{"pageNumber":"1073","pageRowStart":"26800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70026505,"text":"70026505 - 2004 - Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:18:38","indexId":"70026505","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples from short-screen monitoring wells installed along a 90-km transect in southwestern Kansas were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, isotopes (H, B, C, N, O, S, Sr), and dissolved gases (He, Ne, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, Ar, O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) to evaluate the geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions in the unconfined central High Plains aquifer. The primary reactions controlling water chemistry were dedolomitization, cation exchange, feldspar weathering, and O</span><sub>2</sub><span> reduction and denitrification. Radiocarbon ages adjusted for C mass transfers ranged from &lt;2.6 ka (</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) B.P. near the water table to 12.8&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.9 ka (</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) B.P. at the base of the aquifer, indicating the unconfined central High Plains aquifer contained a stratified sequence of ground water spanning Holocene time. A cross-sectional model of steady-state ground-water flow, calibrated using radiocarbon ages, is consistent with recharge rates ranging from 0.8 mm/a in areas overlain by loess to 8 mm/a in areas overlain by dune sand. Paleorecharge temperatures ranged from an average of 15.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7 °C for the most recently recharged waters to 11.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.4 °C for the oldest waters. The temperature difference between Early and Late Holocene recharge was estimated to be 2.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7 °C, after taking into account variable recharge elevations. Nitrogen isotope data indicate NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in paleorecharge (average concentration=193 μM) was derived from a relatively uniform source such as soil N, whereas NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in recent recharge (average concentration=885 μM) contained N from varying proportions of fertilizer, manure, and soil N. Deep water samples contained components of N</span><sub>2</sub><span> derived from atmospheric, denitrification, and deep natural gas sources. Denitrification rates in the aquifer were slow (5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2×&nbsp;10</span><sup>−3</sup><span> μmol N&nbsp;L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;a</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), indicating this process would require &gt;10 ka to reduce the average NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> concentration in recent recharge to the Holocene background concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Christenson, S.C., 2004, Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 1655-1686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1655","endPage":"1686","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172de4b0c8380cd553f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026500,"text":"70026500 - 2004 - Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026500","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of dryland surfaces to wind erosion depends importantly on the absence or the presence and character of surface roughness elements, such as plants, clasts, and topographic irregularities that diminish wind speed near the surface. A model for the friction velocity ratio has been developed to account for wind sheltering by many different types of co-existing roughness elements. Such conditions typify a monitored area in the central Mojave Desert, California, that experiences frequent sand movement and dust emission. Two additional models are used to convert the friction velocity ratio to the surface roughness length (zo) for momentum. To calculate roughness lengths from these models, measurements were made at 11 sites within the monitored area to characterize the surface roughness element. Measurements included (1) the number of roughness species (e.g., plants, small-scale topography, clasts), and their associated heights and widths, (2) spacing among species, and (3) vegetation porosity (a measurement of the spatial distribution of woody elements of a plant). Documented or estimated values of drag coefficients for different species were included in the modeling. At these sites, wind-speed profiles were measured during periods of neutral atmospheric stability using three 9-m towers with three or four calibrated anemometers on each. Modeled roughness lengths show a close correspondence (correlation coefficient, 0.84-0.86) to the aerodynamically determined values at the field sites. The geometric properties of the roughness elements in the model are amenable to measurement at much higher temporal and spatial resolutions using remote-sensing techniques than can be accomplished through laborious ground-based methods. A remote-sensing approach to acquire values of the modeled roughness length is particularly important for the development of linked surface/atmosphere wind-erosion models sensitive to climate variability and land-use changes in areas such as the southwestern United States, where surface roughness has large spatial and temporal variations. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"MacKinnon, D.J., Clow, G., Tigges, R., Reynolds, R.L., and Chavez, P., 2004, Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA: Geomorphology, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 103-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009"},{"id":234090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84de4b0c8380cd4cfe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tigges, R. K.","contributorId":74769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tigges","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026499,"text":"70026499 - 2004 - Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:36:38.736359","indexId":"70026499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","docAbstract":"Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution of hydraulic head, salinity, and flow in the transition zone between fresh water and salt water in a coastal aquifer system. When estimating dispersivity, the following conclusions can be drawn about the data types and locations considered. (1) The \"toe\" of the transition zone is the most effective location for hydraulic head and salinity observations. (2) Areas near the coastline where submarine ground water discharge occurs are the most effective locations for flow observations. (3) Salinity observations are more effective than hydraulic head observations. (4) The importance of flow observations aligned perpendicular to the shoreline varies dramatically depending on distance seaward from the shoreline. Extreme parameter correlation can prohibit unique estimation of permeability parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and