Expert elicitation is a rigorous method for synthesizing expert knowledge to inform decision making and is reliable and practical when field data are limited. We evaluated the feasibility of applying expert elicitation to estimate population-level effects of disturbance on marine mammals. Diverse experts estimated parameters related to mortality and sublethal injury of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). We are now eliciting expert knowledge on the movement of right whales among geographic regions to parameterize a spatial model of health. Expert elicitation complements methods such as simulation models or extrapolations from other species, sometimes with greater accuracy and less uncertainty.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The effects of noise on aquatic life II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_35","usgsCitation":"Fleishman, E., Burgman, M., Runge, M.C., Schick, R.S., and Krauss, S., 2016, Expert elicitation of population-level effects of disturbance, chap. of The effects of noise on aquatic life II, v. 875, p. 295-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_35.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-071243","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"875","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdefee4b0824b2d179cf2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Popper, Arthur N.","contributorId":175351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Popper","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, Anthony","contributorId":175352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgman, Mark","contributorId":150633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgman","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schick, Robert S","contributorId":149294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":12470,"text":"University of St. Andrews","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krauss, Scott","contributorId":43250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191951,"text":"70191951 - 2016 - A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T11:25:32","indexId":"70191951","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery","docAbstract":"Unintentional and illegal introductions of species disrupt food webs and threaten the success of managed sport fisheries. Although many populations of Burbot Lota lota are declining in the species’ native range, a nonnative population recently expanded into Flaming Gorge Reservoir (FGR), Wyoming–Utah, and threatens to disrupt predator–prey interactions within this popular sport fishery. To determine potential impacts on sport fishes, especially trophy Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, we assessed the relative abundance of Burbot and quantified the potential trophic or food web impacts of this population by using diet, stable isotope, and bioenergetic analyses. We did not detect a significant potential for food resource competition between Burbot and Lake Trout (Schoener’s overlap index = 0.13), but overall consumption by Burbot likely affects other sport fishes, as indicated by our analyses of trophic niche space. Diet analyses suggested that crayfish were important diet items across time (89.3% of prey by weight in autumn; 49.4% in winter) and across Burbot size-classes (small: 77.5% of prey by weight; medium: 76.6%; large: 39.7%). However, overall consumption by Burbot increases as water temperatures cool, and fish consumption by Burbot in FGR was observed to increase during winter. Specifically, large Burbot consumed more salmonids, and we estimated (bioenergetically) that up to 70% of growth occurred in late autumn and winter. Further, our population-wide consumption estimates indicated that Burbot could consume up to double the biomass of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked annually (>1.3 × 105 kg; >1 million individuals) into FGR. Overall, we provide some of the first information regarding Burbot trophic interactions outside of the species’ native range; these findings can help to inform the management of sport fisheries if Burbot range expansion occurs elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1227372","usgsCitation":"Klobucar, S., Saunders, W.C., and Budy, P., 2016, A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1386-1398, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1227372.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1398","ipdsId":"IP-074691","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -109.35516357421874,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -109.35516357421874,\n 41.52297326747377\n ],\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 41.52297326747377\n ],\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 40.875103022165824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b997e4b05fe04cd65ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klobucar, Stephen L.","contributorId":172291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klobucar","given":"Stephen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saunders, W. Carl","contributorId":46883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192358,"text":"70192358 - 2016 - Book review: Foundations of wildlife diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:33:08","indexId":"70192358","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Foundations of wildlife diseases","docAbstract":"A new textbook for practitioners and students of wildlife disease is available. Rick Botzler and Richard Brown have provided an excellent addition to the wildlife disease literature with Foundations of Wildlife Diseases. It has been 8 years since the last major wildlife disease book (Wobeser 2006), and over 40 years since the first major wildlife disease compilation (Page 1975), an edited summary of the 3rd International Wildlife Disease meeting in Munich, Germany. Many people interested in wildlife diseases have waited eagerly for this book, and they will not be disappointed.
Book information: Foundations of Wildlife Diseases. By Richard G. Botzler and Richard N. Brown. University of California Press, Oakland, California, USA. 2014. 429 pp., viii preface material. ISBN: 9780520276093.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-52.4.976","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., 2016, Book review: Foundations of wildlife diseases: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 4, p. 976-979, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-52.4.976.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"979","ipdsId":"IP-072993","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a7e4b0220bbd9d9f77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182777,"text":"70182777 - 2016 - Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T12:32:34","indexId":"70182777","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the progress of management programs for invasive species is crucial for demonstrating impacts to stakeholders and strategic planning of resource allocation. Estimates of abundance before and after management activities can serve as a useful metric of population management programs. However, many methods of estimating population size are too labor intensive and costly to implement, posing restrictive levels of burden on operational programs. Removal models are a reliable method for estimating abundance before and after management using data from the removal activities exclusively, thus requiring no work in addition to management. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate abundance from removal data accounting for varying levels of effort, and used simulations to assess the conditions under which reliable population estimates are obtained. We applied this model to estimate site-specific abundance of an invasive species, feral swine (Sus scrofa), using removal data from aerial gunning in 59 site/time-frame combinations (480–19,600 acres) throughout Oklahoma and Texas, USA. Simulations showed that abundance estimates were generally accurate when effective removal rates (removal rate accounting for total effort) were above 0.40. However, when abundances were small (<50) the effective removal rate needed to accurately estimates abundances was considerably higher (0.70). Based on our post-validation method, 78% of our site/time frame estimates were accurate. To use this modeling framework it is important to have multiple removals (more than three) within a time frame during which demographic changes are minimized (i.e., a closed population; ≤3 months for feral swine). Our results show that the probability of accurately estimating abundance from this model improves with increased sampling effort (8+ flight hours across the 3-month window is best) and increased removal rate. Based on the inverse relationship between inaccurate abundances and inaccurate removal rates, we suggest auxiliary information that could be collected and included in the model as covariates (e.g., habitat effects, differences between pilots) to improve accuracy of removal rates and hence abundance estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.1383","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.J., Hooten, M., Miller, R.S., Farnsworth, M.L., Lewis, J., Moxcey, M., and Pepin, K., 2016, Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 7, p. 2339-2346, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1383.