disease treatment. This study validated two dilution simple n models to estimate chloramine-T environmental introduction concentrations by comparing measured and predicted chloramine-T concentrations using the US Geological Survey's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center aquaculture facility effluent as an example. The hydraulic characteristics of our treated raceway and effluent and the accuracy of our water flow rate measurements were confirmed with the marker dye rhodamine WT. We also used the rhodamine WT data to develop dilution models that would (1) estimate the chloramine-T concentration at a given time and location in the effluent system and (2) estimate the average chloramine-T concentration at a given location over the entire discharge period. To test our models, we predicted the chloramine-T concentration at two sample points based on effluent flow and the maintenance of chloramine-T at 20 mg/l for 60 min in the same raceway used with rhodamine WT. The effluent sample points selected (sample points A and B) represented 47 and 100% of the total effluent flow, respectively. Sample point B is-analogous to the discharge of a hatchery that does not have a detention lagoon, i.e. The sample site was downstream of the last dilution water addition following treatment. We then applied four chloramine-T flow-through treatments at 20mg/l for 60 min and measured the chloramine-T concentration in water samples collected every 15 min for about 180 min from the treated raceway and sample points A and B during and after application. The predicted chloramine-T concentration at each sampling interval was similar to the measured chloramine-T concentration at sample points A and B and was generally bounded by the measured 90% confidence intervals. The predicted aver,age chloramine-T concentrations at sample points A or B (2.8 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively) were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) from the average measured chloramine-T concentrations (2.7 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively). The close agreement between our predicted and measured chloramine-T concentrations indicate either of the dilution models could be used to adequately predict the chloramine-T environmental introduction concentration in Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center effluent.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.11.001","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Larson, W., Steuer, J.J., and Gingerich, W., 2004, Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 127-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.11.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, W.J.","contributorId":83489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026523,"text":"70026523 - 2004 - Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:04:34","indexId":"70026523","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal changes in reservoir conditions such as productivity, light, and temperature create spatiotemporal variation in habitat that may segregate or aggregate predators and prey, producing implications for the distribution, growth, and survival of fishes. We used hydroacoustics to document the diel vertical distribution of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka relative to environmental gradients at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, during May-August of 2002. Temperature, light, and zooplankton density profiles were examined relative to foraging conditions for kokanee and their primary predator, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Age-0 kokanee displayed large diel vertical migrations in May despite the lack of an energetic advantage before reservoir stratification. Age-0 kokanee minimized near-surface foraging at this time, perhaps to avoid predation by visual predators, such as lake trout, in the well-lit surface waters. Strong reservoir stratification in midsummer appeared to provide a thermal refuge from lake trout that the kokanee exploited. By August vertical migrations were shallow and most kokanee remained in the epilimnion throughout the day. Although the energetic implications of the late-summer strategy are unclear, it appears that kokanee were responding to changes in their predator environment. A robust model for kokanee diel vertical migration across a range of systems should include a predator avoidance component.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T03-1234.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J., Johnson, B., and Martinez, P., 2004, Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 6, p. 1366-1378, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-1234.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1378","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.09918975830078,\n              38.48826334067771\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.14347839355469,\n              38.47348162207647\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17987060546874,\n              38.483157271516305\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2433853149414,\n              38.485307239467645\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27153778076172,\n              38.486382199392224\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27188110351562,\n              38.50787803050539\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.30175018310547,\n              38.52909886869797\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33642578124999,\n              38.50142995467628\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33711242675781,\n              38.45573955865588\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3038101196289,\n              38.43288350196883\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.28355407714844,\n              38.46246055072804\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.22209930419922,\n              38.45735265386234\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.16064453125,\n              38.45385756866227\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.08030700683594,\n              38.46864331036054\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.04906463623047,\n              