The Bureau of Reclamation is currently (1995–2001) testing the Lower Colorado River Accounting\nSystem as a method to estimate the consumptive use of Colorado River water by diverters from Hoover\nDam to Mexico. Consumptive use is estimated in the Lower Colorado River Accounting System method,\nin part, on the basis of the annual discharge or annual change in reservoir contents, as well as the variance\nof estimate of the annual discharge or the annual change in reservoir contents at several surface-water\ngaging stations in the lower Colorado River stream-gaging network. The standard error and the variance\nof estimate were determined for the annual discharge at 14 streamflow-gaging stations and for the annual\nchange in content at 2 reservoir-content gaging stations used in the Lower Colorado River Accounting\nSystem for calendar years 1995–99.
\nThe standard error of the annual discharge was determined by using modifications to an existing\nmethod that assumes that the uncertainty in the discharge-rating shift is the main source of uncertainty in\ncomputed discharges and that the discharge-rating shift behaves as a first-order Markovian process. The\nmethod uses Kalman filtering of a first-order Markovian process as a statistical analogy to computing\nstreamflow with a shifted discharge rating. Temporally unbiased residuals from a discharge rating are used\nas a surrogate for the actual shifts used to compute discharge. The standard error of the annual discharge is\ndetermined by using Kalman-filter theory and estimates of four parameters: (1) the measurement variance\nof the discharge measurements used to determine the discharge-rating shift, (2) the process variance of the\ndischarge-rating residuals, (3) the serial correlation of the discharge-rating residuals, and (4) the\nfrequency of the discharge measurements. The existing methodology was improved by estimating the\nmeasurement variance from a semivariogram of the discharge-rating residuals, rather than on the basis of\nempirically derived error estimates for discharge measurements. The process variance and serial\ncorrelation of the discharge-rating residuals are estimated from the semivariogram, rather than a\nvariogram, of the discharge-rating residuals. The empirically derived estimates are based on\ncharacteristics of the discharge measurements such as number of depth and velocity observation sections,\ntype of current meter, and bed material composition and stability. Measurement variance determined from\nthe semivariograms was site specific and is therefore considered a better estimate than measurement\nvariance determined from the empirically-derived estimates. The method of estimating the standard error\nof the annual discharge requires the assumption of unbiased discharge-rating residuals, and for this\nreason, the standard errors presented in this report only represent the random error in the annual discharge\ndata. Estimates of the standard error of the annual change in reservoir content were determined on the\nbasis of the reservoir-surface area and the standard error of reservoir-stage readings.
\nThe standard error of the annual discharge, as a percentage, ranged from 0.11 percent for the All-\nAmerican Canal near Imperial Dam in 1998 to 12.3 percent for the Colorado River below Imperial Dam\nin 1996. The standard error of the annual discharge was less than 2 percent for all 5 years for 11 of the\n14 streamflow-gaging stations. In terms of flow volume, the standard error of the annual discharge ranged\nfrom 97 acre-feet for the Mittry Lake Diversions in 1995 to 77,000 acre-feet for the Colorado River at the\nnortherly international boundary with Mexico in 1998. In general, the standard error of the annual\ndischarge, as a percentage, was smallest at streamflow-gaging stations on the main stem of the Colorado\nRiver; however, the standard error of the annual discharge in acre-feet was largest at these stations\nbecause of the large annual discharge on the main stem. The standard error of the annual change in\ncontent for the two reservoirs ranged from 1,590 acre-feet for Lake Havasu in 1996 to 2,790 acre-feet for\nLake Mohave in 1995.
