{"pageNumber":"1071","pageRowStart":"26750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70027065,"text":"70027065 - 2004 - Erosion by flowing lava: Geochemical evidence in the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027065","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion by flowing lava: Geochemical evidence in the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"We sampled basaltic lava flows and underlying dacitic tuff deposits in or near lava tubes of the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington to determine whether the Cave Basalt lavas contain geochemical evidence of substrate contamination by lava erosion. The samples were analyzed using a combination of wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the oldest, outer lava tube linings in direct contact with the dacitic substrate are contaminated, whereas the younger, inner lava tube linings are uncontaminated and apparently either more evolved or enriched in residual liquid. The most heavily contaminated lavas occur closer to the vent and in steeper parts of the tube system, and the amount of contamination decreases with increasing distance downstream. These results suggest that erosion by lava and contamination were limited to only the initially emplaced flows and that erosion was localized and enhanced by vigorous laminar flow over steeper slopes. After cooling, the initial Cave Basalt lava flows formed an insulating lining within the tubes that prevented further erosion by later flows. This interpretation is consistent with models of lava erosion that predict higher erosion rates closer to sources and over steeper slopes. A greater abundance of xenoliths and xenocrysts relative to xenomelts in hand samples indicates that mechanical erosion rather than thermal erosion was the dominant erosional process in the Cave Basalt, but further sampling and petrographic analyses must be performed to verify this hypothesis. ?? Springer-Verlag 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-003-0301-2","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Kadel, S., Greeley, R., Lesher, C., and Clynne, M., 2004, Erosion by flowing lava: Geochemical evidence in the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 168-181, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0301-2.","startPage":"168","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0301-2"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a39e4b0c8380cd52261","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kadel, S.D.","contributorId":93676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadel","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lesher, C.M.","contributorId":76083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesher","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026840,"text":"70026840 - 2004 - Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026840","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Collins, S., Metge, D., Harvey, R., and Shapiro, A., 2004, Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 195-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001.","startPage":"195","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001"},{"id":235573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c7e4b0c8380cd50f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":411312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027110,"text":"70027110 - 2004 - High resolution paleoceanography of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15 000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027110","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High resolution paleoceanography of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15 000 years","docAbstract":"Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 480 (27??54.10???N, 111??39.34???W; 655 m water depth) contains a high resolution record of paleoceanographic change of the past 15 000 years for the Guaymas Basin, a region of very high diatom productivity within the central Gulf of California. Analyses of diatoms and silicoflagellates were completed on samples spaced every 40-50 yr, whereas ICP-AES geochemical analyses were completed on alternate samples (sample spacing 80-100 yr). The B??lling-Aller??d interval (14.6-12.9 ka) (note, ka refers to 1000 calendar years BP throughout this report) is characterized by an increase in biogenic silica and a decline in calcium carbonate relative to surrounding intervals, suggesting conditions somewhat similar to those of today. The Younger Dryas event (12.9-11.6 ka) is marked by a major drop in biogenic silica and an increase in calcium carbonate. Increasing relative percentage contributions of Azpeitia nodulifera and Dictyocha perlaevis (a tropical diatom and silicoflagellate, respectively) and reduced numbers of the silicoflagellate Octactis pulchra are supportive of reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich waters. Between 10.6 and 10.0 ka, calcium carbonate and A. nodulifera abruptly decline at DSDP 480, while Roperia tesselata, a diatom indicative of winter upwelling in the modern-day Gulf, increases sharply in numbers. A nearly coincident increase in the silicoflagellate Dictyocha stapedia suggests that waters above DSDP 480 were more similar to the cooler and slightly more saline waters of the northern Gulf during much of the early and middle parts of the Holocene (???10 to 3.2 ka). At about 6.2 ka a stepwise increase in biogenic silica and the reappearance of the tropical diatom A. nodulifera marks a major change in oceanographic conditions in the Gulf. A winter shift to more northwesterly winds may have occurred at this time along with the onset of periodic northward excursions (El Nin??o-driven?) of the North Equatorial Countercurrent during the summer. Beginning between 2.8 and 2.4 ka, the amplitude of biogenic silica and wt% Fe, Al, and Ti (proxies of terrigenous input) increase, possibly reflecting intensification of ENSO cycles and the establishment of modern oceanographic conditions in the Gulf. Increased numbers of O. pulchra after 2.8 ka suggest enhanced spring upwelling. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00071-9","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., Bukry, D., and Bischoff, J.L., 2004, High resolution paleoceanography of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15 000 years: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 50, no. 3-4, p. 185-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00071-9.","startPage":"185","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00071-9"},{"id":235407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30cce4b0c8380cd5d968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, D.","contributorId":15338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027070,"text":"70027070 - 2004 - Chronology of sediment deposition in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:24:38","indexId":"70027070","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of sediment deposition in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"A combination of tephrochronology and 14C, 210Pb, and 137Cs measurements provides a robust chronology for sedimentation in Upper Klamath Lake during the last 45 000 years. Mixing of surficial sediments and possible mobility of the radio-isotopes limit the