In 1972, the USA and Canada agreed to restore the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Great Lakes ecosystem under the first Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. In subsequent amendments, part of the St. Lawrence River at Massena, New York and segments of three tributaries, were designated as an Area of Concern (AOC) due to the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead and copper contamination, and habitat degradation and resulting impairment to several beneficial uses. Because sediments have been largely remediated, the present study was initiated to evaluate the current status of the benthic macroinvertebrate (benthos) beneficial use impairment (BUI). Benthic macroinvertebrate communities and sediment toxicity tests using Chironomus dilutus were used to test the hypotheses that community condition and sediment toxicity at AOC sites were not significantly different from those of adjacent reference sites. Grain size was found to be the main driver of community composition and macroinvertebrate assemblages, and bioassessment metrics did not differ significantly between AOC and reference sites of the same sediment class. Median growth of C. dilutus and its survival in three of the four river systems did not differ significantly in sediments from AOC and reference sites. Comparable macroinvertebrate assemblages and general lack of toxicity across most AOC and reference sites suggest that the quality of sediments should not significantly impair benthic macroinvertebrate communities in most sites in the St. Lawrence River AOC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.001","usgsCitation":"Duffy, B.T., Baldigo, B.P., Smith, A., George, S.D., and David, A.M., 2016, Assessing condition of macroinvertebrate communities and sediment toxicity in the St. Lawrence River at Massena Area-of-Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 4, p. 910-919, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"910","endPage":"919","ipdsId":"IP-052396","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Messena","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 44.8996597828752\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -74.55047607421875,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -74.55047607421875,\n 44.8996597828752\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 44.8996597828752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c882","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Duffy Brian T., Baldigo Barry P., Smith Alexander J., George Scott D., David Anthony M.","journalName":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, Brian T.","contributorId":6352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Alexander J.","contributorId":140345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Alexander J.","affiliations":[{"id":13464,"text":"Environmental Analyst, NY State Dept of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"David, Anthony M.","contributorId":36032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176516,"text":"70176516 - 2016 - Disease introduction is associated with a phase transition in bighorn sheep demographics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:40:01","indexId":"70176516","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-20T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease introduction is associated with a phase transition in bighorn sheep demographics","docAbstract":"Ecological theory suggests that pathogens are capable of regulating or limiting host population dynamics, and this relationship has been empirically established in several settings. However, although studies of childhood diseases were integral to the development of disease ecology, few studies show population limitation by a disease affecting juveniles. Here, we present empirical evidence that disease in lambs constrains population growth in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) based on 45 years of population-level and 18 years of individual-level monitoring across 12 populations. While populations generally increased (λ = 1.11) prior to disease introduction, most of these same populations experienced an abrupt change in trajectory at the time of disease invasion, usually followed by stagnant-to-declining growth rates (λ = 0.98) over the next 20 years. Disease-induced juvenile mortality imposed strong constraints on population growth that were not observed prior to disease introduction, even as adult survival returned to pre-invasion levels. Simulations suggested that models including persistent disease-induced mortality in juveniles qualitatively matched observed population trajectories, whereas models that only incorporated all-age disease events did not. We use these results to argue that pathogen persistence may pose a lasting, but under-recognized, threat to host populations, particularly in cases where clinical disease manifests primarily in juveniles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1520","usgsCitation":"Manlove, K., Cassirer, E.F., Cross, P.C., Plowright, R., and Hudson, P., 2016, Disease introduction is associated with a phase transition in bighorn sheep demographics: Ecology, v. 97, no. 10, p. 2593-2602, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1520.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2593","endPage":"2602","ipdsId":"IP-075822","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1520","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manlove, Kezia","contributorId":68204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manlove","given":"Kezia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cassirer, E. Frances","contributorId":23404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassirer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plowright, Raina K.","contributorId":23038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plowright","given":"Raina K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175981,"text":"ds1016 - 2016 - Toxicity of bed sediments from the Niagara River Area of Concern and tributaries, New York, to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca, 2014-15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T09:44:30","indexId":"ds1016","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-20T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1016","title":"Toxicity of bed sediments from the Niagara River Area of Concern and tributaries, New York, to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca, 2014-15","docAbstract":"The Niagara River was designated as an Area of Concern in 1987 on both the United States and Canadian sides of the international boundary line because past industrial discharges and hazardous waste sites had caused extensive degradation of aquatic habitats. The degradation of the “benthos”, or the benthic macroinvertebrate community, was identified as one of seven beneficial use impairments caused by contaminated bed sediments. The U.S. Geological Survey and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a study in 2014 and 2015 to gather more extensive data on (a) the toxicity of bed sediments and (b) the status of macroinvertebrate communities on the main stem and tributaries of the Niagara River. This report addresses the first component of that study (toxicity of bed sediments), and summarizes results from laboratory toxicity tests that compare the survival and growth of two macroinvertebrate species between bed sediments from study sites and laboratory controls. Sediment toxicity was negligible at most sites, however poor performance of one or both test species in bed sediments from several tributary sites suggests that the quality of sediments may be adversely affecting benthic macroinvertebrate communities in some tributaries to the Niagara River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B.P., and Duffy, B.T., 2016, Toxicity of bed sediments from the Niagara River Area of Concern and tributaries, New York, to Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1016, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1016.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074812","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438546,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FB5129","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from 10-day sediment toxicity tests of bed sediments from the Niagara River Area of Concern and tributaries, New York, with Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca, 201415"},{"id":328719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7FB5129","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS data release ","linkHelpText":"Data from 10-day sediment toxicity tests of bed sediments from the Niagara River Area of Concern and tributaries, New York, with Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca, 2014-15 "},{"id":328717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328718,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1016/ds1016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1016"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Niagara River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.22927856445312,\n 42.8054768278603\n ],\n [\n -79.22927856445312,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -78.72665405273438,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -78.72665405273438,\n 42.8054768278603\n ],\n [\n -79.22927856445312,\n 42.8054768278603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
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425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5602
Or visit our Website at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
An investigation into the magnitude and frequency of floods in Washington State computed the annual exceedance probability (AEP) statistics for 648 U.S. Geological Survey unregulated streamgages in and near the borders of Washington using the recorded annual peak flows through water year 2014. This is an updated report from a previous report published in 1998 that used annual peak flows through the water year 1996. New in this report, a regional skew coefficient was developed for the Pacific Northwest region that includes areas in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and western Montana within the Columbia River drainage basin south of the United States-Canada border, the coastal areas of Oregon and western Washington, and watersheds draining into Puget Sound, Washington. The skew coefficient is an important term in the Log Pearson Type III equation used to define the distribution of the log-transformed annual peaks. The Expected Moments Algorithm was used to fit historical and censored peak-flow data to the log Pearson Type III distribution. A Multiple Grubb-Beck test was employed to censor low outliers of annual peak flows to improve on the frequency distribution. This investigation also includes a section on observed trends in annual peak flows that showed significant trends (p-value < 0.05) in 21 of 83 long-term sites, but with small magnitude Kendall tau values suggesting a limited monotonic trend in the time series of annual peaks. Most of the sites with a significant trend in western Washington were positive and all the sites with significant trends (three sites) in eastern Washington were negative.