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2339","endPage":"2346","ipdsId":"IP-067270","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba6e4b01ccd5500bb01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Amy J.","contributorId":149854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":673716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Ryan S.","contributorId":49005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, Jesse S.","contributorId":147540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jesse S.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moxcey, Michael","contributorId":187442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moxcey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pepin, Kim M. 0000-0002-9931-8312","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-8312","contributorId":187441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pepin","given":"Kim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182205,"text":"70182205 - 2016 - Evaluating methods to establish habitat suitability criteria: A case study in the upper Delaware River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:54:23","indexId":"70182205","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating methods to establish habitat suitability criteria: A case study in the upper Delaware River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Defining habitat suitability criteria (HSC) of aquatic biota can be a key component to environmental flow science. HSC can be developed through numerous methods; however, few studies have evaluated the consistency of HSC developed by different methodologies. We directly compared HSC for depth and velocity developed by the Delphi method (expert opinion) and by two primary literature meta-analyses (literature-derived range and interquartile range) to assess whether these independent methods produce analogous criteria for multiple species (rainbow trout, brown trout, American shad, and shallow fast guild) and life stages. We further evaluated how these two independently developed HSC affect calculations of habitat availability under three alternative reservoir management scenarios in the upper Delaware River at a mesohabitat (main channel, stream margins, and flood plain), reach, and basin scale. In general, literature-derived HSC fell within the range of the Delphi HSC, with highest congruence for velocity habitat. Habitat area predicted using the Delphi HSC fell between the habitat area predicted using two literature-derived HSC, both at the basin and the site scale. Predicted habitat increased in shallow regions (stream margins and flood plain) using literature-derived HSC while Delphi-derived HSC predicted increased channel habitat. HSC generally favoured the same reservoir management scenario; however, no favoured reservoir management scenario was the most common outcome when applying the literature range HSC. The differences found in this study lend insight into how different methodologies can shape HSC and their consequences for predicted habitat and water management decisions. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3025","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., Blakeslee, C.J., Cole, J.C., Talbert, C., and Maloney, K.O., 2016, Evaluating methods to establish habitat suitability criteria: A case study in the upper Delaware River Basin, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 32, p. 1765-1775, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1765","endPage":"1775","ipdsId":"IP-066571","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 41.281934557995356\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 41.281934557995356\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 41.281934557995356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc1e4b01ccd54f8b51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbert, Colin 0000-0002-9505-1876 talbertc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-1876","contributorId":181913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70181012,"text":"70181012 - 2016 - Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:08:08","indexId":"70181012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA","docAbstract":"This study investigated the potential for the uranium mineral carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O) to precipitate from evaporating groundwater in the Texas Panhandle region of the United States. The evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation was modeled with the USGS geochemical code PHREEQC using water-quality data from 100 groundwater wells downloaded from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database. While most modeled groundwater compositions precipitated calcite upon evaporation, not all groundwater became saturated with respect to carnotite with the system open to CO2. Thus, the formation of calcite is not a necessary condition for carnotite to form. Rather, the determining factor in achieving carnotite saturation was the evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation following calcite precipitation. Modeling in this study showed that if the initial major-ion groundwater composition was dominated by calcium-magnesium-sulfate (>70 precent Ca + Mg and >50 percent SO4 + Cl) or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (>70 percent Ca + Mg and <70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was greater than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa+2 > mHCO3− + 2mCO3−2) carnotite saturation was achieved. If, however, the initial major-ion groundwater composition is sodium-bicarbonate (varying amounts of Na, 40–100 percent Na), calcium-sodium-sulfate, or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate composition (>70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was less than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa+2 < mHCO3- + 2mCO3−2) carnotite saturation was not achieved. In systems open to CO2, carnotite saturation occurred in most samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 95 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 ranging from 10−3.5 to 10−2.5 atm. Carnotite saturation occurred in a few samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 98 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 equal to 10−2.0 atm. Carnotite saturation did not occur in any groundwater with the system closed to CO2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.004","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., and Yager, D.B., 2016, Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 73, p. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-069663","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 33.925129700072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589fff23e4b099f50d3e0450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":663275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193723,"text":"70193723 - 2016 - Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:01:31","indexId":"70193723","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments","docAbstract":"The decompression rate of magma as it ascends during volcanic eruptions is an important but poorly constrained parameter that controls many of the processes that influence eruptive behavior. In this study, we quantify decompression rates for basaltic magmas using volatile diffusion in olivine-hosted melt tubes (embayments) for three contrasting eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii. Incomplete exsolution of H2O, CO2, and S from the embayment melts during eruptive ascent creates diffusion profiles that can be measured using microanalytical techniques, and then modeled to infer the average decompression rate. We obtain average rates of ~0.05–0.45 MPa s−1 for eruptions ranging from Hawaiian style fountains to basaltic subplinian, with the more intense eruptions having higher rates. The ascent timescales for these magmas vary from around ~5 to ~36 min from depths of ~2 to ~4 km, respectively. Decompression-exsolution models based on the embayment data also allow for an estimate of the mass fraction of pre-existing exsolved volatiles within the magma body. In the eruptions studied, this varies from 0.1 to 3.2 wt% but does not appear to be the key control on eruptive intensity. Our results do not support a direct link between the concentration of pre-eruptive volatiles and eruptive intensity; rather, they suggest that for these eruptions, decompression rates are proportional to independent estimates of mass discharge rate. Although the intensity of eruptions is defined by the discharge rate, based on the currently available dataset of embayment analyses, it does not appear to scale linearly with average decompression rate. This study demonstrates the utility of the embayment method for providing quantitative constraints on magma ascent during explosive basaltic eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-016-1064-x","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, D.J., Gonnermann, H.M., Ruprecht, P., Plank, T., Hauri, E.H., Houghton, B.F., and Swanson, D., 2016, Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 78, no. 10, Article 71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1064-x.","productDescription":"Article 71","ipdsId":"IP-058137","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/104505/1/Ferguson%20et%20al%202016.