usefulness of the 137Cs and 210Pb data, but 210Pb profiles provide reasonable average sediment accumulation rates for the last 100-150 years. Radiocarbon ages near the top of the core are somewhat erratic and are too old, probably as a result of detrital organic carbon, which may have become a more common component in recent times as surrounding marshes were drained. Below the tops of the cores, radiocarbon ages in the center of the basin appear to be about 400 years too old, while those on the margin appear to be accurate, based on comparisons with tephra layers of known age. Taken together, the data can be combined into reasonable age models for each site. Sediments have accumulated at site K1, near the center of the basin, about 2 times faster than at site CM2, on the margin of the lake. The rates are about 0.10 and 0.05 cm/yr, respectively. The chronological data also indicate that accumulation rates were slower during the early to middle Holocene than during the late Holocene, consistent with increasing wetness in the late Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019234.05899.ea","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Bradbury, J., McGeehin, J., Holmes, C.W., Edginton, D., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2004, Chronology of sediment deposition in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019234.05899.ea.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edginton, D.","contributorId":73795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edginton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027181,"text":"70027181 - 2004 - Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T11:47:29","indexId":"70027181","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann–Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered&nbsp;shield volcano, Tsũi Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright&nbsp;flow field, Tsũi Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera–Tohil Patera complex. Analysis of Voyager global color and Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) high-resolution, regional (50–330&nbsp;m/pixel), and global color (1.4&nbsp;km/pixel) images, along with available Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping&nbsp;Spectrometer&nbsp;(NIMS) data, suggests that 16 distinct geologic units can be defined and characterized in this region, including 5 types of diffuse deposits. Tsũi Goab Fluctus is the center of a low-temperature hotspot detected by NIMS late during the Galileo mission, and could represent the best case for active effusive&nbsp;sulfur&nbsp;volcanism&nbsp;detected by Galileo. The Culann volcanic center has produced a range of explosive and effusive deposits, including an outer yellowish ring of enhanced&nbsp;sulfur dioxide&nbsp;(SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), an inner red ring of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>with short-chain sulfur (S</span><sub>3</sub><span>–S</span><sub>4</sub><span>) contaminants, and two irregular green diffuse deposits (one in Tohil Patera) apparently produced by the interaction of dark,&nbsp;silicate&nbsp;lava flows&nbsp;with sulfurous contaminants ballistically-emplaced from Culann's eruption plume(s). Fresh and red-mantled dark lava flows west of the Culann vent can be contrasted with unusual red–brown flows east of the vent. These red–brown flows have a distinct color that is suggestive of a compositional difference, although whether this is due to surface alteration or distinct lava compositions cannot be determined. The main massif of Tohil Mons is covered with ridges and grooves, defining a unit of tectonically disrupted crustal materials. Tohil Mons also contains a younger unit of mottled crustal materials that were displaced by&nbsp;mass wasting&nbsp;processes. Neighboring Radegast Patera contains a NIMS hotspot and a young lava lake of dark silicate flows, whereas the southwest portion of Tohil Patera contains white flow-like units, perhaps consisting of ‘ponds’ of effusively emplaced SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. From 0°–15°&nbsp;S the hummocky bright plains unit away from volcanic centers contains&nbsp;scarps, grooves, pits, graben, and channel-like features, some of which have been modified by erosion. Although the most active volcanic centers appear to be found in structural lows (as indicated by mapping of scarps), DEMs derived from&nbsp;stereo images&nbsp;show that, with the exception of Tohil Mons, there is less than 1 km of relief in the Culann–Tohil region. There is no discernable correlation between centers of active volcanism and topography.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Schenk, P., Moore, J., Keszthelyi, L., Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W.L., Radebaugh, J., Milazzo, M.P., Lopes, R., and Greeley, R., 2004, Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 80-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024"},{"id":235412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a506ae4b0c8380cd6b6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":102585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70027092,"text":"70027092 - 2004 - Effects of wave shape on sheet flow sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027092","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wave shape on sheet flow sediment transport","docAbstract":"A two-phase model is implemented to study the effects of wave shape on the transport of coarse-grained sediment in the sheet flow regime. The model is based on balance equations for the average mass, momentum, and fluctuation energy for both the fluid and sediment phases. Model simulations indicate that the responses of the sheet flow, such as the velocity profiles, the instantaneous bed shear stress, the sediment flux, and the total amount of the mobilized sediment, cannot be fully parameterized by quasi-steady free-stream velocity and may be correlated with the magnitude of local horizontal pressure gradient (or free-stream acceleration). A net sediment flux in the direction of wave advance is obtained for both skewed and saw-tooth wave shapes typical of shoaled and breaking waves. The model further suggests that at critical values of the horizontal pressure gradient, there is a failure event within the bed that mobilizes more sediment into the mobile sheet and enhances the sediment flux. Preliminary attempts to parameterize the total bed shear stress and the total sediment flux appear promising. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JC002075","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hsu, T., and Hanes, D., 2004, Effects of wave shape on sheet flow sediment transport: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 109, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002075.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478228,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jc002075","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002075"},{"id":235626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a083de4b0c8380cd51a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsu, T.-J.","contributorId":96888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"T.