Multivariate regression analysis with measured basin characteristics and the AEP statistics at long-term, unregulated, and un-urbanized (defined as drainage basins with less than 5 percent impervious land cover for this investigation) streamgages within Washington and some in Idaho and Oregon that are near the Washington border was used to develop equations to estimate AEP statistics at ungaged basins. Washington was divided into four regions to improve the accuracy of the regression equations; a set of equations for eight selected AEPs and for each region were constructed. Selected AEP statistics included the annual peak flows that equaled or exceeded 50, 20, 10, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.2 percent of the time equivalent to peak flows for peaks with a 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence intervals, respectively. Annual precipitation and drainage area were the significant basin characteristics in the regression equations for all four regression regions in Washington and forest cover was significant for the two regression regions in eastern Washington. Average standard error of prediction for the regional regression equations ranged from 70.19 to 125.72 percent for Regression Regions 1 and 2 on the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains and from 43.22 to 58.04 percent for Regression Regions 3 and 4 on the western side of the Cascade Mountains. The pseudo coefficient of determination (where a value of 100 signifies a perfect regression model) ranged from 68.39 to 90.68 for Regression Regions 1 and 2, and 92.35 to 95.44 for Regions 3 and 4.
The calculated AEP statistics for the streamgages and the regional regression equations are expected to be incorporated into StreamStats after the publication of this report. StreamStats is the interactive Web-based map tool created by the U.S. Geological Survey to allow the user to choose a streamgage and obtain published statistics or choose ungaged locations where the program automatically applies the regional regression equations and computes the estimates of the AEP statistics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., Konrad, C.P., Veilleux, A.G., and Tecca, A.E., 2016, Magnitude, frequency, and trends of floods at gaged and ungaged sites in Washington, based on data through water year 2014 (ver 1.2, November 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5118, 70 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165118.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 69 p.; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075256","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329272,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5118/versionHist.txt","size":"3 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally post September 20, 2016; Version 1.1: October 4, 2016; Version 1.2: November 2017","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
We present results of population genetic analyses performed on Oregon silverspot butterflies (OSB; Speyeria zerene hippolyta) in western Oregon and northwestern California. We used DNA sequences from a 561-base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for a dataset comprised of 112 S. z. hippolyta and 32 S. z. gloriosa individuals collected at 9 locations in western Oregon and northwestern California. The most pertinent findings thus far are summarized as follows:
Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov/
The USGS Mineral Resources Program (MRP) delivers unbiased science and information to increase understanding of mineral resource potential, production, and consumption, and how mineral resources interact with the environment. The MRP is the Federal Government’s sole source for this mineral resource science and information. Program goals are to (1) increase understanding of mineral resource formation, (2) provide mineral resource inventories and assessments, (3) broaden knowledge of the effects of mineral resources on the environment and society, and (4) provide analysis on the availability and reliability of mineral supplies.
Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Phone: 703-648-6100
Email: minerals@usgs.gov
Or visit the USGS Mineral Resources Program Web site at http://minerals.usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkins, Aleeza 0000-0003-4356-153X awilkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-153X","contributorId":169720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"Aleeza","email":"awilkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doebrich, Jeff L. 0009-0009-3427-0985 jdoebric@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"Jeff","email":"jdoebric@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176487,"text":"70176487 - 2016 - Evaluation of single photon and Geiger mode Lidar for the 3D Elevation Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T14:47:43","indexId":"70176487","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of single photon and Geiger mode Lidar for the 3D Elevation Program","docAbstract":"Data acquired by Harris Corporation’s (Melbourne, FL, USA) Geiger-mode IntelliEarth™ sensor and Sigma Space Corporation’s (Lanham-Seabrook, MD, USA) Single Photon HRQLS sensor were evaluated and compared to accepted 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) data and survey ground control to assess the suitability of these new technologies for the 3DEP. While not able to collect data currently to meet USGS lidar base specification, this is partially due to the fact that the specification was written for linear-mode systems specifically. With little effort on part of the manufacturers of the new lidar systems and the USGS Lidar specifications team, data from these systems could soon serve the 3DEP program and its users. Many of the shortcomings noted in this study have been reported to have been corrected or improved upon in the next generation sensors.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs8090767","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Abdullah, Q., Nayegandhi, A., and Winehouse, J., 2016, Evaluation of single photon and Geiger mode Lidar for the 3D Elevation Program: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 9, Article 767; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090767.","productDescription":"Article 767; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077259","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c88e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abdullah, Qassim","contributorId":174668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abdullah","given":"Qassim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27496,"text":"Woolpert","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winehouse, Jayna","contributorId":174696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winehouse","given":"Jayna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176493,"text":"70176493 - 2016 - Evidence for shallow megathrust slip across the Unalaska seismic gap during the great 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:19:39","indexId":"70176493","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for shallow megathrust slip across the Unalaska seismic gap during the great 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"We reassess the slip distribution of the 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake in the eastern part of the aftershock zone where published slip models infer little or no slip. Eyewitness reports, tide gauge data, and geological evidence for 9–23 m tsunami runups imply seafloor deformation offshore Unalaska Island in 1957, in contrast with previous studies that labeled the area a seismic gap. Here, we simulate tsunami dynamics for a suite of deformation models that vary in depth and amount of megathrust slip. Tsunami simulations show that a shallow (5–15 km deep) rupture with ~20 m of slip most closely reproduces the 1957 Dutch Harbor marigram and nearby >18 m runup at Sedanka Island marked by stranded drift logs. Models that place slip >20 km predict waves that arrive too soon. Our results imply that shallow slip on the megathrust in 1957 extended east into an area that presently creeps.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL070704","usgsCitation":"Nicolsky, D., Freymueller, J., Witter, R., Suleimani, E.N., and Koehler, R., 2016, Evidence for shallow megathrust slip across the Unalaska seismic gap during the great 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 19, p. 10328-10337, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070704.