38.48154475346391\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0365e4b0c8380cd50489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, J.M.","contributorId":46274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B. M.","contributorId":71511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, P.J.","contributorId":45492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026521,"text":"70026521 - 2004 - Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:26:26.065566","indexId":"70026521","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study","docAbstract":"A regional 3-D total petroleum-system model was developed to evaluate petroleum generation and migration histories in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros fold belt in Iraq. The modeling was undertaken in conjunction with Middle East petroleum assessment studies conducted by the USGS. Regional structure maps, isopach and facies maps, and thermal maturity data were used as input to the model. The oil-generation potential of Jurassic source-rocks, the principal known source of the petroleum in Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary reservoirs in these regions, was modeled using hydrous pyrolysis (Type II-S) kerogen kinetics. Results showed that oil generation in source rocks commenced in the Late Cretaceous in intrashelf basins, peak expulsion took place in the late Miocene and Pliocene when these depocenters had expanded along the Zagros foredeep trend, and generation ended in the Holocene when deposition in the foredeep ceased. The model indicates that, at present, the majority of Jurassic source rocks in Iraq have reached or exceeded peak oil generation and most rocks have completed oil generation and expulsion. Flow-path simulations demonstrate that virtually all oil and gas fields in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros fold belt overlie mature Jurassic source rocks (vertical migration dominated) and are situated on, or close to, modeled migration pathways. Fields closest to modeled pathways associated with source rocks in local intrashelf basins were charged earliest from Late Cretaceous through the middle Miocene, and other fields filled later when compression-related traps were being formed. Model results confirm petroleum migration along major, northwest-trending folds and faults, and oil migration loss at the surface.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/geoarabia090441","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Steinshouer, D., and Lewan, M.D., 2004, Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study: GeoArabia, v. 9, no. 4, p. 41-72, https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090441.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              41.1767578125,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              41.0009765625,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              38.62792968750001,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              39.067382812500014,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              40.473632812500014,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              41.39648437499999,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              43.06640625,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              44.9560546875,\n              29.11377539511439\n            ],\n            [\n              46.58203125,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              47.4169921875,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              47.98828124999999,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              46.318359375,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              45.791015625,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              45.703125,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              44.78027343749999,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              41.87988281249999,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              41.1767578125,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77c6e4b0c8380cd7858a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinshouer, D.","contributorId":39986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinshouer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026512,"text":"70026512 - 2004 - Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026512","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic methods have isolated two ancient magnetizations in and around the Paleozoic shale-hosted Red Dog ore deposit in northern Alaska. A high-latitude, westerly magnetization carried by magnetite, termed characteristic remanent magnetization A, was found in rocks that have barite and/or substantial quartz replacement of barite. An intermediate- to low-latitude, southerly magnetization (characteristic remanent magnetization B) is carried by pyrrhotite and was found in rocks dominated by galena and sphalerite. The ages the two components are constrained by their relationship with geochemistry, radiometric age dating, and hypotheses for the Mesozoic tectonic history of the Brooks Range. Characteristic remanent magnetization A fails the fold test so it must postdate the end of Brookian orogenesis (??? 150 Ma). It is always found with replacement quartz that has a radiometric date (white mica from a vug, 39Ar/40Ar) of 126 Ma. The paleolatitude for characteristic remanent magnetization B is too shallow to be Mesozoic or younger, regardless of the model for the tectonic origin of northern Alaska, and must predate Brookian orogenesis. Geologic mapping suggests that most of the ore is syngenetic, formed at 330 to 340 Ma, and a radiometric date (Re-Os on pyrite) yields an age of 338 Ma. Since characteristic remanent magnetization B predates deformation, is found in mineralized rocks and is carried by pyrrhotite, it was probably acquired during the mineralizing process as well. The combined radiometric ages and paleomagnetic data sets can be best interpreted by assuming that northern Alaska was part of an accreted terrane that was translated northward by about 30?? into its current location relative to the rest of North America and then rotated counterclockwise by 50?? to 70??. This tectonic interpretation yields plausible magnetization ages for both characteristic remanent magnetization A and B. Geologic evidence, isotopic ages, and paleomagnetic data indicate formation of the deposit at a paleolatitude that is much lower than today. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1555","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Lewchuk, M.T., Leach, D.L., Kelley, K., and Symons, D.T., 2004, Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1555-1567, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1555.","startPage":"1555","endPage":"1567","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1555"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a742ce4b0c8380cd774b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T. A.","contributorId":26824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026496,"text":"70026496 - 2004 - Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026496","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about the steady increase in nitrate concentrations over the past several decades in many of Florida's first magnitude spring waters (discharge ???2.8 m3/s), multiple isotopic and other chemical tracers were analyzed in water samples from 12 large springs to assess sources and timescales of nitrate contamination. Nitrate-N concentrations in spring waters ranged from 0.50 to 4.2 mg/L, and ??15N values of nitrate in spring waters ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 per mil. Most ??15N values were below 6 per mil indicating that inorganic fertilizers were the dominant source of nitrogen in these waters. Apparent ages of groundwater discharging from springs ranged from 5 to about 35 years, based on multi-tracer analyses (CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H/3He) and a piston flow assumption; however, apparent tracer ages generally were not concordant. The most reliable spring-water ages appear to be based on tritium and 3He data, because concentrations of CFCs and SF6 in several spring waters were much higher than would be expected from equilibration with modern atmospheric concentrations. Data for all tracers were most consistent with output curves for exponential and binary mixing models that represent mixtures of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer recharged since the early 1960s. Given that groundwater transit times are on the order of decades and are related to the prolonged input of nitrogen from multiple sources to the aquifer, nitrate could persist in groundwater that flows toward springs for several decades due to slow transport of solutes through the aquifer matrix.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., 2004, Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida: Environmental Geology, v. 46, no. 6-7, p. 689-706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9.","startPage":"689","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9"},{"id":234018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9383e4b08c986b31a51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026494,"text":"70026494 - 2004 - VEMAP Phase 2 bioclimatic database. I. Gridded historical (20th century) climate for modeling ecosystem dynamics across the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-23T15:54:55.988373","indexId":"70026494","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VEMAP Phase 2 bioclimatic database. I. Gridded historical (20th century) climate for modeling ecosystem dynamics across the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis and simulation of biospheric responses to historical forcing require surface climate data that capture those aspects of climate that control ecological processes, including key spatial gradients and modes of temporal variability. We developed a multivariate, gridded historical climate dataset for the conterminous USA as a common input database for the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), a biogeochemical and dynamic vegetation model intercomparison. The dataset covers the period <span>1895—1993 on a 0.5°</span> latitude/longitude grid. Climate is represented at both monthly and daily timesteps. Variables are: precipitation, mininimum and maximum temperature, total incident solar radiation, daylight-period irradiance, vapor pressure, and daylight-period relative humidity. The dataset was derived from US Historical Climate Network (HCN), cooperative network, and snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) monthly precipitation and mean minimum and maximum temperature station data. We employed techniques that rely on geostatistical and physical relationships to create the temporally and spatially complete dataset. We developed a local kriging prediction model to infill discontinuous and limited-length station records based on spatial autocorrelation structure of climate anomalies. A spatial interpolation model (PRISM) that accounts for physiographic controls was used to grid the infilled monthly station data. We implemented a stochastic weather generator (modified WGEN) to disaggregate the gridded monthly series to dailies. Radiation and humidity variables were estimated from the dailies using a physically-based empirical surface climate model (MTCLIM3). Derived datasets include a 100 yr model spin-up climate and a historical Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) dataset. The VEMAP dataset exhibits statistically significant trends in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, and PDSI for US National Assessment regions. The historical climate and companion datasets are available online at data archive centers.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/cr027151","usgsCitation":"Kittel, T., Rosenbloom, N., Royle, J., Daly, C., Gibson, W., Fisher, H., Thornton, P., Yates, D., Aulenbach, S., Kaufman, C., McKeown, R., Bachelet, D., Schimel, D.S., Neilson, R., Lenihan, J., Drapek, R., Ojima, D., Parton, W., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Tian, H., McGuire, A., Sykes, M., Smith, B., Cowling, S., Hickler, T., Prentice, I.C., Running, S., Hibbard, K., Post, W., King, A., Smith, T., Rizzo, B., and Woodward, F., 2004, VEMAP Phase 2 bioclimatic database. I. Gridded historical (20th century) climate for modeling ecosystem dynamics across the conterminous USA: Climate Research, v. 27, no. 6, p. 151-170, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr027151.