\nThe variance of estimate of the annual discharge for a streamflow-gaging station can be reduced by\nmaking additional discharge measurements; either by increasing the number of discharge measurements\nmade per site visit, or by increasing the frequency of site visits. Measurement error can be reduced by\nusing the average shift for two or more discharge measurements made during a site visit. For a\nstreamflow-gaging station where measurement error is much greater than process error and the serial\ncorrelation of the discharge-rating residuals is high, an improved gaging strategy would involve making\nmultiple discharge measurements per site visit. In contrast, for a streamflow-gaging station where process\nerror is much greater than measurement error and the serial correlation of discharge-rating residuals is\nlow, the gaging strategy would consist of several single discharge-measurement site visits. For a given\noperating cost or for a given variance of estimate of the annual discharge at a streamflow-gaging station,\nthe optimal site-visit and discharge-measurement strategy can be determined, providing that the travel\ncosts as well as the measurement variance, process variance, and serial correlation of discharge-rating\nresiduals are known.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri014240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., 2002, Standard errors of annual discharge and change in reservoir content data from selected stations in the lower Colorado River streamflow-gaging station network, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4240, x, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014240.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288431,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4240/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,32.0 ], [ -116.0,37.0 ], [ -113.0,37.0 ], [ -113.0,32.0 ], [ -116.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44313,"text":"ofr01420 - 2002 - Ground-water and surface-water quality data for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999-May 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T21:34:37.356485","indexId":"ofr01420","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-420","title":"Ground-water and surface-water quality data for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999-May 2001","docAbstract":"This report presents ground-water and surface-water quality data from samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from November 1999 through May 2001 at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The report also provides a description of the sampling and analytical methods that were used to collect and analyze the samples, and includes an evaluation of the quality-assurance data. The ground-water sampling network included two 4-inch wells, two 2-inch wells, sixteen 1-inch piezometers, one hundred thirteen 0.75-inch piezometers, two 0.25-inch flexible-tubing piezo-meters, twenty-seven 0.25-inch piezometers, and forty-two multi-level monitoring system depths at six sites. Ground-water profiler samples were collected from nine sites at 34 depths. In addition, passive-diffusion-bag samplers were deployed at four sites, and porous-membrane sampling devices were installed in the upper sediment at five sites. Surface-water samples were collected from 20 sites. Samples were collected from wells and 0.75-inch piezometers for measurement of field parameters and reduction-oxidation constituents, and analysis of inorganic and organic constituents, during three sampling events in March-April and June-August 2000, and May 2001. Surface-water samples were collected from November 1999 through September 2000 during five sampling events for analysis of organic constituents. Ground-water profiler samples were collected in April-May 2000, and analyzed for field measurements, reduction-oxidation constituents, and inorganic constituents and organic constituents. Passive-diffusion-bag samplers were installed in September 2000, and samples were analyzed for organic constituents. Multi-level monitoring system samples were collected and analyzed for field measurements and reduction-oxidation constituents, inorganic constituents, and organic constituents in March-April and June-August 2000. Field measurements and organic constituents were collected from 0.25-inch piezometers during three sampling rounds in March-April and June-August 2000, and May 2001. Porous-mem-brane sampling devices were installed at depths of up to 3 feet and sampled for organic compounds and reduction-oxidation constituents in March and June 2000, and May 2001. Field measurements, reduction-oxidation constituents, inorganic and organic ground-water samples were collected and analyzed from 1-inch piezometers in May 2001.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01420","usgsCitation":"Spencer, T.A., Phelan, D.J., Olsen, L., and Lorah, M.M., 2002, Ground-water and surface-water quality data for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999-May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-420, viii, 295 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01420.","productDescription":"viii, 295 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423021,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52338.htm"},{"id":81648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0420/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-420/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":167863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0420/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground, West Branch Canal Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.32517467524768,\n 39.4195139895742\n ],\n [\n -76.32517467524768,\n 39.386701032282815\n ],\n [\n -76.2836799382649,\n 39.386701032282815\n ],\n [\n -76.2836799382649,\n 39.4195139895742\n ],\n [\n -76.32517467524768,\n 39.4195139895742\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelan, Daniel J.","contributorId":51716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32740,"text":"fs05302 - 2002 - Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:20:16","indexId":"fs05302","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"053-02","displayTitle":"Robowell: Providing Accurate and Current Water-Level and Water-Quality Data in Real Time for Protecting Ground-Water Resources","title":"Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05302","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K.P., 2002, Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 053-02, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05302.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_053_02.bmp"},{"id":3319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs05302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fecd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39974,"text":"wri024064 - 2002 - Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana, May—August 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T08:43:42","indexId":"wri024064","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002–4064","displayTitle":"Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana, May—August 2000","title":"Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana, May—August 2000","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 40 stream sites in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana from May through August 2000 were analyzed for concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Each site was sampled five times in a 30-day period. Concentrations of E. coli in 72 of the 200 samples exceeded the State of Indiana single-sample standard of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation.
A five-sample geometric mean of concentrations was computed for each site. Concentrations in samples from 24 of the 40 sites exceeded the State of Indiana standard for a five-sample geometric mean of 125 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Samples collected from 34 sites had E. coli concentrations that exceeded either or both the single-sample standard and the five-sample geometric mean standard.
Five of the 40 sampling sites were at or near U.S. Geological Survey streamflowgaging stations. On the basis of records from these stations, 16 percent of the samples from these sites were collected at streamflows above the median daily mean discharge for each station.