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10328","endPage":"10337","ipdsId":"IP-079549","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl070704","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ee4b0bc0bec09c892","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2016gl070704","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl070704","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Nicolsky D. J., Freymueller J. T., Witter R. C., Suleimani E. N., Koehler R. D.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"10/6/2016","auditedOn":"12/1/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicolsky, D. J.","contributorId":174684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicolsky","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[{"id":13662,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suleimani, E. N.","contributorId":174695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suleimani","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, R.D.","contributorId":55925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176502,"text":"70176502 - 2016 - Three responses of wetland conditions to climatic extremes in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:12:06","indexId":"70176502","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three responses of wetland conditions to climatic extremes in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"Wetlands in central North Dakota were revisited after 50 years to assess changes following extreme drought and a prolonged wet period. We compared data collected during 1961–1966 to current (2013–2014) wetland conditions. We revisited 80 wetlands in 2013 and 2014 across three study areas and measured wetland area, ponded-water depth, and specific conductance. Wetlands at the three study areas responded to prolonged wet conditions in one of three ways. Wetlands at Crystal Springs became larger, and had deeper ponds of lower specific conductance in 2013–14 compared to the 1960s. Wetlands at Cottonwood were larger with deeper ponds of slightly higher specific conductance in 2013–2014. Wetlands at Mt. Moriah had only subtle changes in size, pond depth, and specific conductance between periods. Prolonged wet conditions led to merging of most wetlands (defined as the outer edge of wet-meadow vegetation) at Crystal Springs and a few wetlands at Cottonwood. Low topographic relief at Crystal Springs and Cottonwood contributed to storage of excess water in wetlands with associated responses to prolonged wet conditions. In contrast, higher topographic relief and natural outlets into two intermittent streams at Mt. Moriah resulted in wetlands being less impacted by prolonged wet conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0818-8","usgsCitation":"Cressey, R.L., Austin, J.E., and Stafford, J.D., 2016, Three responses of wetland conditions to climatic extremes in the Prairie Pothole Region: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 357-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0818-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-076277","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Stutsman\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cressey, Ryann L.","contributorId":174689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cressey","given":"Ryann","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27498,"text":"SDCFWRU, USGS, Ducks Unlimited, Bismark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176249,"text":"ds1018 - 2016 - California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) census results, Spring 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T14:55:04","indexId":"ds1018","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1018","title":"California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) census results, Spring 2016","docAbstract":"The 2016 census of southern sea otters Enhydra lutris nereis was conducted in May along the mainland coast of central California and in April at San Nicolas Island in southern California. The 3-year average of combined counts from the mainland range and San Nicolas Island was 3,272. This is the first year that the official index has exceeded 3,090, the Endangered Species Act delisting threshold suggested by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (the threshold would need to be exceeded for 3 consecutive years before delisting consideration). The 5-year average trend in abundance, including both the mainland range and San Nicolas Island populations, is positive at 3.2 percent per year; however, regional trends vary, with localized declines at the southern and northern peripheries of the mainland range. The lack of population growth in the range peripheries over recent years likely explains the cessation of range expansion, with the range limits remaining almost unchanged from the previous 5 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1018","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., and Hatfield, B.B., 2016, California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) census results, spring 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1018, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1018.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078738","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438547,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FJ2DWJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Annual California Sea Otter Census: 2016 Spring Census Summary"},{"id":328735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7FJ2DWJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Annual California Sea Otter Census - 2016 Spring Census Summary"},{"id":328710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1018/ds1018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1018 report PDF"},{"id":328709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1018/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -119.388427734375,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -119.388427734375,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 33.128351191631566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
Digital flood inundation maps for a 17-mile reach of Licking River and 4-mile reach of South Fork Licking River near Falmouth, Kentucky, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with Pendleton County and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers–Louisville District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://wim.usgs.gov/FIMI/FloodInundationMapper.html, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Licking River at Catawba, Ky., (station 03253500) and the USGS streamgage on the South Fork Licking River at Hayes, Ky., (station 03253000). Current conditions (2015) for the USGS streamgages may be obtained online at the USGS National Water Information System site (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). In addition, the streamgage information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The flood hydrograph forecasts provided by the NWS are usually collocated with USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the NWS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
In this study, flood profiles were computed for the Licking River reach and South Fork Licking River reach by using a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current (2015) stage-discharge relations for the Licking River at Catawba, Ky., and the South Fork Licking River at Hayes, Ky., USGS streamgages. The calibrated model was then used to calculate 60 water-surface profiles for a sequence of flood stages, at 2-foot intervals, referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from an elevation near bankfull to the elevation associated with a major flood that occurred in the region in 1997. To delineate the flooded area at each interval flood stage, the simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a digital elevation model of the study area by using geographic information system software.
The availability of these flood inundation maps for Falmouth, Ky., along with online information regarding current stages from the USGS streamgages and forecasted stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and local residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations, road closures, and post-flood recovery efforts.