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr027151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n               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,{"id":70026997,"text":"70026997 - 2004 - Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026997","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","docAbstract":"Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30-40% of pore space or 20-26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally <2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones ???10 m thick, and may occur in up to ???20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A., Long, P., Torres, M., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D., Milkov, A., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W., Claypool, G., Delwiche, M., Dickens, G., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J., Lee, Y., Liu, C., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M.E., and Weinberger, J., 2004, Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 222, no. 3-4, p. 845-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035.","startPage":"845","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb326e4b08c986b325bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohrmann, G.","contributorId":50700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrmann","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rack, F.R.","contributorId":24147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rack","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collett, T. 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E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Weinberger, J.L.","contributorId":95662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70026471,"text":"70026471 - 2004 - Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026471","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","docAbstract":"Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual (June-June) precipitation spanning 1260-1998 A.D. The reconstruction exhibits considerable nonstationarity, and the instrumental era (post-1900) in particular fails to capture the full range of precipitation variability experienced in the past ???750 years. Both single-year and decadal-scale dry events were more severe before 1900. Dry spells in the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries surpass both magnitude and duration of any droughts in the Bighorn Basin after 1900. Precipitation variability appears to shift to a higher-frequency mode after 1750, with 15-20-yr droughts becoming rare. Comparisons between instrumental and reconstructed values of precipitation and indices of Pacific basin variability reveal that precipitation in the Bighorn Basin generally responds to Pacific forcing in a manner similar to that of the southwestern United States (drier during La Nin??a events), but high country precipitation in areas surrounding the basin displays the opposite response (drier during El Nin??o events). ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Fastie, C., Jackson, S., and Betancourt, J., 2004, Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 19, p. 3855-3865, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3865","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:tropit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a6e4b08c986b3273db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fastie, C.L.","contributorId":66034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fastie","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026999,"text":"70026999 - 2004 - Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:43:51","indexId":"70026999","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Chromium stable isotope values can be effectively used to monitor reduction of Cr(VI) in natural waters. We investigate effects of sorption during transport of Cr(VI) which may also shift Cr isotopes values, complicating efforts to quantify reduction. This study shows that Cr stable isotope fractionation caused by sorption is negligible. Equilibrium fractionation of Cr stable isotopes between dissolved Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) adsorbed onto γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and goethite is less than 0.04‰ (<sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr) under environmentally relevant pH conditions. Batch experiments at pH 4.0 and pH 6.0 were conducted in series to sequentially magnify small isotope fractionations. A simple transport model suggests that adsorption may cause amplification of a small isotope fractionation along extreme fringes of a plume, leading to shifts in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr values. We therefore suggest that isotope values at extreme fringes of Cr plumes be critically evaluated for sorption effects. A kinetic effect was observed in experiments with goethite at pH 4 where apparently lighter isotopes diffuse into goethite clumps at a faster rate before eventually reaching equilibrium. This observed kinetic effect may be important in a natural system that has not attained equilibrium and is in need of further study. Cr isotope fractionation caused by speciation of Cr(VI) between HCrO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was also examined, and we conclude that it is not measurable. In the absence of isotope fractionation caused by equilibrium speciation and sorption, most of the variation in δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values may be attributed to reduction, and reliable estimates of Cr reduction can be made.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0352294","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A., Johnson, T., and Bullen, T., 2004, Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 13, p. 3604-3607, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0352294.