flow parameters such as recharge in a density-dependent ground water flow model when using hydraulic head and salinity observations. Adding flow observations perpendicular to the shoreline in areas where ground water is exchanged with the ocean body can reduce the correlation, potentially resulting in unique estimates of these parameter values. Results are expected to be directly applicable to many complex situations, and have implications for model development whether or not formal optimization methods are used in model calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., 2004, Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 6, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3949e4b0c8380cd6188a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026496,"text":"70026496 - 2004 - Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026496","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about the steady increase in nitrate concentrations over the past several decades in many of Florida's first magnitude spring waters (discharge ???2.8 m3/s), multiple isotopic and other chemical tracers were analyzed in water samples from 12 large springs to assess sources and timescales of nitrate contamination. Nitrate-N concentrations in spring waters ranged from 0.50 to 4.2 mg/L, and ??15N values of nitrate in spring waters ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 per mil. Most ??15N values were below 6 per mil indicating that inorganic fertilizers were the dominant source of nitrogen in these waters. Apparent ages of groundwater discharging from springs ranged from 5 to about 35 years, based on multi-tracer analyses (CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H/3He) and a piston flow assumption; however, apparent tracer ages generally were not concordant. The most reliable spring-water ages appear to be based on tritium and 3He data, because concentrations of CFCs and SF6 in several spring waters were much higher than would be expected from equilibration with modern atmospheric concentrations. Data for all tracers were most consistent with output curves for exponential and binary mixing models that represent mixtures of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer recharged since the early 1960s. Given that groundwater transit times are on the order of decades and are related to the prolonged input of nitrogen from multiple sources to the aquifer, nitrate could persist in groundwater that flows toward springs for several decades due to slow transport of solutes through the aquifer matrix.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., 2004, Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida: Environmental Geology, v. 46, no. 6-7, p. 689-706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9.","startPage":"689","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9"},{"id":234018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9383e4b08c986b31a51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026491,"text":"70026491 - 2004 - Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026491","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling","docAbstract":"The hydrological model TOPMODEL is used to assess the water balance and describe flow paths for the 9??73 ha Lutz Creek Catchment in Central Panama. Monte Carlo results are evaluated based on their fit to the observed hydrograph, catchment-averaged soil moisture and stream chemistry. TOPMODEL, with a direct-flow mechanism that is intended to route water through rapid shallow-soil flow, matched observed chemistry and discharge better than the basic version of TOPMODEL and provided a reasonable fit to observed soil moisture and wet-season discharge at both 15-min and daily time-steps. The improvement of simulations with the implementation of a direct-flow component indicates that a storm flow path not represented in the original version of TOPMODEL plays a primary role in the response of Lutz Creek Catchment. This flow path may be consistent with the active and abundant pipeflow that is observed or delayed saturation overland flow. The 'best-accepted' simulations from 1991 to 1997 indicate that around 41% of precipitation becomes direct flow and around 10% is saturation overland flow. Other field observations are needed to constrain evaporative and groundwater losses in the model and to characterize chemical end-members posited in this paper. Published in 2004 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1498","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Kinner, D., and Stallard, R., 2004, Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 15, p. 2851-2875, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1498.","startPage":"2851","endPage":"2875","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1498"}],"volume":"18","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385ae4b0c8380cd61538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026489,"text":"70026489 - 2004 - PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T16:44:58","indexId":"70026489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","docAbstract":"<p>We examined whether brain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was involved in the abnormal cortisol response to stress seen in anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish treated with Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass) were maintained for 5 mo without feeding in the winter to mimic their seasonal fasting cycle, whereas a fed group with 0 and 100 mg/kg Aroclor was maintained for comparison. Fasting elevated plasma cortisol levels and brain GR content but depressed heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and interrenal cortisol production capacity. Exposure of fasted fish to Aroclor 1254 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in brain total PCB content. This accumulation in fish with high PCB dose was threefold higher in fasted fish compared with fed fish. PCBs depressed plasma cortisol levels but did not affect in vitro interrenal cortisol production capacity in fasted charr. At high PCB dose, the brain GR content was significantly lower in the fasted fish and this corresponded with a lower brain hsp70 and hsp90 content. The elevation of plasma cortisol levels and upregulation of brain GR content may be an important adaptation to extended fasting in anadromous Arctic charr, and this response was disrupted by PCBs. Taken together, the hypothalamus-pituitary- interrenal axis is a target for PCB impact during winter emaciation in anadromous Arctic charr.