{"pageNumber":"1075","pageRowStart":"26850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70026549,"text":"70026549 - 2004 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026549","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan","docAbstract":"A core, drilled at San-liao-wan in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan, has been analyzed for total sulfur contents, isotopic values, as well as ratios of pyritic sulfur to organic carbon. Our results demonstrate a close relationship between late Pleistocene sea-level change and the proxies generated in this study. The inorganic sulfur contents indicate that at our study site, the Holocene transgression started at ???11 ka and remained under seawater for thousands of years until the late Holocene, corresponding to a depth of 20 m in the study core. The uppermost 20 m of core shows relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) and ??34S of inorganic sulfur, suggesting a transitional environment such as muddy lagoon or marsh, before the site turned into a modern coastal plain. In the lower part of the core, at depths of 110-145 m (corresponding ages of ???12-30 ka), low sulfur contents are recorded, probably indicating fluvial sediments deposited during the oceanic isotope stage (OIS) 2, a sea-level lowstand. The lower part of the core, roughly within OIS 3, records at least two transgressions, although the transgressional signals may be somewhat obscured by subsequent weathering. The reworked origin of organic matter reported in previous studies is confirmed by our organic sulfur data; however, the marine organic source was periodically dominant. The modern high sulfate concentrations in pore water have no correlation to the other sulfur species in the sediments, probably indicating that the sulfate migrated into the site subsequent to early diagenesis. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004","issn":"13679120","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Liu, J., Shieh, Y., and Liu, T., 2004, Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental changes as recorded in the sulfur geochemistry of coastal plain sediments, southwestern Taiwan: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 24, no. 2, p. 213-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004.","startPage":"213","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.10.004"},{"id":234343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4518e4b0c8380cd67022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Y.-G.","contributorId":66891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, J.C.-L.","contributorId":52370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shieh, Y.-N.","contributorId":21696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shieh","given":"Y.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, T.-K.","contributorId":79272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"T.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026540,"text":"70026540 - 2004 - Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026540","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","docAbstract":"Reactive solute transport simulations in groundwater require a large number of parameters to describe hydrologic and chemical reaction processes. Appropriate methods for determining chemical reaction parameters required for reactive solute transport simulations are still under investigation. This work compares U(VI) distribution coefficients (i.e. KD values) measured under field conditions with KD values calculated from a surface complexation model developed in the laboratory. Field studies were conducted in an alluvial aquifer at a former U mill tailings site near the town of Naturita, CO, USA, by suspending approximately 10 g samples of Naturita aquifer background sediments (NABS) in 17-5.1-cm diameter wells for periods of 3 to 15 months. Adsorbed U(VI) on these samples was determined by extraction with a pH 9.45 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solution. In wells where the chemical conditions in groundwater were nearly constant, adsorbed U concentrations for samples taken after 3 months of exposure to groundwater were indistinguishable from samples taken after 15 months. Measured in situ K D values calculated from the measurements of adsorbed and dissolved U(VI) ranged from 0.50 to 10.6 mL/g and the KD values decreased with increasing groundwater alkalinity, consistent with increased formation of soluble U(VI)-carbonate complexes at higher alkalinities. The in situ K D values were compared with KD values predicted from a surface complexation model (SCM) developed under laboratory conditions in a separate study. A good agreement between the predicted and measured in situ KD values was observed. The demonstration that the laboratory derived SCM can predict U(VI) adsorption in the field provides a critical independent test of a submodel used in a reactive transport model. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G., Fox, P., Kohler, M., and Davis, J., 2004, Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1643-1653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1653","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004"},{"id":234168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86be4b0c8380cd4d0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.","contributorId":59213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026538,"text":"70026538 - 2004 - Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026538","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage","docAbstract":"Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River watershed in southeastern Idaho were sampled in September 2000 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites examined. Selenium was elevated in water, sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in water at eight sites (>5 ??g/L), sediment at three sites (>2 ??g/g), aquatic plants at four sites (>4 ??g/g), aquatic invertebrates at five sites (>3 ??g/g), and fish at seven sites (>4 ??g/g in whole body). The hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested low hazard at Sheep Creek, moderate hazard at Trail Creek, upper Slug Creek, lower Slug Creek, and lower Blackfoot River, and high hazard at Angus Creek, upper East Mill Creek, lower East Mill Creek, and Dry Valley Creek. The results of this study are consistent with results of a previous investigation and indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeastern Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in the Blackfoot River watershed. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 2004, Selenium in water, sediment, plants, invertebrates, and fish in the Blackfoot River drainage: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 159, no. 1, p. 3-34, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76.","startPage":"3","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000049143.55199.76"},{"id":234131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf7e4b08c986b3181e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026534,"text":"70026534 - 2004 - Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026534","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases","docAbstract":"We use an inversion method based on stopping phases (Imanishi and Takeo, 2002) to estimate the source dimension, ellipticity, and rupture velocity of microearthquakes and investigate the scaling relationships between source parameters. We studied 25 earthquakes, ranging in size from M 1.3 to M 2.7, that occurred between May and August 1999 at the western Nagano prefecture, Japan, which is characterized by a high rate of shallow earthquakes. The data consist of seismograms recorded in an 800-m borehole and at 46 surface and 2 shallow borehole seismic stations whose spacing is a few kilometers. These data were recorded with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz. In particular, the 800-m-borehole data provide a wide frequency bandwidth with greatly reduced ground noise and coda wave amplitudes compared with surface recordings. High-frequency stopping phases appear in the body waves in Hilbert transform pairs and are readily detected on seismograms recorded in the 800-m borehole. After correcting both borehole and surface data for attenuation, we also measure the rise time, which is defined as the interval from the arrival time of the direct wave to the timing of the maximum amplitude in the displacement pulse. The differential time of the stopping phases and the rise times were used to obtain source parameters. We found that several microearthquakes propagated unilaterally, suggesting that all microearthquakes cannot be modeled as a simple circular crack model. Static stress drops range from approximately 0.1 to 2 MPa and do not vary with seismic moment. It seems that the breakdown in stress drop scaling seen in previous studies using surface data is simply an artifact of attenuation in the crust. The average value of