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3604","endPage":"3607","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0352294"}],"volume":"38","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, A.S.","contributorId":10586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026455,"text":"70026455 - 2004 - Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:07:51","indexId":"70026455","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","docAbstract":"We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and geological data, and monitoring observations. The main steps in the procedure are (1) to estimate an a priori probability distribution based upon theoretical knowledge, (2) to modify that using past data, and (3) to modify it further using current monitoring data. The scheme allows epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties to be dealt with in a formal way, through estimation of probability distributions at each node of the event tree. We then describe an application of the method to the case of Mount Vesuvius. Although the primary intent of the example is to illustrate the methodology, one result of this application merits special mention. The present emergency response plan for Mount Vesuvius is referenced to a maximum expected event (MEE), the largest out of all the possible eruptions within the next few decades. Our calculation suggest that there is a nonnegligible (1-20%) chance that the next eruption could be larger than that stipulated in the present MEE. The methodology allows all assumptions and thresholds to be clearly identified and provides a rational means for their revision if new data or information are obtained. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003155","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Marzocchi, W., Sandri, L., Gasparini, P., Newhall, C., and Boschi, E., 2004, Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155"},{"id":233941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Vesuvius","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d8e4b0c8380cd804cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":29156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandri, L.","contributorId":95658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandri","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasparini, P.","contributorId":35881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boschi, Enzo","contributorId":15375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boschi","given":"Enzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026147,"text":"70026147 - 2004 - Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026147","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","docAbstract":"Understanding the formation and exhumation of the remarkable ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks of the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, hinges on precise determination of the time of eclogite recrystallization. We conducted detailed thermal ionization mass spectrometry, chemical abrasion analysis and sensitive high-resolution ion-microprobe analysis of zircons from four ultrahigh- and high-pressure (HP) rocks. Ion-microprobe analyses from the Flatraket eclogite yielded a broad range of apparently concordant Caledonian ages, suggesting long-term growth. In contrast, higher precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry analysis of zircon subject to combined thermal annealing and multi-step chemical abrasion yielded moderate Pb loss from the first (lowest temperature) abrasion step, possible minor Pb loss or minor growth at 400 Ma from the second step and a 407-404 Ma cluster of slightly discordant 206Pb/238U ages, most likely free from Pb loss, from the remaining abrasion steps. We interpret the latter to reflect zircon crystallization at ???405-400 Ma with minor discordance from inherited cores. Zircon crystallization occurred at eclogite-facies, possibly post-peak conditions, based on compositions of garnet inclusions in zircon as well as nearly flat HREE profiles and lack of Eu anomalies in zircon fractions subjected to chemical abrasion. These ages are significantly younger than the 425 Ma age often cited for western Norway eclogite recrystallization, implying faster rates of exhumation (>2.5-8.5 km/Myr), and coeval formation of eclogites across the UHP portion of the Western Gneiss Region. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Root, D., Hacker, B.R., Mattinson, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 228, no. 3-4, p. 325-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019.","startPage":"325","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019"},{"id":234697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28de4b08c986b32f89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, D.B.","contributorId":99348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattinson, J.M.","contributorId":18940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026433,"text":"70026433 - 2004 - Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026433","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","docAbstract":"We examine the role of preexisting crustal structure within the Peninsular Ranges batholith on determining the location of the San Jacinto fault zone by analysis of geophysical anomalies and initial strontium ratio data. A 1000-km-long boundary within the Peninsular Ranges batholith, separating relatively mafic, dense, and magnetic rocks of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith from the more felsic, less dense, and weakly magnetic rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith, strikes north-northwest toward the San Jacinto fault zone. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic field anomalies caused by this boundary indicates that it extends to depths of at least 20 km. The anomalies do not cross the San Jacinto fault zone, but instead trend northwesterly and coincide with the fault zone. A 75-km-long gradient in initial strontium ratios (Sri) in the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith coincides with the San Jacinto fault zone. Here rocks east of the fault are characterized by Sri greater than 0.706, indicating a source of largely continental crust, sedimentary materials, or different lithosphere. We argue that the physical property contrast produced by the Peninsular Ranges batholith boundary provided a mechanically favorable path for the San Jacinto fault zone, bypassing the San Gorgonio structural knot as slip was transferred from the San Andreas fault 1.0-1.5 Ma. Two historical M6.7 earthquakes may have nucleated along the Peninsular Ranges batholith discontinuity in San Jacinto Valley, suggesting that Peninsular Ranges batholith crustal structure may continue to affect how strain is accommodated along the San Jacinto fault zone. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25277.