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004","issn":"03636119","usgsCitation":"Aluru, N., Jorgensen, E., Maule, A., and Vijayan, M., 2004, PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 287, no. 4, p. R787-R793, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"R787","endPage":"R793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004"}],"volume":"287","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7332e4b0c8380cd76f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, E.H.","contributorId":13782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vijayan, M.M.","contributorId":33087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026487,"text":"70026487 - 2004 - Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T16:38:21.348294","indexId":"70026487","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stepped-combustion <sup>14</sup>C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","title":"Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, we applied a stepped-combustion approach to dating post-bomb lake sediment from north-central Mississippi. Samples were combusted at a low temperature (400 °) and then at 900 °. The CO</span><span class=\"sub\">2</span><span>&nbsp;was collected separately for both combustions and analyzed. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology to improve the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating of sediment by combusting at a lower temperature and reducing the amount of reworked carbon bound to clay minerals in the sample material. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C fraction modern results for the low and high temperature fractions of these sediments were compared with well-defined&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">137</span><span>Cs determinations made on sediment taken from the same cores. Comparison of “bomb curves” for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">137</span><span>Cs indicate that low temperature combustion of sediment improved the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating of the sediment. However, fraction modern results for the low temperature fractions were depressed compared to atmospheric values for the same time frame, possibly the result of carbon mixing and the low sedimentation rate in the lake system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200035931","usgsCitation":"McGeehin, J., Burr, G.S., Hodgins, G., Bennett, S.J., Robbins, J.A., Morehead, N., and Markewich, H., 2004, Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment: Radiocarbon, v. 46, no. 2, p. 893-900, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200035931.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"900","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035931","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b982ee4b08c986b31be9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burr, G. S.","contributorId":60414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burr","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgins, G.","contributorId":83714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgins","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, S. J.","contributorId":61996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, J. A.","contributorId":41843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morehead, N.","contributorId":75311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morehead","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markewich, H.","contributorId":20950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026471,"text":"70026471 - 2004 - Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026471","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","docAbstract":"Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual (June-June) precipitation spanning 1260-1998 A.D. The reconstruction exhibits considerable nonstationarity, and the instrumental era (post-1900) in particular fails to capture the full range of precipitation variability experienced in the past ???750 years. Both single-year and decadal-scale dry events were more severe before 1900. Dry spells in the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries surpass both magnitude and duration of any droughts in the Bighorn Basin after 1900. Precipitation variability appears to shift to a higher-frequency mode after 1750, with 15-20-yr droughts becoming rare. Comparisons between instrumental and reconstructed values of precipitation and indices of Pacific basin variability reveal that precipitation in the Bighorn Basin generally responds to Pacific forcing in a manner similar to that of the southwestern United States (drier during La Nin??a events), but high country precipitation in areas surrounding the basin displays the opposite response (drier during El Nin??o events). ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Fastie, C., Jackson, S., and Betancourt, J., 2004, Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 19, p. 3855-3865, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3865","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:tropit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a6e4b08c986b3273db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fastie, C.L.","contributorId":66034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fastie","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026463,"text":"70026463 - 2004 - Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026463","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1312,"text":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","docAbstract":"A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package has been coupled with the dynamic process simulator of an adsorption storage tank for methane fuelled vehicles. The two solvers run as independent processes and handle non-overlapping portions of the computational domain. The codes exchange data on the boundary interface of the two domains to ensure continuity of the solution and of its gradient. A software interface was developed to dynamically suspend and activate each process as necessary, and be responsible for data exchange and process synchronization. This hybrid computational tool has been successfully employed to accurately simulate the discharge of a new tank design and evaluate its performance. The case study presented here shows that CFD and process simulation are highly complementary computational tools, and that there are clear benefits to be gained from a close integration of the two. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004","issn":"00981354","usgsCitation":"Mota, J., Esteves, I., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 2004, Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation: Computers and Chemical Engineering, v. 28, no. 11, p. 2421-2431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004.","startPage":"2421","endPage":"2431","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004"},{"id":234127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0427e4b0c8380cd50806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mota, J.P.B.","contributorId":18937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mota","given":"J.P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esteves, I.A.A.C.","contributorId":75728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteves","given":"I.A.A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026462,"text":"70026462 - 2004 - A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026462","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838","docAbstract":"Understanding of the behavior of plate boundary zones has progressed to the point where reasonably comprehensive physical models can predict their evolution. The San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR) is dominated by a few major faults whose behavior over about one earthquake cycle is fairly well understood. By combining the past history of large ruptures on SFBR faults with a recently proposed physical model of strain accumulation in the SFBR, we derive the evolution of regional stress from 1838 until the present. This effort depends on (1) an existing compilation of the source properties of historic and contemporary SFBR earthquakes based on documented shaking, geodetic data, and seismic data (Bakun, 1999) and (2) a few key parameters of a simple regional viscoelastic coupling model constrained by recent GPS data (Pollitz and Nyst, 2004). Although uncertainties abound in the location, magnitude, and fault geometries of historic ruptures and the physical model relies on gross simplifications, the resulting stress evolution model is sufficiently detailed to provide a useful window into the past stress history. In the framework of Coulomb failure stress, we find that virtually all M ??? 