E. coli concentrations and turbidity measurements collected during 2000 were analyzed in concert with E. coli concentration and turbidity data collected in 1999 at streams within the Kankakee and Lower Wabash River Watersheds in Indiana and in 1998 at streams within the Upper Wabash River Watershed in Indiana. These data were grouped together to investigate the relation between concentrations of bacteria and turbidity. The resulting analysis indicated a statistically significant correlation between concentrations of E. coli and turbidity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024064","usgsCitation":"Silcox, C.A., Robinson, B.A., and Willoughby, T.C., 2002, Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana, May—August 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002–4064, Report: vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024064.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4064/wri20024064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4064"},{"id":170209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4064/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.011474609375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -88.1048583984375,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 37.86618078529668\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -87.6763916015625,\n 37.81846319511331\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -87.5885009765625,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 37.900865092570065\n ],\n [\n -87.3358154296875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -87.0831298828125,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -86.7974853515625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 37.835818618104156\n ],\n [\n -86.517333984375,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -86.385498046875,\n 38.095659755295614\n ],\n [\n -86.2591552734375,\n 38.035112420612975\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 37.93986540897977\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 38.22955045532616\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -85.1385498046875,\n 38.685509760012025\n ],\n [\n -84.7760009765625,\n 38.81403111409758\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 39.605688178320825\n ],\n [\n -87.5555419921875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -88.011474609375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
The topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas (Black Hills area) of Wyoming (fig. 1) are underlain by two regionally important aquifers-the Minnelusa and the Madison. The Minnelusa aquifer is used extensively in the Black Hills area as a source of domestic and livestock water. The Madison aquifer is an important source of municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic water in both the Black Hills area and other parts of Wyoming. Increased demand for water from the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of Wyoming and South Dakota have created a need for better understanding of the hydrology of these two important aquifers.
\nThis report presents information on the potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of northeastern Wyoming using new data collected since completion of earlier studies. In addition, ground-water levels in selected wells are examined, and the relative age of a limited number of ground-water samples are discussed. The information will be of use to government officials, land planners and other individuals who must manage the limited water resources of this growing and developing area.
\nThe scope of the project was limited to wells and springs in the Black Hills area of Wyoming. Water levels were measured during 1998 and 1999 in wells completed in the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers to construct potentiometric-surface maps. The potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers were contoured at the same scale (1:100,000) as studies of the aquifers recently conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the Black Hills area within South Dakota (Carter and Redden, 1999a, 1999b; Strobel and others, 2000a, 2000b). The contours in these studies of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in South Dakota were \"edge matched\" as closely as possible along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line using the same contour interval. Use of the same contour interval and edge matching will allow for the use of the maps across State boundaries and improve understanding of the aquifers in a larger area within the Black Hills uplift. In places, some contours could not be matched across the Wyoming-South Dakota State line because this investigation was completed after the South Dakota investigations, and additional control points used in this investigation were located in Wyoming near the State line. The reader should note that Minnelusa and Madison outcrop areas and some structural features may not match in some areas along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line when maps in this study area are aligned or \"edge matched\" with maps produced for the South Dakota studies because different sources of geological mapping were used for the studies. Ground-water samples were collected from a subset of measured wells and analyzed for tritium to qualitatively estimate the time of ground-water recharge.
\nThis project was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (WSEO). The study area was almost entirely within Crook and Weston Counties in Wyoming and was bordered on the east by the Wyoming-South Dakota State line.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha748","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T., Hallberg, L., and Ogle, K.M., 2002, Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 748, Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ha748.","productDescription":"Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha748.jpg"},{"id":6318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha748/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, T.T.","contributorId":6544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, L.L.","contributorId":77569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogle, Kathy Muller","contributorId":8896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"Muller","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44312,"text":"ofr01380 - 2002 - Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:14:13","indexId":"ofr01380","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-380","title":"Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01380","usgsCitation":"Capone, M., Thieler, E., Nichols, D., and O’Brien, T., 2002, Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-380, 2 DVD-ROMs : ill. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capone, M.K.","contributorId":17670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":39950,"text":"wri024206 - 2002 - Estimating mean annual streamflow of rural streams in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri024206","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4206","title":"Estimating mean annual streamflow of rural streams in Kentucky","docAbstract":"Mean annual streamflow ( Q a ), defined as the mean of the series of annual mean streamflow values, was determined for selected rural stream sites in Kentucky. Streamflow data for the available period of record through the 1999 water year (October 1, 1998-September 30, 1999) at 235 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations with at least 5 years of record located in and adjacent to Kentucky were used in the analysis. Record-extension procedures were applied for selected gaging stations to reduce time-sampling error and, thus, improve estimates of the long-term Q a .\r\n\r\nTechniques to estimate the Q a at ungaged stream sites in Kentucky were developed. One-, two-, and three-variable regression equations that included total drainage area, station latitude minus 36 degrees, and mean basin elevation as explanatory variables were developed by use of ordinary- and generalized-least-squares regression. The three-variable regression equation has an approximate average standard error of prediction of 13.7 percent. The one- and two-variable equations exhibit geographical biases, and the indicated standard errors of prediction may poorly estimate the true prediction errors, depending upon the location in the State. Therefore, the three-variable equation should be used for estimating mean annual streamflow of rural streams in Kentucky whenever possible.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024206","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., 2002, Estimating mean annual streamflow of rural streams in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4206, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024206.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4206/report.pdf","size":"4826","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4206/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, G. R.","contributorId":14004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39859,"text":"fs05902 - 2002 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T22:01:47.726695","indexId":"fs05902","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"059-02","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"The upper and middle Verde River watershed in west-central Arizona is an area rich in natural beauty and cultural history and is an increasingly popular destination for tourists, recreationists, and permanent residents seeking its temperate climate. The diverse terrain of the region includes broad desert valleys, upland plains, forested mountain ranges, narrow canyons, and riparian areas along perennial stream reaches. The area is predominantly in Yavapai County, which in 1999 was the fastest-growing rural county in the United States (Woods and Poole Economics, Inc., 1999); by 2050, the population is projected to more than double. Such growth will increase demands on water resources. The domestic, industrial, and recreational interests of the population will need to be balanced against protection of riparian, woodland, and other natural areas and their associated wildlife and aquatic habitats. Sound management decisions will be required that are based on an understanding of the interactions between local and regional aquifers, surface-water bodies, and recharge and discharge areas. This understanding must include the influence of climate, geology, topography, and cultural development on those components of the hydrologic system.