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea volcano","volume":"78","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fd8029e4b0531197b50144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, David J.","contributorId":199795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":35453,"text":"University of Leeds, UK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13619,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonnermann, Helge M.","contributorId":48465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"Helge","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35613,"text":"Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruprecht, Philipp","contributorId":199796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruprecht","given":"Philipp","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":35453,"text":"University of Leeds, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plank, Terry","contributorId":16743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plank","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauri, Erik H.","contributorId":199798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauri","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":35612,"text":"Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. donswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70184238,"text":"70184238 - 2016 - Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:24:22","indexId":"70184238","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States","docAbstract":"To investigate interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality, and adjacent land cover, we collected samples of water, sediment, and frog tissue from 21 sites in 7 States in the United States (US) representing a variety of amphibian habitats. All samples were analyzed for > 90 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and water and frogs were screened for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) using molecular methods. Pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected frequently in frog breeding habitats (water and sediment) as well as in frog tissue. Fungicides occurred more frequently in water, sediment, and tissue than was expected based upon their limited use relative to herbicides or insecticides. Pesticide occurrence in water or sediment was not a strong predictor of occurrence in tissue, but pesticide concentrations in tissue were correlated positively to agricultural and urban land, and negatively to forested land in 2-km buffers around the sites. Bd was detected in water at 45% of sites, and on 34% of swabbed frogs. Bd detections in water were not associated with differences in land use around sites, but sites with detections had colder water. Frogs that tested positive for Bd were associated with sites that had higher total fungicide concentrations in water and sediment, but lower insecticide concentrations in sediments relative to frogs that were Bd negative. Bd concentrations on frog swabs were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen and phosphorus, and negatively correlated to pH and water temperature.
Data were collected from a range of locations and amphibian habitats and represent some of the first field-collected information aimed at understanding the interactions between pesticides, land use, and amphibian disease. These interactions are of particular interest to conservation efforts as many amphibians live in altered habitats and may depend on wetlands embedded in these landscapes to survive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.062","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Smalling, K., Anderson, C.W., Calhoun, D.L., Chestnut, T.E., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 566-567, p. 320-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.062.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"332","ipdsId":"IP-073673","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, 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","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calhoun, Daniel L. 0000-0003-2371-6936 dcalhoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6936","contributorId":1455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Daniel","email":"dcalhoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chestnut, Tara E. chestnut@usgs.gov","contributorId":3921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chestnut","given":"Tara","email":"chestnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178678,"text":"70178678 - 2016 - Watershed geomorphological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T14:39:44","indexId":"70178678","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Watershed geomorphological characteristics","docAbstract":"This chapter describes commonly used geomorphological characteristics that are useful for analyzing watershed-scale hydrology and sediment dynamics. It includes calculations and measurements for stream network features and areal basin characteristics that cover a range of spatial and temporal scales and dimensions of watersheds. Construction and application of longitudinal profiles are described in terms of understanding the three-dimensional development of stream networks. A brief discussion of outstanding problems and directions for future work, particularly as they relate to water-resources management, is provided. Notations with preferred units are given.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of applied hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"McGraw Hill","isbn":"9780071835091","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., 2016, Watershed geomorphological characteristics, chap. of Handbook of applied hydrology, p. 44-1-44-12.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"44-1","endPage":"44-12","ipdsId":"IP-063389","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ae4b0849ce97dc742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":173463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178640,"text":"70178640 - 2016 - Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:09:52","indexId":"70178640","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus","docAbstract":"Compared to tropical corals, much less is known about deep-sea coral biology and ecology. Although the microbial communities of some deep-sea corals have been described, this is the first study to characterize the bacterial community associated with the deep-sea octocoral, Paramuricea placomus. Samples from five colonies of P. placomus were collected from Baltimore Canyon (379–382 m depth) in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of the United States of America. DNA was extracted from the coral samples and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were pyrosequenced using V4-V5 primers. Three samples sequenced deeply (>4,000 sequences each) and were further analyzed. The dominant microbial phylum was Proteobacteria, but other major phyla included Firmicutes and Planctomycetes. A conserved community of bacterial taxa held in common across the three P. placomuscolonies was identified, comprising 68–90% of the total bacterial community depending on the coral individual. The bacterial community of P. placomusdoes not appear to include the genus Endozoicomonas, which has been found previously to be the dominant bacterial associate in several temperate and tropical gorgonians. Inferred functionality suggests the possibility of nitrogen cycling by the core bacterial community.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.2529","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., Ross, S., and Brooke, S.D., 2016, Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus: PeerJ, v. 4, e2529; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2529.","productDescription":"e2529; 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062732","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2529","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dfe4b04fc80e5073a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":41134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve W.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooke, Sandra D.","contributorId":167844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooke","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24836,"text":"Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192733,"text":"70192733 - 2016 - Consequences of changes in vegetation and snow cover for climate feedbacks in Alaska and northwest Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:14:53","indexId":"70192733","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of changes in vegetation and snow cover for climate feedbacks in Alaska and northwest Canada","docAbstract":"Changes in vegetation and snow cover may lead to feedbacks to climate through changes in surface albedo and energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere. In addition to these biogeophysical feedbacks, biogeochemical feedbacks associated with changes in carbon (C) storage in the vegetation and soils may also influence climate. Here, using a transient biogeographic model (ALFRESCO) and an ecosystem model (DOS-TEM), we quantified the biogeophysical feedbacks due to changes in vegetation and snow cover across continuous permafrost to non-permafrost ecosystems in Alaska and northwest Canada. We also computed the changes in carbon storage in this region to provide a general assessment of the direction of the biogeochemical feedback. We considered four ecoregions, or Landscape Conservations Cooperatives (LCCs; including the Arctic, North Pacific, Western Alaska, and Northwest Boreal). We examined the 90 year period from 2010 to 2099 using one future emission scenario (A1B), under outputs from two general circulation models (MPI-ECHAM5 and CCCMA-CGCM3.1). We found that changes in snow cover duration, including both the timing of snowmelt in the spring and snow return in the fall, provided the dominant positive biogeophysical feedback to climate across all LCCs, and was greater for the ECHAM (+3.1 W m−2 decade−1regionally) compared to the CCCMA (+1.3 W m−2 decade−1 regionally) scenario due to an increase in loss of snow cover in the ECHAM scenario. The greatest overall negative feedback to climate from changes in vegetation cover was due to fire in spruce forests in the Northwest Boreal LCC and fire in shrub tundra in the Western LCC (−0.2 to −0.3 W m−2 decade−1). With the larger positive feedbacks associated with reductions in snow cover compared to the smaller negative feedbacks associated with shifts in vegetation, the feedback to climate warming was positive (total feedback of +2.7 W m−2decade regionally in the ECHAM scenario compared to +0.76 W m−2 decade regionally in the CCCMA scenario). Overall, increases in C storage in the vegetation and soils across the study region would act as a negative feedback to climate. By exploring these feedbacks to climate, we can reach a more integrated understanding of the manner in which climate change may impact interactions between high-latitude ecosystems and the global climate system.