rupture velocity does not depend on earthquake size and is similar to those reported for moderate and large earthquakes. It is likely that earthquakes are self-similar over a wide range of earthquake size and that the dynamics of small and large earthquakes are similar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003085","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Imanishi, K., Takeo, M., Ellsworth, W., Ito, H., Matsuzawa, T., Kuwahara, Y., Iio, Y., Horiuchi, S., and Ohmi, S., 2004, Source parameters and rupture velocities of microearthquakes in western Nagano, Japan, determined using stopping phases: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1762-1780, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003085.","startPage":"1762","endPage":"1780","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003085"},{"id":234054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9335e4b08c986b31a374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imanishi, K.","contributorId":51956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imanishi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takeo, M.","contributorId":72985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ito, H.","contributorId":15800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matsuzawa, T.","contributorId":11804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuzawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuwahara, Y.","contributorId":63582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwahara","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iio, Y.","contributorId":56423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iio","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Horiuchi, S.","contributorId":46272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horiuchi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ohmi, S.","contributorId":57630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohmi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026531,"text":"70026531 - 2004 - Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026531","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources","docAbstract":"Pb and Sr isotope data were obtained on the shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag Red Dog deposits (Qanaiyaq, Main, Aqqaluk, and Paalaaq), other shale-hosted deposits near Red Dog, and Zn-Pb-Ag sulfide and barite deposits in the western and central Brooks Range. The Red Dog deposits and other shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits near Red Dog are hosted in the Mississippian Kuna Formation, which is underlain by a sequence of marine-deltaic clastic rocks of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Endicott Group. Ag-Pb-Zn vein-breccias are found in the Endicott Group. Galena formed during the main mineralization stages in the Red Dog deposits and from the Anarraaq and Wulik deposits have overlapping Pb isotope compositions in the range 206Pb/204Pb = 18.364 to 18.428, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.553 to 15.621, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.083 to 38.323. Galena and sphalerite formed during the main ore-forming stages in the Red Dog deposits define a narrow field on standard uranogenic and thorogenic Pb isotope diagrams. Lead in sulfides of the Red Dog district is less radiogenic (238U/204Pb: ?? = 9.51-9.77) than is indicated by the average crustal lead evolution model (?? = 9.74), a difference consistent with a long history of evolution at low ratios of ?? before the Carboniferous. The homogeneous regional isotopic reservoir of Pb may indicate large-scale transport and leaching of minerals with various ?? ratios and Th/Pb ratios. Younger and genetically unrelated fluids did not significantly disturb the isotopic compositions of galena and sphalerite after the main mineralization event in the Red Dog district. Some pyrite shows evidence of minor Pb remobilization. The overall lead isotope homogeneity in the shale-hosted massive sulfide deposits is consistent with three types of control: a homogeneous regional source, mixing of lead during leaching of a thick sedimentary section and fluid transport, or mixing at the site of deposition. Isotopic variability of the hydrothermal fluids, as represented by galena in the Red Dog district, appears to be consistent with a simple mixing system. Evidence indicates that galena was deposited from largely similar hydrothermal solutions throughout the Red Dog district. A shared regional isotopic reservoir is also supported by the correspondence of Pb isotope compositions of galena in deposits of the Red Dog district and galena in clastic rocks (vein-breccias). Leaching of metals and progressive extraction of radiogenic lead from the clastic rocks in the Endicott Group may account for the trend of increasing 206Pb/204Pb in galena of the Red Dog district. Galena in the Red Dog deposits is unlikely to have been derived entirely from the same isotopic reservoir as that represented by the lead in the Kuna Formation or from the igneous rocks in the Red Dog district. Sr isotope data for barite, calcite, and witherite from the Red Dog deposits are compared with data from regional barite that is associated with sulfides and from barite in sulfide-poor occurrences. Fluids with heterogeneous Sr isotope signatures are indicated. Barite in the Main deposit extends to higher ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (0.709034-0.709899) than barite in the Anarraaq deposit (0.708615-0.709256). All barite is more radiogenic than Carboniferous seawater. Other Mississippian(?) shale-hosted deposits and mineral occurrences containing barite in the Red Dog district and barite in regional occurrences east of Red Dog in the western and central Brooks Range also have heterogeneous 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Carbonate (87Sr/86Sr = 0.710319-0.713637) and witherite (87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.710513) in the Main deposit are more radiogenic than barite. In contrast, carbonate (87Sr/86Sr = 0.708196-0.709740) intergrown with massive sulfides at Anarraaq has isotopic compositions similar to that of barite. Paragenetic and isotop ic studies suggest that early barite is similar to barite typically formed in cold seeps along continental margins. This early fine-grained barite formed before the main mineralizat","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1533","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Kelley, K., Leach, D.L., Young, L.E., Slack, J.F., Wandless, G., Lyon, A., and Dillingham, J., 2004, Origin of the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Evidence from regional Pb and Sr isotope sources: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1533-1553, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1533.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1553","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1533"},{"id":234020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70fde4b0c8380cd763b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, L. E.","contributorId":105288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wandless, G.","contributorId":96459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyon, A.M.","contributorId":73787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dillingham, J.L.","contributorId":105486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillingham","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026529,"text":"70026529 - 2004 - Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2207,"text":"Journal of Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening","docAbstract":"The first-order phase separation in a thin fluid film was simulated using a two-dimensional lattice-Boltzman model (LBM) with fluid-fluid interactions. The effects of the domain size on the intermediate asymptotic island size distribution were also discussed. It was observed that the overall process is dominated by coalescence which is independent of island mass. The results show that the combined effects of growth, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening control the phase transition process in the LBM simulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.1804158","issn":"00219606","usgsCitation":"Basagaoglu, H., Green, C., Meakin, P., and McCoy, B., 2004, Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening: Journal of Chemical Physics, v. 121, no. 16, p. 7987-7995, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1804158.","startPage":"7987","endPage":"7995","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1804158"},{"id":233981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4589e4b0c8380cd673db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basagaoglu, H.","contributorId":59211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basagaoglu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, C.T.","contributorId":73785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meakin, P.","contributorId":7055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meakin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, B.J.","contributorId":61216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026526,"text":"70026526 - 2004 - Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026526","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams","docAbstract":"1. We determined the effects of nutrient enrichment on wood decomposition rates and microbial activity during a 3-year study in two headwater streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, NC, U.S.A. After a 1-year pretreatment period, one of the streams was continuously enriched with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) for 2 years while the other stream served as a reference. We determined the effects of enrichment on both wood veneers and sticks, which have similar carbon quality but differ in physical characteristics (e.g. surface area to volume ratios, presence of bark) that potentially affect microbial colonisation and activity. 