No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK012","usgsCitation":"Blazs, R., Walters, D., Coffey, T., Boyle, D., and Wellman, J., 2002, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2001, Volume 2, Red River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OK-01-2, xix, 196 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOK012.","productDescription":"xix, 196 p.","numberOfPages":"196","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ok-01-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ok-01-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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D.L.","contributorId":55505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellman, J.J.","contributorId":81972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70181782,"text":"70181782 - 2002 - Reducing Vulnerability of Ports and Harbors to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T08:19:21","indexId":"70181782","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reducing Vulnerability of Ports and Harbors to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards","docAbstract":"Recent scientific research suggests the Pacific Northwest could experience catastrophic earthquakes in the near future, both from distant and local sources, posing a significant threat to coastal communities. Damage could result from numerous earthquake-related hazards, such as severe ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, land subsidence/uplift, and tsunami inundation. Because of their geographic location, ports and harbors are especially vulnerable to these hazards. Ports and harbors, however, are important components of many coastal communities, supporting numerous activities critical to the local and regional economy and possibly serving as vital post-event, response-recovery transportation links. A collaborative, multi-year initiative is underway to increase the resiliency of Pacific Northwest ports and harbors to earthquake and tsunami hazards, involving Oregon Sea Grant (OSG), Washington Sea Grant (WSG), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center (CSC), and the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Science Policy (CSP). Specific products of this research, planning, and outreach initiative include a regional stakeholder issues and needs assessment, a community-based mitigation planning process, a Geographic Information System (GIS) — based vulnerability assessment methodology, an educational web-site and a regional data archive. This paper summarizes these efforts, including results of two pilot port-harbor community projects, one in Yaquina Bay, Oregon and the other in Sinclair Inlet, Washington. Finally, plans are outlined for outreach to other port and harbor communities in the Pacific Northwest and beyond, using \"getting started\" workshops and a web-based tutorial.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Disasters Conference 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Disasters Conference 2002","conferenceDate":"February 24-27, 2002","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40605(258)81","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., Good, J.W., and Goodwin, R.F., 2002, Reducing Vulnerability of Ports and Harbors to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards, in Coastal Disasters Conference 2002, San Diego, CA, February 24-27, 2002, p. 949-963, https://doi.org/10.1061/40605(258)81.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"963","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","city":"Sinclair Inlet, Yaquina 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42537e4b0c825128ad44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Good, James W.","contributorId":179130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodwin, Robert F.","contributorId":181532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185160,"text":"70185160 - 2002 - West Florida shelf circulation and temperature budget for the 1999 spring transition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T14:19:56","indexId":"70185160","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"West Florida shelf circulation and temperature budget for the 1999 spring transition","docAbstract":"Mid-latitude continental shelves undergo a spring transition as the net surface heat flux changes from cooling to warming. Using in situ data and a numerical circulation model we investigate the circulation and temperature budget on the West Florida Continental Shelf (WFS) for the spring transition of 1999. The model is a regional adaptation of the primitive equation, Princeton Ocean Model forced by NCEP reanalysis wind and heat flux fields and by river inflows. Based on agreements between the modeled and observed fields we use the model to draw inferences on how the surface momentum and heat fluxes affect the seasonal and synoptic scale variability. We account for a strong southeastward current at mid-shelf by the baroclinic response to combined wind and buoyancy forcing, and we show how this local forcing leads to annually occurring cold and low salinity tongues. Through term-by-term analyses of the temperature budget we describe the WFS temperature evolution in spring. Heat flux largely controls the seasonal transition, whereas ocean circulation largely controls the synoptic scale variability. These two processes, however, are closely linked. Bottom topography and coastline geometry are important in generating regions of convergence and divergence. Rivers contribute to the local hydrography and are important ecologically. Along with upwelling, river inflows facilitate frontal aggregation of nutrients and the spring formation of a high concentration chlorophyll plume near the shelf break (the so-called ‘Green River’) coinciding with the cold, low salinity tongues. These features originate by local, shelf-wide forcing; the Loop Current is not an essential ingredient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00085-1","usgsCitation":"He, R., and Weisberg, R.H., 2002, West Florida shelf circulation and temperature budget for the 1999 spring transition: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 719-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00085-1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"748","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 24.086589258228027\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 24.086589258228027\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 24.086589258228027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d3e4b0849ce97c86e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Ruoying","contributorId":68029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ruoying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisberg, Robert H.","contributorId":147992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195488,"text":"70195488 - 2002 - New shoreline change data and analysis for the Massachusetts shore with emphasis on Cape Cod and the islands: Mid-1800s to 1994 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T13:38:47","indexId":"70195488","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5633,"text":"Environment Cape Cod","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New shoreline change data and analysis for the Massachusetts shore with emphasis on Cape Cod and the islands: Mid-1800s to 1994 ","docAbstract":"That shorelines change, oftentimes dramatically in short periods of time, is an accepted fact for those who live along the shore. However, when two-thirds or approximately 512 miles of a state's ocean-facing shore exhibits a long-term erosional trend, in some locations eroding at an average annual rate of 12 feet per year, as is the case in Massachusetts, shoreline property owners, prospective shorefront property owners, and coastal managers need to pay particular attention to the future location of the shoreline to avoid physical and economic disasters.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Sea Grant Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Cape Cod Cooperative Extension recently completed an update and statistical analysis of historical shoreline change along approximately 1,000 miles of Massachusetts' ocean-facing shore, of which 754 miles were statistically analyzed (Thieler, O'Connell and Schupp, 2001; Schupp, Thieler & O'Connell, 2001). The project was funded by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. In general, four to five shoreline positions mapped between the mid-1800s to 1994 were used to analyze changes along the Massachusetts shore. Seventy-six shoreline change maps with accompanying data tables and a Technical Report were produced.