5.8 earthquakes prior to 1906 and M ??? 5.5 earthquakes after 1906 are consistent with stress triggering from previous earthquakes. These events systematically lie in zones of predicted stress concentration elevated 5-10 bars above the regional average. The SFBR is predicted to have emerged from the 1906 \"shadow\" in about 1980, consistent with the acceleration in regional seismicity at that time. The stress evolution model may be a reliable indicator of the most likely areas to experience M ??? 5.5 shocks in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003003","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Bakun, W.H., and Nyst, M., 2004, A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003003.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003003"},{"id":234088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d8e4b0c8380cd46987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026461,"text":"70026461 - 2004 - Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:16:55.013639","indexId":"70026461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","docAbstract":"<p>Iraq is one of the world's most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq's petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq's proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq. Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq's reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO. Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/geoarabia090351","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., Ahlbrandt, T., and Al-Gailani, M., 2004, Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications: GeoArabia, v. 9, no. 3, p. 51-74, https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70026455,"text":"70026455 - 2004 - Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:07:51","indexId":"70026455","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","docAbstract":"We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and geological data, and monitoring observations. The main steps in the procedure are (1) to estimate an a priori probability distribution based upon theoretical knowledge, (2) to modify that using past data, and (3) to modify it further using current monitoring data. The scheme allows epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties to be dealt with in a formal way, through estimation of probability distributions at each node of the event tree. We then describe an application of the method to the case of Mount Vesuvius. Although the primary intent of the example is to illustrate the methodology, one result of this application merits special mention. The present emergency response plan for Mount Vesuvius is referenced to a maximum expected event (MEE), the largest out of all the possible eruptions within the next few decades. Our calculation suggest that there is a nonnegligible (1-20%) chance that the next eruption could be larger than that stipulated in the present MEE. The methodology allows all assumptions and thresholds to be clearly identified and provides a rational means for their revision if new data or information are obtained. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003155","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Marzocchi, W., Sandri, L., Gasparini, P., Newhall, C., and Boschi, E., 2004, Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155"},{"id":233941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Vesuvius","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d8e4b0c8380cd804cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":29156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandri, L.","contributorId":95658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandri","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasparini, P.","contributorId":35881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boschi, Enzo","contributorId":15375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boschi","given":"Enzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026450,"text":"70026450 - 2004 - Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026450","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","docAbstract":"Volatilization rates of neat liquids (benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) and of solutes (phenol, m-cresol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and ethylene dibromide) from dilute water solutions have been measured in the laboratory over a wide range of air speeds and water-stirring rates. The overall transfer coefficients (KL) for individual solutes are independent of whether they are in single- or multi-solute solutions. The gas-film transfer coefficients (kG) for solutes in the two-film model, which have hitherto been estimated by extrapolation from reference coefficients, can now be determined directly from the volatilization rates of neatliquids through anew algorithm. The associated liquid-film transfer coefficients (KL) can then be obtained from measured KL and kG values and solute Henry law constants (H). This approach provides a novel means for checking the precision of any kL and kG estimation methods for ultimate prediction of KL. The improved kG estimation enables accurate K L predictions for low-volatility (i.e., low-H) solutes where K L and kGH are essentially equal. In addition, the prediction of KL values for high-volatility (i.e., high-H) solutes, where KL ??? kL, is also improved by using appropriate reference kL values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0353964","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Chao, H., Chiou, C.T., and Manes, M., 2004, Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 16, p. 4327-4333, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0353964.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4333","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0353964"},{"id":234442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f2e4b08c986b327b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-F.","contributorId":22910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, H.