{"pageNumber":"1072","pageRowStart":"26775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70026583,"text":"70026583 - 2004 - Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T10:12:29","indexId":"70026583","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored &delta;<sup>15</sup>N and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +47 to +77&permil; (mean: +58&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;5 to +1&permil; (mean: &minus;3&permil;); for snow, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +52 to +75&permil; (mean: +67&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;3 to +2&permil; (mean: &minus;1&permil;). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values between +12 and +33&permil; (mean: +18&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N between &minus;3 and +6&permil; (mean: 0&permil;). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranging from &minus;5 to +15&permil;, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5576","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pardo, L.H., Kendall, C., Pett-Ridge, J., and Chang, C.C., 2004, Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2699-2712, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2699","endPage":"2712","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576"}],"volume":"18","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c00e4b0c8380cd529b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardo, Linda H.","contributorId":53243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":6726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026580,"text":"70026580 - 2004 - Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026580","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington","docAbstract":"We determined survival rates, causes of mortality, and documented impacts of harvest on ???1.5-year-old male (hereafter, male) Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in 2 Washington, USA, game management units (GMUs; Skookumchuck and Snoqualmie) characterized by different hunting-season structures. We monitored 66 males (n = 28 and 38 annually) in Skookumchuck and 58 males (n = 26 and 32 annually) in Snoqualmie, September 1999-September 2001. Annual survival rates were 0.498 (SE = 0.066) in Skookumchuck and 0.519 (SE = 0.067) in Snoqualmie. Survival rates derived from population age structure did not differ from rates derived from radiotelemetry. Harvest was the primary mortality factor for each population, accounting for 67% (SE = 7; Skookumchuck) to 44% (SE = 9; Snoqualmie) of total annual mortality. Annual harvest-specific mortality rates were 0.317 (SE = 0.032) in Skookumchuck and 0.211 (SE = 0.021) in Snoqualmie, likely due to longer hunting seasons and greater hunter effort in Skookumchuck. Following the elimination of a late buck season centered on the rut in Snoqualmie, male harvest declined 56% and annual survival increased 60%, indicating that male harvest was largely additive to other mortality. Our results indicated that harvest was the primary influence on male black-tailed deer populations in Washington, was additive, and that the effect of harvest varied with hunting-season structure and hunter effort. Managers should not assume that harvesting removes a constant proportion of the male population annually, and management models that assume compensatory mortality in adult harvest may result in over-harvest of male populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bender, L.C., Schirato, G., Spencer, R., McAllister, K., and Murphie, B., 2004, Survival, cause-specific mortality, and harvesting of male black-tailed deer in washington: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 870-878, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"870","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0870:SCMAHO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2e9e4b08c986b31fa5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schirato, G.A.","contributorId":15382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirato","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, R.D.","contributorId":58064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAllister, K.R.","contributorId":23317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphie, B.L.","contributorId":25327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphie","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026576,"text":"70026576 - 2004 - The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026576","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York","docAbstract":"PnET-BGC is an integrated biogeochemical model formulated to simulate the response of soil and surface waters in northern forest ecosystems to changes in atmospheric deposition and land disturbances. In this study, the model was applied to five intensive study sites in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York. Four were in the Adirondacks: Constable Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed; Arbutus Pond, a relatively insensitive watershed; West Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with extensive wetland coverage; and Willy's Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with a mature forest. The fifth was Catskills: Biscuit Brook, an acid-sensitive watershed. Results indicated model-simulated surface water chemistry generally agreed with the measured data at all five sites. Model-simulated internal fluxes of major elements at the Arbutus watershed compared well with previously published measured values. In addition, based on the simulated fluxes, element and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) budgets were developed for each site. Sulphur budgets at each site indicated little retention of inputs of sulphur. The sites also showed considerable variability in retention of NO3-. Land-disturbance history and in-lake processes were found to be important in regulating the output of NO3- via surface waters. Deposition inputs of base cations were generally similar at these sites. Various rates of base cation outputs reflected differences in rates of base cation supply at these sites. Atmospheric deposition was found to be the largest source of acidity, and cation exchange, mineral weathering and in-lake processes served as sources of ANC. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5571","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"LiJun, C., Driscoll, C.T., Gbondo-Tugbawa, S., Mitchell, M., and Murdoch, P., 2004, The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2631-2650, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5571.","startPage":"2631","endPage":"2650","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5571"}],"volume":"18","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c3e4b08c986b3224cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LiJun, Chen","contributorId":95241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LiJun","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gbondo-Tugbawa, S.","contributorId":84546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gbondo-Tugbawa","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026573,"text":"70026573 - 2004 - Field investigation into unsaturated flow and transport in a fault: Model analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026573","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field investigation into unsaturated flow and transport in a fault: Model analyses","docAbstract":"Results of a fault test performed in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, were analyzed using a three-dimensional numerical model. The fault was explicitly represented as a discrete feature and the surrounding rock was treated as a dual-continuum (fracture-matrix) system. Model calibration against seepage and water-travel-velocity data suggests that lithophysal cavities connected to fractures can considerably enhance the effective fracture porosity and therefore retard water flow in fractures. Comparisons between simulation results and tracer concentration data also indicate that matrix diffusion is an important mechanism for solute transport in unsaturated fractured rock. We found that an increased fault-matrix and fracture-matrix interface areas were needed to match the observed tracer data, which is consistent with previous studies. The study results suggest that the current site-scale model for the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain may underestimate radionuclide transport time within the unsaturated zone, because an increased fracture-matrix interface area and the increased effective fracture porosity arising from lithophysal cavities are not considered in the current site-scale model. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.02.004","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Salve, R., Wang, J., Bodvarsson, G., and Hudson, D., 2004, Field investigation into unsaturated flow and transport in a fault: Model analyses: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 74, no. 1-4, p. 39-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.02.004.","startPage":"39","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478070,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3hq2q80m","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.02.004"},{"id":234170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fc1e4b0c8380cd539e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salve, R.","contributorId":37516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salve","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, J.-S.","contributorId":67297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, D.","contributorId":101064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026568,"text":"70026568 - 2004 - Can site response be predicted?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T14:52:51.825125","indexId":"70026568","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2240,"text":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can site response be predicted?","docAbstract":"Large modifications of seismic waves are produced by variations of material properties near the Earth's surface and by both surface and buried topography. These modifications, usually referred to as \"site response\", in general lead to larger motions on soil sites than on rock-like sites. Because the soil amplifications can be as large as a factor of ten, they are important in engineering applications that require the quantitative specification of ground motions. This has been recognised for years by both seismologists and engineers, and it is hard to open an earthquake journal these days without finding an article on site response. What is often missing in these studies, however, are discussions of the uncertainty of the predicted response. A number of purely observational studies demonstrate that ground motions have large site-to-site variability for a single earthquake and large earthquake-location- dependent variability for a single site. This variability makes site-specific, earthquake-specific predictions of site response quite uncertain, even if detailed geotechnical and geological information is available near the site. Predictions of site response for average classes of sites exposed to the motions from many earthquakes can be made with much greater certainty if sufficient empirical observations are available.","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/S1363246904001651","issn":"13632469","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2004, Can site response be predicted?: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, v. 8, no. 1S, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246904001651.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f339e4b0c8380cd4b692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026561,"text":"70026561 - 2004 - The role of density dependence in growth patterns of ceded territory walleye populations of northern Wisconsin: Effects of changing management regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026561","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of density dependence in growth patterns of ceded territory walleye populations of northern Wisconsin: Effects of changing management regimes","docAbstract":"We assessed density-related changes in growth of walleye Sander vitreus in the ceded territory of northern Wisconsin from 1977 to 1999. We used asymptotic length (Lz), growth rate near t0 (??), and body condition as measures of walleye growth to determine the relationship between growth and density. Among lakes, there was weak evidence of density-dependent growth: adult density explained only 0-6% of the variability in the growth metrics. Within lakes, growth was density dependent. Lz, ??, and body condition of walleyes changing with density for 69, 28, and 62% of the populations examined, respectively. Our results suggest that walleye growth was density dependent within individual lakes. However, growth was not coherently density dependent among lakes, which was possibly due to inherent differences in the productivity, surface area, forage base, landscape position, species composition, and management regime of lakes in the ceded territory. Densities of adult walleyes averaged 8.3 fish/ha and did not change significantly during 1990-1999. Mean Lz and body condition of walleyes were signilicantly higher before 1990 than after 1990, which may indicate an increase in density due to changes in management regimes. The observed growth changes do not appear to be a consequence of the statewide 15-in minimum size limit adopted in 1990 but rather a response to the treaty rights management regime. We conclude that walleye growth has the potential to predict regional-scale adult walleye densities if lake-specific variables are included in a model to account for regional-scale differences among walleye populations and lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-026.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Sass, G., Hewett, S., Beard, T., Fayram, A., and Kitchell, J., 2004, The role of density dependence in growth patterns of ceded territory walleye populations of northern Wisconsin: Effects of changing management regimes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1262-1278, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-026.1.","startPage":"1262","endPage":"1278","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-026.1"},{"id":233982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf64e4b08c986b324760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, G.G.","contributorId":74922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hewett, S.W.","contributorId":26255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hewett","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, T.D. Jr.","contributorId":100160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fayram, A.H.","contributorId":61217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fayram","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchell, J.F.","contributorId":33259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026559,"text":"70026559 - 2004 - Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia and across the Southern Malaysian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T16:54:33","indexId":"70026559","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia and across the Southern Malaysian Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>The ground motion hazard for Sumatra and the Malaysian peninsula is calculated in a probabilistic framework, using procedures developed for the US National Seismic Hazard Maps. We constructed regional earthquake source models and used standard published and modified attenuation equations to calculate peak ground acceleration at 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for rock site conditions. We developed or modified earthquake catalogs and declustered these catalogs to include only independent earthquakes. The resulting catalogs were used to define four source zones that characterize earthquakes in four tectonic environments: subduction zone interface earthquakes, subduction zone deep intraslab earthquakes, strike-slip transform earthquakes, and intraplate earthquakes. The recurrence rates and sizes of historical earthquakes on known faults and across zones were also determined from this modified catalog. In addition to the source zones, our seismic source model considers two major faults that are known historically to generate large earthquakes: the Sumatran subduction zone and the Sumatran transform fault. Several published studies were used to describe earthquakes along these faults during historical and pre-historical time, as well as to identify segmentation models of faults. Peak horizontal ground accelerations were calculated using ground motion prediction relations that were developed from seismic data obtained from the crustal interplate environment, crustal intraplate environment, along the subduction zone interface, and from deep intraslab earthquakes. Most of these relations, however, have not been developed for large distances that are needed for calculating the hazard across the Malaysian peninsula, and none were developed for earthquake ground motions generated in an interplate tectonic environment that are propagated into an intraplate tectonic environment. For the interplate and intraplate crustal earthquakes, we have applied ground-motion prediction relations that are consistent with California (interplate) and India (intraplate) strong motion data that we collected for distances beyond 200 km. For the subduction zone equations, we recognized that the published relationships at large distances were not consistent with global earthquake data that we collected and modified the relations to be compatible with the global subduction zone ground motions. In this analysis, we have used alternative source and attenuation models and weighted them to account for our uncertainty in which model is most appropriate for Sumatra or for the Malaysian peninsula. The resulting peak horizontal ground accelerations for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years range from over 100% g to about 10% g across Sumatra and generally less than 20% g across most of the Malaysian peninsula. The ground motions at 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years are typically about 60% of the ground motions derived for a hazard level at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The largest contributors to hazard are from the Sumatran faults.