The results of this study reveal that approximately two-thirds of the Massachusetts shore is eroding, with 68% of the shore exhibiting a long-term erosional trend, 30% showing long-term accretion, and 2% showing no net change. ln some areas, erosion rates have accelerated based on a comparison study of previous data that was conducted in 1997 (O'Connell, 1997). Ironically, coastal property that commands some of the highest real estate values in the Commonwealth also exhibits the highest consistent long-term average annual erosion rates.
This paper describes the data sources used to map historic shorelines in Massachusetts, the methodology used to both plot a new shoreline and analyze the long-term historical data, and describes cautions necessary when interpreting and applying shoreline change data, with site-specific examples along the Massachusetts shore.
","language":"English","publisher":"Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"O’Connell, J.F., Thieler, E.R., and Schupp, C., 2002, New shoreline change data and analysis for the Massachusetts shore with emphasis on Cape Cod and the islands: Mid-1800s to 1994 : Environment Cape Cod, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.94671366508002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0b71e4b0da30c1bfcf85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connell, James F.","contributorId":202551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schupp, Courtney","contributorId":202552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schupp","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189383,"text":"70189383 - 2002 - Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage, Chapter 2 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T09:25:39","indexId":"70189383","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage, Chapter 2 ","docAbstract":"Data on the construction characteristics and the composition of influent and effluent at 13 underground, limestone-filled drains in Pennsylvania and Maryland are reported to evaluate the design and performance of limestone drains for the attenuation of acidity and dissolved metals in acidic mine drainage. On the basis of the initial mass of limestone, dimensions of the drains, and average flow rates, the initial porosity and average detention time for each drain were computed. Calculated porosity ranged from 0.12 to 0.50 with corresponding detention times at average flow from 1.3 to 33 h. The effectiveness of treatment was dependent on influent chemistry, detention time, and limestone purity. At two sites where influent contained elevated dissolved Al (>5 mg/liter), drain performance declined rapidly; elsewhere the drains consistently produced near-neutral effluent, even when influent contained small concentrations of dissolved Fe^+ (<5 mg/liter). Rates of limestone dissolution computed on the basis of average long-term Ca ion flux normalized by initial mass and purity of limestone at each of the drains ranged from 0.008 to 0.079 year-1. Data for alkalinity concentration and flux during 11-day closed-container tests using an initial mass of 4kg crushed limestone and a solution volume of 2.3 liter yielded dissolution rate constants that were comparable to these long-term field rates. An analytical method is proposed using closed-container test data to evaluate long-term performance (longevity) or to estimate the mass of limestone needed for a limestone treatment. This method condisers flow rate, influent alkalinity, steady-state alkalinity of effluent, and desired effluent alkalinity or detention time at a future time(s) and aplies first-order rate laws for limestone dissolution (continuous) and production of alkalinity (bounded).
Degelen mountain, located in EasternKazakhstan near the city of Semipalatinsk, was once the Soviets most active underground nuclear test site. Two hundred fifteen nuclear tests were conducted in 181 tunnels driven horizontally into its many ridges--almost twice the number of tests as at any other Soviet underground nuclear test site. It was also the site of the first Soviet underground nuclear test--a 1-kiloton device detonated on October 11, 1961. Until recently, the details of testing at Degelen were kept secret and have been the subject of considerable speculation. However, in 1991, the Semipalatinsk test site became part of the newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan; and in 1995, the Kazakhstani government concluded an agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense to eliminate the nuclear testing infrastructure in Kazakhstan. This agreement, which calls for the \"demilitarization of the infrastructure directly associated with the nuclear weapons test tunnels,\" has been implemented as the \"Degelen Mountain Tunnel Closure Program.\" The U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, in partnership with the Department of Energy, has permitted the use of the tunnel closure project at the former nuclear test site as a foundation on which to support cost-effective, research-and-development-funded experiments. These experiments are principally designed to improve U.S. capabilities to monitor and verify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), but have provided a new source of information on the effects of nuclear and chemical explosions on hard, fractured rock environments. These new data extends and confirms the results of recent Russian publications on the rock environment at the site and the mechanical effects of large-scale chemical and nuclear testing. In 1998, a large-scale tunnel closure experiment, Omega-1, was conducted in Tunnel 214 at Degelen mountain. In this experiment, a 100-ton chemical explosive blast was used to test technologies for monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and to calibrate a portion of the CTBT's International Monitoring System. This experiment has also provided important benchmark data on the mechanical behavior of hard, dense, fractured rock, and has demonstrated the feasibility of fielding large-scale calibration explosions, which are specified as a \"confidence-building measure\" in the CTBT Protocol. Two other large-scale explosion experiments, Omega-2 and Omega-3, are planned for the summer of 1999 and 2000. Like the Tunnel 214 test, the 1999 experiment will include close-in monitoring of near-source effects, as well as contributing to the calibration of key seismic stations for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The Omega-3 test will examine the effect of multiple blasts on the fractured rock environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute ","issn":"0074-848X","usgsCitation":"Leith, W.S., Kluchko, L.J., Konovalov, V., and Vouille, G., 2002, Ongoing research experiments at the former Soviet nuclear test site in eastern Kazakhstan, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1809-1813.","productDescription":"5","startPage":"1809","endPage":"1813","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589d8dd7e4b0efcedb7ae5d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119 wleith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":2248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"wleith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluchko, Luke J.","contributorId":179141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluchko","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konovalov, Vladimir","contributorId":94586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konovalov","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vouille, Gerard","contributorId":179142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vouille","given":"Gerard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221505,"text":"70221505 - 2002 - Palynology and microstratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T11:45:22.036129","indexId":"70221505","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T17:23:53","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology and microstratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota","docAbstract":"Palynology is used to bracket or pinpoint the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary in 17 measured sections near the contact of the Hell Creek Formation and the Ludlow Member of the Fort Union Formation in southwestern North Dakota. Palynostratigraphy is the most reliable method for locating the K-T extinction horizon - which defines the K-T boundary - in nonmarine rocks. The palynological database includes 110 taxa for which relative abundance or presence or absence data were recorded in more than 350 samples based on surveys of more than 700 000 specimens. These data from laterally extensive outcrops in the badlands along the Little Missouri River provide a temporal framework for concurrent studies in the area on megafossil paleobotany, vertebrate paleontology, lithostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy. Palynology demonstrates extinction of 30% or more of the Maastrichtian palynoflora, including characteristic Maastrichtian taxa (\"K taxa\"), at the K-T boundary. Most of the palynomorph taxa discussed probably represent higher-level plant taxa (botanical genera or families). The K-T boundary is shown to be coincident with the Hell Creek-Fort Union formational contact at only two localities; it is as much as 2.7mabove the base of the Fort Union Formation at others. Thus, a distinctive interval of Fort Union strata of Cretaceous age is recognized that is characterized by occurrences of numerous K taxa, usually in low percentage abundance, up to the K-T boundary. This interval documents a regional paleoenvironmental change that is independent of the extinction event and that is important to understanding the K-T transition throughout western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.95","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., and Johnson, K., 2002, Palynology and microstratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 361, p. 95-143, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.95.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 47.27922900257082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"361","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.R.","contributorId":28599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046985,"text":"70046985 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey spatial data access","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T14:20:14","indexId":"70046985","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T14:14:36","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2325,"text":"Journal of Geospatial Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey spatial data access","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has done a progress review on improving access to its spatial data holdings over the Web. The USGS EROS Data Center has created three major Web-based interfaces to deliver spatial data to the general public; they are Earth Explorer, the Seamless Data Distribution System (SDDS), and the USGS Web Mapping Portal. Lessons were learned in developing these systems, and various resources were needed for their implementation. The USGS serves as a fact-finding agency in the U.S. Government that collects, monitors, analyzes, and provides scientific information about natural resource conditions and issues. To carry out its mission, the USGS has created and managed spatial data since its inception. Originally relying on paper maps, the USGS now uses advanced technology to produce digital representations of the Earth’s features. The spatial products of the USGS include both source and \nderivative data. Derivative datasets include Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles (DOQ), Digital Elevation Models, Digital Line Graphs, land-cover Digital Raster Graphics, and the seamless National Elevation Dataset. These products, created with automated processes, use aerial photographs, satellite images, or other cartographic information such as scanned paper maps as source data. With Earth Explorer, users can search multiple inventories through metadata queries and can browse satellite and DOQ imagery. They can place orders and make payment through secure credit card transactions. Some USGS spatial data can be accessed with SDDS. The SDDS uses an ArcIMS map service interface to identify the user’s areas of interest and determine the output format; it allows the user to either download the actual spatial data directly for small areas or place orders for larger areas to be delivered on media. The USGS Web Mapping Portal provides views of national and international datasets through an ArcIMS map service interface. In addition, the map portal posts news about new map services available from the USGS, many simultaneously published on the Environmental Systems Research Institute Geography Network. These three information systems use new software tools and expanded hardware to meet the requirements of the users. The systems are designed to handle the required workload and are relatively easy to enhance and maintain. The software tools give users a high level of functionality and help the system conform to industry standards. The hardware and software architecture is designed to handle the large amounts of spatial data and Internet traffic required by the information systems. Last, customer support was needed to answer questions, monitor e-mail, and report customer problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geospatial Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Hong Kong Institution of Engineering Surveyors","usgsCitation":"Faundeen, J., Kanengieter, R.L., and Buswell, M.D., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey spatial data access: Journal of Geospatial Engineering, v. 4, no. 2, p. 145-152.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274888,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.lsgi.polyu.edu.hk/sTAFF/zl.li/vol_4_2/09_faundeen.pdf"}],"country":"United States","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e6e4b0d332bf22f3c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanengieter, Ronald L. ron@usgs.gov","contributorId":4537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanengieter","given":"Ronald","email":"ron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buswell, Michael D.","contributorId":63701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buswell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70257426,"text":"70257426 - 2002 - Application of GIS for assessing human vulnerability to cyclone in India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-15T15:58:42.994908","indexId":"70257426","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T10:53:21","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of GIS for assessing human vulnerability to cyclone in India","docAbstract":"This paper presents the use of GIS to assess human vulnerability due to cyclonic storm in India. Human vulnerability is conceptualized here as the exposure to hazard by external activity (e.g. cyclone) and coping capacity of the people to reduce the risk. The assessment looks at the potential exposure to people impacted by cyclonic activity in 32 Indian states and locates the vulnerable population. The paper also explores how the coping capacity of the people is related to reduce vulnerability. Integrating a variety GIS data like path of cyclone tracks, demographic distribution, and Poverty data, this study evaluates the vulnerability of the people living in cyclonic zones in India. GIS helps as a powerful tool of measuring and characterizing the potential harm to people arising from extreme variability. Through this application location of vulnerable population could be identified in a geographic domain, where the government and concerned agencies can pay special attention.