\nIn 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR), initiated a regional investigation of the hydrogeology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed. The project is part of the Rural Watershed Initiative (RWI), a program established by the State of Arizona and managed by the ADWR that addresses water supply issues in rural areas while encouraging participation from stakeholder groups in affected communities. The USGS is performing similar RWI investigations on the Colorado Plateau to the north and in the Mogollon Highlands to the east of the Verde River study area (Parker and Flynn, 2000). The objectives of the RWI investigations are to develop: (1) a single database containing all hydrogeologic data available for the combined areas, (2) an understanding of the geologic units and structures in each area with a focus on how geology influences the storage and movement of ground water, (3) a conceptual model that describes where and how much water enters, flows through, and exits the hydrogeologic system, and (4) a numerical ground-water flow model that can be used to improve understanding of the hydrogeologic system and to test the effects of various scenarios of water-resources development. In 2001, Yavapai County became an additional cooperator in the upper and middle Verde River RWI investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Yavapai County","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, B., Flynn, M., Parker, J.T., and Hoffmann, J.P., 2002, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 059-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05902.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52136.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0059-02/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1976,34.3956 ], [ -113.1976,35.8968 ], [ -111.4,35.8968 ], [ -111.4,34.3956 ], [ -113.1976,34.3956 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db5310df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Betsy","contributorId":92327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123131,"text":"70123131 - 2002 - Ground-truthing coral-reef maps produced from remote-sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-01T11:04:19","indexId":"70123131","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T11:02:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3431,"text":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-truthing coral-reef maps produced from remote-sensing data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Clayton, T., 2002, Ground-truthing coral-reef maps produced from remote-sensing data: Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293238,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2002/05/fieldwork.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54058844e4b0971c80c85862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, Tonya","contributorId":6963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Tonya","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47512,"text":"twri04A3 - 2002 - Statistical methods in water resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47512,"text":"twri04A3 - 2002 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"twri04A3","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Statistical Methods in Water Resources","title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70201829,"text":"tm4A3 - 2020 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"tm4A3","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70201829,"text":"tm4A3 - 2020 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"tm4A3","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T18:21:40.251882","indexId":"twri04A3","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"04-A3","displayTitle":"Statistical Methods in Water Resources","title":"Statistical methods in water resources","docAbstract":"This book began as class notes for a course we teach on applied statistical methods to hydrologists of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). It reflects our attempts to teach statistical methods which are appropriate for analysis of water resources data. As interest in this course has grown outside of the USGS, incentive grew to develop the material into a textbook. The topics covered are those we feel are of greatest usefulness to the practicing water resources scientist. Yet all topics can be directly applied to many other types of environmental data.
This book is not a stand-alone text on statistics, or a text on statistical hydrology. For example, in addition to this material we use a textbook on introductory statistics in the USGS training course. As a consequence, discussions of topics such as probability theory required in a general statistics textbook will not be found here. Derivations of most equations are not presented. Important tables included in all general statistics texts, such as quantiles of the normal distribution, are not found here. Neither are details of how statistical distributions should be fitted to flood data -- these are adequately covered in numerous books on statistical hydrology.
We have instead chosen to emphasize topics not always found in introductory statistics textbooks, and often not adequately covered in statistical textbooks for scientists and engineers. Tables included here, for example, are those found more often in books on nonparametric statistics than in books likely to have been used in college courses for engineers. This book points the environmental and water resources scientist to robust and nonparametric statistics, and to exploratory data analysis. We believe that the characteristics of environmental (and perhaps most other 'real') data drive analysis methods towards use of robust and nonparametric methods.
Exercises are included at the end of chapters. In our course, students compute each type of analysis (t-test, regression, etc.) the first time by hand. We choose the smaller, simpler examples for hand computation. In this way the mechanics of the process are fully understood, and computer software is seen as less mysterious.