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Matti, J.C., 2004, Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 9-10, p. 1143-1157, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1"},{"id":234230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2801e4b0c8380cd59d4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026404,"text":"70026404 - 2004 - Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:51:15","indexId":"70026404","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying carbon dynamics over large areas is frequently hindered by the lack of consistent, high-quality, spatially explicit land use and land cover change databases and appropriate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a generic approach to address some of these challenges. Land cover change information in the Southeastern Plains ecoregion was derived from Landsat data acquired in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 within 11 randomly located 20-km × 20-km sample blocks. Carbon dynamics within each of the sample blocks was simulated using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), capable of assimilating the variances and covariance of major input variables into simulations using an ensemble approach. Results indicate that urban and forest areas have been increasing, whereas agricultural land has been decreasing since 1973. Forest clear-cutting activity has intensified, more than doubling from 1973 to 2000. The Southeastern Plains has been acting as a carbon sink since 1973, with an average rate of 0.89 Mg C/ha/yr. Biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), and harvested materials account for 56%, 34%, and 10% of the sink, respectively. However, the sink has declined continuously during the same period owing to forest aging in the northern part of the ecoregion and increased forest clear-cutting activities in the south. The relative contributions to the sink from SOC and harvested materials have increased, implying that these components deserve more study in the future. The methods developed here can be used to quantify the impacts of human management activities on the carbon cycle at landscape to global scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Loveland, T., and Kurtz, R., 2004, Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. S1, p. S442-S456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S442","endPage":"S456","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, R.M.","contributorId":51958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001842,"text":"1001842 - 2004 - Does presence of permanent fresh water affect recruitment in prairie-nesting dabbling ducks?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T18:34:57.997527","indexId":"1001842","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does presence of permanent fresh water affect recruitment in prairie-nesting dabbling ducks?","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, USA, American mink (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Mustela vison</span></i><span>) are a major predator of ducklings. Mink populations plummet during severe droughts, but some mink survive where permanent fresh water is available. In 1992–1993, we evaluated whether development of a permanent water body, the 125-km McClusky Canal (MC), had affected survival of gadwall (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Anas strepera</span></i><span>) and mallard (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. platyrhynchos</span></i><span>) broods and ducklings in surrounding wetland complexes. Twelve of 25 radiomarked gadwall and mallard hens experienced total brood loss, and 148 of 199 radiomarked ducklings from 58 broods died by day 30. Gadwall broods (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 18 radiomarked hens) survived to 30 days at a lower rate (0.52) than predicted for similar areas in the region with limited permanent fresh water (0.85;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.009). Observed (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 162 radiomarked ducklings from 48 broods) survival rates also were lower than predicted for gadwall ducklings 0–7 days old (0.42 vs. 0.60;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) and 8–30 days old (0.41 vs. 0.80;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001). We attempted to include mallards in models constructed to predict brood and duckling survival rates in the Koenig Study Area (KSA), but data were too sparse. Rates of survival to 30 days for gadwall and mallard ducklings declined from an estimated 0.83 and 0.68 in 1976–1981 (Lokemoen et al. 1990), when the MC was first filling with water, to 0.36 and 0.31 (adjusted for radiotransmitter effects) in 1992–1993 after the MC had become a permanent freshwater body.</span><span>&nbsp;Estimated gadwall recruitment rate (females fledged per hen) during 1992–1993 was 0.5, &lt;50% of the estimated recruitment rate in 1976–1981. Of 130 radiomarked ducklings (both species) for which we determined cause of death, 114 mortalities were attributed to predation; at least 65% of 62 deaths in which the predator type could be discerned were caused by mink. Environmental planners and waterfowl managers should be aware of potential risks to waterfowl production from development of permanent freshwater bodies in prairie pothole landscapes and may wish to refine duck productivity models to consider negative effects of permanent water on duckling survival.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0332:DPOPFW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Pietz, P., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Does presence of permanent fresh water affect recruitment in prairie-nesting dabbling ducks?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 2, p. 332-341, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0332:DPOPFW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"McClean County","city":"Mercer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.76934814453125,\n              47.468949677672484\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.66497802734375,\n              47.468949677672484\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.66497802734375,\n              47.50421439972969\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.76934814453125,\n              47.50421439972969\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.76934814453125,\n              47.468949677672484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62ab0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pietz, P.J.","contributorId":6398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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