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2002 - Methods and tools for the development of hydrologically conditioned elevation data and derivatives for national applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:44:52.847531","indexId":"70261392","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T10:40:53","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methods and tools for the development of hydrologically conditioned elevation data and derivatives for national applications","docAbstract":"The National Elevation Dataset (NED) contains the best publicly available elevation data merged into a seamless dataset for the entire United States. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrologic modeling for the 21st Century, Second Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, 2nd, , 28 July 1 - 1 August, 2002","conferenceDate":"July 28-August 1, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"United States Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, the Subcommittee on Hydrology","usgsCitation":"Kost, J.R., Verdin, K.L., Worstell, B.B., and Kelly, G.G., 2002, Methods and tools for the development of hydrologically conditioned elevation data and derivatives for national applications, in Hydrologic modeling for the 21st Century, Second Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, Las Vegas, NV, July 28-August 1, 2002, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kost, Jay R. jkost@usgs.gov","contributorId":3931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kost","given":"Jay","email":"jkost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":920471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Glenn G.","contributorId":342745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":920474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263764,"text":"70263764 - 2002 - Development of a circa 2000 land cover database for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T16:32:22.580936","indexId":"70263764","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T10:31:36","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a circa 2000 land cover database for the United States","docAbstract":"Multi-Resolution Land Characterization 2000 (MRLC 2000) is a second-generation federal consortium to create an updated pool of nation-wide Landsat 7 imagery, and derive a second-generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2000). This multi-layer, multisource database will include a suite of 30-meter resolution data that will serve as standardized ingredients for the production of land cover – both nationally and locally. This database will also provide the framework to allow flexibility in developing and applying suites of independent data layers. These nationally standardized independent data layers or components, will be useful not only within the land-cover classification but as data themes for other applications. This database will consist of the following components: (1) normalized tasseled cap (TC) transformations of Landsat 7 imagery for three time periods per scene (early, peak and late), (2) ancillary data layers, including 30m DEM derivatives of slope, aspect and elevation and three STATSCO soil derivatives, (4) image shape and texture information, (5) image derivatives of percent imperviousness and percent tree canopy per-pixel, (6) classified land-cover data derived from the Tassel Capped imagery, ancillary data and derivatives, (7) classification rules and metadata from the land cover classification, allowing future users the potential to modify rules to derive land cover products tailored to their specific local applications. In a pilot study application of the database concept, two mapping zones (Utah and Virginia) were selected for full generation of the above data components. 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(Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center 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The overall accuracies for the forest/nonforest classification were over 90 percent and about 80 percent, respectively, in the two regions. The accuracies for deciduous/evergreen/mixed and forest type group classifications were around 80 percent and 65 percent, respectively, and were consistent in the two regions. These results suggest that use of FIA plot data together with satellite imagery and relevant ancillary data may substantially improve the efficiency, accuracy, and consistency of large area forest land cover mapping.
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In this paper we present results of applying decision-tree techniques to mapping vegetation parameters (such as vegetation types and canopy structure classification) required for fire fuel characterization. Specifically, we present preliminary results of mapping forest types and average basal area by different forest types at 30-meter resolution. Input data into the decision tree model included Landsat-7 ETM+ spring, summer and fall greenness, brightness and wetness of the tasseled cap transformation, topographic data layers such as slope and elevation, and forest variables measured on inventory plots in the Mid-Atlantic region. Using decision-tree models, eight forest types were successfully identified in training cases and mapped for the entire mapping area. Forest basal area per unit area (conifer and deciduous) was estimated as well using regression tree models. Cross-validation conducted for both forest types and basal area showed that discrete forest type estimation error was 35% and continuous basal area relative errors were between 58 and 72%. Accuracy was higher in homogeneous forested lands and lower in areas with fragmented forest cover. The study demonstrated that decision tree and regression tree methods are efficient for large-area vegetation mapping if sufficient large-amount of reference data are available.
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\nThe University of New Brunswick (UNB) contracted the RV Ocean Surveyor and the EM1000 MBES system from C&C Technologies, Inc., Lafayette, LA. C&C personnel oversaw data collection whereas UNB personnel conducted the cruise and processed all the data. USGS personnel were responsible for the overall cruise including the final data processing and digital map products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02410","collaboration":"Conducted under a Cooperative Agreement with the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick, Canada","usgsCitation":"Beaudoin, J.D., Gardner, J.V., and Clarke, J.E., 2002, RV Ocean Surveyor Cruise O1-02-GM; bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of selected areas of the Outer Continental Shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico; June 8, through June 28, 2002; Iberia, LA to Iberia, LA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-410, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02410.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02410.jpg"},{"id":283904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0410/intro.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403870,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52709.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4357,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0410/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":71436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":241770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, John E. 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A coalition of FGBNMS, MMS, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was formed to map additional areas of interest in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (fig. 1) in 2002. FGBNMS chose the survey areas, and the USGS chose the MBES. MMS and FGBNMS funded the mapping, and the USGS organized the ship and multibeam systems through a cooperative agreement between the USGS and the University of New Brunswick. The objective of the cruise was to map 12 regions of interest to MMS and the FGBNMS, including Alderdice, Sonnier, Geyer, Bright, Rankin (1 and 2), Jakkula, McNeil, Bouma, McGrail, Rezak, and Sidner Banks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02411","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Beaudoin, J.D., Hughes Clarke, J.E., and Dartnell, P., 2002, Multibeam mapping of selected areas of the outer continental shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Data, images, and GIS: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-411, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02411.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2002_411.BMP"},{"id":410898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52710.