Director, USGS Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center
9818 Bluegrass Parkway
Louisville, KY 40299
The viability of many species has been jeopardized by numerous negative factors over the centuries, but climate change is predicted to accelerate and increase the pressure of many of these threats, leading to extinctions. The Hawaiian honeycreepers, famous for their spectacular adaptive radiation, are predicted to experience negative responses to climate change, given their susceptibility to introduced disease, the strong linkage of disease distribution to climatic conditions, and their current distribution. We document the rapid collapse of the native avifauna on the island of Kaua‘i that corresponds to changes in climate and disease prevalence. Although multiple factors may be pressuring the community, we suggest that a tipping point has been crossed in which temperatures in forest habitats at high elevations have reached a threshold that facilitates the development of avian malaria and its vector throughout these species’ ranges. Continued incursion of invasive weeds and non-native avian competitors may be facilitated by climate change and could also contribute to declines. If current rates of decline continue, we predict multiple extinctions in the coming decades. Kaua‘i represents an early warning for the forest bird communities on the Maui and Hawai‘i islands, as well as other species around the world that are trapped within a climatic space that is rapidly disappearing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1600029","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E., Camp, R., Gorresen, P.M., Crampton, L., Leonard, D.L., and VanderWerf, E., 2016, Collapsing avian community on a Hawaiian island: Science Advances, v. 2, no. 9, e1600029; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600029.","productDescription":"e1600029; 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074183","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ee4b0bc0bec09c898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. rick_camp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crampton, Lisa H.","contributorId":101188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crampton","given":"Lisa H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leonard, David L. Jr.","contributorId":150180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"David","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17930,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, david_leonard@fws.gov","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"VanderWerf, Eric","contributorId":150183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderWerf","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":17933,"text":"Pacific Rim Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176492,"text":"70176492 - 2016 - Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:14:08","indexId":"70176492","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption","docAbstract":"Calderas are collapse structures related to the emptying of magmatic reservoirs, often associated with large eruptions from long-lived magmatic systems. Understanding how magma is transferred from a magma reservoir to the surface before eruptions is a major challenge. Here we exploit the historical, archaeological and geological record of Campi Flegrei caldera to estimate the surface deformation preceding the Monte Nuovo eruption and investigate the shallow magma transfer. Our data suggest a progressive magma accumulation from ~1251 to 1536 in a 4.6 ± 0.9 km deep source below the caldera centre, and its transfer, between 1536 and 1538, to a 3.8 ± 0.6 km deep magmatic source ~4 km NW of the caldera centre, below Monte Nuovo; this peripheral source fed the eruption through a shallower source, 0.4 ± 0.3 km deep. This is the first reconstruction of pre-eruptive magma transfer at Campi Flegrei and corroborates the existence of a stationary oblate source, below the caldera centre, that has been feeding lateral eruptions for the last ~5 ka. Our results suggest: 1) repeated emplacement of magma through intrusions below the caldera centre; 2) occasional lateral transfer of magma feeding non-central eruptions within the caldera. Comparison with historical unrest at calderas worldwide suggests that this behavior is common.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep32245","usgsCitation":"Di Vito, M.A., Acocella, V., Aiello, G., Barra, D., Battaglia, M., Carandente, A., Del Gaudio, C., de Vita, S., Ricciardi, G.P., Ricco, C., Scandone, R., and Terrasi, F., 2016, Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption: Scientific Reports, v. 6, Article 32245; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32245.","productDescription":"Article 32245; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071089","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32245","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Pozzuoli Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.056663513183594,\n 40.76806170936614\n ],\n [\n 14.056663513183594,\n 40.87614141141369\n ],\n [\n 14.201202392578125,\n 40.87614141141369\n ],\n [\n 14.201202392578125,\n 40.76806170936614\n ],\n [\n 14.056663513183594,\n 40.76806170936614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ee4b0bc0bec09c89d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Di Vito, Mauro A.","contributorId":174673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Vito","given":"Mauro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acocella, Valerio","contributorId":174674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acocella","given":"Valerio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiello, Giuseppe","contributorId":174675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiello","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barra, Diana","contributorId":174676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barra","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio mbattaglia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carandente, Antonio","contributorId":174677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carandente","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Del Gaudio, Carlo","contributorId":174678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Del Gaudio","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"de Vita, Sandro","contributorId":174679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vita","given":"Sandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ricciardi, Giovanni P.","contributorId":174680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricciardi","given":"Giovanni","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ricco, Ciro","contributorId":174681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricco","given":"Ciro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Scandone, Roberto","contributorId":174682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scandone","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Terrasi, Filippo","contributorId":174683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terrasi","given":"Filippo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70176635,"text":"70176635 - 2016 - Mediterranean biomes: Evolution of their vegetation, floras and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T11:53:27","indexId":"70176635","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":808,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mediterranean biomes: Evolution of their vegetation, floras and climate","docAbstract":"Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) possess the highest levels of plant species richness in the world outside of the wet tropics. Sclerophyll vegetation similar to today’s mediterranean-type shrublands was already present on oligotrophic soils in the wet and humid climate of the Cretaceous, with fire-adapted Paleogene lineages in southwestern Australia and the Cape Region. The novel MTC seasonality present since the mid-Miocene has allowed colonization of MTEs from a regional species pool with associated diversification. Fire persistence has been a primary driving factor for speciation in four of the five regions. Understanding the regional patterns of plant species diversity among the MTEs involves complex interactions of geologic and climatic histories for each region as well as ecological factors that have promoted diversification in the Neogene and Quaternary. A critical element of species richness for many MTE lineages has been their ability to speciate and persist at fine spatial scales, with low rates of extinction.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032330","usgsCitation":"Rundel, P.W., Arroyo, M.T., Cowling, R., Keeley, J.E., Lamont, B., and Vargas, P., 2016, Mediterranean biomes: Evolution of their vegetation, floras and climate: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 47, p. 383-407, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032330.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073016","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mediterranean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -7.03125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n 1.23046875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n 4.39453125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n 9.667968749999998,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n 13.18359375,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n 23.5546875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n 29.619140624999996,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n 37.265625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n 34.98046875,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n 21.26953125,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n 19.248046875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n 15.205078125,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n 8.7890625,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n 8.7890625,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -1.318359375,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -5.361328125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -7.03125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ee4b0bc0bec09c89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arroyo, Mary T.K.","contributorId":31887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arroyo","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowling, R.M.","contributorId":112016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowling","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, J. E.","contributorId":119549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamont, B.B.","contributorId":111965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vargas, Pablo","contributorId":174927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175461,"text":"sir20165111 - 2016 - Methods for estimating selected spring and fall low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged stream sites in Iowa, based on data through June 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T11:40:16","indexId":"sir20165111","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5111","title":"Methods for estimating selected spring and fall low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged stream sites in Iowa, based on data through June 2014","docAbstract":"A statewide study was led to develop regression equations for estimating three selected spring and three selected fall low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. The estimation equations developed for the six low-flow frequency statistics include spring (April through June) 1-, 7-, and 30-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years and fall (October through December) 1-, 7-, and 30-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years. Estimates of the three selected spring statistics are provided for 241 U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamgages, and estimates of the three selected fall statistics are provided for 238 of these streamgages, using data through June 2014. Because only 9 years of fall streamflow record were available, three streamgages included in the development of the spring regression equations were not included in the development of the fall regression equations. Because of regulation, diversion, or urbanization, 30 of the 241 streamgages were not included in the development of the regression equations. The study area includes Iowa and adjacent areas within 50 miles of the Iowa border. Because trend analyses indicated statistically significant positive trends when considering the period of record for most of the streamgages, the longest, most recent period of record without a significant trend was determined for each streamgage for use in the study. Geographic information system software was used to measure 63 selected basin characteristics for each of the 211streamgages used to develop the regional regression equations. The study area was divided into three low-flow regions that were defined in a previous study for the development of regional regression equations.
