{"pageNumber":"1076","pageRowStart":"26875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70026450,"text":"70026450 - 2004 - Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026450","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","docAbstract":"Volatilization rates of neat liquids (benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) and of solutes (phenol, m-cresol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and ethylene dibromide) from dilute water solutions have been measured in the laboratory over a wide range of air speeds and water-stirring rates. The overall transfer coefficients (KL) for individual solutes are independent of whether they are in single- or multi-solute solutions. The gas-film transfer coefficients (kG) for solutes in the two-film model, which have hitherto been estimated by extrapolation from reference coefficients, can now be determined directly from the volatilization rates of neatliquids through anew algorithm. The associated liquid-film transfer coefficients (KL) can then be obtained from measured KL and kG values and solute Henry law constants (H). This approach provides a novel means for checking the precision of any kL and kG estimation methods for ultimate prediction of KL. The improved kG estimation enables accurate K L predictions for low-volatility (i.e., low-H) solutes where K L and kGH are essentially equal. In addition, the prediction of KL values for high-volatility (i.e., high-H) solutes, where KL ??? kL, is also improved by using appropriate reference kL values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0353964","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Chao, H., Chiou, C.T., and Manes, M., 2004, Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 16, p. 4327-4333, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0353964.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4333","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0353964"},{"id":234442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f2e4b08c986b327b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-F.","contributorId":22910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, H.-P.","contributorId":22945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"H.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026446,"text":"70026446 - 2004 - Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:23:40","indexId":"70026446","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","docAbstract":"<p>The food security problem in Africa is tied to the small farmer, whose subsistence farming relies heavily on rain-fed agriculture. A dry spell lasting two to three weeks can cause a significant yield reduction. A small-scale irrigation scheme from small-capacity ponds can alleviate this problem. This solution would require a water harvest mechanism at a farm level. In this study, we looked at the feasibility of implementing such a water harvest mechanism in drought prone parts of Africa. A water balance study was conducted at different watershed levels. Runoff (watershed yield) was estimated using the SCS curve number technique and satellite derived rainfall estimates (RFE). Watersheds were delineated from the Africa-wide HYDRO-1K digital elevation model (DEM) data set in a GIS environment. Annual runoff volumes that can potentially be stored in a pond during storm events were estimated as the product of the watershed area and runoff excess estimated from the SCS Curve Number method. Estimates were made for seepage and net evaporation losses. A series of water harvest index maps were developed based on a combination of factors that took into account the availability of runoff, evaporation losses, population density, and the required watershed size needed to fill a small storage reservoir that can be used to alleviate water stress during a crop growing season. This study presents Africa-wide water-harvest index maps that could be used for conducting feasibility studies at a regional scale in assessing the relative differences in runoff potential between regions for the possibility of using ponds as a water management tool. ?? 2004 American Society of Agricultural Engineers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.17725","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., and Verdin, J., 2004, Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 20, no. 6, p. 789-799, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17725.","startPage":"789","endPage":"799","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0010e4b0c8380cd4f582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026445,"text":"70026445 - 2004 - Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T15:55:25.747366","indexId":"70026445","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Adult movement and natal dispersal data demonstrate that Northern Goshawks (<i>Accipiter gentilis</i>) are able to travel over long distances, suggesting a large functional population. However, these data are unable to determine whether these movements contribute to gene flow among adjacent breeding areas. We used eight microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence data to assess population structure of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah. Goshawks had moderate levels of genetic variation at microsatellite loci (observed heterozygosity = 50%), similar to levels found in other medium-sized, highly mobile birds. Overall estimates of interpopulation variance in microsatellite alleles (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 0.011</span>) and mtDNA haplotypes (<span>Φ</span><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.126</span>) were low and not significantly different from zero. Pairwise population comparisons using microsatellite markers revealed no differentiation among sampled sites, indicating that the functional population extends beyond Utah. However, pairwise population analyses of mtDNA uncovered a single case of differentiation between goshawks inhabiting Ashley National Forest, in northeastern Utah, and Dixie National Forest, in southwestern Utah. Low levels of population structuring observed in mtDNA between the two forests may be due to the smaller effective population size sampled by mtDNA, a cline of haplotypes across the West, or the presence of a contact zone between <i>A. g. atricapillus</i> and goshawks of southern Arizona and the Mexican Plateau.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1650/7448","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Talbot, S.L., and White, C., 2004, Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 826-836, https://doi.org/10.1650/7448.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"836","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0283203125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f9e4b0c8380cd54c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.M.","contributorId":97459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026443,"text":"70026443 - 2004 - Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026443","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","docAbstract":"A two-threshold model was proposed for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches. It was found that the sizes of the largest avalanches just preceding the lattice system were power-law distributed. The proposed model reproduced the range of power-law exponents observe for land, rock or snow avalanches, by tuning the maximum value of the ratio of the two failure thresholds. A two-threshold 2D cellular automation was introduced to study the scaling for gravity-driven systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001","issn":"00319007","usgsCitation":"Faillettaz, J., Louchet, F., and Grasso, J., 2004, Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches: Physical Review Letters, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478208,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001"},{"id":234371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a4e4b08c986b327cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faillettaz, J.","contributorId":58817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faillettaz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Louchet, F.","contributorId":46737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louchet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grasso, J.