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.026","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Dewey, J., Hartzell, S., Mueller, C., Harmsen, S., Frankel, A., and Rukstales, K., 2004, Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia and across the Southern Malaysian Peninsula: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 141-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.026.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.026"}],"otherGeospatial":"Southeast Asia","volume":"390","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c9ae4b0c8380cd7e7a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, J.","contributorId":19740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, C.","contributorId":40201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rukstales, K.","contributorId":58062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026558,"text":"70026558 - 2004 - A conceptual model for river water and sediment dispersal in the Santa Barbara Channel, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026558","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A conceptual model for river water and sediment dispersal in the Santa Barbara Channel, California","docAbstract":"The ephemeral Santa Clara River delivers large amounts of freshwater and sediment to the eastern Santa Barbara Channel during brief, episodic discharge events. This discharge into the channel was characterized here with shipboard measurements during floods of 1997 and 1998. Within approximately 1-km of the river mouth, the river discharge quickly stratifies into a freshened, turbid surface plume and a bottom nephloid layer. Observations immediately off the Santa Clara River mouth on a peak day of river discharge revealed that sediment rapidly settled from the freshened surface waters, as suspended sediment in the freshened surface plume contained only ???6% of the sediment mass expected if the sediment mixed conservatively. On the two subsequent days the reduction of sediment mass in the surface plume continued at ???50% per day. These observations suggest that river sediment undergoes rapid initial settling within ???1-km of the river mouth, followed by somewhat slower rates of settling. Although we did not measure sedimentation or bottom boundary layer processes, our mass balance results suggest that almost all of the river sediment either escapes along or deposits upon the inner shelf seabed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.010","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Mertes, L., Washburn, L., and Siegel, D., 2004, A conceptual model for river water and sediment dispersal in the Santa Barbara Channel, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 24, no. 17, p. 2029-2043, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.010.","startPage":"2029","endPage":"2043","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e393e4b0c8380cd460e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mertes, L.A.K.","contributorId":50681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertes","given":"L.A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburn, L.","contributorId":99747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, D.A.","contributorId":70576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026557,"text":"70026557 - 2004 - Quantitative mineralogy of the Yukon River system: Changes with reach and season, and determining sediment provenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T09:48:40","indexId":"70026557","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative mineralogy of the Yukon River system: Changes with reach and season, and determining sediment provenance","docAbstract":"The mineralogy of Yukon River basin sediment has been studied by quantitative X-ray diffraction. Bed, beach, bar, and suspended sediments were analyzed using the RockJock computer program. The bed sediments were collected from the main stem and from selected tributaries during a single trip down river, from Whitehorse to the Yukon River delta, during the summer of 2001. Beach and bar sediments were collected from the confluence region of the Tanana and Yukon Rivers during the summer of 2003. Suspended sediments were collected at three stations on the Yukon River and from a single station on the Tanana River at various times during the summers of 2001 through 2003, with the most complete set of samples collected during the summer of 2002. Changes in mineralogy of Yukon River bed sediments are related to sediment dilution or concentration effects from tributary sediment and to chemical weathering during transport. Carbonate minerals compose about 2 wt% of the bed sediments near Whitehorse, but increase to 14 wt% with the entry of the White River tributary above Dawson. Thereafter, the proportion of carbonate minerals decreases downstream to values of about 1 to 7 wt% near the mouth of the Yukon River. Quartz and feldspar contents of bed sediments vary greatly with the introduction of Pelly River and White River sediments, but thereafter either increase irregularly (quartz from 20 to about 50 wt%) or remain relatively constant (feldspar at about 35 wt%) with distance downstream. Clay mineral content increases irregularly downstream from about 15 to about 30 wt%. The chief clay mineral is chlorite, followed by illite + smectite; there is little to no kaolinite. The total organic carbon content of the bed sediments remains relatively constant with distance for the main stem (generally 1 to 2 wt%, with one exception), but fluctuates for the tributaries (1 to 6 wt%). The mineralogies of the suspended sediments and sediment flow data were used to calculate the amount of mineral dissolution during transport between Eagle and Pilot Station, a distance of over 2000 km. We estimate that approximately 3 wt% of the quartz, 15 wt% of the feldspar (1 wt% of the alkali and 25 wt% of the plagioclase), and 26 wt% of the carbonates (31 wt% of the calcite and 15 wt% of the dolomite) carried by the river dissolve in this reach. The mineralogies of the suspended sediments change with the season. For example, during the summer of 2002 the quartz content varied by 20 wt%, with a minimum in mid-summer. The calcite content varied by a similar amount, and had a maximum corresponding to the quartz minimum. These modes are related to the relative amount of sediment flowing from the White River system, which is relatively poor in quartz, but rich in carbonate minerals. Suspended total clay minerals varied by as much as 25 wt%, with maxima in mid July, and suspended feldspar varied up to 10 wt%. Suspended sediment data from the summers of 2001 and 2003 support the 2002 trends. A calculation technique was developed to determine theproportion of various sediment sources in a mixed sediment by unmixing its quantitative mineralogy. Results from this method indicate that at least three sediment sources can be identified quantitatively with good accuracy. With this technique, sediment mineralogies can be used to calculate the relative flux of sediment from different tributaries, thereby identifying sediment provenance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., 2004, Quantitative mineralogy of the Yukon River system: Changes with reach and season, and determining sediment provenance: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 11-12, p. 1784-1794.