Because several streamgages included in the development of regional regression equations have estimates of zero flow calculated from observed streamflow for selected spring and fall low-flow frequency statistics, the final equations for the three low-flow regions were developed using two types of regression analyses—left-censored and generalized-least-squares regression analyses. A total of 211 streamgages were included in the development of nine spring regression equations—three equations for each of the three low-flow regions. A total of 208 streamgages were included in the development of nine fall regression equations—three equations for each of the three low-flow regions. A censoring threshold was used to develop 15 left-censored regression equations to estimate the three fall low-flow frequency statistics for each of the three low-flow regions and to estimate the three spring low-flow frequency statistics for the southern and northwest regions. For the northeast region, generalized-least-squares regression was used to develop three equations to estimate the three spring low-flow frequency statistics. For the northeast region, average standard errors of prediction range from 32.4 to 48.4 percent for the spring equations and average standard errors of estimate range from 56.4 to 73.8 percent for the fall equations. For the northwest region, average standard errors of estimate range from 58.9 to 62.1 percent for the spring equations and from 83.2 to 109.4 percent for the fall equations. For the southern region, average standard errors of estimate range from 43.2 to 64.0 percent for the spring equations and from 78.1 to 78.7 percent for the fall equations.
The regression equations are applicable only to stream sites in Iowa with low flows not substantially affected by regulation, diversion, or urbanization and with basin characteristics within the range of those used to develop the equations. The regression equations will be implemented within the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats Web-based geographic information system application. StreamStats allows users to click on any ungaged stream site and compute estimates of the six selected spring and fall low-flow statistics; in addition, 90-percent prediction intervals and the measured basin characteristics for the ungaged site are provided. StreamStats also allows users to click on any Iowa streamgage to obtain computed estimates for the six selected spring and fall low-flow statistics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., Barnes, K.K., and O’Shea, P.S., 2016, Methods for estimating selected spring and fall low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged stream sites in Iowa, based on data through June 2014 (ver. 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5111, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165111.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; Appendix Table 1–1","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070749","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5111/sir20165111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5111"},{"id":328722,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5111/sir20165111_appendix_table1-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–1","size":"91.9 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5111 Appendix Table 1–1"},{"id":329298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5111/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016–5111 Version History"},{"id":328720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5111/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 44.06390660801779\n ],\n [\n -89.461669921875,\n 44.06390660801779\n ],\n [\n -89.461669921875,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 19, 2016; Version 1.1: October 5, 2016","contact":"Director, Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1230
Iowa City, IA 52244
Between 2010 and 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a series of laboratory and field experiments designed to develop methodology to support the National Park Service’s long-term atmospheric pollutant monitoring efforts in parklands of Arctic Alaska. The goals of this research were to develop passive sampling methods that could be used for long-term monitoring of inorganic pollutants in remote areas of arctic parklands and characterize relations between wet and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants to that of concentrations accumulated by mosses, specifically the stair-step, splendid feather moss, Hylocomium splendens. Mosses and lichens have been used by National Park Service managers as atmospheric pollutant biomonitors since about 1990; however, additional research is needed to better characterize the dynamics of moss bioaccumulation for various classes of atmospheric pollutants. To meet these research goals, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the use of passive ionexchange collectors (IECs) that were adapted from the design of Fenn and others (2004). Using a modified IEC configuration, mulitple experiments were completed that included the following: (a) preliminary laboratory and development testing of IECs, (b) pilot-scale validation field studies during 2012 with IECs at sites with instrumental monitoring stations, and (c) deployment of IECs in 2014 at sites in Alaska having known or suspected regional sources of atmospheric pollutants where samples of Hylocomium splendens moss also could be collected for comparison. The targeted substances primarily included ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate ions, and certain toxicologically important trace metals, including cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc.
Deposition of atmospheric pollutants is comparatively low throughout most of Alaska; consequently, modifications of the original IEC design were needed. The most notable modification was conversion from a single-stage mixed-bed column to a two-stage arrangement. With the modified IEC design, ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate ions were determined with a precision of between 5 and 10 percent relative standard deviation for the low loads that happen in remote areas of Alaska. Results from 2012 field studies demonstrated that the targeted ions were stable and fully retained on the IEC during field deployment and could be fully recovered by extraction in the laboratory. Importantly, measurements of annual loads determined by combining snowpack and IEC sampling at sites near National Atmospheric Deposition Program monitoring stations was comparable to results obtained by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program.
Field studies completed in 2014 included snowpack and IEC samples to measure depositional loads; the results were compared to concentrations of similar substances in co-located moss samples. Analyses of constituents in snow and IECs included ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate ions; and a suite of trace metals. Constituent measurements in Hylocomium splendens moss included total nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and trace metals. To recover ammonium ions and metal ions from the upper cation-exchange column, a two-step extraction procedure was developed from laboratory spiking experiments. The 2014 studies determined that concentrations of certain metals, nitrogen, and sulfur in tissues of Hylocomium splendens moss reflected differences in presumptive deposition from local atmospheric sources. Moss tissues collected from two sites farthest from urban locales had the lowest levels of total nitrogen and sulfur, whereas tissues collected from three of the urban sites had the greatest concentrations of many of the trace metals. Moss tissue concentrations of three trace metals (cobalt, chromium, and nickel) were strongly (positively) Spearman’s rank correlated (p<0.05) with annual depositional loads of those metals. In addition, moss sulfur concentrations were positively rank correlated with annual depositional loads of sulfate (p<0.07). Exploratory models indicated linear uptake of the three metals by Hylocomium splendens moss and nonlinear uptake of sulfur from sulfate.