-P.","contributorId":22945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"H.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026446,"text":"70026446 - 2004 - Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:23:40","indexId":"70026446","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","docAbstract":"<p>The food security problem in Africa is tied to the small farmer, whose subsistence farming relies heavily on rain-fed agriculture. A dry spell lasting two to three weeks can cause a significant yield reduction. A small-scale irrigation scheme from small-capacity ponds can alleviate this problem. This solution would require a water harvest mechanism at a farm level. In this study, we looked at the feasibility of implementing such a water harvest mechanism in drought prone parts of Africa. A water balance study was conducted at different watershed levels. Runoff (watershed yield) was estimated using the SCS curve number technique and satellite derived rainfall estimates (RFE). Watersheds were delineated from the Africa-wide HYDRO-1K digital elevation model (DEM) data set in a GIS environment. Annual runoff volumes that can potentially be stored in a pond during storm events were estimated as the product of the watershed area and runoff excess estimated from the SCS Curve Number method. Estimates were made for seepage and net evaporation losses. A series of water harvest index maps were developed based on a combination of factors that took into account the availability of runoff, evaporation losses, population density, and the required watershed size needed to fill a small storage reservoir that can be used to alleviate water stress during a crop growing season. This study presents Africa-wide water-harvest index maps that could be used for conducting feasibility studies at a regional scale in assessing the relative differences in runoff potential between regions for the possibility of using ponds as a water management tool. ?? 2004 American Society of Agricultural Engineers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.17725","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., and Verdin, J., 2004, Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 20, no. 6, p. 789-799, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17725.","startPage":"789","endPage":"799","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0010e4b0c8380cd4f582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026445,"text":"70026445 - 2004 - Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T15:55:25.747366","indexId":"70026445","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Adult movement and natal dispersal data demonstrate that Northern Goshawks (<i>Accipiter gentilis</i>) are able to travel over long distances, suggesting a large functional population. However, these data are unable to determine whether these movements contribute to gene flow among adjacent breeding areas. We used eight microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence data to assess population structure of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah. Goshawks had moderate levels of genetic variation at microsatellite loci (observed heterozygosity = 50%), similar to levels found in other medium-sized, highly mobile birds. Overall estimates of interpopulation variance in microsatellite alleles (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 0.011</span>) and mtDNA haplotypes (<span>Φ</span><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.126</span>) were low and not significantly different from zero. Pairwise population comparisons using microsatellite markers revealed no differentiation among sampled sites, indicating that the functional population extends beyond Utah. However, pairwise population analyses of mtDNA uncovered a single case of differentiation between goshawks inhabiting Ashley National Forest, in northeastern Utah, and Dixie National Forest, in southwestern Utah. Low levels of population structuring observed in mtDNA between the two forests may be due to the smaller effective population size sampled by mtDNA, a cline of haplotypes across the West, or the presence of a contact zone between <i>A. g. atricapillus</i> and goshawks of southern Arizona and the Mexican Plateau.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1650/7448","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Talbot, S.L., and White, C., 2004, Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 826-836, https://doi.org/10.1650/7448.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"836","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0283203125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f9e4b0c8380cd54c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.M.","contributorId":97459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026443,"text":"70026443 - 2004 - Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026443","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","docAbstract":"A two-threshold model was proposed for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches. It was found that the sizes of the largest avalanches just preceding the lattice system were power-law distributed. The proposed model reproduced the range of power-law exponents observe for land, rock or snow avalanches, by tuning the maximum value of the ratio of the two failure thresholds. A two-threshold 2D cellular automation was introduced to study the scaling for gravity-driven systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001","issn":"00319007","usgsCitation":"Faillettaz, J., Louchet, F., and Grasso, J., 2004, Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches: Physical Review Letters, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478208,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001"},{"id":234371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a4e4b08c986b327cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faillettaz, J.","contributorId":58817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faillettaz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Louchet, F.","contributorId":46737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louchet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grasso, J.-R.","contributorId":63999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"J.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026433,"text":"70026433 - 2004 - Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026433","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","docAbstract":"We examine the role of preexisting crustal structure within the Peninsular Ranges batholith on determining the location of the San Jacinto fault zone by analysis of geophysical anomalies and initial strontium ratio data. A 1000-km-long boundary within the Peninsular Ranges batholith, separating relatively mafic, dense, and magnetic rocks of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith from the more felsic, less dense, and weakly magnetic rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith, strikes north-northwest toward the San Jacinto fault zone. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic field anomalies caused by this boundary indicates that it extends to depths of at least 20 km. The anomalies do not cross the San Jacinto fault zone, but instead trend northwesterly and coincide with the fault zone. A 75-km-long gradient in initial strontium ratios (Sri) in the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith coincides with the San Jacinto fault zone. Here rocks east of the fault are characterized by Sri greater than 0.706, indicating a source of largely continental crust, sedimentary materials, or different lithosphere. We argue that the physical property contrast produced by the Peninsular Ranges batholith boundary provided a mechanically favorable path for the San Jacinto fault zone, bypassing the San Gorgonio structural knot as slip was transferred from the San Andreas fault 1.0-1.5 Ma. Two historical M6.7 earthquakes may have nucleated along the Peninsular Ranges batholith discontinuity in San Jacinto Valley, suggesting that Peninsular Ranges batholith crustal structure may continue to affect how strain is accommodated along the San Jacinto fault zone. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25277.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Matti, J.C., 2004, Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 9-10, p. 1143-1157, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1"},{"id":234230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2801e4b0c8380cd59d4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026432,"text":"70026432 - 2004 - Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:03:13","indexId":"70026432","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","docAbstract":"Profiles of <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + <240</sup>Pu from sediment cores collected throughout Massachusetts Bay (water depths of 36-192 m) are interpreted with the aid of a numerical sediment-mixing model to infer bioturbation depths, rates and processes. The nuclide data suggest extensive bioturbation to depths of 25-35 cm. Roughly half the cores have <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + 240</sup>Pu profiles that decrease monotonically from the surface and are consistent with biodiffusive mixing. Bioturbation rates are reasonably well constrained by these profiles and vary from ~0.7 to ~40 cm<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. As a result of this extensive reworking, however, sediment ages cannot be accurately determined from these radionuclides and only upper limits on sedimentation rates (of ~0.3 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>) can be inferred. The other half of the radionuclide profiles are characterized by subsurface maxima in each nuclide, which cannot be reproduced by biodiffusive mixing models. A numerical model is used to demonstrate that mixing caused by organisms that feed at the sediment surface and defecate below the surface can cause the subsurface maxima, as suggested by previous work. The deep penetration depths of excess <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + 240</sup>Pu suggest either that the organisms release material over a range of >15 cm depth or that biodiffusive mixing mediated by other organisms is occurring at depth. Additional constraints from surficial sediment <sup>234</sup>Th data suggest that in this half of the cores, the vast majority of the present-day flux of recent, nuclide-bearing material to these core sites is transported over a timescale of a month or more to a depth of a few centimeters below the sediment surface. As a consequence of the complex mixing processes, surface sediments include material spanning a range of ages and will not accurately record recent changes in contaminant deposition.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Bothner, M., and Sommerfield, C.K., 2004, Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 61, no. 4, p. 643-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"655","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.864609,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.273564 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a5e4b0c8380cd4ad6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sommerfield, Christopher K.","contributorId":9820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026429,"text":"70026429 - 2004 - Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026429","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","docAbstract":"During the rainstorm of June 27, 1995, roughly 330-750 mm of rain fell within a 16-hour period, initiating floods and over 600 debris flows in a small area (130 km2) of Madison County, VA. We developed a distributed version of Iverson's transient response model for regional slope stability analysis for the Madison County debris flows. This version of the model evaluates pore-pressure head response and factor of safety on a regional scale in areas prone to rainfall-induced shallow (<2-3 m) landslides. These calculations used soil properties of shear strength and hydraulic conductivity from laboratory measurements of soil samples collected from field sites where debris flows initiated. Rainfall data collected by radar every 6 minutes provided a basis for calculating the temporal variation of slope stability during the storm. The results demonstrate that the spatial and temporal variation of the factor of safety correlates with the movement of the storm cell. When the rainstorm was treated as two separate rainfall events and a larger hydraulic conductivity and friction angle than the laboratory values were used, the timing and location of landslides predicted by the model were in closer agreement with eyewitness observations of debris flows. Application of spatially variable initial pre-storm water table depth and soil properties may improve both the spatial and temporal prediction of instability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/10.4.285","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Wieczorek, G.F., and Morgan, B., 2004, Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 10, no. 4, p. 285-296, https://doi.org/10.2113/10.4.285.","startPage":"285","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/10.4.285"},{"id":234162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb700e4b08c986b326fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026428,"text":"70026428 - 2004 - Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026428","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay","docAbstract":"This study used telemetry to determine spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus. We attached combined acoustic and radio transmitters to 12 gravid female horseshoe crabs at Ted Harvey Beach and 12 at North Bowers Beach (both on the western shore of Delaware Bay) over a 5-d period before peak spawning on the new moon. Horseshoe crabs were acoustically tracked and radio-tracked daily for 8 d during both high tides and during the incoming dominant (higher) high tide. All horseshoe crabs were relocated at least once, and 83% of females spawned from two to six times (x?? = 3.35, SE = 0.18). Of these females, 85% spawned on two to five consecutive nights (x?? = 