2. Oak wood veneers (0.5 mm thick) were placed in streams monthly and allowed to decompose for approximately 90 days. Nutrient addition stimulated ash-free dry mass loss and increased mean nitrogen content, fungal biomass and microbial respiration on veneers in the treatment stream compared with the reference. The magnitude of the response to enrichment was great, with mass loss 6.1 times, and per cent N, fungal biomass and microbial respiration approximately four times greater in the treatment versus reference stream. 3. Decomposition rate and nitrogen content of maple sticks (ca. 1-2 cm diameter) also increased; however, the effect was less pronounced than for veneers. Wood response overall was greater than that determined for leaves in a comparable study, supporting the hypothesis that response to enrichment may be greater for lower quality organic matter (high C:N) than for higher quality (low C:N) substrates. 4. Our results show that moderate nutrient enrichment can profoundly affect decomposition rate and microbial activity on wood in streams. Thus, the timing and availability of wood that provides retention, structure, attachment sites and food in stream ecosystems may be affected by nutrient concentrations raised by human activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Gulis, V., Rosemond, A., Suberkropp, K., Weyers, H., and Benstead, J., 2004, Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 11, p. 1437-1447, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1447","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01281.x"}],"volume":"49","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a076ee4b0c8380cd516c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulis, V.","contributorId":94071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulis","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosemond, A.D.","contributorId":96621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemond","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suberkropp, K.","contributorId":10203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suberkropp","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weyers, H.S.","contributorId":8592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benstead, J.P.","contributorId":107892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benstead","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026525,"text":"70026525 - 2004 - Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026525","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions","docAbstract":"Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. 18O/ 16O and 2H/1H ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M., Haas, N., and Hunt, R.J., 2004, Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 10, p. 5937-5946, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004.","startPage":"5937","endPage":"5946","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487449,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/522136","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5937-5946.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc37be4b08c986b32b1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, N.L.","contributorId":33496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026523,"text":"70026523 - 2004 - Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:04:34","indexId":"70026523","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal changes in reservoir conditions such as productivity, light, and temperature create spatiotemporal variation in habitat that may segregate or aggregate predators and prey, producing implications for the distribution, growth, and survival of fishes. We used hydroacoustics to document the diel vertical distribution of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka relative to environmental gradients at Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, during May-August of 2002. Temperature, light, and zooplankton density profiles were examined relative to foraging conditions for kokanee and their primary predator, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Age-0 kokanee displayed large diel vertical migrations in May despite the lack of an energetic advantage before reservoir stratification. Age-0 kokanee minimized near-surface foraging at this time, perhaps to avoid predation by visual predators, such as lake trout, in the well-lit surface waters. Strong reservoir stratification in midsummer appeared to provide a thermal refuge from lake trout that the kokanee exploited. By August vertical migrations were shallow and most kokanee remained in the epilimnion throughout the day. Although the energetic implications of the late-summer strategy are unclear, it appears that kokanee were responding to changes in their predator environment. A robust model for kokanee diel vertical migration across a range of systems should include a predator avoidance component.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T03-1234.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J., Johnson, B., and Martinez, P., 2004, Do predators influence the distribution of age-0 kokanee in a Colorado Reservoir?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 6, p. 1366-1378, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-1234.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1378","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.09918975830078,\n              38.48826334067771\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.14347839355469,\n              38.47348162207647\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17987060546874,\n              38.483157271516305\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2433853149414,\n              38.485307239467645\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27153778076172,\n              38.486382199392224\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.27188110351562,\n              38.50787803050539\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.30175018310547,\n              38.52909886869797\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33642578124999,\n              38.50142995467628\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33711242675781,\n              38.45573955865588\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3038101196289,\n              38.43288350196883\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.28355407714844,\n              38.46246055072804\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.22209930419922,\n              38.45735265386234\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.16064453125,\n              38.45385756866227\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.08030700683594,\n              38.46864331036054\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.04906463623047,\n              38.48154475346391\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0621109008789,\n              38.489069529053474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0365e4b0c8380cd50489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, J.M.","contributorId":46274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B. M.","contributorId":71511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, P.J.","contributorId":45492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026521,"text":"70026521 - 2004 - Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:26:26.065566","indexId":"70026521","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study","docAbstract":"A regional 3-D total petroleum-system model was developed to evaluate petroleum generation and migration histories in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros fold belt in Iraq. The modeling was undertaken in conjunction with Middle East petroleum assessment studies conducted by the USGS. Regional structure maps, isopach and facies maps, and thermal maturity data were used as input to the model. The oil-generation potential