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027095,"text":"70027095 - 2004 - Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:15:51","indexId":"70027095","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco Estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Previous work has shown that a projected warming would result in a reduction of snowpack storage leading to higher winter and lower spring-summer streamflows and increased spring-summer salinities in the estuary. The present work shows that these hydrologic changes exhibit a strong dependence on elevation, with the greatest loss of snowpack volume in the 1300–2700 m elevation range. Exploiting hydrologic and estuarine modeling capabilities to trace water as it moves through the system reveals that the shift of water in mid-elevations of the Sacramento river basin from snowmelt to rainfall runoff is the dominant cause of projected changes in estuarine inflows and salinity. Additionally, although spring-summer losses of estuarine inflows are balanced by winter gains, the losses have a stronger influence on salinity since longer spring-summer residence times allow the inflow changes to accumulate in the estuary. The changes in inflows sourced in the Sacramento River basin in approximately the 1300–2200 m elevation range thereby lead to a net increase in estuarine salinity under the projected warming. Such changes would impact ecosystems throughout the watershed and threaten to contaminate much of California's freshwater supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., and Cayan, D., 2004, Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed: Climatic Change, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 319-336, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cfe4b0c8380cd51ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027295,"text":"70027295 - 2004 - Lava lakes on Io: Observations of Io's volcanic activity from Galileo NIMS during the 2001 fly-bys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027295","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava lakes on Io: Observations of Io's volcanic activity from Galileo NIMS during the 2001 fly-bys","docAbstract":"Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtained its final observations of Io during the spacecraft's fly-bys in August (I31) and October 2001 (I32). We present a summary of the observations and results from these last two fly-bys, focusing on the distribution of thermal emission from Io's many volcanic regions that give insights into the eruption styles of individual hot spots. We include a compilation of hot spot data obtained from Galileo, Voyager, and ground-based observations. At least 152 active volcanic centers are now known on Io, 104 of which were discovered or confirmed by Galileo observations, including 23 from the I31 and I32 Io fly-by observations presented here. We modify the classification scheme of Keszthelyi et al. (2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (E12) 33 025-33 052) of Io eruption styles to include three primary types: promethean (lava flow fields emplaced as compound pahoehoe flows with small plumes < 200 km high originating from flow fronts), pillanian (violent eruptions generally accompanied by large outbursts, > 200 km high plumes and rapidly-emplaced flow fields), and a new style we call \"lokian\" that includes all eruptions confined within paterae with or without associated plume eruptions). Thermal maps of active paterae from NIMS data reveal hot edges that are characteristic of lava lakes. Comparisons with terrestrial analogs show that Io's lava lakes have thermal properties consistent with relatively inactive lava lakes. The majority of activity on Io, based on locations and longevity of hot spots, appears to be of this third type. This finding has implications for how Io is being resurfaced as our results imply that eruptions of lava are predominantly confined within paterae, thus making it unlikely that resurfacing is done primarily by extensive lava flows. Our conclusion is consistent with the findings of Geissler et al. (2004, Icarus, this issue) that plume eruptions and deposits, rather than the eruption of copious amounts of effusive lavas, are responsible for Io's high resurfacing rates. The origin and longevity of islands within ionian lava lakes remains enigmatic. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lopes, R.M., Kamp, L., Smythe, W.D., Mouginis-Mark, P., Kargel, J., Radebaugh, J., Turtle, E.P., Perry, J., Williams, D., Carlson, R.W., and Doute, S., 2004, Lava lakes on Io: Observations of Io's volcanic activity from Galileo NIMS during the 2001 fly-bys: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 140-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.013.","startPage":"140","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.013"},{"id":235496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a458ee4b0c8380cd67402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, R. M. C.","contributorId":49506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, P.","contributorId":31558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kargel, J.","contributorId":81295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Radebaugh, J.","contributorId":34639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turtle, E. P.","contributorId":44281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, J.","contributorId":41173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Doute, S.","contributorId":62803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doute","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70026938,"text":"70026938 - 2004 - Factors affecting songbird nest survival in riparian forests in a midwestern agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:00:03","indexId":"70026938","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting songbird nest survival in riparian forests in a midwestern agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated factors affecting nest success of songbirds in riparian forest and buffers in northeastern Missouri. We used an information-theoretic approach to determine support for hypotheses concerning effects of nest-site, habitat-patch, edge, and temporal factors on nest success of songbirds in three narrow (55–95 m) and three wide (400–530 m) riparian forests with adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips and in three narrow and three wide riparian forests without adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips. We predicted that temporal effects would have the most support and that habitat-patch and edge effects would have little support, because nest predation would be great across all sites in the highly fragmented, predominantly agricultural landscape. Interval nest success was 0.404, 0.227, 0.070, and 0.186, respectively, for Gray Catbird (</span><i>Dumetella carolinensis</i><span>), Northern Cardinal (</span><i>Cardinalis cardinalis</i><span>), Indigo Bunting (</span><i>Passerina cyanea</i><span>), and forest interior species pooled (Acadian Flycatcher [</span><i>Empidonax virescens</i><span>], Wood Thrush [</span><i>Hylocichla mustelina</i><span>], Ovenbird [</span><i>Seiurus aurocapillus</i><span>], and Kentucky Warbler [</span><i>Oporornis formosus</i><span>]). The effect of nest stage on nest success had the most support; daily nest success for Gray Catbird and Indigo Bunting were lowest in the laying stage. We found strong support