3.31, SE = 0.59). Most (95%) females spawned on the beaches where they were initially tagged. Typically, the shoreline used by an individual for spawning ranged from 70 to 1,160 m (x?? = 351 m, SE = 38 m). Between spawning events, horseshoe crabs remained 50-715 m offshore (x?? = 299 m, SE = 57 m) from their established spawning beaches. Following the new moon, all but one (96%) moved out of range of our survey area, which extended approximately 1 km from the shoreline. Multistate mark-recapture models were used to estimate recapture probabilities and daily probabilities of spawning and departure from the vicinity of the spawning beaches. The probability of recapture by acoustic telemetry was high and estimated to be 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.99). Horseshoe crabs equipped with acoustic and radio transmitters have high rates of recapture, can be tracked continually, and can be relocated in both foreshore and inshore habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Brousseau, L.J., Sclafani, M., Smith, D., and Carter, D.B., 2004, Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1376-1384, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1376","endPage":"1384","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a2e4b0c8380cd47550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brousseau, L. J.","contributorId":24534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brousseau","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sclafani, M.","contributorId":73381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sclafani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Daniel B.","contributorId":18880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026422,"text":"70026422 - 2004 - Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:29:17.930274","indexId":"70026422","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"We perform inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the M 7.9 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake to shed light on the rupture process and dynamics of this event, which took place on a geometrically complex fault system in central Alaska. We use a combination of local seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) data for our kinematic inversion and find that the slip distribution of this event is characterized by three major asperities on the Denali fault. The rupture nucleated on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, and after a pause, propagated onto the strike-slip Denali fault. Approximately 216 km to the east, the rupture abandoned the Denali fault in favor of the more southwesterly directed Totschunda fault. Three-dimensional dynamic models of this event indicate that the abandonment of the Denali fault for the Totschunda fault can be explained by the Totschunda fault's more favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field. However, a uniform tectonic stress field cannot explain the complex slip pattern in this event. We also find that our dynamic models predict discontinuous rupture from the Denali to Totschunda fault segments. Such discontinuous rupture helps to qualitatively improve our kinematic inverse models. Two principal implications of our study are (1) a combination of inverse and forward modeling can bring insight into earthquake processes that are not possible with either technique alone, and (2) the stress field on geometrically complex fault systems is most likely not due to a uniform tectonic stress field that is resolved onto fault segments of different orientations; rather, other forms of stress heterogeneity must be invoked to explain the observed slip patterns.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040620","usgsCitation":"Oglesby, D., Dreger, D.S., Harris, R., Ratchkovski, N., and Hansen, R., 2004, Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S214-S233, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040620.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"S214","endPage":"S233","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4892578125,\n              59.265880628258095\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.228515625,\n              59.44507509904714\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.26171875,\n              63.450509218001095\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8212890625,\n              63.80189351770543\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6884765625,\n              63.6267446447533\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              63.15435519659187\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ce4b0c8380cd63c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oglesby, D. 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D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":17404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N.","contributorId":89316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026419,"text":"70026419 - 2004 - DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:42:15.509265","indexId":"70026419","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","docAbstract":"In this study we generated a relative Digital Elevation Model (DEM) over the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using ERS1/2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data. Four repeat pass differential interferograms are used to find the grounding zone and to classify the study area. An interferometrically derived DEM is compared with laser altimetry profile from ICESat. Standard deviation of the relative height difference is 5.12 m and 1.34 m in total length of the profile and at the center of the profile respectively. The magnitude and the direction of tidal changes estimated from interferogram are compared with those predicted tidal differences from four ocean tide models. Tidal deformation measured in InSAR is -16.7 cm and it agrees well within 3 cm with predicted ones from tide models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"60th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation","conferenceDate":"Jun 7-9, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Dayton, OH","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Navigation","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Kwoun, O., Bassler, M., Lu, Z., Shum, C., and Dietrich, R., 2004, DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation, Dayton, OH, Jun 7-9, 2004, p. 424-430.