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0411","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b485d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaudoin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":71436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":241775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50545,"text":"ofr02408 - 2002 - Archive of boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activities 01ASR01, 01ASR02, 02ASR01, and 02ASR02, Miami, Florida, November 2001–January 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:35:11.485736","indexId":"ofr02408","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-408","title":"Archive of boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activities 01ASR01, 01ASR02, 02ASR01, and 02ASR02, Miami, Florida, November 2001–January 2002","docAbstract":"This appendix consists of two-dimensional marine seismic reflection profile\n\n data collected in canals in the Lake Belt Area of Miami, Florida. These\n\n data were acquired in November and December of 2001 and January and\n\n February of 2002 using a 4.9-m (16-ft) jonboat. The data are available in\n\n a variety of formats, including binary, ASCII, HTML, shapefiles, and GIF\n\n images. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)\n\n SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. The\n\n SEG-Y data files are too large to fit on one CD-ROM, so they have been\n\n distributed onto two CD-ROMs as explained below. Reference maps and GIF\n\n images of the profiles may be viewed with your web browser. The GIS\n\n information provided is compatible with ESRI's GIS software. A\n\n reconnaissance test line (02ASR02-02b02) was collected northwest of the\n\n survey area during Field Activity 02ASR02 for possible use in a future\n\n project. It is archived here for organizational purposes only.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02408","usgsCitation":"Calderon, K., Dadisman, S.V., Kindinger, J.L., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G., 2002, Archive of boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activities 01ASR01, 01ASR02, 02ASR01, and 02ASR02, Miami, Florida, November 2001–January 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-408, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02408.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394046,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52812.htm"},{"id":4356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-408/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6333,\n 25.6\n ],\n [\n -80.3,\n 25.6\n ],\n [\n -80.3,\n 25.9833\n ],\n [\n -80.6333,\n 25.9833\n ],\n [\n -80.6333,\n 25.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calderon, Karynna","contributorId":92739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon","given":"Karynna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":39949,"text":"wri024205 - 2002 - Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:33:20","indexId":"wri024205","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4205","title":"Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"Acidic waters containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals have contaminated the regional aquifer in the Pinal Creek Basin, which is in Gila County, Arizona, about 100 kilometers east of Phoenix. The aquifer is made up of two geologic units: unconsolidated stream alluvium and consolidated basin fill. To better understand how contaminants are transported through these units, a better understanding of the distribution of hydraulic conductivity and processes that affect it within the aquifer is needed.
\nSlug tests were done in September 1997 and October 1998 on 9 wells finished in the basin fill and 14 wells finished in the stream alluvium. Data from the tests were analyzed by using either the Bouwer and Rice (1976) method, or by using an extension to the method developed by Springer and Gellhar (1991). Both methods are applicable for unconfined aquifers and partially penetrating wells. The results of the analyses show wide variability within and between the two geologic units. Hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged from 0.5 to 250 meters per day for the basin fill and from 3 to 200 meters per day for the stream alluvium. Results of the slug tests also show a correlation coefficient of 0.83 between the hydraulic conductivity and the pH of the ground water. The areas of highest hydraulic conductivity coincide with the areas of lowest pH, and the areas of lowest hydraulic conductivity coincide with the areas of highest pH, suggesting that the acidic water is increasing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer by dissolution of carbonate minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri024205","usgsCitation":"Angeroth, C.E., 2002, Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4205, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024205.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288422,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4205/report.pdf"},{"id":288423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Globe","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,33.25 ], [ -111.0,33.583333 ], [ -110.75,33.583333 ], [ -110.75,33.25 ], [ -111.0,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeroth, Cory E. 0000-0002-2915-6418 angeroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6418","contributorId":2105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"Cory","email":"angeroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr02439","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T20:20:27.407686","indexId":"ofr02439","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-439","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","docAbstract":"This report provides digital GIS files of maps for each of the 24 plays evaluated in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002a). These are the same maps released in pdf format by Bird and Houseknecht (2002b). \r\n\r\nThe USGS released in 2002 a summary of the estimated volume of technically recoverable, undiscovered oil and nonassociated gas resources for 24 plays in NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002b). The NPRA assessment study area includes Federal and Native onshore land and adjacent State offshore areas. A map showing the areal extent of each play was prepared by USGS geologists as a preliminary step in the assessment process. Boundaries were drawn on the basis of a variety of information, including seismic reflection data, results of previous exploration drilling, and regional patterns of rock properties. Play boundary polygons were captured by digitizing the play maps prepared by USGS geologists. Federal, Native, and State areas were later clipped from the play boundary polygons, allowing for acreages to be calculated for entire plays and for various subareas within plays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02439","usgsCitation":"Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., and Bird, K.J., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-439, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02439.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52773.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efd94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180965,"text":"70180965 - 2002 - Extracting temporal and spatial information from remotely sensed data for mapping wildlife habitat: Tucson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-10T13:23:05","indexId":"70180965","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Extracting temporal and spatial information from remotely sensed data for mapping wildlife habitat: Tucson","docAbstract":"The research accomplished in this dissertation used both mathematical and statistical techniques to extract and evaluate measures of landscape temporal dynamics and spatial structure from remotely sensed data for the purpose of mapping wildlife habitat. By coupling the landscape measures gleaned from the remotely sensed data with various sets of animal sightings and population data, effective models of habitat preference were created.
Measures of temporal dynamics of vegetation greenness as measured by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite were used to effectively characterize and map season specific habitat of the Sonoran pronghorn antelope, as well as produce preliminary models of potential yellow-billed cuckoo habitat in Arizona. Various measures that capture different aspects of the temporal dynamics of the landscape were derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index composite data using three main classes of calculations: basic statistics, standardized principal components analysis, and Fourier analysis. Pronghorn habitat models based on the AVHRR measures correspond visually and statistically to GIS-based models produced using data that represent detailed knowledge of ground-condition.
Measures of temporal dynamics also revealed statistically significant correlations with annual estimates of elk population in selected Arizona Game Management Units, suggesting elk respond to regional environmental changes that can be measured using satellite data. Such relationships, once verified and established, can be used to help indirectly monitor the population.