We wish to acknowledge and thank several other scientists at the U. S. Geological Survey for contributing ideas to this book. In particular, we thank those who have served as the other instructors at the USGS training course. Ed Gilroy has critiqued and improved much of the material found in this book. Tim Cohn has contributed in several areas, particularly to the sections on bias correction in regression, and methods for data below the reporting limit. Richard Alexander has added to the trend analysis chapter, and Charles Crawford has contributed ideas for regression and ANOVA. Their work has undoubtedly made its way into this book without adequate recognition.
Professor Ken Potter (University of Wisconsin) and Dr. Gary Tasker (USGS) reviewed the manuscript, spending long hours with no reward except the knowledge that they have improved the work of others. For that we are very grateful. We also thank Madeline Sabin, who carefully typed original drafts of the class notes on which the book is based. As always, the responsibility for all errors and slanted thinking are ours alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri04A3","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D.R. and R. M. Hirsch, 2002. Statistical Methods in Water Resources Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 4, chapter A3. U.S. Geological Survey. 522 pages.","productDescription":"522 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/erratasheet.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet","size":"6.15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/coverthb6.gif"},{"id":3961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/twri4a3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 4A3"}],"edition":"Version 1.1","publicComments":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 4, chapter A3, version 1.1 is superseded by Techniques and Methods 4-A3.","contact":"","tableOfContents":"Reprocessing of seismic-reflection data reveals new images of upper- to middle-crustal structures beneath the Wabash Valley seismic zone, located north of the New Madrid seismic zone within the seismically active southern Illinois basin. Four intersecting deep seismic profiles (243 km total) indicate an anomalous, 5–10-km-wide zone of dipping reflections and diffractions below the western flank of the Wabash Valley fault system (WVFS). The zone corresponds in places to gently arched regions of Paleozoic strata. The reflector zone can be interpreted as a result of either (or a combination of) magmatic intrusion or structural deformation. The area encompassing the reflection profiles has experienced several moderate magnitude (3.0 ≤ mbLg ≤ 5.5) earthquakes during the past 50 years, defining the central part of the Wabash Valley seismic zone. The hypocenter of the largest 20th-century earthquake in the central USA midcontinent (9 November 1968, mbLg 5.5) corresponds to the most prominent zone of dipping middle-crustal reflections, just west of the WVFS. Both the focal mechanism (moderately dipping reverse fault) and the expected rupture zone size (∼2.9 km fault length) of this earthquake are consistent with the orientation and size of observed reflectors. Dipping reflector patterns in the Precambrian crust are not collinear with fault surfaces updip in the Paleozoic sedimentary section. This indicates that shallow Paleozoic structures are effectively “decoupled” from deeper, possibly seismogenic structure, which suggests that understanding Paleozoic structure is not the key to understanding the earthquake source. The complex dipping crustal reflectivity beneath the WVFS is typical of Paleozoic continental convergent zones observed elsewhere (e.g., Appalachian orogen) and thus may suggest a preserved Proterozoic suture, possibly associated with the distal Grenville orogeny or an older event.
Although magnetic intensity, Bouguer gravity, and seismic-reflection data present different means of understanding the deep geology of the area, their integration aids in limiting the number of admissible interpretations. The reflection profiles indicate a variable zone of anomalous crustal structure, including the dipping reflector zone, along a trend of northeast-trending gravity and magnetic highs locally defining the Commerce geophysical lineament (CGL), which is a suspected source of seismic hazard in the central USA midcontinent. Three-dimensional inverse modeling of the residual isostatic gravity anomaly values indicates that the upper part of the dipping reflector zone beneath the CGL lies near an important density boundary in the upper Precambrian crust. The results of our study suggest that the seismogenic source just north of the New Madrid seismic zone consists, in part, of a pre-existing fabric of blind thrusts localized along pre-existing igneous intrusions, locally coincident with the CGL. This suggests that the CGL may be seismogenic in places and thus a potential seismic hazard. The variation in the expression of the CGL using reflection and potential-field data sets is probably partly related to the differing geologic features by which it is expressed, but would be also consistent with its reactivation numerous times under varying stress regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.73.5.660","usgsCitation":"McBride, J.H., Hildenbrand, T.G., Stephenson, W.J., and Potter, C.J., 2002, Interpreting the earthquake source of the Wabash Valley seismic zone (Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky) from seismic-reflection, gravity, and magnetic-intensity data: Seismological Research Letters, v. 73, no. 5, p. 660-686, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.73.5.660.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley seismic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.24380840272238,\n 39.45878984348565\n ],\n [\n -89.24380840272238,\n 36.64654719896838\n ],\n [\n -85.85036696171127,\n 36.64654719896838\n ],\n [\n -85.85036696171127,\n 39.45878984348565\n ],\n [\n -89.24380840272238,\n 39.45878984348565\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, John H.","contributorId":80535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69318,"text":"mf2400 - 2002 - Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Seabright Beach, Santa Cruz County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"mf2400","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2400","title":"Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Seabright Beach, Santa Cruz County, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe coastal cliffs along much of the central California coast are actively retreating. Large storms and periodic earthquakes are responsible for most of the documented sea cliff slope failures. Long-term average erosion rates calculated for this section of coast do not provide the spatial or temporal data resolution necessary to identify the processes responsible for retreat of the sea cliffs where episodic retreat threatens homes and community infrastructure. Research suggests that more erosion occurs along the California coast over a short time scale, during periods of severe storms or seismic activity, than occurs during decades of normal weather or seismic quiescence.