for greater nest success of Gray Catbird in riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips than in riparian forests without adjacent buffer strips. Patch width also occurred in the most-supported model for Gray Catbird, but with very limited support. The null model received the most support for Northern Cardinal. Riparian forests provided breeding habitat for area-sensitive forest species and grassland-shrub nesting species. Buffer strips provided additional breeding habitat for grassland-shrub nesting species. Interval nest success for Indigo Bunting and area-sensitive forest species pooled, however, fell well below the level that is likely necessary to balance juvenile and adult mortality, which suggests that when riparian forests are located within agricultural landscapes, the potential even for wide riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips to provide high-quality breeding habitat is severely diminished for some species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0726:FASNSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Peak, R., Thompson, F.R., and Shaffer, T., 2004, Factors affecting songbird nest survival in riparian forests in a midwestern agricultural landscape: The Auk, v. 121, no. 3, p. 726-737, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0726:FASNSI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"737","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea8e4b0c8380cd53569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peak, R.G.","contributorId":42550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peak","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, F. R. III","contributorId":17940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002959,"text":"1002959 - 2004 - A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T12:41:57","indexId":"1002959","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","docAbstract":"Surveys collecting count data are the primary means by which abundance is indexed for birds. These counts are confounded, however, by nuisance effects including observer effects and spatial correlation between counts. Current methods poorly accommodate both observer and spatial effects because modeling these spatially autocorrelated counts within a hierarchical framework is not practical using standard statistical approaches. We propose a Bayesian approach to this problem and provide as an example of its implementation a spatial model of predicted abundance for the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in the Prairie-Hardwood Transition of the upper midwestern United States. We used an overdispersed Poisson regression with fixed and random effects, fitted by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We used 21 years of North American Breeding Bird Survey counts as the response in a loglinear function of explanatory variables describing habitat, spatial relatedness, year effects, and observer effects. The model included a conditional autoregressive term representing potential correlation between adjacent route counts. Categories of explanatory habitat variables in the model included land cover composition and configuration, climate, terrain heterogeneity, and human influence. The inherent hierarchy in the model was from counts occurring, in part, as a function of observers within survey routes within years. We found that the percentage of forested wetlands, an index of wetness potential, and an interaction between mean annual precipitation and deciduous forest patch size best described Cerulean Warbler abundance. Based on a map of relative abundance derived from the posterior parameter estimates, we estimated that only 15% of the species' population occurred on federal land, necessitating active engagement of public landowners and state agencies in the conservation of the breeding habitat for this species. Models of this type can be applied to any data in which the response is counts, such as animal counts, activity (e.g.,nest) counts, or species richness. The most noteworthy practical application of this spatial modeling approach is the ability to map relative species abundance. The functional relationships that we elucidated for the Cerulean Warbler provide a basis for the development of management programs and may serve to focus management and monitoring on areas and habitat variables important to Cerulean Warblers.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5247","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J., and Knutson, M.G., 2004, A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1766-1779, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5247.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1779","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027197,"text":"70027197 - 2004 - Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027197","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Although loess-paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after ???6500 14C yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of ???40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10-25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance downwind from the source, where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation. ?? 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., McGeehin, J., Beann, J., and Fisher, E., 2004, Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 265-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003.","startPage":"265","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003"},{"id":235099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ebe4b0c8380cd5e34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beann, J.","contributorId":24075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, E.","contributorId":103844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026745,"text":"70026745 - 2004 - The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026745","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Storms are one of the most important controls on the cycle of erosion and accretion on beaches. Current meters placed in shoreface locations of Saco Bay and Wells Embayment, ME, recorded bottom currents during the winter months of 2000 and 2001, while teams of volunteers profiled the topography of nearby beaches. Coupling offshore meteorological and beach profile data made it possible to determine the response of nine beaches in southern Maine to various oceanographic and meteorological conditions. The beaches selected for profiling ranged from pristine to completely developed and permitted further examination of the role of seawalls on the response of beaches to storms. Current meters documented three unique types of storms: frontal passages, southwest storms, and northeast storms. In general, the current meter results indicate that frontal passages and southwest storms were responsible for bringing sediment towards the shore, while northeast storms resulted in a net movement of sediment away from the beach. During the 1999-2000 winter, there were a greater percentage of frontal passages and southwest storms, while during the 2000-2001 winter, there were more northeast storms. The sediment that was transported landward during the 1999-2000 winter was reworked into the berm along moderately and highly developed beaches during the next summer. A northeast storm on March 5-6, 2001, resulted in currents in excess of 1 m s-1 and wave heights that reached six meters. The storm persisted over 10 high tides and caused coastal flooding and property damage. Topographic profiles made before and after the storm demonstrate that developed beaches experienced a loss of sediment volume during the storm, while sediment was redistributed along the profile on moderately developed and undeveloped beaches. Two months after the storm, the profiles along the developed beaches had not reached their pre-storm elevation. In comparison, the moderately developed and undeveloped beaches reached and exceeded their pre-storm elevation and began to show berm buildup characteristic of the summer months. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hill, H., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., and Dickson, S., 2004, The effects of storms and storm-generated currents on sand beaches in Southern Maine, USA: Marine Geology, v. 210, no. 1-4, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.008"},{"id":233958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab9fe4b08c986b322f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, H.W.","contributorId":62379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickson, S.M.","contributorId":74905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026721,"text":"70026721 - 2004 - Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:53:41","indexId":"70026721","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","docAbstract":"Temperature anomalies associated with oil-producing structures in the US Midcontinent and similar cratonic areas probably can be used reliably as a passkey for petroleum exploration in mature areas, and thus the concept of hot anticlines could be a key to discovery. Analysis of accumulated data during the past several decades allows a definition of the problem of hot anticlines. A possible solution for migration and entrapment of petroleum can be explained by the Roberts temperature differential model and the Walters fluid-flow paradigm. In fact, if the Roberts model is valid, higher shallow temperatures, temperature gradients, or heat flow could indicate the entrapment of hydrocarbons at depth. The recognition and promotion of shallow \"hotspots\" as an exploration key is not new and was proposed years ago by Haas and Hoffmann, Kappelmeyer, and as recently as 1986 by Blackwell.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., 2004, Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 102, no. 32, p. 29-34.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-102/issue-32/exploration-development/subsurface-temperature-as-a-passkey-for-exploration-of-mature-basins-hot-anticlinesmdasha-key-to-discovery.html"}],"volume":"102","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d8ee4b08c986b31d8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026819,"text":"70026819 - 2004 - Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T15:18:10.909126","indexId":"70026819","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Over the past century, fire suppression and prevention have altered disturbance regimes across the Pacific Northwest, resulting in a significant divergence of historical and current conditions in forested habitats. To address this continuing trend in habitat changes and begin restoring historical patterns of disturbance, the Clearwater Basin Elk Habitat Initiative (CEI) proposes relatively extensive management actions in the Clearwater basin of north-central Idaho. We attempted to evaluate potential effects of such management actions on selected wildlife species using extant data sets and suggest ways to improve such projects with respect to a multispecies and adaptive management approach. Although there is increased interest in ecosystem management over large areas, the increased scale of analysis and implementation require a substantial increase in the level of species information beyond what currently exists. We conclude that baseline information required for an effective multispecies land-management policy in the Clearwater basin does not exist for many terrestrial wildlife species. To implement a true multispecies or ecosystem approach, wildlife and land managers should cooperate to increase existing population data and modeling efforts for wildlife species in the basin and develop a sustainable monitoring program to evaluate habitat management changes and their influence on wildlife populations within the context of adaptive management theory. Management actions to restore disturbance patterns should attempt spatial and temporal scales that are biologically relevant to the population ecology of species being affected.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","usgsCitation":"Scanvara, L., Servheen, G., Melquist, W., Davis, D., and Scott, J.M., 2004, Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.09228515624999,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14794921875,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14794921875,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09228515624999,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09228515624999,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1de4b0c8380cd5cad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanvara, L.K.","contributorId":54386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanvara","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servheen, G.","contributorId":7479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melquist, W.","contributorId":45093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melquist","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026720,"text":"70026720 - 2004 - Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026720","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics","docAbstract":"Debate over whether human activity causes Earth climate change obscures the immensity of the dynamic systems that create and maintain climate on the planet. Anthropocentric debate leads people to believe that they can alter these planetary dynamic systems to prevent that they perceive as negative climate impacts on human civilization. Although politicians offer simplistic remedies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, global climate continues to change naturally. Better planning for the inevitable dislocations that have followed natural global climate changes throughout human history requires us to accept the fact that climate will change, and that human society must adapt to the changes. Over the last decade, the scientific literature reported a shift in emphasis from attempting to build theoretical models of putative human impacts on climate to understanding the planetwide dynamic processes that are the natural climate drivers. The current scientific literature is beginning to report the history of past climate change, the extent of natural climate variability, natural system drivers, and the episodicity of many climate changes. The scientific arguments have broadened from focus upon human effects on climate to include the array of natural phenomena that have driven global climate change for eons. However, significant political issues with long-term social consequences continue their advance. This paper summarizes recent scientific progress in climate science and arguments about human influence on climate. ?? 