Our results provided useful preliminary models for several of the targeted substances; however, our ability to characterize relations between concentrations in moss and loadings for many of the metals was precluded by several factors. The few test sites, small concentration gradients, and generally low concentrations hampered model developments. In addition, the weather was unusually warm throughout Alaska during the winter of 2013–14, which caused intermittent melting of the snowpack at some of the test sites; consequently, our measurements of overwinter loads based on snowpack samples (obtained in late March) probably underestimated the actual loads. Regardless of these potential limitations, these studies have established a foundation to support further studies that can improve our understanding of how mosses accumulate inorganic substances and ultimately how mosses might be used as biomonitors of atmospheric pollutants; moreover, the successful development and validation of the IECs during this research documents how the methodology can be used for future monitoring efforts in remote regions of Alaska and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Arms, J.W., Linder, G.L., and Melton, V.D., 2016, Development of ion-exchange collectors for monitoring atmospheric deposition of inorganic pollutants in Alaska parklands: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5096, 43 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165096.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 42 p.; Appendixes: 1-3","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072869","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5096/sir20165096_appendix_1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"903 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5096 Appendix 1"},{"id":328416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5096/sir20165096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5096"},{"id":328419,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5096/sir20165096_appendix_2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"136 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5096 Appendix 2"},{"id":328420,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5096/sir20165096_appendix_3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"53 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5096 Appendix 3"},{"id":328415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.17510986328125,\n 63.83370500705902\n ],\n [\n -149.17510986328125,\n 63.91956769533998\n ],\n [\n -148.8599395751953,\n 63.91956769533998\n ],\n [\n -148.8599395751953,\n 63.83370500705902\n ],\n [\n -149.17510986328125,\n 63.83370500705902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.0679931640625,\n 64.55434119440012\n ],\n [\n -149.0679931640625,\n 65.35424113333515\n ],\n [\n -146.53289794921875,\n 65.35424113333515\n ],\n [\n -146.53289794921875,\n 64.55434119440012\n ],\n [\n -149.0679931640625,\n 64.55434119440012\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
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Pockmarks form by gas/fluid expulsion into the ocean and are preserved under conditions of negligible sedimentation. Ideally, they are circular at the seafloor and symmetrical in profile. Elliptical pockmarks are more enigmatic. They are associated with seafloor currents while asymmetry is connected to sedimentation patterns. This study examines these associations through morphological analysis of new multibeam data collected across the Santos continental slope offshore Brazil in 2011 (353–865 mbsl). Of 984 pockmarks, 78% are both elliptical and asymmetric. Geometric criteria divide the pockmarks into three depth ranges that correlate with a transition between two currents: the Brazil Current transfers Tropical Water and South Atlantic Central Water southwestwards while the Intermediate Western Boundary Current transfers Antarctic Intermediate Water northeastwards. It is suggested that the velocity of seafloor currents and their persistence dictate pockmark ellipticity, orientation and profile asymmetry. Fast currents (>20 cm/s) are capable of maintaining pockmark flank steepness close to the angle of repose. These morphological expressions present direct evidence for an edge effect of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and, in general, provide a correlation between pockmark geometry and seafloor currents that can be applied at other locations worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00367-016-0468-0","usgsCitation":"Schattner, U., Lazar, M., Souza, L.A., ten Brink, U., and Mahiques, M.M., 2016, Pockmark asymmetry and seafloor currents in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 36, no. 6, p. 457-464, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0468-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"464","ipdsId":"IP-079073","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0468-0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Santos Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -49.3,\n -22.5\n ],\n [\n -49.3,\n -30\n ],\n [\n -41.6,\n -30\n ],\n [\n -41.6,\n -22.5\n ],\n [\n -49.3,\n -22.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63fe4b0bc0bec09c8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schattner, U. 0000-0002-4453-4552","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-4552","contributorId":174637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schattner","given":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":27488,"text":"Dr. Mosses Straus Dept of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazar, M.","contributorId":174652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Souza, L. A. P.","contributorId":174653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souza","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahiques, M. M.","contributorId":174654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahiques","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176472,"text":"70176472 - 2016 - The importance of species name synonyms in literature searches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T13:31:51","indexId":"70176472","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of species name synonyms in literature searches","docAbstract":"The synonyms of biological species names are shown to be an important component in comprehensive searches of electronic scientific literature databases but they are not well leveraged within the major literature databases examined. For accepted or valid species names in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) which have synonyms in the system, and which are found in citations within PLoS, PMC, PubMed or Scopus, both the percentage of species for which citations will not be found if synonyms are not used, and the percentage increase in number of citations found by including synonyms are very often substantial. However, there is no correlation between the number of synonyms per species and the magnitude of the effect. Further, the number of citations found does not generally increase proportionally to the number of synonyms available. Users looking for literature on specific species across all of the resources investigated here are often missing large numbers of citations if they are not manually augmenting their searches with synonyms. Of course, missing citations can have serious consequences by effectively hiding critical information. Literature searches should include synonym relationships and a new web service in ITIS, with examples of how to apply it to this issue, was developed as a result of this study, and is here announced, to aide in this.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0162648","usgsCitation":"Guala, G., 2016, The importance of species name synonyms in literature searches: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162648.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"e0162648","ipdsId":"IP-074162","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162648","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63fe4b0bc0bec09c8a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guala, Gerald gguala@usgs.gov","contributorId":174640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guala","given":"Gerald","email":"gguala@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176475,"text":"70176475 - 2016 - Inter-population differences in salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of juvenile wild and hatchery-born Sacramento splittail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T14:59:12","indexId":"70176475","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-population differences in salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of juvenile wild and hatchery-born Sacramento splittail","docAbstract":"The Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) is a minnow endemic to the highly modified San Francisco Estuary of California, USA and its associated rivers and tributaries. This species is composed of two genetically distinct populations, which, according to field observations and otolith strontium signatures, show largely allopatric distribution patterns as recently hatched juveniles. Juvenile Central Valley splittail are found primarily in the nearly fresh waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries, whereas San Pablo juveniles are found in the typically higher-salinity waters (i.e. up to 10‰) of the Napa and Petaluma Rivers. As the large salinity differences between young-of-year habitats may indicate population-specific