\r\n\r\nThis is the third map in a series of maps prepared to document the processes of short-term sea cliff retreat through the identification of slope failure styles, spatial variability of failures, and temporal variation in retreat amounts in an area that has been identified as an erosion hotspot. This map presents sea cliff failure and retreat data from the Seabright Beach section, California, which is located on the east side of Santa Cruz along the northern Monterey Bay coast. The data presented in this map series provide high-resolution spatial and temporal information on the location, amount, and processes of sea cliff retreat in Santa Cruz, California. These data show the response of the sea cliffs to both large magnitude earthquakes and severe climatic events such as El Ni?os; this information may prove useful in predicting the future response of the cliffs to events of similar magnitude. The map data can also be incorporated into Global Information System (GIS) for use by researchers and community planners. During this study we developed a method for investigating short-term processes of sea cliff evolution using rectified photographic stereo models. This method allows us to document the linear extent of cliff failures, the spatial and temporal relationship between failures, and the type or style of slope failure.\r\n\r\nSeabright Beach extends 0.9 km from San Lorenzo Point on the west to the Santa Cruz Yacht Harbor on the east. The cliffs at Seabright Beach are completely protected from wave attack by a wide beach. The protective beach is a relatively recent feature that formed after the emplacement of the Santa Cruz Yacht Harbor jetty in 1963-1964. Prior to the completion of the jetty, the cliffs at Seabright Beach were subject to daily wave attack. The data in this study are post-jetty construction; therefore, the sea cliff failures and cliff retreat are the result of nonmarine processes (rainfall, groundwater and seismic shaking). The 8 to 15 m high cliffs at Seabright Beach are composed of the Miocene to Pliocene Purisima Formation, which is overlain by unconsolidated Pleistocene terrace deposits. The relative thickness of these units varies along the length of the cliff. At the west end of Seabright Beach, including San Lorenzo Point, nearly the entire cliff section is composed of Purisima Formation and is capped by less than 2 m of terrace deposits. In this exposure, the Purisima Formation is a moderately weathered, moderately indurated massive sandstone. The height of the cliffs and the thickness of the Purisima Formation decrease to the east. In the cliffs immediately adjacent to the harbor, the entire exposure is composed of terrace deposits. Toe-slope debris and wind-blown sand form a nearly continuous fan along the cliff base that obscure the lower portion of the cliff.\r\n\r\nThis study documents the impacts of earthquakes and large storms to the sea cliffs in the Seabright Beach section. The first event is the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a M7.1 earthquake that caused widespread damage to the area stretching from Santa Cruz to the San Francisco Bay. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, approximately 9 km inland from the coast. Extensive block and debris falls, induced by the seismic shaking, occ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2400","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Richmond, B.M., and D’Iorio, M.M., 2002, Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Seabright Beach, Santa Cruz County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2400, Map: 58 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2400.","productDescription":"Map: 58 x 37 inches","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110349,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52330.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52330"},{"id":187806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9545,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2400/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,36.950833333333335 ], [ -122,36.966944444444444 ], [ -121.98388888888888,36.966944444444444 ], [ -121.98388888888888,36.950833333333335 ], [ -122,36.950833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":280066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Iorio, Mimi M.","contributorId":45003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Iorio","given":"Mimi","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39770,"text":"twri06A7 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31565,"text":"ofr01434 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr01434","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39770,"text":"twri06A7 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","indexId":"twri06A7","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:19","indexId":"twri06A7","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A7","title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","docAbstract":"This report documents a computer program (SEAWAT) that simulates variable-density, transient, ground-water flow in three dimensions. The source code for SEAWAT was developed by combining MODFLOW and MT3DMS into a single program that solves the coupled flow and solute-transport equations. The SEAWAT code follows a modular structure, and thus, new capabilities can be added with only minor modifications to the main program. SEAWAT reads and writes standard MODFLOW and MT3DMS data sets, although some extra input may be required for some SEAWAT simulations. This means that many of the existing pre- and post-processors can be used to create input data sets and analyze simulation results. Users familiar with MODFLOW and MT3DMS should have little difficulty applying SEAWAT to problems of variable-density ground-water flow.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri06A7","usgsCitation":"Guo, W., and Langevin, C., 2002, User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow (Supersedes OFR 01-434): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A7, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A7.