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ion.org/publications/browse.cfm?proceedingsID=3"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Sulzberger Ice Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd3fe4b0c8380cd4e6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassler, M.","contributorId":71736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietrich, R.","contributorId":28412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026413,"text":"70026413 - 2004 - Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026413","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1535,"text":"Environmental Engineering Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage","docAbstract":"Limestone has potential for reducing reagent costs and sludge volume associated with the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), but its use has been restricted by slow dissolution rates and sensitivity to scale forming reactions that retard transport of H+ at the solid-liquid interface. We evaluated a pulsed limestone bed (PLB) remediation process designed to circumvent these problems through use of intermittently fluidized beds of granular limestone and elevated carbon dioxide pressure. PLB limestone dissolution (LD, mg/L), and effluent alkalinity (Alk, mg/L) were correlated with reactor pressure (PCO2, kPa), influent acidity (Acy, mg/L) and reactor bed height (H, cm) using a prototype capable of processing 10 L/min. The PLB process effectively neutralized sulfuric acid acidity over the range of 6-1033 mg/L (as CaCO3) while generating high concentrations of alkalinity (36-1086 mg/L) despite a hydraulic residence time of just 4.2-5.0 min. Alk and LD (mg/L CaCO3) rose with increases in influent acidity and PCO2 (p < 0.001) according to the models: Alk = 58 + 38.4 (PCO2)0.5 + 0.080 (Acy) - 0.0059(PCO2) 0.5 (Acy); LD = 55 + 38.3 (PCO2)0.5 + 1.08 (Acy) - 0.0059 (PCO2)0.5 (Acy). Alkalinity decreased at an increasing rate with reductions in H over the range of 27.3-77.5 cm (p < 0.001). Carbon dioxide requirements (Q(avg)CO2, L/min) increased with PCO2 (p < 0.001) following the model Q(avg)CO2 = 0.858 (PCO2)0.620, resulting in a greater degree of pH buffering (depression) within the reactors, a rise in limestone solubility and an increase in limestone dissolution related to carbonic acid attack. Corresponding elevated concentrations of effluent alkalinity allow for sidestream treatment with blending. Numerical modeling demonstrated that carbon dioxide requirements are reduced as influent acidity rises and when carbon dioxide is recovered from system effluent and recycled. Field trials demonstrated that the PLB process is capable of raising the pH of AMD above that required for hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe3+ and Al 3+ but not Fe2+ and Mn2+.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Engineering Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ees.2004.21.786","issn":"10928758","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Sibrell, P., and Schwartz, M., 2004, Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage: Environmental Engineering Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 786-802, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.786.","startPage":"786","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.786"},{"id":234475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bce4b0c8380cd50f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, M.F.","contributorId":91442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026411,"text":"70026411 - 2004 - Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T17:03:56.281059","indexId":"70026411","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking","docAbstract":"Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these listed streams and rivers. Information regarding the major fecal coliform sources that impair surface water quality would enhance the development of effective watershed models and improve TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is a recently developed technology for identifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria and it may be helpful in generating improved TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking was performed, watershed models were developed, and TMDLs were prepared for three streams (Accotink Creek, Christians Creek, and Blacks Run) on Virginia's 303(d) list of impaired waters. Quality assurance of the BST work suggests that these data adequately describe the bacteria sources that are impairing these streams. Initial comparison of simulated bacterial sources with the observed BST data indicated that the fecal coliform sources were represented inaccurately in the initial model simulation. Revised model simulations (based on BST data) appeared to provide a better representation of the sources of fecal coliform bacteria in these three streams. The coupled approach of incorporating BST data into the fecal coliform transport model appears to reduce model uncertainty and should result in an improved TMDL.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01602.x","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., and Moyer, D., 2004, Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1511-1526, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01602.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1526","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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L. 0000-0001-6330-478X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":26862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026404,"text":"70026404 - 2004 - Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:51:15","indexId":"70026404","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying carbon dynamics over large areas is frequently hindered by the lack of consistent, high-quality, spatially explicit land use and land cover change databases and appropriate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a generic approach to address some of these challenges. Land cover change information in the Southeastern Plains ecoregion was derived from Landsat data acquired in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 within 11 randomly located 20-km × 20-km sample blocks. Carbon dynamics within each of the sample blocks was simulated using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), capable of assimilating the variances and covariance of major input variables into simulations using an ensemble approach. Results indicate that urban and forest areas have been increasing, whereas agricultural land has been decreasing since 1973. Forest clear-cutting activity has intensified, more than doubling from 1973 to 2000. The Southeastern Plains has been acting as a carbon sink since 1973, with an average rate of 0.89 Mg C/ha/yr. Biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), and harvested materials account for 56%, 34%, and 10% of the sink, respectively. However, the sink has declined continuously during the same period owing to forest aging in the northern part of the ecoregion and increased forest clear-cutting activities in the south. The relative contributions to the sink from SOC and harvested materials have increased, implying that these components deserve more study in the future. The methods developed here can be used to quantify the impacts of human management activities on the carbon cycle at landscape to global scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Loveland, T., and Kurtz, R., 2004, Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. S1, p. S442-S456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S442","endPage":"S456","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, R.M.","contributorId":51958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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