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1794","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267366,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/content/89/11-12/1784.full"}],"volume":"89","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9226e4b0c8380cd806b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026556,"text":"70026556 - 2004 - Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotopes in modern and Holocene Protothaca staminea shells from a northern California coastal upwelling region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026556","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotopes in modern and Holocene Protothaca staminea shells from a northern California coastal upwelling region","docAbstract":"This study explores the potential of intertidal Protothaca staminea shells as high-resolution geochemical archives of environmental change in a coastal upwelling region. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were analyzed by excimer laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at sub-weekly temporal resolution in shells growing ???1 mm per month. Growth patterns of a modern P. staminea shell from Humboldt Bay, California, collected in December 1999 made it possible to infer a lifespan from 1993 to 1998. Growth hiatuses in the shell may have excluded records of extreme events. Mg/Ca ratios appeared to be partly controlled by water temperature; the correlation coefficient between temperature and Mg/Ca was r = 0.71 in one of four growth increments. Significant year-to-year differences in the sensitivity of Mg/Ca to temperature in P. staminea could not be explained, however. Sr/Ca ratios appeared to be more closely related to shell growth rate. Oxygen isotopes, measured at 2-week temporal resolution in the same shell, did not show a clear relation to local temperature in summer, possibly because temperatures were higher and less variable at the King Salmon mudflat, where the shell was collected, than in the main channel of Humboldt Bay, where water properties were monitored. Negative shell ??13C values (<-0.5???) marked spring and summer coastal upwelling events. The Mg contents of P. staminea midden shells dated to ???3 ka and ???9 ka were significantly lower than in the modern shell. This may have resulted from degradation of a Mg-rich shell organic matrix and precluded quantitative interpretation of the older high-resolution records. Elevated ??13C values in the ???3 ka shell suggested that the individual grew in highly productive or stratified environment, such as a shallow coastal embayment or lagoon. Copyright ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.021","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R., and VanGeen, A., 2004, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotopes in modern and Holocene Protothaca staminea shells from a northern California coastal upwelling region: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 19, p. 3845-3861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.021.","startPage":"3845","endPage":"3861","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.021"},{"id":234449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5628e4b0c8380cd6d3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, R.K.","contributorId":21645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026555,"text":"70026555 - 2004 - Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T16:53:57.158565","indexId":"70026555","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected with the seven most frequently detected compounds found in only 1 to 5 percent of samples at or above a concentration of 0.2 microgram per liter (<span>μg/l</span>). An assessment level of 0.2 <span>μg/l</span>&nbsp;was selected so that comparisons of detection frequencies between VOCs could be made. The seven most frequently detected VOCs were: trichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, dichlorodifluoromethane, methylbenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Solvents and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected VOC groups in private wells. The distributions of detections of gasoline oxygenates and fumigants seemed to be related to the use patterns of compounds in these groups. Mixtures were a common mode of occurrence of VOCs with one-quarter of all samples with detections including two or more VOCs. The concentrations of most detected VOCs were relatively small and only 1.4 percent of samples had one or more VOC concentrations that exceeded a federally established drinking water standard or health criterion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Lapham, W., Rowe, B., and Zogorski, J., 2004, Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1141-1157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c3e4b08c986b32ad49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, B.L.","contributorId":22384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026554,"text":"70026554 - 2004 - Landscape context moderates edge effects: Nesting success of wood thrushes in Central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026554","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape context moderates edge effects: Nesting success of wood thrushes in Central New York","docAbstract":"Despite two decades of research into the effects of habitat fragmentation and edges on nesting birds, critical information about how edges affect the success of natural nests of Neotropical migratory songbirds breeding in heterogeneous landscapes is still missing. We studied abundance and nesting success in Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding across a heterogeneous landscape in central New York from 1998 to 2000 to test the hypothesis that edge effects on nesting passerines are stronger in fragmented than contiguous landscapes. We monitored nests to estimate nesting success in edge and interior habitats in both fragmented and contiguously forested landscapes. In contiguous landscapes, daily survival rate did not differ between edge nests (0.963) and interior nests (0.968) (??2 = 0.19, p = 0.66). In contrast, in fragmented landscapes, daily survival estimates were higher in interior (0.971) than edge (0.953) nests (??2 = 3.1, p = 0.08). Our study supports the hypothesis that landscape composition moderates edge effects on actual nests of birds but does not determine the mechanisms causing these patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00254.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, M.J., and Donovan, T., 2004, Landscape context moderates edge effects: Nesting success of wood thrushes in Central New York: Conservation Biology, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1330-1338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00254.x.","startPage":"1330","endPage":"1338","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00254.x"},{"id":234417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4406e4b0c8380cd667b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Melanie J.L.","contributorId":105492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026553,"text":"70026553 - 2004 - A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026553","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3267,"text":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features","docAbstract":"Aggregate is used in road and building construction to provide bulk, strength, support, and wear resistance. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed Portland cement concrete (RPCC) are abundant and available sources of recycled aggregate. In this paper, current aggregate production operations in Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia are used to develop spatial association models for the recycled aggregate industry with regional transportation network and population density features. The cost of construction aggregate to the end user is strongly influenced by the cost of transporting processed aggregate from the production site to the construction site. More than 60% of operations recycling aggregate in the mid-Atlantic study area are located within 4.8 km (3 miles) of an interstate highway. Transportation corridors provide both sites of likely road construction where aggregate is used and an efficient means to move both materials and on-site processing equipment back and forth from various work sites to the recycling operations. Urban and developing areas provide a high market demand for aggregate and a ready source of construction debris that may be processed into recycled aggregate. Most aggregate recycling operators in the study area are sited in counties with population densities exceeding 77 people/km2 (200 people/mile 2). No aggregate recycling operations are sited in counties with less than 19 people/km2 (50 people/mile2), reflecting the lack of sufficient long-term sources of construction debris to be used as an aggregate source, as well as the lack of a sufficient market demand for aggregate in most rural areas to locate a recycling operation there or justify the required investment in the equipment to process and produce recycled aggregate. Weights of evidence analyses (WofE), measuring correlation on an area-normalized basis, and weighted logistic regression (WLR), are used to model the distribution of RAP and RPCC operations relative to transportation network and population distribution data. The models can be used on a regional scale to quickly map the relative site suitability for a RAP or RPCC aggregate recycling operation in a particular area based on transportation network and population parameters. The results can be used to identify general areas to be further evaluated on a site-specific basis using more detailed marketplace information. As transportation or population features change due to planning or actual development, the models can be easily revised to reflect these changes. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009","issn":"09213449","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Kapo, K., 2004, A GIS analysis of suitability for construction aggregate recycling sites using regional transportation network and population density features: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, v. 42, no. 4, p. 351-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009.","startPage":"351","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.009"},{"id":234416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2dde4b0c8380cd45cc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapo, K. E.","contributorId":24835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapo","given":"K. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026552,"text":"70026552 - 2004 - Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026552","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs","docAbstract":"A primary concern associated with reservoir shoreline residential development is reduction of littoral habitat complexity and diversity. One potential approach to compensate for this is the deployment of artificial-habitat modules under existing piers, but the benefit of this practice has not been demonstrated. To evaluate the effect of pier habitat modifications on fish populations in two Piedmont Carolina reservoirs, we studied 77 piers located on forty-seven, 100-m transects that were modified using plastic \"fish hab\" modules augmented with brush (brushed habs), hab modules alone (habs), or left unaltered for reference purposes. We sampled fish from all piers and transects during April, July, and October 2001 using a boat-mounted electrofisher. With few exceptions, catch rates were higher at brushed-hab piers and piers with habs than at reference piers during all seasons. Similarly, during spring and summer, fish abundance was generally higher on transects containing natural woody debris, brushed habs, and habs than on reference-developed transects; however, during fall, there were exceptions. Therefore, fish abundance associated with shorelines in these reservoirs appears to be related to the structural complexity of available habitat rather than structure composition. One year after installation, 92% of pier owners responding to a mail survey expressed satisfaction with pier modifications. Supplementing piers with habitat structures is recommended to enhance littoral habitat complexity for fishes in residentially developed reservoirs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-094.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Barwick, R., Kwak, T., Noble, R., and Barwick, D., 2004, Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1120-1133, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-094.1.","startPage":"1120","endPage":"1133","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208561,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-094.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10a2e4b0c8380cd53d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barwick, R.D.","contributorId":53997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barwick","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, R.L.","contributorId":98685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barwick, D.H.","contributorId":40389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barwick","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026551,"text":"70026551 - 2004 - Investigation of differences between field and laboratory pH measurements of national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network precipitation samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026551","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of differences between field and laboratory pH measurements of national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network precipitation samples","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken to investigate differences between laboratory and field pH measurements for precipitation samples collected from 135 weekly precipitation-monitoring sites in the National Trends Network from 12/30/1986 to 12/28/1999. Differences in pH between field and laboratory measurements occurred for 96% of samples collected during this time period. Differences between the two measurements were evaluated for precipitation samples collected before and after January 1994, when modifications to sample-handling protocol and elimination of the contaminating bucket o-ring used in sample shipment occurred. Median hydrogen-ion and pH differences between field and laboratory measurements declined from 3.9 ??eq L-1 or 0.10 pH units before the 1994 protocol change to 1.4 ??eq L-1 or 0.04 pH units after the 1994 protocol change. Hydrogen-ion differences between field and laboratory measurements had a high correlation with the sample pH determined in the field. The largest pH differences between the two measurements occurred for high-pH samples (>5.6), typical of precipitation collected in Western United States; however low- pH samples (<5.0) displayed the highest variability in hydrogen-ion differences between field and laboratory analyses. Properly screened field pH measurements are a useful alternative to laboratory pH values for trend analysis, particularly before 1994 when laboratory pH values were influenced by sample-collection equipment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:WATE.0000022971.59349.fc","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Latysh, N., and Gordon, J., 2004, Investigation of differences between field and laboratory pH measurements of national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network precipitation samples: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 249-270, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000022971.59349.fc.","startPage":"249","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000022971.59349.fc"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e87e4b0c8380cd63e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latysh, N.","contributorId":46191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, J.","contributorId":7885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026550,"text":"70026550 - 2004 - Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026550","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","docAbstract":"We test the sensitivity of seismic hazard to three fault source models for the northwestern portion of Gujarat, India. The models incorporate different characteristic earthquake magnitudes on three faults with individual recurrence intervals of either 800 or 1600 years. These recurrence intervals imply that large earthquakes occur on one of these faults every 266-533 years, similar to the rate of historic large earthquakes in this region during the past two centuries and for earthquakes in intraplate environments like the New Madrid region in the central United States. If one assumes a recurrence interval of 800 years for large earthquakes on each of three local faults, the peak ground accelerations (PGA; horizontal) and 1-Hz spectral acceleration ground motions (5% damping) are greater than 1 g over a broad region for a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years' hazard level. These probabilistic PGAs at this hazard level are similar to median deterministic ground motions. The PGAs for 10% in 50 years' hazard level are considerably lower, generally ranging between 0.2 g and 0.7 g across northwestern Gujarat. Ground motions calculated from our models that consider fault interevent times of 800 years are considerably higher than other published models even though they imply similar recurrence intervals. These higher ground motions are mainly caused by the application of intraplate attenuation relations, which account for less severe attenuation of seismic waves when compared to the crustal interplate relations used in these previous studies. For sites in Bhuj and Ahmedabad, magnitude (M) 7 3/4 earthquakes contribute most to the PGA and the 0.2- and 1-s spectral acceleration ground motion maps at the two considered hazard levels. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Rastogi, B., Schweig, E., Harmsen, S.C., and Gomberg, J., 2004, Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 105-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004.","startPage":"105","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004"},{"id":234344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"390","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d24e4b08c986b31828f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastogi, B.K.","contributorId":23145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastogi","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, E.S.","contributorId":34538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmsen, S. C.","contributorId":59039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026549,"text":"70026549 - 2004 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026549","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan","docAbstract":"A core, drilled at San-liao-wan in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan, has been analyzed for total sulfur contents, isotopic values, as well as ratios of pyritic sulfur to organic carbon. Our results demonstrate a close relationship between late Pleistocene sea-level change and the proxies generated in this study. The inorganic sulfur contents indicate that at our study site, the Holocene transgression started at ???11 ka and remained under seawater for thousands of years until the late Holocene, corresponding to a depth of 20 m in the study core. The uppermost 20 m of core shows relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) and ??34S of inorganic sulfur, suggesting a transitional environment such as muddy lagoon or marsh, before the site turned into a modern coastal plain. In the lower part of the core, at depths of 110-145 m (corresponding ages of ???12-30 ka), low sulfur contents are recorded, probably indicating fluvial sediments deposited during the oceanic isotope stage (OIS) 2, a sea-level lowstand. The lower part of the core, roughly within OIS 3, records at least two transgressions, although the transgressional signals may be somewhat obscured by subsequent weathering. The reworked origin of organic matter reported in previous studies is confirmed by our organic sulfur data; however, the marine organic source was periodically dominant. The modern high sulfate concentrations in pore water have no correlation to the other sulfur species in the sediments, probably indicating that the sulfate migrated into the site subsequent to early diagenesis. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004","issn":"13679120","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Liu, J., Shieh, Y., and Liu, T., 2004, Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 24, no. 2, p. 213-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004.","startPage":"213","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004"},{"id":234343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4518e4b0c8380cd67022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Y.-G.","contributorId":66891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, J.C.-L.","contributorId":52370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shieh, Y.-N.","contributorId":21696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shieh","given":"Y.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, T.-K.","contributorId":79272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"T.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026540,"text":"70026540 - 2004 - Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026540","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","docAbstract":"Reactive solute transport simulations in groundwater require a large number of parameters to describe hydrologic and chemical reaction processes. Appropriate methods for determining chemical reaction parameters required for reactive solute transport simulations are still under investigation. This work compares U(VI) distribution coefficients (i.e. KD values) measured under field conditions with KD values calculated from a surface complexation model developed in the laboratory. Field studies were conducted in an alluvial aquifer at a former U mill tailings site near the town of Naturita, CO, USA, by suspending approximately 10 g samples of Naturita aquifer background sediments (NABS) in 17-5.1-cm diameter wells for periods of 3 to 15 months. Adsorbed U(VI) on these samples was determined by extraction with a pH 9.45 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solution. In wells where the chemical conditions in groundwater were nearly constant, adsorbed U concentrations for samples taken after 3 months of exposure to groundwater were indistinguishable from samples taken after 15 months. Measured in situ K D values calculated from the measurements of adsorbed and dissolved U(VI) ranged from 0.50 to 10.6 mL/g and the KD values decreased with increasing groundwater alkalinity, consistent with increased formation of soluble U(VI)-carbonate complexes at higher alkalinities. The in situ K D values were compared with KD values predicted from a surface complexation model (SCM) developed under laboratory conditions in a separate study. A good agreement between the predicted and measured in situ KD values was observed. The demonstration that the laboratory derived SCM can predict U(VI) adsorption in the field provides a critical independent test of a submodel used in a reactive transport model. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G., Fox, P., Kohler, M., and Davis, J., 2004, Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1643-1653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1653","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004"},{"id":234168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86be4b0c8380cd4d0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.","contributorId":59213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026538,"text":"70026538 - 2004 - Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026538","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage","docAbstract":"Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River watershed in southeastern Idaho were sampled in September 2000 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites examined. Selenium was elevated in water, sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in water at eight sites (>5 ??g/L), sediment at three sites (>2 ??g/g), aquatic plants at four sites (>4 ??g/g), aquatic invertebrates at five sites (>3 ??g/g), and fish at seven sites (>4 ??g/g in whole body). The hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested low hazard at Sheep Creek, moderate hazard at Trail Creek, upper Slug Creek, lower Slug Creek, and lower Blackfoot River, and high hazard at Angus Creek, upper East Mill Creek, lower East Mill Creek, and Dry Valley Creek. The results of this study are consistent with results of a previous investigation and indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeastern Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in the Blackfoot River watershed. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 2004, Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 159, no. 1, p. 3-34, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76.","startPage":"3","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76"},{"id":234131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf7e4b08c986b3181e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026534,"text":"70026534 - 2004 - Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026534","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases","docAbstract":"We use an inversion method based on stopping phases (Imanishi and Takeo, 2002) to estimate the source dimension, ellipticity, and rupture velocity of microearthquakes and investigate the scaling relationships between source parameters. We studied 25 earthquakes, ranging in size from M 1.3 to M 2.7, that occurred between May and August 1999 at the western Nagano prefecture, Japan, which is characterized by a high rate of shallow earthquakes. The data consist of seismograms recorded in an 800-m borehole and at 46 surface and 2 shallow borehole seismic stations whose spacing is a few kilometers. These data were recorded with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz. In particular, the 800-m-borehole data provide a wide frequency bandwidth with greatly reduced ground noise and coda wave amplitudes compared with surface recordings. High-frequency stopping phases appear in the body waves in Hilbert transform pairs and are readily detected on seismograms