2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/03220403107","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., 2004, Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 88, no. 9, p. 1211-1220, https://doi.org/10.1306/03220403107.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1220","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/03220403107"}],"volume":"88","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64fe4b0c8380cd4c6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026820,"text":"70026820 - 2004 - Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T17:36:30.487453","indexId":"70026820","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Biotic indices and sediment trace element concentrations for 43 streams in northeastern Illinois (Chicago area) from the 1980s and 1990s were examined along an agricultural to urban land cover gradient to explore the relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, and urbanization. The Illinois fish Alternative Index of Biotic Integrity (AIBI) ranged from poor to excellent in agricultural/rural streams, but streams with more than 10 percent watershed urban land (about 500 people/mi2) had fair or poor index scores. A macroinvertebrate index (MBI) showed similar trends. A qualitative habitat index (PIBI) did not correlate to either urban indicator. The AIBI and MBI correlated with urban associated sediment trace element concentrations. Elevated copper concentrations in sediment occurred in streams with greater than 40 percent watershed urban land. The number of intolerant fish species and modified index of biotic integrity scores increased in some rural, urbanizing, and urban streams from the 1980s to 1990s, with the largest increases occurring in rural streams with loamy/sandy surficial deposits. However, smaller increases also occurred in urban streams with clayey surficial deposits and over 50 percent watershed urban land. These data illustrate the potentially complex spatial and temporal relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, watershed urban land, population density, and regional and local geologic setting.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01043.x","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Harris, M., Arnold, T., and Richards, K., 2004, Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 2, p. 461-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01043.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.65966796875,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.65966796875,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.65966796875,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe47e4b08c986b3294d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, T.L.","contributorId":11810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027193,"text":"70027193 - 2004 - Temporal and spatial patterns in emergence and early survival of perennial plants in the Sonoran Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns in emergence and early survival of perennial plants in the Sonoran Desert","docAbstract":"Seedling emergence and survival of 15 perennial species were studied for six years in a 557-m2 permanent plot at Tumamoc Hill, Arizona, USA, an ungrazed site in the northern Sonoran Desert. The minimum rain required for germination and emergence ranged from 17.5 to 35.6 mm. Few species emerged in every year of the study. First-year survival averaged across all 15 species was 3.7%; only 0.1% of seedlings lived as long as four years. The odds of survival in the first year improved with increased rain. About three times as many seedlings died from predation as desiccation. In 2-m2 subplots, mortality of three woody species in the first 30 days after emergence appeared to be independent of seedling density. Short-, moderate-, and long-lived species displayed distinct survival strategies. Long-lived species compensated for generally poor seedling survival by frequent germination and emergence. Moderate-lived species exhibited highly episodic germination and emergence, a potentially risky behavior that might have been offset to some extent by relatively good long-term survival. Short-lived species had the highest seedling survival. Because these species can bloom in their first year, good early survival meant that some individuals were able to reproduce before they died.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026026.34760.1b","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., Turner, R.M., and Burgess, T., 2004, Temporal and spatial patterns in emergence and early survival of perennial plants in the Sonoran Desert: Plant Ecology, v. 172, no. 1, p. 107-119, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026026.34760.1b.","startPage":"107","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026026.34760.1b"},{"id":235596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f0e4b08c986b3206ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, T.L.","contributorId":18554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026831,"text":"70026831 - 2004 - Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026831","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","docAbstract":"The Mallik site represents an onshore permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulation in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. A gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998. The objective of this study is the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrate-bearing zones at the Mallik site. In Zone #1, numerical simulations using the EOSHYDR2 model indicated that gas production from hydrates at the Mallik site was possible by depressurizing a thin free gas zone at the base of the hydrate stability field. Horizontal wells appeared to have a slight advantage over vertical wells, while multiwell systems involving a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation offered superior performance, especially when a hot noncondensible gas was injected. Zone #2, which involved a gas hydrate layer with an underlying aquifer, could yield significant amounts of gas originating entirely from gas hydrates, the volumes of which increased with the production rate. However, large amounts of water were also produced. Zones #3, #4 and #5 were lithologically isolated gas hydrate-bearing deposits with no underlying zones of mobile gas or water. In these zones, thermal stimulation by circulating hot water in the well was used to induce dissociation. Sensitivity studies indicated that the methane release from the hydrate accumulations increased with the gas hydrate saturation, the initial formation temperature, the temperature of the circulating water in the well, and the formation thermal conductivity. Methane production appears to be less sensitive to the specific heat of the rock and of the hydrate, and to the permeability of the formation. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Moridis, G.J., Collett, T.S., Dallimore, S., Satoh, T., Hancock, S., and Weatherill, B., 2004, Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 43, no. 3-4, p. 219-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015.","startPage":"219","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478095,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6214t0m1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015"},{"id":235429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6931e4b0c8380cd73bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dallimore, S.R.","contributorId":44313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satoh, T.","contributorId":12667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satoh","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weatherill, B.","contributorId":16205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weatherill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026834,"text":"70026834 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","docAbstract":"In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ???4.3 km and >3 km , respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ???2.4 km. Below depths of ???2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030058","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lutter, W.J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Okaya, D.A., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Langenheim, V., Benthien, M., Godfrey, N.J., Christensen, N., Thygesen, K., Thurber, C., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2004, Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030058.","startPage":"619","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478165,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-131459133","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030058"},{"id":235501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd53e4b08c986b328f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70027702,"text":"70027702 - 2004 - Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027702","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records","docAbstract":"Measurement and analysis of aquifer-system compaction have been used to characterize aquifer and confining unit properties when other techniques such as flow modeling have been ineffective at adequately quantifying storage properties or matching historical water levels in environments experiencing land subsidence. In the southeastern coastal plain of Virginia, high-sensitivity borehole pipe extensometers were used to measure 24.2 mm of total compaction at Franklin from 1979 through 1995 (1.5 mm/year) and 50.2 mm of total compaction at Suffolk from 1982 through 1995 (3.7 mm/year). Analysis of the extensometer data reveals that the small rates of aquifer-system compaction appear to be correlated with withdrawals of water from confined aquifers. One-dimensional vertical compaction modeling indicates measured compaction is the result of nonrecoverable hydrodynamic consolidation of the fine-grained confining units and interbeds, as well as recoverable compaction and expansion of coarse-grained aquifer units. The calibrated modeling results indicate that nonrecoverable specific storage values decrease with depth and range from 1.5 x 10-5/m for aquifer units to 1.5 x 10-4/m for confining units and interbeds. The aquifer and Potomac system recoverable specific storage values were all estimated to be 4.5 x 10-6/m, while the confining units and interbeds had values of 6.0 x 10-6/m. The calibrated vertical hydraulic conductivity values of the confining units and interbeds ranged from 6.6 x 10-4 m/year to 2.0 x 10-3 m/year. These parameter values will be useful in future management and modeling of ground water in the Virginia Coastal Plain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Pope, J., and Burbey, T., 2004, Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 1, p. 45-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x.","startPage":"45","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6086e4b0c8380cd714fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, J.P.","contributorId":25352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burbey, T. J.","contributorId":97131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbey","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027701,"text":"70027701 - 2004 - Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T15:34:29.906533","indexId":"70027701","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pleistocene basaltic lava dams and outburst‐flood deposits in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona, have been correlated by means of cosmogenic&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He (</span><sup>3</sup><span>He</span><sub>c</sub><span>) ages and concentrations of SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, Na</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, and rare earth elements. These data indicate that basalt clasts and vitroclasts in a given outburst‐flood deposit came from a common source, a lava dam. With these data, it is possible to distinguish individual dam‐flood events and improve our understanding of the interrelations of volcanism and river processes. At least five lava dams on the Colorado River failed catastrophically between 100 and 525 ka; subsequent outburst floods emplaced basalt‐rich deposits preserved on benches as high as 200 m above the current river and up to 53 km downstream of dam sites. Chemical data also distinguishes individual lava flows that were collectively mapped in the past as large long‐lasting dam complexes. These chemical data, in combination with age constraints, increase our ability to correlate lava dams and outburst‐flood deposits and increase our understanding of the longevity of lava dams. Bases of correlated lava dams and flood deposits approximate the elevation of the ancestral river during each flood event. Water surface profiles are reconstructed and can be used in future hydraulic models to estimate the magnitude of these large‐scale floods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/379694","usgsCitation":"Fenton, C., Poreda, R., Nash, B., Webb, R.H., and Cerling, T., 2004, Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Journal of Geology, v. 112, no. 1, p. 91-110, https://doi.org/10.1086/379694.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              35.871246850027966\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.588134765625,\n              35.871246850027966\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.588134765625,\n              36.465471886798134\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              36.465471886798134\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              35.871246850027966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1622e4b0c8380cd55065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, C.R.","contributorId":53155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, B.P.","contributorId":35115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerling, T.E.","contributorId":85720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174776,"text":"70174776 - 2004 - Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T11:54:46","indexId":"70174776","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium","conferenceDate":"2004","conferenceLocation":"Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Infrastructures and Environmental Management Research Group","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Lybecker, D., 2004, Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures, <i>in</i> Proceedings of Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan, 2004, p. 54-69.