Measures of landscape spatial structure derived from IKONOS high spatial resolution (1-m) satellite data using geostatistics effectively map details of Sonoran pronghorn antelope habitat. Local estimates of the nugget, sill, and range variogram parameters calculated within 25 x 25-meter image windows describe the spatial autocorrelation of the image, permitting classification of all pixels into coherent units whose signature graphs exhibit a classic variogram shape. The variogram parameters captured in these signatures have been shown in previous studies to discriminate between different species-specific vegetation associations.
The synoptic view of the landscape provided by satellite data can inform resource management efforts. The ability to characterize the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of habitat using repeatable remote sensing data allows closer monitoring of the relationship between a species and its landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., and Advised by Marsh, S.E., 2002, Extracting temporal and spatial information from remotely sensed data for mapping wildlife habitat: Tucson, 198 p.","productDescription":"198 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuscon","publicComments":"Submitted for a Doctor of Philosophy","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589edf2ce4b099f50d3dc5af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A.","contributorId":70487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Marsh, Stuart E.","contributorId":179145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Advised by Marsh","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58062,"text":"wri014121 - 2002 - Monitoring and analysis of combined sewer overflows, Riverside and Evanston, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:13","indexId":"wri014121","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4121","title":"Monitoring and analysis of combined sewer overflows, Riverside and Evanston, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected and analyzed flow data in combined sewer systems in Riverside and Evanston, northeastern Illinois, from March 1997 to December 1999. Continuous 2- and 5-minute stage and velocity data were collected during surcharged and nonsurcharged conditions at 12 locations. Mass balances were calculated to determine the volume of water flowing through the tide-gate openings to the Des Plaines River and the North Shore Channel and to determine the volume of water flowing past the sluice gate to the deep tunnel.\r\nThe sewer systems consist of circular pipes ranging in diameter from 0.83 feet to 10.0 feet, elliptical siphon pipes, ledges, and tide and sluice gates. Pipes were constructed of either brick and mortar or concrete, and ranged from having smooth surfaces to rough, pitted and crumbling surfaces. One pipe was noticeably affected by water infiltration from saturated ground.\r\n\r\nDuring data analysis, many assumptions were necessary because of the complexity of the flow data and sewer-system configurations. These assumptions included estimating the volume of water entering an interceptor sewer at the ''Gage Street pipe'' at Riverside, the effect of infiltration on the ''brick pipe'' at Riverside, and the minimum velocity required for the meter to make an accurate velocity determination. Other factors affecting the analysis of flow data included possible non-instrumented sources of inflow, and backwater conditions in some pipes, which could have caused error in the data analysis. Variations of these assumptions potentially could cause appreciable changes to the final massbalance calculations.\r\n\r\nMass-balance analysis at Riverside indicated a total inflow volume into chamber 3 of approximately 721,000 cubic feet (ft3) during April 22-26, 1999. Outflow volume to the Des Plaines River at Riverside through the tide gate was approximately 132,000 ft3; outflow volume to the deep tunnel through the sluice gate was approximately 267,000 ft3. The mass-balance analysis at Evanston indicated a total inflow volume into chamber 3 of approximately 5,970,000 ft3 during April 21-26, 1999. The outflow volume to the North Shore Channel through the tide gates at Evanston was approximately 2,920,000 ft3; outflow volume to the deep tunnel through the sluice gates was approximately 3,050,000 ft3.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014121","usgsCitation":"Waite, A.M., Hornewer, N.J., and Johnson, G.P., 2002, Monitoring and analysis of combined sewer overflows, Riverside and Evanston, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4121, v, 41 p. : ill. (some col.), map ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014121.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. : ill. (some col.), map ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5989,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=01-4121","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Andrew M. awaite@usgs.gov","contributorId":2215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Andrew","email":"awaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gary P. 0000-0003-0363-9873 gjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-9873","contributorId":2959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"gjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":45092,"text":"wri024054 - 2002 - Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T22:29:02.630468","indexId":"wri024054","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4054","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data","docAbstract":"The Yakima Basin National Water-Quality Assessment Program collected fecal-coliform bacteria samples during three synoptic samplings to identify and quantify the cause, source, transport, and effects of fecal-indicator bacteria in Yakima River Basin streams. The August 1999 synoptic sampling targeted the Yakima River main-stem and tributary sites, while the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings targeted small- and intermediate-sized agricultural watersheds during irrigation and nonirrigation season, respectively. Quality-assurance results indicated that variability in fecal-coliform concentrations is large and, therefore, a difference of an order of magnitude or more between sites or between times is required for the values to be significantly different 90 percent of the time.
\nThe August 1999 synoptic sampling results indicated that (1) 44 percent of the sites visited, including all the main-stem Yakima River sites, met the Class A fecal-coliform 90th percentile standard of 200 colonies per deciliter, (2) tributaries were the likely source of fecal contamination to the main stem, and (3) tributaries with high fecal-coliform concentrations typically also had high suspended-sediment concentrations. Results of the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings indicated that (1) 36 and 81 percent of the sites sampled, respectively, met the standard, (2) during the nonirrigation synoptic sampling, four of the six sites not meeting the standard were from the Granger and Sulphur subbasins, and (3) fecal-coliform concentrations during the irrigation season were generally higher than during the nonirrigation season.
\nSeveral levels of temporal variability were examined. The short-term variability observed during a synoptic sampling was found to be site specific, with some sites fairly consistent, while others were rather variable. Seasonally, most sites from the 2000 synoptic samplings showed higher concentrations during irrigation than during nonirrigation. Historically, 13 of the 22 sites sampled during both the July 1988 and August 1999 synoptic samplings had higher concentrations in 1999. The three sites with the highest concentrations in July 1988, however, all had decreases in August 1999. When compared against historical (1972-85) minimum and maximum summer-month medians, the August 1999 synoptic-sampling concentrations generally were between these values.