differences in salinity tolerance, we hypothesized that juvenile San Pablo and Central Valley splittail populations differ in their response to salinity. In hatchery-born and wild-caught juvenile San Pablo splittail, we found upper salinity tolerances, where mortalities occurred within 336 h of exposure to 16‰ or higher, which was higher than the upper salinity tolerance of 14‰ for wild-caught juvenile Central Valley splittail. This, in conjunction with slower recovery of plasma osmolality, but not ion levels, muscle moisture or gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, in Central Valley relative to San Pablo splittail during osmoregulatory disturbance provides some support for our hypothesis of inter-population variation in salinity tolerance and osmoregulation. The modestly improved salinity tolerance of San Pablo splittail is consistent with its use of higher-salinity habitats. Although confirmation of the putative adaptive difference through further studies is recommended, this may highlight the need for population-specific management considerations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Experimental Biology","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/conphys/cov063","usgsCitation":"Verhille, C.E., Dabruzzi, T.F., Cocherell, D.E., Mahardja, B., Feyrer, F.V., Foin, T.C., Baerwald, M.R., and Fangue, N.A., 2016, Inter-population differences in salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of juvenile wild and hatchery-born Sacramento splittail: Conservation Physiology, v. 4, no. 1, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov063.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-078718","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -120.49255371093749,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -120.49255371093749,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 37.212831514455964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63fe4b0bc0bec09c8a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verhille, Christine E.","contributorId":174642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verhille","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dabruzzi, Theresa F.","contributorId":174643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dabruzzi","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cocherell, Dennis E.","contributorId":174644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cocherell","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahardja, Brian","contributorId":174645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahardja","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":5901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foin, Theodore C.","contributorId":174646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foin","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baerwald, Melinda R.","contributorId":171890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baerwald","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fangue, Nann A.","contributorId":152479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fangue","given":"Nann","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176476,"text":"70176476 - 2016 - Foraging at the wildland–urban interface decouples weather as a driver of recruitment for desert bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:02:36","indexId":"70176476","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging at the wildland–urban interface decouples weather as a driver of recruitment for desert bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"A growing number of ungulate populations are living within or near the wildland–urban interface. When resources at the interface are of greater quality than that of adjacent natural habitat, wildlife can be attracted to these developed areas. Little is known about how use of the wildland–urban interface by wildlife may affect vital rates. Under natural conditions, recruitment by desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) correlates with variation in the timing and amount of rainfall that initiates and enhances growth of annual plant species. However, for populations that forage in developed areas, this relationship may become decoupled. In the River Mountains of Nevada, USA, desert bighorn sheep have been feeding in a municipal park at the wildland–urban interface since its establishment in 1985. Approximately one-third of the population now uses the park during summer months when nutritional content of natural forage is low. We hypothesized that use of this municipal area, with its abundant vegetation and water resources, may have decoupled the previous relationship between precipitation and lamb recruitment. We assessed variables known to affect lamb recruitment before (1971–1986) and after (1987–2006) establishment of the park using linear regression models. Our top candidate model for the pre-park period indicated that total November precipitation was the greatest driver of lamb recruitment in this population. After park establishment, this relationship became decoupled because lamb recruitment was no longer driven by weather variables. These results raise questions about the effects of decoupling drivers of population growth and maintaining natural populations near urban areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/wsb.679","usgsCitation":"Longshore, K.M., Lowrey, C.E., and Cummings, P., 2016, Foraging at the wildland–urban interface decouples weather as a driver of recruitment for desert bighorn sheep: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 3, p. 494-499, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.679.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"499","ipdsId":"IP-072045","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ab750e0d2274a96a5325257b601991a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.97707366943358,\n 35.97272720799364\n ],\n [\n -114.97707366943358,\n 36.0410487010891\n ],\n [\n -114.8339080810547,\n 36.0410487010891\n ],\n [\n -114.8339080810547,\n 35.97272720799364\n ],\n [\n -114.97707366943358,\n 35.97272720799364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed48b1e4b090825011d4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen M. 0000-0001-6621-1271 longshore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":2677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"longshore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowrey, Chris E. 0000-0001-5084-7275 clowrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7275","contributorId":3225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrey","given":"Chris","email":"clowrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, Patrick","contributorId":174650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummings","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27489,"text":"Nevada Department of Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176425,"text":"gip167 - 2016 - A world of minerals in your mobile device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T09:04:32","indexId":"gip167","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-15T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"167","title":"A world of minerals in your mobile device","docAbstract":"Mobile phones and other high-technology communications devices could not exist without mineral commodities. More than one-half of all components in a mobile device—including its electronics, display, battery, speakers, and more—are made from mined and semiprocessed materials (mineral commodities). Some mineral commodities can be recovered as byproducts during the production and processing of other commodities. As an example, bauxite is mined for its aluminum content, but gallium is recovered during the aluminum production process. The images show the ore minerals (sources) of some mineral commodities that are used to make components of a mobile device. On the reverse side, the map and table depict the major source countries producing these mineral commodities along with how these commodities are used in mobile devices. For more information on minerals, visit http://minerals.usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip167","usgsCitation":"Jenness, J.E., Ober, J.A., Wilkins, A.M., and Gambogi, Joseph, 2016, A world of minerals in your mobile device: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 167, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip167.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077023","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328675,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0167/gip167.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 167"},{"id":328674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0167/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Or visit the USGS Minerals Information Web site at:
http://minerals.usgs.gov
This report provides the geochemical analyses of a large set of background soils collected from the surface of the Coconino Plateau in northern Arizona. More than 700 soil samples were collected at 46 widespread areas, sampled from sites that appear unaffected by mineralization and (or) anthropogenic contamination. The soils were analyzed for 47 elements, thereby providing data on metal concentrations in soils representative of the plateau. These background concentrations can be used, for instance, for comparison to metal concentrations found in soils potentially affected by natural and anthropogenic influences on the Coconino Plateau in the Grand Canyon region of Arizona.