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092de4b0c1aacab7d3e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":9187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":17554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lybecker, D.","contributorId":48917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lybecker","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026756,"text":"70026756 - 2004 - Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:14:51","indexId":"70026756","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The fringing coral reef off the south coast of Molokai, Hawaii is currently being studied as part of a US Geological Survey (USGS) multi-disciplinary project that focuses on geologic and oceanographic processes that affect coral reef systems. For this investigation, four instrument packages were deployed across the fringing coral reef during the summer of 2001 to understand the processes governing fine-grained terrestrial sediment suspension on the shallow reef flat (h=1m) and its advection across the reef crest and onto the deeper fore reef. The time-series measurements suggest the following conceptual model of water and fine-grained sediment transport across the reef: Relatively cool, clear water flows up onto the reef flat during flooding tides. At high tide, more deep-water wave energy is able to propagate onto the reef flat and larger Trade wind-driven waves can develop on the reef flat, thereby increasing sediment suspension. Trade wind-driven surface currents and wave breaking at the reef crest cause setup of water on the reef flat, further increasing the water depth and enhancing the development of depth-limited waves and sediment suspension. As the tide ebbs, the water and associated suspended sediment on the reef flat drains off the reef flat and is advected offshore and to the west by Trade wind- and tidally- driven currents. Observations on the fore reef show relatively high turbidity throughout the water column during the ebb tide. It therefore appears that high suspended sediment concentrations on the deeper fore reef, where active coral growth is at a maximum, are dynamically linked to processes on the muddy, shallow reef flat.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Ogston, A., Bothner, M., Field, M., and Presto, M., 2004, Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 24, no. 12, p. 1397-1419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1629","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              21.256101625916397\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.256101625916397\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31048583984375,\n              21.03836431386586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027173,"text":"70027173 - 2004 - Spawning ecology of finespotted Snake River cutthroat trout in spring streams of the Salt River valley, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027173","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning ecology of finespotted Snake River cutthroat trout in spring streams of the Salt River valley, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We studied spawning ecology of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in streams that originate as springs along the Salt River, a Snake River tributary in western Wyoming. We assessed (1) relative numbers of upstream-migrant and resident adults present during the spawning period in spring streams, (2) influence of habitat modification on use of spring streams for spawning, and (3) habitat features used for spawning in spring streams. Four spring streams were studied, 2 with substantial modification to enhance trout habitat and 2 with little or no modification. Modifications consisted primarily of constructing alternating pools and gravel-cobble riffles. Only a small portion of adult fish in spring streams during the spawning period had migrated upstream from the Salt River between March and the middle of June. Larger numbers of adult fish and more redds were observed in the 2 modified streams compared with the 2 streams with little or no modification. Most spawning occurred on constructed riffles with small gravel and over a narrow range of depths and velocities. Cutthroat trout, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and their hybrids were observed in 1 stream with habitat modifications, indicating that measures to halt invasion by rainbow trout, as well as habitat improvement, are needed to preserve this native trout within the Salt River valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Joyce, M.P., and Hubert, W., 2004, Spawning ecology of finespotted Snake River cutthroat trout in spring streams of the Salt River valley, Wyoming: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 1, p. 78-85.","startPage":"78","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d5e4b08c986b31ac76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyce, M. P.","contributorId":34292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026852,"text":"70026852 - 2004 - Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026852","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on populations or communities is critical to effective conservation and restoration. This is particularly important for bats because they provide vital services to ecosystems via pollination and seed dispersal, especially in tropical and subtropical habitats. Based on more than 1,000 h of survey during a 15-month period, we quantified species abundances and community structure of phyllostomid bats at 14 sites in a 3,000-km2 region of eastern Paraguay. Abundance was highest for Artibeus lituratus in deforested landscapes and for Chrotopterus auritus in forested habitats. In contrast, Artibeus fimbriatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Pygoderma bilabiatum, and Sturnira lilium attained highest abundance in moderately fragmented forest landscapes. Forest cover, patch size, and patch density frequently were associated with abundance of species. At the community level, species richness was highest in partly deforested landscapes, whereas evenness was greatest in forested habitat. In general, the highest diversity of bats occurred in landscapes comprising moderately fragmented forest habitat. This underscores the importance of remnant habitat patches to conservation strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/BWG-125","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., and Willig, M.R., 2004, Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 4, p. 688-697, https://doi.org/10.1644/BWG-125.","startPage":"688","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478246,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bwg-125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BWG-125"},{"id":235212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441be4b0c8380cd66876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. M. mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":18552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willig, M. R.","contributorId":68517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willig","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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