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3539,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri6a7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Supersedes OFR 01-434","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfcd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Weixing","contributorId":28641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39767,"text":"pp1660 - 2002 - Factors related to well yield in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:19","indexId":"pp1660","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1660","title":"Factors related to well yield in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The New Hampshire Bedrock Aquifer Assessment was designed to provide information that can be used by communities, industry, professional consultants, and other interests to evaluate the ground-water development potential of the fractured-bedrock aquifer in the State. The assessment was done at statewide, regional, and well field scales to identify relations that potentially could increase the success in locating high-yield water supplies in the fractured-bedrock aquifer. statewide, data were collected for well construction and yield information, bedrock lithology, surficial geology, lineaments, topography, and various derivatives of these basic data sets. Regionally, geologic, fracture, and lineament data were collected for the Pinardville and Windham quadrangles in New Hampshire. The regional scale of the study examined the degree to which predictive well-yield relations, developed as part of the statewide reconnaissance investigation, could be improved by use of quadrangle-scale geologic mapping. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nBeginning in 1984, water-well contractors in the State were required to report detailed information on newly constructed wells to the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES). The reports contain basic data on well construction, including six characteristics used in this study?well yield, well depth, well use, method of construction, date drilled, and depth to bedrock (or length of casing). The NHDES has determined accurate georeferenced locations for more than 20,000 wells reported since 1984. The availability of this large data set provided an opportunity for a statistical analysis of bedrock-well yields. Well yields in the database ranged from zero to greater than 500 gallons per minute (gal/min). \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nMultivariate regression was used as the primary statistical method of analysis because it is the most efficient tool for predicting a single variable with many potentially independent variables. The dependent variable that was explored in this study was the natural logarithm (ln) of the reported well yield. One complication with using well yield as a dependent variable is that yield also is a function of demand. An innovative statistical technique that involves the use of instrumental variables was implemented to compensate for the effect of demand on well yield.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nResults of the multivariate-regression model show that a variety of factors are either positively or negatively related to well yields. Using instrumental variables, well depth is positively related to total well yield. Other factors that were found to be positively related to well yield include (1) distance to the nearest waterbody; (2) size of the drainage area upgradient of a well; (3) well location in swales or valley bottoms in the Massabesic Gneiss Complex and Breakfast Hill Granite; (4) well proximity to lineaments, identified using high-altitude (1:80,000-scale) aerial photography, which are correlated with the primary fracture direction (regional analysis); (5) use of a cable tool rig for well drilling; and (6) wells drilled for commercial or public supply. Factors negatively related to well yields include sites underlain by foliated plutons, sites on steep slopes sites at high elevations, and sites on hilltops. Additionally, seven detailed geologic map units, identified during the detailed geologic mapping of the Pinardville and Windham quadrangles, were found to be positively or negatively related to well yields. Twenty-four geologic map units, depicted on the Bedrock Geologic Map of New Hampshire, also were found to be positively or negatively related to well yields. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nMaps or geographic information system (GIS) data sets identifying areas of various yield probabilities clearly display model results. Probability criteria developed in this investigation can be used to select areas where other techniques, such as geophysical techniques, can be applied to more closely identify potential drilling sites for high-yielding","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1660","isbn":"0607984538","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Schwartz, G.E., Clark, S.F., Walsh, G.J., and Degnan, J.R., 2002, Factors related to well yield in the fractured-bedrock aquifer of New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1660, 51 p., 2 plates in pocket: ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1660.","productDescription":"51 p., 2 plates in pocket: ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1660.jpg"},{"id":3536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1660/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67634,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1660/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67635,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1660/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Richard Bridge","contributorId":90712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Gregory E.","contributorId":90808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Stewart F. 0000-0001-8841-2728 sclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-2728","contributorId":3658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Stewart","email":"sclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":69316,"text":"mf2398 - 2002 - Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Depot Hill, Santa Cruz County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"mf2398","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2398","title":"Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Depot Hill, Santa Cruz County, California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe coastal cliffs along much of the central California coast are actively retreating. Large storms and periodic earthquakes are responsible for most of the documented seacliff slope failures. Long-term average erosion rates calculated for this section of coast (Moore and others, 1999) do not provide the spatial or temporal data resolution necessary to identify the processes responsible for retreat of the seacliffs, where episodic retreat threatens homes and community infrastructure. Research suggests that more erosion occurs along the California coast over a short time scale, during periods of severe storms or seismic activity, than occurs during decades of normal weather or seismic quiescence (Griggs and Scholar, 1998; Griggs, 1994; Plant and Griggs, 1990; Griggs and Johnson, 1979 and 1983; Kuhn and Shepard, 1979).