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105003","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E., Bennett, A.P., Breen, A.L., Genet, H., Lindgren, M.A., Kurkowski, T., McGuire, A.D., and Rupp, T., 2016, Consequences of changes in vegetation and snow cover for climate feedbacks in Alaska and northwest Canada: Environmental Research Letters, v. 11, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105003.","productDescription":"Article 105003; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-075009","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.560546875,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -125.20019531249999,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -125.20019531249999,\n 71.38514208411495\n ],\n [\n -179.560546875,\n 71.38514208411495\n ],\n [\n -179.560546875,\n 50.958426723359935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bee4b0dc0b45b453e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, Eugénie S.","contributorId":83378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"Eugénie S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, A. P.","contributorId":200154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breen, Amy L.","contributorId":81396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genet, Helene","contributorId":95370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genet","given":"Helene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindgren, Michael A.","contributorId":33237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurkowski, Tom","contributorId":198681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurkowski","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rupp, T. Scott","contributorId":21395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70191893,"text":"70191893 - 2016 - How well are you teaching one of the most important biological concepts for humankind? A call to action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:18:01","indexId":"70191893","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5534,"text":"The American Biology Teacher","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How well are you teaching one of the most important biological concepts for humankind? A call to action","docAbstract":"We represent several generations of biology educators – with teaching experiences beginning in the 1940s and continuing to the present, from elementary school to graduate-level programs. We find the vast array of subjects that biology teachers can now cover both thrilling and mind-boggling. Depending on the grade level, units exist that focus on neurobiology, forensics, DNA analysis, biotechnology, marine biology, and a host of other topics.
Although science teachers cover a potpourri of advanced topics, we must ask ourselves – no matter our biology-teaching responsibilities – how well we are teaching carrying capacity, one of the most fundamental biological concepts for our society, knowledge of which becomes more important every day. As biology teachers, most of you know that carrying capacity is defined as the maximum population an environment can sustain, given the amounts of food, habitat, and other resources available. Every environment – from your goldfish bowl to the local forest to planet Earth – can only sustain a set number (weight) of a particular species, based on available resources and space. Currently, most science classes teach …
","language":"English","publisher":"National Association of Biology Teachers","doi":"10.1525/abt.2016.78.8.623","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Fife, D.A., and Bonar, J.S., 2016, How well are you teaching one of the most important biological concepts for humankind? A call to action: The American Biology Teacher, v. 78, no. 8, p. 623-623, https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.8.623.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"623","ipdsId":"IP-066233","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9c5e4b09af898c8cc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fife, Deanna A.","contributorId":198571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fife","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonar, John S.","contributorId":198572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonar","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179646,"text":"70179646 - 2016 - DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:13:30","indexId":"70179646","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state","docAbstract":"The boreal region stores large amounts of organic carbon (C) in organic-soil horizons, which are vulnerable to destabilization via warming and disturbance. Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) contributes to the production and turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM). While temperature is a primary control on rates of SOM and DOM cycling, little is known about temperature effects on DOM composition in soil leachate. Here we conducted a 30 day incubation to examine the effects of temperature (20 versus 5°C) and SOM decomposition state (moss versus fibric versus amorphous horizons) on DOM composition in organic soils of interior Alaska. We characterized DOM using bulk dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration, chemical fractionation, optical properties, and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. We observed an increase in DOC concentration and DOM aromaticity in the 20°C treatment compared to the 5°C treatment. Leachate from fibric horizons had higher DOC concentration than shallow moss or deep amorphous horizons. We also observed chemical shifts in DOM leachate over time, including increases in hydrophobic organic acids, polyphenols, and condensed aromatics and decreases in low-molecular weight hydrophilic compounds and aliphatics. We compared ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and optical data and observed strong correlations between polyphenols, condensed aromatics, SUVA254, and humic-like fluorescence intensities. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM was preferentially mineralized, and the magnitude of this transformation was determined by kinetics (i.e., temperature) and substrate quality (i.e., soil horizon). With future warming, our findings indicate that organic soils may release higher concentrations of aromatic DOM to aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016JG003431","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Butler, K.D., Guillemette, F., Podgorski, D.C., and Spencer, R., 2016, DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 121, no. 10, p. 2727-2744, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003431.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2727","endPage":"2744","ipdsId":"IP-077855","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760116e4b04eac8e0746e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":178151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guillemette, Francois","contributorId":178152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillemette","given":"Francois","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podgorski, David C.","contributorId":178153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podgorski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178043,"text":"70178043 - 2016 - Simulation modeling to explore the effects of length-based harvest regulations for Ictalurus fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T12:54:35","indexId":"70178043","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation modeling to explore the effects of length-based harvest regulations for Ictalurus fisheries","docAbstract":"Management of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Channel Catfish I. punctatus for trophy production has recently become more common. Typically, trophy management is attempted with length-based regulations that allow for the moderate harvest of small fish but restrict the harvest of larger fish. However, the specific regulations used vary considerably across populations, and no modeling efforts have evaluated their effectiveness. We used simulation modeling to compare total yield, trophy biomass (Btrophy), and sustainability (spawning potential ratio [SPR] > 0.30) of Blue Catfish and Channel Catfish populations under three scenarios: (1) current regulation (typically a length-based trophy