\nInstantaneous fecal-coliform bacteria loads were calculated for the August 1999 synoptic sampling in an effort to study the dynamics of bacterial transport. Tributaries affected by agricultural, urban, and hobby farm activities were generally the major sources of bacteria to the main-stem Yakima River during this time. When these August 1999 synoptic-sampling loads in the lower basin reach from the Yakima River at river mile 72 to Kiona (river mile 29.9) were compared to those from the July 1988 synoptic sampling, most sites had higher loads in 1999.
\nA nonparametric Spearman test was used to detect correlations between fecal-coliform concentrations and physical and chemical data collected during the synoptic samplings. Results for the August 1999 synoptic sampling, which included many mouths of tributaries, showed strong significant correlations with almost every variable. In contrast, only some of the nutrient concentrations showed strong significant correlations during the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings, which included small and intermediate- sized agricultural streams.
\nLooking forward relative to future monitoring goals, research needs, and best management practice development, four hypotheses that deal with processes and sources of bacteria were identified: (1) overland runoff transports bacteria from land surfaces to streams, (2) bacteria in the water column tend to associate with suspended matter, (3) with increasing densities of warm-blooded animals, the likelihood of fecal-coliform contamination in streams also increases, and (4) identifi- cation of bacterial sources is difficult, but must be attempted for remediation to be possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024054","collaboration":"USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Morace, J.L., and McKenzie, S.W., 2002, Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4054, 32 p.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53977.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4054/cover.jpg"},{"id":3937,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4054/wri02-4054.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.2489745346941,\n 46.262276767486384\n ],\n [\n -119.71868079140395,\n 46.573512665451716\n ],\n [\n -120.0835011849648,\n 46.589113508425584\n ],\n [\n -120.18382679319427,\n 46.81124704197978\n ],\n [\n -120.63073177530654,\n 47.277373162502755\n ],\n [\n -121.10955854185542,\n 47.39170863679644\n ],\n [\n -121.40141485670418,\n 47.10070691844439\n ],\n [\n -121.24636618944064,\n 46.27171504543068\n ],\n [\n -120.91802783523576,\n 46.00281006018693\n ],\n [\n -120.54408693183575,\n 45.89850915843371\n ],\n [\n -119.45190587861255,\n 46.1422933543444\n ],\n [\n -119.1714502010626,\n 46.05696368358997\n ],\n [\n -119.12584765186745,\n 46.202341413252384\n ],\n [\n -119.2489745346941,\n 46.262276767486384\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Cloud or fog water collected by forest canopies of any elevation could represent significant sources of required moisture and nutrients for forest ecosystems, human consumption, and as an alternative source of water for agriculture and domestic use. The physical characteristics of fogs and other clouds have been well studied, and this information can be useful to water balance or canopy–cloud interaction model verification and to calibration or training of satellite-borne sensors to recognize atmospheric attributes, such as optical thickness, albedo, and cloud properties. These studies have taken place above-canopy or within canopy clearings and rarely amid the canopy. Simultaneous physical and chemical characteristics of clouds amid and above the trees of a mountain forest, located about 3.3 km southwest of Mt. Mitchell, NC, were collected between 13 and 22 June 1993. This paper summarizes the physical characteristics of the cloud portions amid the trees. The characteristic cloud amid the trees (including cloud and precipitation periods) contained 250 droplet/cm3 with a mean diameter of 9.5 μm and liquid water content (LWC) of 0.11 g m−3. The cloud droplets exhibited a bimodal distribution with modes at about 2 and 8 μm and a mean diameter near 5 μm during precipitation-free periods, whereas the concurrent above-canopy cloud droplets had a unimodal distribution with a mode near 6 μm and a mean diameter of 6 μm. The horizontal cloud water flux is nonlinearly related to the rate of collection onto that surface amid the trees, especially for the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) sampling device, whereas it is linear when the forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) are is used. These findings suggest that statements about the effects clouds have on surfaces they encounter, which are based on above-canopy or canopy-clearing data, can be misleading, if not erroneous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00112-6","usgsCitation":"DeFelice, T.P., 2002, Physical attributes of some clouds amid a forest ecosystem's trees: Atmospheric Research, v. 65, no. 1-2, p. 17-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00112-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cbe4b08144348b7e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFelice, Thomas P.","contributorId":103831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39976,"text":"wri024083 - 2002 - Water quality of the Mississippian carbonate aquifer in parts of middle Tennessee and northern Alabama, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:35","indexId":"wri024083","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4083","title":"Water quality of the Mississippian carbonate aquifer in parts of middle Tennessee and northern Alabama, 1999","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for nitrate, fecal-indicator bacteria, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds collected in parts of Middle Tennessee and northern Alabama indicate that the Mississippian carbonate aquifer in these areas is susceptible to contamination from point and nonpoint sources. Thirty randomly located wells (predominantly domestic), two springs, and two additional public-supply wells were sampled in the summer of 1999 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These wells and springs were sampled to characterize the occurrence and distribution of the above constituents in this karst aquifer of Mississippian age and to determine the principal environmental factors related to their occurrence.Nitrate and fecal indicator bacteria were frequently detected at the sampled sites. Nitrate exceeded the drinking-water maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter in two samples; the median concentration for all samples was about 1.5 milligrams per liter. Correlation of nitrate concentrations to the amount of cropland near a site and to pesticide detections indicates that fertilizer application is the predominant source of nitrogen to the aquifer. Fecal-indicator bacteria were present in samples from about 40 percent of the sites. The presence of fecal-indicator bacteria is weakly correlated to the depth to ground water but is not correlated to a specific land use near the sites.Pesticides and pesticide breakdown products (metabolites) were detected at 74 percent of the sites sampled. Concentrations generally were less than 1 microgram per liter and no pesticide detections exceeded drinking-water maximum contaminant levels. The maximum total pesticide concentration measured was about 4 micrograms per liter. Intensity of pesticide use, proximity of sites to areas of pesticide application, and soil hydrologic group were the primary factors affecting the occurrence of pesticides.Volatile organic compounds were detected at generally low concentrations at about 81 percent of the sites sampled. Concentrations