\r\n\r\nThis is the first map in a series of maps documenting the processes of short-term seacliff retreat through the identification of slope failure styles, spatial variability of failures, and temporal variation in retreat amounts in an area that has been identified as an erosion hotspot (Moore and others, 1999; Griggs and Savoy, 1985). This map presents seacliff failure and retreat data from Depot Hill, California, which is located five kilometers east of Santa Cruz (fig.1) near the town of Capitola, along the northern Monterey Bay coast. The data presented in this map series provide high-resolution spatial and temporal information on the location, amount, and processes of seacliff retreat in Santa Cruz, California. These data show the response of the seacliffs to both large magnitude earthquakes and severe climatic events such as El NiOos; this information may prove useful in predicting the future response of the cliffs to events of similar magnitude. The map data can also be incorporated into Global Information System (GIS) for use by researchers and community planners.\r\n\r\nFour sets of vertical aerial photographs (Oct. 18, 1989; Jan. 27, 1998; Feb. 9, 1998; and March 6, 1998) were orthorectified and digital terrain models (DTMs) were generated and edited for this study (see Hapke and Richmond, 2000, for description of techniques). The earliest set of photography is from 1989, taken immediately following the Loma Prieta earthquake. These photographs are used to document the response of the seacliffs to seismic shaking, as well as to establish an initial cliff-edge position to measure the amount of retreat of the cliff edge over the following decade. The remaining three sets of photographs were collected using the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Aerial Mapping System (CAMS) during the 1997-98 El NiOo (see Hapke and Richmond, 1999, 2000). The CAMS photographs were taken before, during, and after severe storms and are used to examine seacliff response to these storms. In addition to the analyses of photogrammetrically processed data, field mapping identified joints, faults, and lithologic variations along this section of seacliff.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2398","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Richmond, B.M., and D’Iorio, M.M., 2002, Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Depot Hill, Santa Cruz County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2398, Map: 54 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2398.","productDescription":"Map: 54 x 34 inches","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110347,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52328.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52328"},{"id":187616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9549,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2398/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.91777777777779,35.967777777777776 ], [ -122.91777777777779,36.966944444444444 ], [ -121.93388888888889,36.966944444444444 ], [ -121.93388888888889,35.967777777777776 ], [ -122.91777777777779,35.967777777777776 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":280060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Iorio, Mimi M.","contributorId":45003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Iorio","given":"Mimi","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39822,"text":"wri024194 - 2002 - Selected elements and organic chemicals in streambed sediment in the Salem area, Oregon, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:15:35","indexId":"wri024194","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4194","title":"Selected elements and organic chemicals in streambed sediment in the Salem area, Oregon, 1999","docAbstract":"Analysis of streambed sediments in the Salem, Oregon, area showed anomalously large concentrations of some elements and organic chemicals, indicating contamination from anthropogenic and/or geologic sources. The streambed sediment sample from Clark Creek, an urban basin, had large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hyrdocarbons (PAHs), organochlorines, cadmium, lead, and zinc. The sample from the East Fork of Pringle Creek, which is a mostly urban basin, had the highest concentrations of DDD, DDE, and DDT compounds. Aldrin was detected in streambed sediment at only one site, the East Fork of Pringle Creek. Ten of the 14 sites sampled had exceedances of the sediment quality guidelines of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), and 8 sites had exceedances of guidelines from the Puget Sound Dredged Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) Program.
\nTrace element concentrations in the Salem area generally were similar to those found previously in the Willamette Basin and nationally. However, cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations were larger in the sample from Clark Creek than for largest value for Willamette Basin data from earlier studies. Zinc concentrations in the sample from Clark Creek exceeded sediment quality guidelines from the CCME and PSDDA.
\np,p'-DDE, which is a persistent breakdown product of the banned organochlorine-insecticide, DDT, was detected at all sites. Total DDT (the sum of p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT) concentrations exceeded the PSDDA screening level at eight sites and exceeded twice the PSDDA maximum level at the East Fork of Pringle Creek. Cis- and trans- chlordanes were detected at about 80% of the sites. The concentration of total chlordane for the sample at Clark Creek was larger than for any sample from previous Willamette Basin studies. The largest concentration of dieldrin also was from the sample at Clark Creek, which was the only site that exceeded the CCME guideline for dieldrin.
\nThe high levels of contaminants in some Salem area streams indicates the need for further study to assess the biological effects of these contaminants. Future monitoring in the Salem area could include bioassays using benthic invertebrates and the measurement of organochlorine compounds, including DDT, DDE, DDD, and dieldrin in fish tissue. Because resident fish may be consumed by humans and wildlife, fish tissue analyses would be helpful to determine the health risk associated with fish consumption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Salem, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., 2002, Selected elements and organic chemicals in streambed sediment in the Salem Area, Oregon, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4194, 43 p..","productDescription":"43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4194/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4194/wri02-4194.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
no abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr02341","usgsCitation":"Kucks, R.P., and Hill, P.L., 2002, South Dakota aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: a web site for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-341, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02341.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3609,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}