regulation), (2) the best-performing minimum length regulation (MLRbest), and (3) the best-performing length-based trophy catfish regulation (LTRbest; “best performing” was defined as the regulation that maximized yield, Btrophy, and sustainability). The Btrophy produced did not differ among the three scenarios. For each fishery, the MLRbest and LTRbest produced greater yield (>22% more) than the current regulation and maintained sustainability at higher finite exploitation rates (>0.30) than the current regulation. The MLRbest and LTRbest produced similar yields and SPRs for Channel Catfish and similar yields for Blue Catfish; however, the MLRbest for Blue Catfish produced more resilient fisheries (higher SPR) than the LTRbest. Overall, the variation in yield, Btrophy, and SPR among populations was greater than the variation among regulations applied to any given population, suggesting that population-specific regulations may be preferable to regulations applied to geographic regions. We conclude that LTRs are useful for improving catfish yield and maintaining sustainability without overly restricting harvest but are not effective at increasing the Btrophy of catfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1204391","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., Long, J.M., and Shoup, D.E., 2016, Simulation modeling to explore the effects of length-based harvest regulations for Ictalurus fisheries: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1190-1204, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1204391.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1190","endPage":"1204","ipdsId":"IP-068502","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c2e4b0bb36a4c91015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoup, Daniel E.","contributorId":141325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoup","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187241,"text":"70187241 - 2016 - Development of habitat suitability indices for the Candy Darter, with cross-scale validation across representative populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T14:00:09","indexId":"70187241","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of habitat suitability indices for the Candy Darter, with cross-scale validation across representative populations","docAbstract":"Understanding relationships between habitat associations for individuals and habitat factors that limit populations is a primary challenge for managers of stream fishes. Although habitat use by individuals can provide insight into the adaptive significance of selected microhabitats, not all habitat parameters will be significant at the population level, particularly when distributional patterns partially result from habitat degradation. We used underwater observation to quantify microhabitat selection by an imperiled stream fish, the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni, in two streams with robust populations. We developed multiple-variable and multiple-life-stage habitat suitability indices (HSIs) from microhabitat selection patterns and used them to assess the suitability of available habitat in streams where Candy Darter populations were extirpated, localized, or robust. Next, we used a comparative framework to examine relationships among (1) habitat availability across streams, (2) projected habitat suitability of each stream, and (3) a rank for the likely long-term viability (robustness) of the population inhabiting each stream. Habitat selection was characterized by ontogenetic shifts from the low-velocity, slightly embedded areas used by age-0 Candy Darters to the swift, shallow areas with little fine sediment and complex substrate, which were used by adults. Overall, HSIs were strongly correlated with population rank. However, we observed weak or inverse relationships between predicted individual habitat suitability and population robustness for multiple life stages and variables. The results demonstrated that microhabitat selection by individuals does not always reflect population robustness, particularly when based on a single life stage or season, which highlights the risk of generalizing habitat selection that is observed during nonstressful periods or for noncritical resources. These findings suggest that stream fish managers may need to be cautious when implementing conservation measures based solely on observations of habitat selection by individuals and that detailed study at the individual and population levels may be necessary to identify habitat that limits populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1217929","usgsCitation":"Dunn, C.G., and Angermeier, P.L., 2016, Development of habitat suitability indices for the Candy Darter, with cross-scale validation across representative populations: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1266-1281, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1217929.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1266","endPage":"1281","ipdsId":"IP-075181","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Development_of_Habitat_Suitability_Indices_for_the_Candy_Darter_with_Cross-Scale_Validation_across_Representative_Populations/4001256","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a3e4b022cee40dc230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Corey G.","contributorId":191569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178430,"text":"70178430 - 2016 - Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:49:02","indexId":"70178430","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada","docAbstract":"The east-central Great Basin near the Utah-Nevada border contains two great \ngroundwater flow systems. The first, the White River regional groundwater \nflow system, consists of a string of hydraulically connected hydrographic basins \nin Nevada spanning about 270 miles from north to south. The northernmost \nbasin is Long Valley and the southernmost basin is the Black Mountain area, a \nvalley bordering the Colorado River. The general regional groundwater flow \ndirection is north to south. The second flow system, the Great Salt Lake Desert \nregional groundwater flow system, consists of hydrographic basins that straddle\nthe Utah-Nevada border, with a length of about 150 miles from north to south. \nThe general regional groundwater flow direction is from south to north towards \nthe Great Salt Lake Desert.\n\nFor 15 years with support from the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), \nhydrologists, geologists, and geophysicists studied the basin connections and \nthe groundwater resources in these and adjacent flow systems over an area of \nabout 25,000 square miles. A major first part of the SNWA study was \nconstructing a 3-dimensional digital hydrogeologic framework based on \ngeologic maps and cross sections at 1:250,000 scale. This framework \ndocuments the presence of three major aquifers: (1) Paleozoic carbonate \nrocks, (2) Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks, and (3) Miocene to Holocene \nbasin-fill sediments, as well as confining units that constrain flow. We \ninterpret that movement of most groundwater through and across basins is by \nfracture-dominated flow along faults/fractures, yet in most places flow is \nprevented or retarded across faults, so mapping structures gives a first \napproximation to conduits and barriers to flow.\n\nThe most important structures by far are high-angle normal faults of the \nbasin-range episode of east-west extensional deformation. This event \nbegan at about 20 Ma, although most deformation and the formation of the \npresent topography took place between 10 Ma and present. This topography \nconsists of north-trending basins (mostly grabens) that alternate with north-\ntrending ranges (mostly horsts); erosion of the ranges filled the basins with \nclastic alluvial basin-fill deposits.\n\nGeophysics provides data on the third dimension (cross sections) of the \nhydrogeologic framework. Audiomagnetotelluric profiles and gravity \ninversion located faults and enabled us to estimate thicknesses of basin-fill \ndeposits. To this framework, hydrologic studies addressed precipitation, \nsurface water, and springs, as well as groundwater levels, volumes, \ngeochemistry, water budgets, and monitoring. At nearly the same time as \nour study, the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) and U.S. Geological Survey \n(USGS) addressed the same issues in many of the same areas, and publication \nof the efforts by all three agencies reveals a surprising similarity of conclusions, \nwith some critical exceptions, which therefore demonstrates the great value of \nmany scientists independently studying the same complex scientific problem. \nThe differences in conclusions include directions and volumes of some ground-\nwater flow paths, such as one proposed by the USGS of unlikely groundwater \nflow from Steptoe Valley to southern Snake Valley, and another proposed by the \nUGS of unlikely significant groundwater recharge flow from the Snake Range to \nthe Fish Springs complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Resources and Geo- logy of Utah's West Desert","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geologic Association","usgsCitation":"Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., Watrus, J.M., Burns, A.G., Mankinen, E.A., McKee, E.H., Pari, K.T., Ekren, E.B., and Patrick, W.G., 2016, Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada, chap. of Resources and Geo- logy of Utah's West Desert, v. 45, p. 167-200.","productDescription":"34 