of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane at three sites equalled or exceeded drinking-water maximum contaminant levels. The maximum concentration measured was 7.5 micrograms per liter of trichloroethylene. The presence of volatile organic compounds in the Mississippian carbonate aquifer was not related to hydrogeology, soil properties, or land use near the sites; although higher total volatile organic compound concentrations and greater numbers of compounds in samples generally were associated with a higher percentage of urban land use near a site. Chloroform was the most frequently detected compound, and correlation of low-level detections to the amount of wetlands near sites having these detections may indicate biogenic formation of chloroform.The relation between land use and water quality was stronger for constituents that are contributed to the environment systematically (fertilizer and pesticide applications), than those contributed inadvertently (leaking septic tanks or chemical spills or leaks). Land use and soils characterized in circular buffer areas near sites sampled in this karst aquifer explained some of the variation in nitrate concentration and presence of pesticides. Use of land use and soil data with greater detail than the large scale data used in this analysis and buffer areas based on well capacities and ground-water withdrawals might strengthen this type of analysis.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024083","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J.A., and Shelton, J.M., 2002, Water quality of the Mississippian carbonate aquifer in parts of middle Tennessee and northern Alabama, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4083, vii, 36 p. : col. ill., col. maps. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024083.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p. : col. ill., col. maps. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4083.jpg"},{"id":3666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024083","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, John M. 0000-0002-4787-9572 jmshelto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-9572","contributorId":1751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"John","email":"jmshelto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45093,"text":"wri024129 - 2002 - Measured and simulated runoff to the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, October 1999–September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:16:55.146878","indexId":"wri024129","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4129","title":"Measured and simulated runoff to the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, October 1999–September 2000","docAbstract":"The lower Charles River, the water body between the Watertown Dam and the New Charles River Dam, is an important recreational resource for the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area, but impaired water quality has affected its use. The goal of making this resource fishable and swimmable requires a better understanding of combined-sewer-overflow discharges, non-combined-sewer-overflow stormwater runoff, and constituent loads. This report documents the modeling effort used to calculate non-combined-sewer-overflow runoff to the lower Charles River.
During the 2000 water year, October 1, 1999–September 30, 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey collected precipitation data at Watertown Dam and compiled data from five other precipitation gages in or near the watershed. In addition, surface-water discharge data were collected at eight sites—three relatively homogenous land-use sites, four major tributary sites, and the Charles River at Watertown Dam, which is the divide between the upper and lower watersheds. The precipitation and discharge data were used to run and calibrate Stormwater Management Models developed for the three land-use subbasins (single-family, multi-family, and commercial), and the two tributary subbasins (Laundry and Faneuil Brooks). These calibrated models were used to develop a sixth model to simulate 54 ungaged outfalls to the lower Charles River. Models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey at gaged sites were calibrated with up to 24 storms. Each model was evaluated by comparing simulated discharge against measured discharge for all storms with appreciable precipitation and reliable discharge data. The model-fit statistics indicated that the models generally were well calibrated to peak discharge and runoff volumes. The model fit of the commercial land-use subbasin was not as well calibrated compared to the other models because the measured flows appear to be affected by variable conditions not represented in the model. A separate Stormwater Management Model of the Stony Brook Subbasin previously developed by others was evaluated with the newly collected data from this study; this model had a model fit comparable to the models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The total annual runoff to the lower Charles River during the 2000 water year, not including contributions from combined-sewer-overflows except from the Stony Brook Subbasin, was 16,500 million cubic feet; 92 percent of the inflow was from the Charles River above Watertown Dam, 3 percent was from the Stony Brook Subbasin, 2 percent was from the Muddy River Subbasin, and less than 1 percent was from the combined inflows of Laundry and Faneuil Brooks. The remaining ungaged drainage area contributed about 2 percent of the total annual inflow to the lower Charles River. Excluding discharge from the Charles River above Watertown Dam, total annual runoff to the lower Charles River was 1,240 million cubic feet; 39 percent was from the Stony Brook Subbasin, 27 percent was from the Muddy River, which includes runoff that drains to the Muddy River conduit, 7 percent was from the Laundry Brook Subbasin, and 4 percent was from the Faneuil Brook Subbasin. Flow from the ungaged areas composed about 23 percent of the total annual inflow to the lower Charles River, excluding discharge from the Charles River above Watertown Dam.
Runoff to the lower Charles River was calculated for two design storms representing a 3-month and a 1-year event, 1.84 and 2.79 inches of total rainfall, respectively. These simulated discharges were provided to the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority for use in a receiving-water model of the lower Charles River. Total storm runoff to the lower Charles River was 111 and 257 million cubic feet for the 3-month and 1-year storms, respectively. Excluding discharge from the Charles River above Watertown Dam, total runoff to the lower Charles River was 30 and 53 million cubic feet for the 3-month and 1-year storms, respectively. Runoff from the various tributary areas for the design storms was about in the same proportion as that for the annual runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024129","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Barlow, L.K., 2002, Measured and simulated runoff to the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, October 1999–September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4129, vi, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024129.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394619,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54107.htm"},{"id":3938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Charles River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.2667\n ],\n [\n -71.0667,\n 42.2667\n ],\n [\n -71.0667,\n 42.3833\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.3833\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.2667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Lora K.","contributorId":90279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}