of Jurassic source-rocks, the principal known source of the petroleum in Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary reservoirs in these regions, was modeled using hydrous pyrolysis (Type II-S) kerogen kinetics. Results showed that oil generation in source rocks commenced in the Late Cretaceous in intrashelf basins, peak expulsion took place in the late Miocene and Pliocene when these depocenters had expanded along the Zagros foredeep trend, and generation ended in the Holocene when deposition in the foredeep ceased. The model indicates that, at present, the majority of Jurassic source rocks in Iraq have reached or exceeded peak oil generation and most rocks have completed oil generation and expulsion. Flow-path simulations demonstrate that virtually all oil and gas fields in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros fold belt overlie mature Jurassic source rocks (vertical migration dominated) and are situated on, or close to, modeled migration pathways. Fields closest to modeled pathways associated with source rocks in local intrashelf basins were charged earliest from Late Cretaceous through the middle Miocene, and other fields filled later when compression-related traps were being formed. Model results confirm petroleum migration along major, northwest-trending folds and faults, and oil migration loss at the surface.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/geoarabia090441","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Steinshouer, D., and Lewan, M.D., 2004, Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Felt of Iraq: Results from a basin-modeling study: GeoArabia, v. 9, no. 4, p. 41-72, https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090441.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              41.1767578125,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              41.0009765625,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              38.62792968750001,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              39.067382812500014,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              40.473632812500014,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              41.39648437499999,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              43.06640625,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              44.9560546875,\n              29.11377539511439\n            ],\n            [\n              46.58203125,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              47.4169921875,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              47.98828124999999,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              46.318359375,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              45.791015625,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              45.703125,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              44.78027343749999,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              41.87988281249999,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              41.1767578125,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77c6e4b0c8380cd7858a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinshouer, D.","contributorId":39986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinshouer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026512,"text":"70026512 - 2004 - Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026512","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic methods have isolated two ancient magnetizations in and around the Paleozoic shale-hosted Red Dog ore deposit in northern Alaska. A high-latitude, westerly magnetization carried by magnetite, termed characteristic remanent magnetization A, was found in rocks that have barite and/or substantial quartz replacement of barite. An intermediate- to low-latitude, southerly magnetization (characteristic remanent magnetization B) is carried by pyrrhotite and was found in rocks dominated by galena and sphalerite. The ages the two components are constrained by their relationship with geochemistry, radiometric age dating, and hypotheses for the Mesozoic tectonic history of the Brooks Range. Characteristic remanent magnetization A fails the fold test so it must postdate the end of Brookian orogenesis (??? 150 Ma). It is always found with replacement quartz that has a radiometric date (white mica from a vug, 39Ar/40Ar) of 126 Ma. The paleolatitude for characteristic remanent magnetization B is too shallow to be Mesozoic or younger, regardless of the model for the tectonic origin of northern Alaska, and must predate Brookian orogenesis. Geologic mapping suggests that most of the ore is syngenetic, formed at 330 to 340 Ma, and a radiometric date (Re-Os on pyrite) yields an age of 338 Ma. Since characteristic remanent magnetization B predates deformation, is found in mineralized rocks and is carried by pyrrhotite, it was probably acquired during the mineralizing process as well. The combined radiometric ages and paleomagnetic data sets can be best interpreted by assuming that northern Alaska was part of an accreted terrane that was translated northward by about 30?? into its current location relative to the rest of North America and then rotated counterclockwise by 50?? to 70??. This tectonic interpretation yields plausible magnetization ages for both characteristic remanent magnetization A and B. Geologic evidence, isotopic ages, and paleomagnetic data indicate formation of the deposit at a paleolatitude that is much lower than today. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1555","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Lewchuk, M.T., Leach, D.L., Kelley, K., and Symons, D.T., 2004, Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1555-1567, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1555.","startPage":"1555","endPage":"1567","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1555"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a742ce4b0c8380cd774b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T. A.","contributorId":26824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026509,"text":"70026509 - 2004 - Stable metal isotopes reveal copper accumulation and loss dynamics in the freshwater bivalve Corbucula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:13:15","indexId":"70026509","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable metal isotopes reveal copper accumulation and loss dynamics in the freshwater bivalve Corbucula","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Characterization of uptake and loss dynamics is critical to understanding risks associated with contaminant exposure in aquatic animals. Dynamics are especially important in addressing questions such as why coexisting species in nature accumulate different levels of a contaminant. Here we manipulated copper (Cu) stable isotopic ratios (as an alternative to radioisotopes) to describe for the first time Cu dynamics in a freshwater invertebrate, the bivalve<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbicula fluminea</i>. In the laboratory,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbicula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake and loss rate constants were determined from an environmentally realistic waterborne exposure to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup>Cu (5.7 μg L<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>). That is, we spiked deionized water with Cu that was 99.4%<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup>Cu. Net tracer uptake was detectable after 1 day and strongly evident after 4 days. Thus, short-term exposures necessary to determine uptake dynamics are feasible with stable isotopes of Cu. In<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbicula</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup>Cu depuration was biphasic. An unusually low rate constant of loss (0.0038 d<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) characterized the slow component of efflux, explaining why<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbicula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>strongly accumulates copper in nature. We incorporated our estimates of rate constants for dissolved<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup>Cu uptake and physiological efflux into a bioaccumulation model and showed that dietary exposure to Cu is likely an important bioaccumulation pathway for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbicula</i>.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es049432q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M., Luoma, S., Topping, B., and Lopez, C., 2004, Stable metal isotopes reveal copper accumulation and loss dynamics in the freshwater bivalve Corbucula: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 19, p. 5002-5009, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049432q.