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877b8e4b0b7ea54521c18","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Comer, John B.","contributorId":147613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inkenbrandt, Paul C.","contributorId":191156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inkenbrandt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692019,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krahulec, K.A.","contributorId":42429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahulec","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692020,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinnell, Michael L.","contributorId":191157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinnell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692021,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watrus, James M.","contributorId":184152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watrus","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Andrews G.","contributorId":184154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Andrews","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":673665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pari, Keith T.","contributorId":184155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pari","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ekren, E. Bartlett","contributorId":47644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bartlett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patrick, William G.","contributorId":184151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70182773,"text":"70182773 - 2016 - The timing of compositionally-zoned magma reservoirs and mafic 'priming' weeks before the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai rhyolite eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T14:43:11","indexId":"70182773","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of compositionally-zoned magma reservoirs and mafic 'priming' weeks before the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai rhyolite eruption","docAbstract":"The June 6, 1912 eruption of more than 13 km3 of dense rock equivalent (DRE) magma at Novarupta vent, Alaska was the largest of the 20th century. It ejected >7 km3 of rhyolite, ~1.3 km3 of andesite and ~4.6 km3 of dacite. Early ideas about the origin of pyroclastic flows and magmatic differentiation (e.g., compositional zonation of reservoirs) were shaped by this eruption. Despite being well studied, the timing of events that led to the chemically and mineralogically zoned magma reservoir remain poorly known. Here we provide new insights using the textures and chemical compositions of plagioclase and orthopyroxene crystals and by reevaluating previous U-Th isotope data. Compositional zoning of the magma reservoir likely developed a few thousand years before the eruption by several additions of mafic magma below an extant silicic reservoir. Melt compositions calculated from Sr contents in plagioclase fill the compositional gap between 68 and 76% SiO2 in whole pumice clasts, consistent with uninterrupted crystal growth from a continuum of liquids. Thus, our findings support a general model in which large volumes of crystal-poor rhyolite are related to intermediate magmas through gradual separation of melt from crystal-rich mush. The rhyolite is incubated by, but not mixed with, episodic recharge pulses of mafic magma that interact thermochemically with the mush and intermediate magmas. Hot, Mg-, Ca-, and Al-rich mafic magma intruded into, and mixed with, deeper parts of the reservoir (andesite and dacite) multiple times. Modeling the relaxation of the Fe-Mg concentrations in orthopyroxene and Mg in plagioclase rims indicates that the final recharge event occurred just weeks prior to the eruption. Rapid addition of mass, volatiles, and heat from the recharge magma, perhaps aided by partial melting of cumulate mush below the andesite and dacite, pressurized the reservoir and likely propelled a ~10 km lateral dike that allowed the overlying rhyolite to reach the surface.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.015","usgsCitation":"Singer, B.S., Costa, F., Herrin, J.S., Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 2016, The timing of compositionally-zoned magma reservoirs and mafic 'priming' weeks before the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai rhyolite eruption: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 451, p. 125-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.015.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"125","endPage":"137","ipdsId":"IP-078234","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"451","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba6e4b01ccd5500bb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Brad S.","contributorId":184168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, Fidel","contributorId":184169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Fidel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrin, Jason S.","contributorId":184170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrin","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith 0000-0001-8024-1426 jfierstn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":147000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith","email":"jfierstn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178310,"text":"70178310 - 2016 - Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:17:58","indexId":"70178310","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction","docAbstract":"Land subsidence includes both gentle downwarping and sudden sinking of\nsegments of the land surface. Major anthropogenic causes of land subsidence\nare extraction of fluids including water, oil, and gas. Measurement and detec-\ntion of land subsidence include both ground-based and remotely sensed air-\nborne and space-based methods. Methods for measurement of subsidence at\npoints include differential leveling, global positioning system surveys, and\nextensometers. Satellite-borne differential interferometric synthetic aperture\nradar and airborne LiDAR techniques can detect land-surface movement over\nwide areas of interest. Aquifer-system compaction and subsidence owing to\ngroundwater extraction typically occurs in areas of unconsolidated alluvial or\nbasin-fill aquifer systems comprising aquifers and aquitards. Approaches to\nanalyzing and modeling deformation of aquifer systems follow from the basic\nrelations between head, stress, compressibility, and groundwater flow.\nAnalysis and simulation of aquifer-system compaction have been addressed\nprimarily using either an approach based on conventional groundwater flow\ntheory or an approach based on linear poroelasticity theory. Both approaches\nrely on the principle of effective stress outlined by Karl Terzaghi in 1925. In\nthe approach based on conventional groundwater flow theory, an aquitard\ndrainage model explains the compaction of fine grained material using the\nprinciple of effective stress and theory of hydrodynamic lag. Packages for the\nwidely-used MODFLOW groundwater model are available to simulate aqui-\nfer-system compaction and land subsidence using the aquitard-drainage\napproach. Poroelasticity theory describes the more fully coupled processes of\ngroundwater flow and three-dimensional deformation of aquifer systems.\nThe general theory accounts for compressible fluid, porous matrix and solid\ngrains. Simulation codes using the poroelastic theory include some commer-\ncial software products and a few research codes.","largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of applied hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"McGraw-Hill Education","isbn":"9780071835091","usgsCitation":"Galloway, D.L., and Leake, S.A., 2016, Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction, chap. of Handbook of applied hydrology, p. 56.1-56.11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"56.1","endPage":"56.11","ipdsId":"IP-066741","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ae4b0849ce97dc744","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684832,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194549,"text":"70194549 - 2016 - Climate change and indigenous peoples: A synthesis of current impacts and experiences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T11:06:35","indexId":"70194549","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-944","title":"Climate change and indigenous peoples: A synthesis of current impacts and experiences","docAbstract":"A growing body of literature examines the vulnerability, risk, resilience, and adaptation of indigenous peoples to climate change. This synthesis of literature brings together research pertaining to the impacts of climate change on sovereignty, culture, health, and economies that are currently being experienced by Alaska Native and American Indian tribes and other indigenous communities in the United States. The knowledge and science of how climate change impacts are affecting indigenous peoples contributes to the development of policies, plans, and programs for adapting to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This report defines and describes the key frameworks that inform indigenous understandings of climate change impacts and pathways for adaptation and mitigation, namely, tribal sovereignty and self-determination, culture and cultural identity, and indigenous community health indicators. It also provides a comprehensive synthesis of climate knowledge, science, and strategies that indigenous communities are exploring, as well as an understanding of the gaps in research on these issues. This literature synthesis is intended to make a contribution to future efforts such as the 4th National Climate Assessment, while serving as a resource for future research, tribal and agency climate initiatives, and policy development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Norton-Smith, K., Lynn, K., Chief, K., Cozetto, K., Donatuto, J., Hiza, M., Kruger, L., Maldonado, J., Viles, C., and Whyte, K., 2016, Climate change and indigenous peoples: A synthesis of current impacts and experiences: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-944, 136 p.","productDescription":"136 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077840","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349669,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr944.