The soil sampling survey revealed low concentrations for the metals most commonly of environmental concern, such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, lead, uranium, vanadium, and zinc. For example, the median concentrations of the metals in soils of the Coconino Plateau were found to be comparable to the mean values previously reported for soils of the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161160","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2016, Element concentrations in surface soils of the Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon region, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1160, 9 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161160.","productDescription":"Report: v, 9 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077409","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/ofr20161160_Appendix-1.xlsx","size":"236 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-1160 Appendix 1"},{"id":328664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/ofr20161160.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-1160"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director
USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 973
Denver, CO 80225
Snow sublimation can be an important component of the snow-cover mass balance, and there is considerable interest in quantifying the role of this process within the water and energy balance of snow-covered regions. In recent years, robust eddy covariance (EC) instrumentation has been used to quantify snow sublimation over snow-covered surfaces in complex mountainous terrain. However, EC can be challenging for monitoring turbulent fluxes in snow-covered environments because of intensive data, power, and fetch requirements, and alternative methods of estimating snow sublimation are often relied upon. To evaluate the relative merits of methods for quantifying surface sublimation, fluxes calculated by the EC, Bowen ratio–energy balance (BR), bulk aerodynamic flux (BF), and aerodynamic profile (AP) methods and their associated uncertainty were compared at two forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Biases between methods are evaluated over a range of environmental conditions, and limitations of each method are discussed. Mean surface sublimation rates from both sites ranged from 0.33 to 0.36 mm day−1, 0.14 to 0.37 mm day−1, 0.10 to 0.17 mm day−1, and 0.03 to 0.10 mm day−1 for the EC, BR, BF and AP methods, respectively. The EC and/or BF methods are concluded to be superior for estimating surface sublimation in snow-covered forested openings. The surface sublimation rates quantified in this study are generally smaller in magnitude compared with previously published studies in this region and help to refine sublimation estimates for forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10864","usgsCitation":"Sexstone, G.A., Clow, D.W., Stannard, D.I., and Fassnacht, S.R., 2016, Comparison of methods for quantifying surface sublimation over seasonally snow-covered terrain: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 19, p. 3373-3389, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10864.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3373","endPage":"3389","ipdsId":"IP-071074","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e0e4b04fc80e5073a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexstone, Graham A. 0000-0001-8913-0546 sexstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0546","contributorId":5159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexstone","given":"Graham","email":"sexstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fassnacht, Steven R.","contributorId":177135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fassnacht","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176453,"text":"70176453 - 2016 - Prerequisites for understanding climate-change impacts on northern prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:13:01","indexId":"70176453","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-14T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prerequisites for understanding climate-change impacts on northern prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) contains ecosystems that are typified by an extensive matrix of grasslands and depressional wetlands, which provide numerous ecosystem services. Over the past 150 years the PPR has experienced numerous landscape modifications resulting in agricultural conversion of 75–99 % of native prairie uplands and drainage of 50–90 % of wetlands. There is concern over how and where conservation dollars should be spent within the PPR to protect and restore wetland basins to support waterbird populations that will be robust to a changing climate. However, while hydrological impacts of landscape modifications appear substantial, they are still poorly understood. Previous modeling efforts addressing impacts of climate change on PPR wetlands have yet to fully incorporate interacting or potentially overshadowing impacts of landscape modification. We outlined several information needs for building more informative models to predict climate change effects on PPR wetlands. We reviewed how landscape modification influences wetland hydrology and present a conceptual model to describe how modified wetlands might respond to climate variability. We note that current climate projections do not incorporate cyclical variability in climate between wet and dry periods even though such dynamics have shaped the hydrology and ecology of PPR wetlands. We conclude that there are at least three prerequisite steps to making meaningful predictions about effects of climate change on PPR wetlands. Those evident to us are: 1) an understanding of how physical and watershed characteristics of wetland basins of similar hydroperiods vary across temperature and moisture gradients; 2) a mechanistic understanding of how wetlands respond to climate across a gradient of anthropogenic modifications; and 3) improved climate projections for the PPR that can meaningfully represent potential changes in climate variability including intensity and duration of wet and dry periods. Once these issues are addressed, we contend that modeling efforts will better inform and quantify ecosystem services provided by wetlands to meet needs of waterbird conservation and broader societal interests such as flood control and water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0811-2","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M.J., Wiltermuth, M.T., Post van der Burg, M., and Pearse, A.T., 2016, Prerequisites for understanding climate-change impacts on northern prairie wetlands: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 299-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0811-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-073902","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da66a5e4b090824ffb164c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0811-2","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0811-2","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Anteau Michael J., Wiltermuth Mark T., van der Burg Max Post, Pearse Aaron T.","journalName":"Wetlands","publicationDate":"9/8/2016","auditedOn":"2/15/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176456,"text":"70176456 - 2016 - Vegetative response to water availability on the San Carlos Apache Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T16:02:53","indexId":"70176456","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-14T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetative response to water availability on the San Carlos Apache Reservation","docAbstract":"On the San Carlos Apache Reservation in east-central Arizona, U.S.A., vegetation types such as ponderosa pine forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and grasslands have significant ecological, cultural, and economic value for the Tribe. This value extends beyond the tribal lands and across the Western United States. Vegetation across the Southwestern United States is susceptible to drought conditions and fluctuating water availability. Remotely sensed vegetation indices can be used to measure and monitor spatial and temporal vegetative response to fluctuating water availability conditions. We used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index II (MSAVI2) to measure the condition of three dominant vegetation types (ponderosa pine forest, woodland, and grassland) in response to two fluctuating environmental variables: precipitation and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The study period covered 2002 through 2014 and focused on a region within the San Carlos Apache Reservation. We determined that grassland and woodland had a similar moderate to strong, year-round, positive relationship with precipitation as well as with summer SPEI. This suggests that these vegetation types respond negatively to drought conditions and are more susceptible to initial precipitation deficits. Ponderosa pine forest had a comparatively weaker relationship with monthly precipitation and summer SPEI, indicating that it is more buffered against short-term drought conditions. This research highlights the response of multiple, dominant vegetation types to seasonal and inter-annual water availability. This research demonstrates that multi-temporal remote sensing imagery can be an effective tool for the large scale detection of vegetation response to adverse impacts from climate change and support potential management practices such as increased monitoring and management of drought-affected areas. Different vegetation types displayed various responses to water availability, further highlighting the need for individual management plans for forest and woodland, especially considering the projected drier conditions in the Southwest U.S. and other arid or semi-arid regions around the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.012","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R., Wu, Z., McVay, J., Middleton, B.R., Dye, D.G., and Vogel, J.M., 2016, Vegetative response to water availability on the San Carlos Apache Reservation: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 378, p. 14-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-076045","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Carlos Apache Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.30,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -110.30,\n 34.0\n ],\n [\n -109.30,\n 34.0\n ],\n [\n -109.30,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -110.30,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"378","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da66a6e4b090824ffb164e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Zhuoting 0000-0001-7393-1832 zwu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832","contributorId":4953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Zhuoting","email":"zwu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McVay, Jason jcmcvay@usgs.gov","contributorId":140042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVay","given":"Jason","email":"jcmcvay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R. 0000-0001-8924-4121 bmiddleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-4121","contributorId":3947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","email":"bmiddleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dye, Dennis G. 0000-0002-7100-272X ddye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-272X","contributorId":4233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Dennis","email":"ddye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vogel, John M. 0000-0002-8226-1188 jvogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-1188","contributorId":3167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","email":"jvogel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}