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5002","endPage":"5009","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049432q"},{"id":234270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9689e4b08c986b31b581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, B.R.","contributorId":97541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopez, C.B.","contributorId":67700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026508,"text":"70026508 - 2004 - Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026508","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker","docAbstract":"Sampling methods and results of a gene flow study are described that will be of interest to plant scientists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and stakeholders assessing the environmental safety of transgenic crops. This study documents gene flow on a landscape level from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), one of the first wind-pollinated, perennial, and highly outcrossing transgenic crops being developed for commercial use. Most of the gene flow occurred within 2 km in the direction of prevailing winds. The maximal gene flow distances observed were 21 km and 14 km in sentinel and resident plants, respectively, that were located in primarily nonagronomic habitats. The selectable marker used in these studies was the CP4 EPSPS gene derived from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4 that encodes 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and confers resistance to glyphosate herbicide. Evidence for gene flow to 75 of 138 sentinel plants of A. stolonifera and to 29 of 69 resident Agrostis plants was based on seedling progeny survival after spraying with glyphosate in greenhouse assays and positive TraitChek, PCR, and sequencing results. Additional studies are needed to determine whether introgression will occur and whether it will affect the ecological fitness of progeny or the structure of plant communities in which transgenic progeny may become established.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0405154101","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Watrud, L., Lee, E., Fairbrother, A., Burdick, C., Reichman, J., Bollman, M., Storm, M., King, G., and Van De Water, P.K., 2004, Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 101, no. 40, p. 14533-14538, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405154101.","startPage":"14533","endPage":"14538","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478191,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/521937","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405154101"},{"id":234236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d44e4b0c8380cd52ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watrud, L.S.","contributorId":10963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watrud","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, E.H.","contributorId":59996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairbrother, A.","contributorId":25500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairbrother","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burdick, C.","contributorId":88918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reichman, J.R.","contributorId":78130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bollman, M.","contributorId":61219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Storm, M.","contributorId":31173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"King, G.","contributorId":74521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Van De Water, Peter K.","contributorId":51484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Water","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026505,"text":"70026505 - 2004 - Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:18:38","indexId":"70026505","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples from short-screen monitoring wells installed along a 90-km transect in southwestern Kansas were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, isotopes (H, B, C, N, O, S, Sr), and dissolved gases (He, Ne, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, Ar, O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) to evaluate the geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions in the unconfined central High Plains aquifer. The primary reactions controlling water chemistry were dedolomitization, cation exchange, feldspar weathering, and O</span><sub>2</sub><span> reduction and denitrification. Radiocarbon ages adjusted for C mass transfers ranged from &lt;2.6 ka (</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) B.P. near the water table to 12.8&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.9 ka (</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) B.P. at the base of the aquifer, indicating the unconfined central High Plains aquifer contained a stratified sequence of ground water spanning Holocene time. A cross-sectional model of steady-state ground-water flow, calibrated using radiocarbon ages, is consistent with recharge rates ranging from 0.8 mm/a in areas overlain by loess to 8 mm/a in areas overlain by dune sand. Paleorecharge temperatures ranged from an average of 15.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7 °C for the most recently recharged waters to 11.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.4 °C for the oldest waters. The temperature difference between Early and Late Holocene recharge was estimated to be 2.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7 °C, after taking into account variable recharge elevations. Nitrogen isotope data indicate NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in paleorecharge (average concentration=193 μM) was derived from a relatively uniform source such as soil N, whereas NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in recent recharge (average concentration=885 μM) contained N from varying proportions of fertilizer, manure, and soil N. Deep water samples contained components of N</span><sub>2</sub><span> derived from atmospheric, denitrification, and deep natural gas sources. Denitrification rates in the aquifer were slow (5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2×&nbsp;10</span><sup>−3</sup><span> μmol N&nbsp;L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;a</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), indicating this process would require &gt;10 ka to reduce the average NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> concentration in recent recharge to the Holocene background concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Christenson, S.C., 2004, Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 1655-1686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1655","endPage":"1686","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172de4b0c8380cd553f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026500,"text":"70026500 - 2004 - Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026500","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of dryland surfaces to wind erosion depends importantly on the absence or the presence and character of surface roughness elements, such as plants, clasts, and topographic irregularities that diminish wind speed near the surface. A model for the friction velocity ratio has been developed to account for wind sheltering by many different types of co-existing roughness elements. Such conditions typify a monitored area in the central Mojave Desert, California, that experiences frequent sand movement and dust emission. Two additional models are used to convert the friction velocity ratio to the surface roughness length (zo) for momentum. To calculate roughness lengths from these models, measurements were made at 11 sites within the monitored area to characterize the surface roughness element. Measurements included (1) the number of roughness species (e.g., plants, small-scale topography, clasts), and their associated heights and widths, (2) spacing among species, and (3) vegetation porosity (a measurement of the spatial distribution of woody elements of a plant). Documented or estimated values of drag coefficients for different species were included in the modeling. At these sites, wind-speed profiles were measured during periods of neutral atmospheric stability using three 9-m towers with three or four calibrated anemometers on each. Modeled roughness lengths show a close correspondence (correlation coefficient, 0.84-0.86) to the aerodynamically determined values at the field sites. The geometric properties of the roughness elements in the model are amenable to measurement at much higher temporal and spatial resolutions using remote-sensing techniques than can be accomplished through laborious ground-based methods. A remote-sensing approach to acquire values of the modeled roughness length is particularly important for the development of linked surface/atmosphere wind-erosion models sensitive to climate variability and land-use changes in areas such as the southwestern United States, where surface roughness has large spatial and temporal variations. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"MacKinnon, D.J., Clow, G., Tigges, R., Reynolds, R.L., and Chavez, P., 2004, Comparison of aerodynamically and model-derived roughness lengths (zo) over diverse surfaces, central Mojave Desert, California, USA: Geomorphology, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 103-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.009"},{"id":234090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84de4b0c8380cd4cfe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tigges, R. K.","contributorId":74769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tigges","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026499,"text":"70026499 - 2004 - Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:36:38.736359","indexId":"70026499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","docAbstract":"Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution of hydraulic head, salinity, and flow in the transition zone between fresh water and salt water in a coastal aquifer system. When estimating dispersivity, the following conclusions can be drawn about the data types and locations considered. (1) The \"toe\" of the transition zone is the most effective location for hydraulic head and salinity observations. (2) Areas near the coastline where submarine ground water discharge occurs are the most effective locations for flow observations. (3) Salinity observations are more effective than hydraulic head observations. (4) The importance of flow observations aligned perpendicular to the shoreline varies dramatically depending on distance seaward from the shoreline. Extreme parameter correlation can prohibit unique estimation of permeability parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and flow parameters such as recharge in a density-dependent ground water flow model when using hydraulic head and salinity observations. Adding flow observations perpendicular to the shoreline in areas where ground water is exchanged with the ocean body can reduce the correlation, potentially resulting in unique estimates of these parameter values. Results are expected to be directly applicable to many complex situations, and have implications for model development whether or not formal optimization methods are used in model calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., 2004, Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 6, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3949e4b0c8380cd6188a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026496,"text":"70026496 - 2004 - Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026496","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about the steady increase in nitrate concentrations over the past several decades in many of Florida's first magnitude spring waters (discharge ???2.8 m3/s), multiple isotopic and other chemical tracers were analyzed in water samples from 12 large springs to assess sources and timescales of nitrate contamination. Nitrate-N concentrations in spring waters ranged from 0.50 to 4.2 mg/L, and ??15N values of nitrate in spring waters ranged from 2.6 to 7.9 per mil. Most ??15N values were below 6 per mil indicating that inorganic fertilizers were the dominant source of nitrogen in these waters. Apparent ages of groundwater discharging from springs ranged from 5 to about 35 years, based on multi-tracer analyses (CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H/3He) and a piston flow assumption; however, apparent tracer ages generally were not concordant. The most reliable spring-water ages appear to be based on tritium and 3He data, because concentrations of CFCs and SF6 in several spring waters were much higher than would be expected from equilibration with modern atmospheric concentrations. Data for all tracers were most consistent with output curves for exponential and binary mixing models that represent mixtures of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer recharged since the early 1960s. Given that groundwater transit times are on the order of decades and are related to the prolonged input of nitrogen from multiple sources to the aquifer, nitrate could persist in groundwater that flows toward springs for several decades due to slow transport of solutes through the aquifer matrix.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., 2004, Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida: Environmental Geology, v. 46, no. 6-7, p. 689-706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9.","startPage":"689","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1061-9"},{"id":234018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9383e4b08c986b31a51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026491,"text":"70026491 - 2004 - Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026491","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling","docAbstract":"The hydrological model TOPMODEL is used to assess the water balance and describe flow paths for the 9??73 ha Lutz Creek Catchment in Central Panama. Monte Carlo results are evaluated based on their fit to the observed hydrograph, catchment-averaged soil moisture and stream chemistry. TOPMODEL, with a direct-flow mechanism that is intended to route water through rapid shallow-soil flow, matched observed chemistry and discharge better than the basic version of TOPMODEL and provided a reasonable fit to observed soil moisture and wet-season discharge at both 15-min and daily time-steps. The improvement of simulations with the implementation of a direct-flow component indicates that a storm flow path not represented in the original version of TOPMODEL plays a primary role in the response of Lutz Creek Catchment. This flow path may be consistent with the active and abundant pipeflow that is observed or delayed saturation overland flow. The 'best-accepted' simulations from 1991 to 1997 indicate that around 41% of precipitation becomes direct flow and around 10% is saturation overland flow. Other field observations are needed to constrain evaporative and groundwater losses in the model and to characterize chemical end-members posited in this paper. Published in 2004 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1498","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Kinner, D., and Stallard, R., 2004, Identifying storm flow pathways in a rainforest catchment using hydrological and geochemical modelling: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 15, p. 2851-2875, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1498.","startPage":"2851","endPage":"2875","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1498"}],"volume":"18","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385ae4b0c8380cd61538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026489,"text":"70026489 - 2004 - PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T16:44:58","indexId":"70026489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","docAbstract":"<p>We examined whether brain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was involved in the abnormal cortisol response to stress seen in anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish treated with Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass) were maintained for 5 mo without feeding in the winter to mimic their seasonal fasting cycle, whereas a fed group with 0 and 100 mg/kg Aroclor was maintained for comparison. Fasting elevated plasma cortisol levels and brain GR content but depressed heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and interrenal cortisol production capacity. Exposure of fasted fish to Aroclor 1254 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in brain total PCB content. This accumulation in fish with high PCB dose was threefold higher in fasted fish compared with fed fish. PCBs depressed plasma cortisol levels but did not affect in vitro interrenal cortisol production capacity in fasted charr. At high PCB dose, the brain GR content was significantly lower in the fasted fish and this corresponded with a lower brain hsp70 and hsp90 content. The elevation of plasma cortisol levels and upregulation of brain GR content may be an important adaptation to extended fasting in anadromous Arctic charr, and this response was disrupted by PCBs. Taken together, the hypothalamus-pituitary- interrenal axis is a target for PCB impact during winter emaciation in anadromous Arctic charr.