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fcb7e4b06e28e9c2415d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton-Smith, Kathryn","contributorId":201144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton-Smith","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynn, Kathy","contributorId":201145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chief, Karletta","contributorId":147055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chief","given":"Karletta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozetto, Karen","contributorId":147057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cozetto","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donatuto, Jamie","contributorId":201146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donatuto","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hiza, Margaret 0000-0003-2851-2502 mhiza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-2502","contributorId":198449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiza","given":"Margaret","email":"mhiza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kruger, Linda","contributorId":168546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruger","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maldonado, Julie","contributorId":168542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25327,"text":"Livelihoods Knowledge Network, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Viles, Carson","contributorId":201147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viles","given":"Carson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Whyte, Kyle P.","contributorId":168548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whyte","given":"Kyle P.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70184970,"text":"70184970 - 2016 - Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:05:48","indexId":"70184970","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords","docAbstract":"To better understand the influence of glacier runoff on fjord ecosystems, we sampled oceanographic conditions, nutrients, zooplankton, forage fish and seabirds within 4 fjords in coastal areas of the Gulf Alaska. We used generalized additive models and geostatistics to identify the range of glacier runoff influence into coastal waters within fjords of varying estuarine influence and topographic complexity. We also modeled the response of depth-integrated chlorophyll a concentration, copepod biomass, fish and seabird abundance to physical, nutrient and biotic predictor variables. The effects of glacial runoff were traced at least 10 km into coastal fjords by cold, turbid, stratified and generally nutrient-rich near-surface conditions. Glacially modified physical gradients, nutrient availability and among-fjord differences explained 67% of the variation in phytoplankton abundance, which is a driver of ecosystem structure at higher trophic levels. Copepod, euphausiid, fish and seabird distribution and abundance were related to environmental gradients that could be traced to glacial freshwater input, particularly turbidity and temperature. Seabird density was predicted by prey availability and silicate concentrations, which may be a proxy for upwelling areas where this nutrient is in excess. Similarities in ecosystem structure among fjords were attributable to an influx of cold, fresh and sediment-laden water, whereas differences were likely related to fjord topography and local differences in estuarine vs. ocean influence. We anticipate that continued changes in the timing and volume of glacial runoff will ultimately alter coastal ecosystems in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps11888","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., and Mueter, F.J., 2016, Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 560, p. 19-40, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11888.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-066857","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11888","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PZ57P7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Kuskokwim Bay chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) energy density, distribution, and stomach data, 2004"},{"id":438541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072DR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Influence of Glacier Runoff on Ecosystem Structure in Gulf of Alaska Fjords 2004-2011"},{"id":337612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 57.314657355733274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"560","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cee4b0849ce97c86ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184965,"text":"70184965 - 2016 - Late Oligocene to present contractional structure in and around the Susitna basin, Alaska—Geophysical evidence and geological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:20:30","indexId":"70184965","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Oligocene to present contractional structure in and around the Susitna basin, Alaska—Geophysical evidence and geological implications","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic Susitna basin lies within an enigmatic lowland surrounded by the Central Alaska Range, Western Alaska Range (including the Tordrillo Mountains), and Talkeetna Mountains in south-central Alaska. Some previous interpretations show normal faults as the defining structures of the basin (e.g., Kirschner, 1994). However, analysis of new and existing geophysical data shows predominantly (Late Oligocene to present) thrust and reverse fault geometries in the region, as previously proposed by Hackett (1978). A key example is the Beluga Mountain fault where a 50-mGal gravity gradient, caused by the density transition from the igneous bedrock of Beluga Mountain to the >4-km-thick Cenozoic sedimentary section of Susitna basin, spans a horizontal distance of ∼40 km and straddles the topographic front. The location and shape of the gravity gradient preclude a normal fault geometry; instead, it is best explained by a southwest-dipping thrust fault, with its leading edge located several kilometers to the northeast of the mountain front, concealed beneath the shallow glacial and fluvial cover deposits. Similar contractional fault relationships are observed for other basin-bounding and regional faults as well. Contractional structures are consistent with a regional shortening strain field inferred from differential offsets on the Denali and Castle Mountain right-lateral strike-slip fault systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01279.1","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Stanley, R.G., Haeussler, P.J., Jones, J.V., Potter, C.J., and Lewis, K.A., 2016, Late Oligocene to present contractional structure in and around the Susitna basin, Alaska—Geophysical evidence and geological implications: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1378-1390, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01279.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1378","endPage":"1390","ipdsId":"IP-078088","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01279.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cee4b0849ce97c86ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185021,"text":"70185021 - 2016 - Validation of a side-scan sonar method for quantifying walleye spawning habitat availability in the littoral zone of northern Wisconsin Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:28:24","indexId":"70185021","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a side-scan sonar method for quantifying walleye spawning habitat availability in the littoral zone of northern Wisconsin Lakes","docAbstract":"Previous research has generally ignored the potential effects of spawning habitat availability and quality on recruitment of Walleye Sander vitreus, largely because information on spawning habitat is lacking for many lakes. Furthermore, traditional transect-based methods used to describe habitat are time and labor intensive. Our objectives were to determine if side-scan sonar could be used to accurately classify Walleye spawning habitat in the nearshore littoral zone and provide lakewide estimates of spawning habitat availability similar to estimates obtained from a transect–quadrat-based method. Based on assessments completed on 16 northern Wisconsin lakes, interpretation of side-scan sonar images resulted in correct identification of substrate size-class for 93% (177 of 191) of selected locations and all incorrect classifications were within ± 1 class of the correct substrate size-class. Gravel, cobble, and rubble substrates were incorrectly identified from side-scan images in only two instances (1% misclassification), suggesting that side-scan sonar can be used to accurately identify preferred Walleye spawning substrates. Additionally, we detected no significant differences in estimates of lakewide littoral zone substrate compositions estimated using side-scan sonar and a traditional transect–quadrat-based method. Our results indicate that side-scan sonar offers a practical, accurate, and efficient technique for assessing substrate composition and quantifying potential Walleye spawning habitat in the nearshore littoral zone of north temperate lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1173141","usgsCitation":"Richter, J.T., Sloss, B.L., and Isermann, D.A., 2016, Validation of a side-scan sonar method for quantifying walleye spawning habitat availability in the littoral zone of northern Wisconsin Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 4, p. 942-950, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1173141.