recorded in the 800-m borehole. After correcting both borehole and surface data for attenuation, we also measure the rise time, which is defined as the interval from the arrival time of the direct wave to the timing of the maximum amplitude in the displacement pulse. The differential time of the stopping phases and the rise times were used to obtain source parameters. We found that several microearthquakes propagated unilaterally, suggesting that all microearthquakes cannot be modeled as a simple circular crack model. Static stress drops range from approximately 0.1 to 2 MPa and do not vary with seismic moment. It seems that the breakdown in stress drop scaling seen in previous studies using surface data is simply an artifact of attenuation in the crust. The average value of rupture velocity does not depend on earthquake size and is similar to those reported for moderate and large earthquakes. It is likely that earthquakes are self-similar over a wide range of earthquake size and that the dynamics of small and large earthquakes are similar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003085","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Imanishi, K., Takeo, M., Ellsworth, W., Ito, H., Matsuzawa, T., Kuwahara, Y., Iio, Y., Horiuchi, S., and Ohmi, S., 2004, Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1762-1780, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003085.","startPage":"1762","endPage":"1780","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003085"},{"id":234054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9335e4b08c986b31a374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imanishi, K.","contributorId":51956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imanishi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takeo, M.","contributorId":72985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ito, H.","contributorId":15800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matsuzawa, T.","contributorId":11804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuzawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuwahara, Y.","contributorId":63582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwahara","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iio, Y.","contributorId":56423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iio","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Horiuchi, S.","contributorId":46272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horiuchi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ohmi, S.","contributorId":57630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohmi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026531,"text":"70026531 - 2004 - Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026531","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources","docAbstract":"Pb and Sr isotope data were obtained on the shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag Red Dog deposits (Qanaiyaq, Main, Aqqaluk, and Paalaaq), other shale-hosted deposits near Red Dog, and Zn-Pb-Ag sulfide and barite deposits in the western and central Brooks Range. The Red Dog deposits and other shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits near Red Dog are hosted in the Mississippian Kuna Formation, which is underlain by a sequence of marine-deltaic clastic rocks of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Endicott Group. Ag-Pb-Zn vein-breccias are found in the Endicott Group. Galena formed during the main mineralization stages in the Red Dog deposits and from the Anarraaq and Wulik deposits have overlapping Pb isotope compositions in the range 206Pb/204Pb = 18.364 to 18.428, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.553 to 15.621, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.083 to 38.323. Galena and sphalerite formed during the main ore-forming stages in the Red Dog deposits define a narrow field on standard uranogenic and thorogenic Pb isotope diagrams. Lead in sulfides of the Red Dog district is less radiogenic (238U/204Pb: ?? = 9.51-9.77) than is indicated by the average crustal lead evolution model (?? = 9.74), a difference consistent with a long history of evolution at low ratios of ?? before the Carboniferous. The homogeneous regional isotopic reservoir of Pb may indicate large-scale transport and leaching of minerals with various ?? ratios and Th/Pb ratios. Younger and genetically unrelated fluids did not significantly disturb the isotopic compositions of galena and sphalerite after the main mineralization event in the Red Dog district. Some pyrite shows evidence of minor Pb remobilization. The overall lead isotope homogeneity in the shale-hosted massive sulfide deposits is consistent with three types of control: a homogeneous regional source, mixing of lead during leaching of a thick sedimentary section and fluid transport, or mixing at the site of deposition. Isotopic variability of the hydrothermal fluids, as represented by galena in the Red Dog district, appears to be consistent with a simple mixing system. Evidence indicates that galena was deposited from largely similar hydrothermal solutions throughout the Red Dog district. A shared regional isotopic reservoir is also supported by the correspondence of Pb isotope compositions of galena in deposits of the Red Dog district and galena in clastic rocks (vein-breccias). Leaching of metals and progressive extraction of radiogenic lead from the clastic rocks in the Endicott Group may account for the trend of increasing 206Pb/204Pb in galena of the Red Dog district. Galena in the Red Dog deposits is unlikely to have been derived entirely from the same isotopic reservoir as that represented by the lead in the Kuna Formation or from the igneous rocks in the Red Dog district. Sr isotope data for barite, calcite, and witherite from the Red Dog deposits are compared with data from regional barite that is associated with sulfides and from barite in sulfide-poor occurrences. Fluids with heterogeneous Sr isotope signatures are indicated. Barite in the Main deposit extends to higher ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (0.709034-0.709899) than barite in the Anarraaq deposit (0.708615-0.709256). All barite is more radiogenic than Carboniferous seawater. Other Mississippian(?) shale-hosted deposits and mineral occurrences containing barite in the Red Dog district and barite in regional occurrences east of Red Dog in the western and central Brooks Range also have heterogeneous 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Carbonate (87Sr/86Sr = 0.710319-0.713637) and witherite (87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.710513) in the Main deposit are more radiogenic than barite. In contrast, carbonate (87Sr/86Sr = 0.708196-0.709740) intergrown with massive sulfides at Anarraaq has isotopic compositions similar to that of barite. Paragenetic and isotop ic studies suggest that early barite is similar to barite typically formed in cold seeps along continental margins. This early fine-grained barite formed before the main mineralizat","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1533","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Kelley, K., Leach, D.L., Young, L.E., Slack, J.F., Wandless, G., Lyon, A., and Dillingham, J., 2004, Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1533-1553, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1533.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1553","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1533"},{"id":234020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70fde4b0c8380cd763b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, L. E.","contributorId":105288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wandless, G.","contributorId":96459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyon, A.M.","contributorId":73787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dillingham, J.L.","contributorId":105486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillingham","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026529,"text":"70026529 - 2004 - Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2207,"text":"Journal of Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening","docAbstract":"The first-order phase separation in a thin fluid film was simulated using a two-dimensional lattice-Boltzman model (LBM) with fluid-fluid interactions. The effects of the domain size on the intermediate asymptotic island size distribution were also discussed. It was observed that the overall process is dominated by coalescence which is independent of island mass. The results show that the combined effects of growth, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening control the phase transition process in the LBM simulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.1804158","issn":"00219606","usgsCitation":"Basagaoglu, H., Green, C., Meakin, P., and McCoy, B., 2004, Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening: Journal of Chemical Physics, v. 121, no. 16, p. 7987-7995, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1804158.","startPage":"7987","endPage":"7995","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1804158"},{"id":233981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4589e4b0c8380cd673db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basagaoglu, H.","contributorId":59211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basagaoglu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, C.T.","contributorId":73785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meakin, P.","contributorId":7055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meakin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, B.J.","contributorId":61216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026526,"text":"70026526 - 2004 - Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026526","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams","docAbstract":"1. We determined the effects of nutrient enrichment on wood decomposition rates and microbial activity during a 3-year study in two headwater streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, NC, U.S.A. After a 1-year pretreatment period, one of the streams was continuously enriched with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) for 2 years while the other stream served as a reference. We determined the effects of enrichment on both wood veneers and sticks, which have similar carbon quality but differ in physical characteristics (e.g. surface area to volume ratios, presence of bark) that potentially affect microbial colonisation and activity. 2. Oak wood veneers (0.5 mm thick) were placed in streams monthly and allowed to decompose for approximately 90 days. Nutrient addition stimulated ash-free dry mass loss and increased mean nitrogen content, fungal biomass and microbial respiration on veneers in the treatment stream compared with the reference. The magnitude of the response to enrichment was great, with mass loss 6.1 times, and per cent N, fungal biomass and microbial respiration approximately four times greater in the treatment versus reference stream. 3. Decomposition rate and nitrogen content of maple sticks (ca. 1-2 cm diameter) also increased; however, the effect was less pronounced than for veneers. Wood response overall was greater than that determined for leaves in a comparable study, supporting the hypothesis that response to enrichment may be greater for lower quality organic matter (high C:N) than for higher quality (low C:N) substrates. 4. Our results show that moderate nutrient enrichment can profoundly affect decomposition rate and microbial activity on wood in streams. Thus, the timing and availability of wood that provides retention, structure, attachment sites and food in stream ecosystems may be affected by nutrient concentrations raised by human activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Gulis, V., Rosemond, A., Suberkropp, K., Weyers, H., and Benstead, J., 2004, Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 11, p. 1437-1447, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1447","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x"}],"volume":"49","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a076ee4b0c8380cd516c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulis, V.","contributorId":94071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulis","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosemond, A.D.","contributorId":96621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemond","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suberkropp, K.","contributorId":10203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suberkropp","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weyers, H.S.","contributorId":8592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benstead, J.P.","contributorId":107892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benstead","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026525,"text":"70026525 - 2004 - Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026525","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions","docAbstract":"Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. 18O/ 16O and 2H/1H ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M., Haas, N., and Hunt, R.J., 2004, Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 10, p. 5937-5946, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004.","startPage":"5937","endPage":"5946","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487449,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/522136","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc37be4b08c986b32b1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, N.L.","contributorId":33496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026523,"text":"70026523 - 2004 - Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:04:34","indexId":"70026523","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal changes in reservoir conditions such as productivity, light, and temperature create spatiotemporal variation in habitat that may segregate or aggregate predators and prey, producing implications for the distribution, growth, and survival of fishes. We used hydroacoustics to document the diel vertical distribution of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka relative to environmental gradients at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, during May-August of 2002. Temperature, light, and zooplankton density profiles were examined relative to foraging conditions for kokanee and their primary predator, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Age-0 kokanee displayed large diel vertical migrations in May despite the lack of an energetic advantage before reservoir stratification. Age-0 kokanee minimized near-surface foraging at this time, perhaps to avoid predation by visual predators, such as lake trout, in the well-lit surface waters. Strong reservoir stratification in midsummer appeared to provide a thermal refuge from lake trout that the kokanee exploited. By August vertical migrations were shallow and most kokanee remained in the epilimnion throughout the day. Although the energetic implications of the late-summer strategy are unclear, it appears that kokanee were responding to changes in their predator environment. A robust model for kokanee diel vertical migration across a range of systems should include a predator avoidance component.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T03-1234.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J., Johnson, B., and Martinez, P., 2004, Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 6, p. 1366-1378, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-1234.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1378","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.09918975830078,\n              38.48826334067771\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.14347839355469,\n              38.47348162207647\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17987060546874,\n              38.483157271516305\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2433853149414,\n              38.485307239467645\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27153778076172,\n              38.486382199392224\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27188110351562,\n              38.50787803050539\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.30175018310547,\n              38.52909886869797\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33642578124999,\n              38.50142995467628\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33711242675781,\n              38.45573955865588\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3038101196289,\n              38.43288350196883\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.28355407714844,\n              38.46246055072804\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.22209930419922,\n              38.45735265386234\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.16064453125,\n              38.45385756866227\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.08030700683594,\n              38.46864331036054\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.04906463623047,\n              38.48154475346391\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0365e4b0c8380cd50489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, J.M.","contributorId":46274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B. 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