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004","issn":"03636119","usgsCitation":"Aluru, N., Jorgensen, E., Maule, A., and Vijayan, M., 2004, PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 287, no. 4, p. R787-R793, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"R787","endPage":"R793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004"}],"volume":"287","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7332e4b0c8380cd76f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, E.H.","contributorId":13782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vijayan, M.M.","contributorId":33087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026487,"text":"70026487 - 2004 - Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T16:38:21.348294","indexId":"70026487","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stepped-combustion <sup>14</sup>C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","title":"Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, we applied a stepped-combustion approach to dating post-bomb lake sediment from north-central Mississippi. Samples were combusted at a low temperature (400 °) and then at 900 °. The CO</span><span class=\"sub\">2</span><span>&nbsp;was collected separately for both combustions and analyzed. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology to improve the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating of sediment by combusting at a lower temperature and reducing the amount of reworked carbon bound to clay minerals in the sample material. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C fraction modern results for the low and high temperature fractions of these sediments were compared with well-defined&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">137</span><span>Cs determinations made on sediment taken from the same cores. Comparison of “bomb curves” for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">137</span><span>Cs indicate that low temperature combustion of sediment improved the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating of the sediment. However, fraction modern results for the low temperature fractions were depressed compared to atmospheric values for the same time frame, possibly the result of carbon mixing and the low sedimentation rate in the lake system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200035931","usgsCitation":"McGeehin, J., Burr, G.S., Hodgins, G., Bennett, S.J., Robbins, J.A., Morehead, N., and Markewich, H., 2004, Stepped-combustion 14C dating of bomb carbon in lake sediment: Radiocarbon, v. 46, no. 2, p. 893-900, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200035931.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"900","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035931","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b982ee4b08c986b31be9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burr, G. S.","contributorId":60414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burr","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgins, G.","contributorId":83714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgins","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, S. J.","contributorId":61996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, J. A.","contributorId":41843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morehead, N.","contributorId":75311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morehead","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markewich, H.","contributorId":20950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026471,"text":"70026471 - 2004 - Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026471","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","docAbstract":"Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual (June-June) precipitation spanning 1260-1998 A.D. The reconstruction exhibits considerable nonstationarity, and the instrumental era (post-1900) in particular fails to capture the full range of precipitation variability experienced in the past ???750 years. Both single-year and decadal-scale dry events were more severe before 1900. Dry spells in the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries surpass both magnitude and duration of any droughts in the Bighorn Basin after 1900. Precipitation variability appears to shift to a higher-frequency mode after 1750, with 15-20-yr droughts becoming rare. Comparisons between instrumental and reconstructed values of precipitation and indices of Pacific basin variability reveal that precipitation in the Bighorn Basin generally responds to Pacific forcing in a manner similar to that of the southwestern United States (drier during La Nin??a events), but high country precipitation in areas surrounding the basin displays the opposite response (drier during El Nin??o events). ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Fastie, C., Jackson, S., and Betancourt, J., 2004, Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 19, p. 3855-3865, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3865","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:tropit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a6e4b08c986b3273db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fastie, C.L.","contributorId":66034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fastie","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026463,"text":"70026463 - 2004 - Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026463","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1312,"text":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","docAbstract":"A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package has been coupled with the dynamic process simulator of an adsorption storage tank for methane fuelled vehicles. The two solvers run as independent processes and handle non-overlapping portions of the computational domain. The codes exchange data on the boundary interface of the two domains to ensure continuity of the solution and of its gradient. A software interface was developed to dynamically suspend and activate each process as necessary, and be responsible for data exchange and process synchronization. This hybrid computational tool has been successfully employed to accurately simulate the discharge of a new tank design and evaluate its performance. The case study presented here shows that CFD and process simulation are highly complementary computational tools, and that there are clear benefits to be gained from a close integration of the two. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004","issn":"00981354","usgsCitation":"Mota, J., Esteves, I., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 2004, Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation: Computers and Chemical Engineering, v. 28, no. 11, p. 2421-2431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004.","startPage":"2421","endPage":"2431","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004"},{"id":234127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0427e4b0c8380cd50806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mota, J.P.B.","contributorId":18937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mota","given":"J.P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esteves, I.A.A.C.","contributorId":75728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteves","given":"I.A.A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026462,"text":"70026462 - 2004 - A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026462","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838","docAbstract":"Understanding of the behavior of plate boundary zones has progressed to the point where reasonably comprehensive physical models can predict their evolution. The San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR) is dominated by a few major faults whose behavior over about one earthquake cycle is fairly well understood. By combining the past history of large ruptures on SFBR faults with a recently proposed physical model of strain accumulation in the SFBR, we derive the evolution of regional stress from 1838 until the present. This effort depends on (1) an existing compilation of the source properties of historic and contemporary SFBR earthquakes based on documented shaking, geodetic data, and seismic data (Bakun, 1999) and (2) a few key parameters of a simple regional viscoelastic coupling model constrained by recent GPS data (Pollitz and Nyst, 2004). Although uncertainties abound in the location, magnitude, and fault geometries of historic ruptures and the physical model relies on gross simplifications, the resulting stress evolution model is sufficiently detailed to provide a useful window into the past stress history. In the framework of Coulomb failure stress, we find that virtually all M ??? 5.8 earthquakes prior to 1906 and M ??? 5.5 earthquakes after 1906 are consistent with stress triggering from previous earthquakes. These events systematically lie in zones of predicted stress concentration elevated 5-10 bars above the regional average. The SFBR is predicted to have emerged from the 1906 \"shadow\" in about 1980, consistent with the acceleration in regional seismicity at that time. The stress evolution model may be a reliable indicator of the most likely areas to experience M ??? 5.5 shocks in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003003","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Bakun, W.H., and Nyst, M., 2004, A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay region: Stress evolution since 1838: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003003.