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"950","ipdsId":"IP-068949","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"36","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90125e4b0849ce97abcd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Jacob T.","contributorId":189253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185037,"text":"70185037 - 2016 - Integrating seasonal information on nutrients and benthic algal biomass into stream water quality monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T16:40:31","indexId":"70185037","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating seasonal information on nutrients and benthic algal biomass into stream water quality monitoring","docAbstract":"Benthic chlorophyll a (BChl a) and environmental factors that influence algal biomass were measured monthly from February through October in 22 streams from three agricultural regions of the United States. At-site maximum BChl a ranged from 14 to 406 mg/m2 and generally varied with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN): 8 out of 9 sites with at-site median DIN >0.5 mg/L had maximum BChl a >100 mg/m2. BChl aaccrued and persisted at levels within 50% of at-site maximum for only one to three months. No dominant seasonal pattern for algal biomass accrual was observed in any region. A linear model with DIN, water surface gradient, and velocity accounted for most of the cross-site variation in maximum chlorophyll a(adjusted R2 = 0.7), but was no better than a single value of DIN = 0.5 mg/L for distinguishing between low and high-biomass sites. Studies of nutrient enrichment require multiple samples to estimate algal biomass with sufficient precision given the magnitude of temporal variability of algal biomass. An effective strategy for regional stream assessment of nutrient enrichment could be based on a relation between maximum BChl a and DIN based on repeat sampling at sites selected to represent a gradient in nutrients and application of the relation to a larger number of sites with synoptic nutrient information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12451","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., and Munn, M.D., 2016, Integrating seasonal information on nutrients and benthic algal biomass into stream water quality monitoring: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1223-1237, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12451.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1237","ipdsId":"IP-072819","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7afa0e4b0849ce9795e9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185057,"text":"70185057 - 2016 - Transformative environmental governance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T16:18:40","indexId":"70185057","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5317,"text":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transformative environmental governance","docAbstract":"Transformative governance is an approach to environmental governance that has the capacity to respond to, manage, and trigger regime shifts in coupled social-ecological systems (SESs) at multiple scales. The goal of transformative governance is to actively shift degraded SESs to alternative, more desirable, or more functional regimes by altering the structures and processes that define the system. Transformative governance is rooted in ecological theories to explain cross-scale dynamics in complex systems, as well as social theories of change, innovation, and technological transformation. Similar to adaptive governance, transformative governance involves a broad set of governance components, but requires additional capacity to foster new social-ecological regimes including increased risk tolerance, significant systemic investment, and restructured economies and power relations. Transformative governance has the potential to actively respond to regime shifts triggered by climate change, and thus future research should focus on identifying system drivers and leading indicators associated with social-ecological thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817","usgsCitation":"Chaffin, B.C., Garmestani, A.S., Gunderson, L.H., Harm Benson, M., Angeler, D., Arnold, C.A., Cosens, B., Kundis Craig, R., Ruhl, J., and Allen, C.R., 2016, Transformative environmental governance: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 41, p. 399-423, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"423","ipdsId":"IP-076262","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7326237","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9fe4b0849ce9795e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffin, Brian C.","contributorId":189131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaffin","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance H.","contributorId":12182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harm Benson, Melinda","contributorId":189229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harm Benson","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, Craig Anthony","contributorId":189230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cosens, Barbara","contributorId":166744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosens","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kundis Craig, Robin","contributorId":189231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kundis Craig","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruhl, J.B.","contributorId":98223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70187250,"text":"70187250 - 2016 - Long-term deer exclusion has complex effects on a suburban forest understory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T11:38:30","indexId":"70187250","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3297,"text":"Rhodora","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term deer exclusion has complex effects on a suburban forest understory","docAbstract":"Herbivory by deer is one of the leading biotic disturbances on forest understories (i.e., herbs, small shrubs, and small tree seedlings). A large body of research has reported declines in height, abundance, and reproductive capacity of forbs and woody plants coupled with increases in abundance of graminoids, ferns, and exotic species due to deer herbivory. Less clear is the extent to which (and the direction in which) deer alter herbaceous layer diversity, where much of the plant diversity in a forest occurs. We examined the effect of 15 y of deer exclusion on the understory of a suburban hardwood forest in Connecticut exposed to decades of intensive herbivory by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We compared species richness (at subplot and plot scale), individual species and life form group abundance (% cover), and community composition between grazed and exclosure plots, as well as between mesic and wet soil blocks. Forb cover was more than twice as abundant in exclosure as in grazed plots, whereas sedge (Carex spp.) cover was 28 times more abundant, and exotic species cover generally higher in grazed than in exclosure plots. Native and exotic species richness were both higher in grazed than exclosure plots at the subplot scale, and native herbaceous richness was higher in grazed plots at both spatial scales. In contrast, native shrub richness increased with deer exclusion at the plot scale. Our results suggest that deer exclusion had contrasting effects on species richness, depending on plant life form, but that overall richness of both exotic and native plants declined with deer exclusion. In addition, site heterogeneity remained an important driver of vegetation dynamics even in the midst of high deer densities.
","language":"English","publisher":"The New England Botanical Club, Inc.","doi":"10.3119/15-35","usgsCitation":"Faison, E.K., Foster, D., and DeStefano, S., 2016, Long-term deer exclusion has complex effects on a suburban forest understory: Rhodora, v. 118, no. 976, p. 382-402, https://doi.org/10.3119/15-35.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"382","endPage":"402","ipdsId":"IP-072271","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"976","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a3e4b022cee40dc22e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faison, Edward K.","contributorId":191559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faison","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, David R.","contributorId":149881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":16810,"text":"Harvard Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}