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003003"},{"id":234088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d8e4b0c8380cd46987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026461,"text":"70026461 - 2004 - Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:16:55.013639","indexId":"70026461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","docAbstract":"<p>Iraq is one of the world's most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq's petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq's proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq. Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq's reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO. Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/geoarabia090351","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., Ahlbrandt, T., and Al-Gailani, M., 2004, Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications: GeoArabia, v. 9, no. 3, p. 51-74, https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              43.41796875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              43.9453125,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              44.05517578124999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              44.29687499999999,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              44.4287109375,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              44.6923828125,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              45.02197265624999,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              45.26367187499999,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              45.52734375,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              45.81298828124999,\n              35.99578538642032\n            ],\n            [\n              46.0986328125,\n              35.90684930677121\n            ],\n            [\n              46.494140625,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ],\n            [\n              46.12060546875,\n              35.62158189955968\n            ],\n            [\n              46.16455078125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              46.1865234375,\n              35.08395557927643\n            ],\n            [\n              45.9228515625,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              45.81298828124999,\n              34.66935854524545\n            ],\n            [\n              45.703125,\n              34.488447837809304\n            ],\n            [\n              45.615234375,\n              34.08906131584996\n            ],\n            [\n              45.9228515625,\n              33.76088200086917\n            ],\n            [\n              46.318359375,\n              33.35806161277885\n            ],\n            [\n              46.34033203125,\n              33.119150226768866\n            ],\n            [\n              47.0654296875,\n              32.713355353177555\n            ],\n            [\n              47.52685546875,\n              32.45415593941475\n            ],\n            [\n              47.92236328125,\n              31.840232667909365\n            ],\n            [\n              47.79052734375,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              48.0322265625,\n              31.071755902820108\n            ],\n            [\n              48.14208984375,\n              30.770159115784214\n            ],\n            [\n              48.47167968749999,\n              30.278044377800153\n            ],\n            [\n              48.5595703125,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              48.427734375,\n              29.84064389983444\n            ],\n            [\n              47.87841796875,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              47.48291015625,\n              30.012030680358613\n            ],\n            [\n              47.2412109375,\n              29.973970240516614\n            ],\n            [\n              47.109375,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              46.9775390625,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              46.6259765625,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              44.6923828125,\n              29.171348850951507\n            ],\n            [\n              42.86865234375,\n              30.4297295750316\n            ],\n            [\n              42.86865234375,\n              30.78903675126116\n            ],\n            [\n              39.92431640625,\n              32.06395559466043\n            ],\n            [\n              39.04541015625,\n              32.26855544621479\n            ],\n            [\n              38.8037109375,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              38.82568359375,\n              33.00866349457558\n            ],\n            [\n              38.73779296874999,\n              33.486435450999885\n            ],\n            [\n              40.53955078125,\n              34.415973384481866\n            ],\n            [\n              40.95703125,\n              34.43409789359469\n            ],\n            [\n              41.1767578125,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              41.11083984375,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              41.220703125,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              41.220703125,\n              36.38591277287654\n            ],\n            [\n              41.28662109375,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              41.85791015625,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              42.36328124999999,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              42.56103515625,\n              37.33522435930639\n            ],\n            [\n              42.69287109375,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              42.978515625,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              43.41796875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77fee4b0c8380cd785ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, M.K.","contributorId":90375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Gailani, M.","contributorId":35919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Gailani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026455,"text":"70026455 - 2004 - Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:07:51","indexId":"70026455","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","docAbstract":"We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and geological data, and monitoring observations. The main steps in the procedure are (1) to estimate an a priori probability distribution based upon theoretical knowledge, (2) to modify that using past data, and (3) to modify it further using current monitoring data. The scheme allows epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties to be dealt with in a formal way, through estimation of probability distributions at each node of the event tree. We then describe an application of the method to the case of Mount Vesuvius. Although the primary intent of the example is to illustrate the methodology, one result of this application merits special mention. The present emergency response plan for Mount Vesuvius is referenced to a maximum expected event (MEE), the largest out of all the possible eruptions within the next few decades. Our calculation suggest that there is a nonnegligible (1-20%) chance that the next eruption could be larger than that stipulated in the present MEE. The methodology allows all assumptions and thresholds to be clearly identified and provides a rational means for their revision if new data or information are obtained. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003155","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Marzocchi, W., Sandri, L., Gasparini, P., Newhall, C., and Boschi, E., 2004, Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155"},{"id":233941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Vesuvius","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              14.534912109374998,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.870949302299984\n            ],\n            [\n              14.346771240234375,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d8e4b0c8380cd804cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":29156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandri, L.","contributorId":95658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandri","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasparini, P.","contributorId":35881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boschi, Enzo","contributorId":15375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boschi","given":"Enzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}