-R.","contributorId":63999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"J.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026433,"text":"70026433 - 2004 - Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026433","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California","docAbstract":"We examine the role of preexisting crustal structure within the Peninsular Ranges batholith on determining the location of the San Jacinto fault zone by analysis of geophysical anomalies and initial strontium ratio data. A 1000-km-long boundary within the Peninsular Ranges batholith, separating relatively mafic, dense, and magnetic rocks of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith from the more felsic, less dense, and weakly magnetic rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith, strikes north-northwest toward the San Jacinto fault zone. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic field anomalies caused by this boundary indicates that it extends to depths of at least 20 km. The anomalies do not cross the San Jacinto fault zone, but instead trend northwesterly and coincide with the fault zone. A 75-km-long gradient in initial strontium ratios (Sri) in the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith coincides with the San Jacinto fault zone. Here rocks east of the fault are characterized by Sri greater than 0.706, indicating a source of largely continental crust, sedimentary materials, or different lithosphere. We argue that the physical property contrast produced by the Peninsular Ranges batholith boundary provided a mechanically favorable path for the San Jacinto fault zone, bypassing the San Gorgonio structural knot as slip was transferred from the San Andreas fault 1.0-1.5 Ma. Two historical M6.7 earthquakes may have nucleated along the Peninsular Ranges batholith discontinuity in San Jacinto Valley, suggesting that Peninsular Ranges batholith crustal structure may continue to affect how strain is accommodated along the San Jacinto fault zone. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25277.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Matti, J.C., 2004, Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 9-10, p. 1143-1157, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25277.1"},{"id":234230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2801e4b0c8380cd59d4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026432,"text":"70026432 - 2004 - Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:03:13","indexId":"70026432","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","docAbstract":"Profiles of <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + <240</sup>Pu from sediment cores collected throughout Massachusetts Bay (water depths of 36-192 m) are interpreted with the aid of a numerical sediment-mixing model to infer bioturbation depths, rates and processes. The nuclide data suggest extensive bioturbation to depths of 25-35 cm. Roughly half the cores have <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + 240</sup>Pu profiles that decrease monotonically from the surface and are consistent with biodiffusive mixing. Bioturbation rates are reasonably well constrained by these profiles and vary from ~0.7 to ~40 cm<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. As a result of this extensive reworking, however, sediment ages cannot be accurately determined from these radionuclides and only upper limits on sedimentation rates (of ~0.3 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>) can be inferred. The other half of the radionuclide profiles are characterized by subsurface maxima in each nuclide, which cannot be reproduced by biodiffusive mixing models. A numerical model is used to demonstrate that mixing caused by organisms that feed at the sediment surface and defecate below the surface can cause the subsurface maxima, as suggested by previous work. The deep penetration depths of excess <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>239 + 240</sup>Pu suggest either that the organisms release material over a range of >15 cm depth or that biodiffusive mixing mediated by other organisms is occurring at depth. Additional constraints from surficial sediment <sup>234</sup>Th data suggest that in this half of the cores, the vast majority of the present-day flux of recent, nuclide-bearing material to these core sites is transported over a timescale of a month or more to a depth of a few centimeters below the sediment surface. As a consequence of the complex mixing processes, surface sediments include material spanning a range of ages and will not accurately record recent changes in contaminant deposition.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Bothner, M., and Sommerfield, C.K., 2004, Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 61, no. 4, p. 643-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"655","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.864609,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.273564 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a5e4b0c8380cd4ad6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sommerfield, Christopher K.","contributorId":9820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026429,"text":"70026429 - 2004 - Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026429","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","docAbstract":"During the rainstorm of June 27, 1995, roughly 330-750 mm of rain fell within a 16-hour period, initiating floods and over 600 debris flows in a small area (130 km2) of Madison County, VA. We developed a distributed version of Iverson's transient response model for regional slope stability analysis for the Madison County debris flows. This version of the model evaluates pore-pressure head response and factor of safety on a regional scale in areas prone to rainfall-induced shallow (<2-3 m) landslides. These calculations used soil properties of shear strength and hydraulic conductivity from laboratory measurements of soil samples collected from field sites where debris flows initiated. Rainfall data collected by radar every 6 minutes provided a basis for calculating the temporal variation of slope stability during the storm. The results demonstrate that the spatial and temporal variation of the factor of safety correlates with the movement of the storm cell. When the rainstorm was treated as two separate rainfall events and a larger hydraulic conductivity and friction angle than the laboratory values were used, the timing and location of landslides predicted by the model were in closer agreement with eyewitness observations of debris flows. Application of spatially variable initial pre-storm water table depth and soil properties may improve both the spatial and temporal prediction of instability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/10.4.285","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Wieczorek, G.F., and Morgan, B., 2004, Transient hazard model using radar data for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 10, no. 4, p. 285-296, https://doi.org/10.2113/10.4.285.","startPage":"285","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/10.4.285"},{"id":234162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb700e4b08c986b326fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026428,"text":"70026428 - 2004 - Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026428","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay","docAbstract":"This study used telemetry to determine spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus. We attached combined acoustic and radio transmitters to 12 gravid female horseshoe crabs at Ted Harvey Beach and 12 at North Bowers Beach (both on the western shore of Delaware Bay) over a 5-d period before peak spawning on the new moon. Horseshoe crabs were acoustically tracked and radio-tracked daily for 8 d during both high tides and during the incoming dominant (higher) high tide. All horseshoe crabs were relocated at least once, and 83% of females spawned from two to six times (x?? = 3.35, SE = 0.18). Of these females, 85% spawned on two to five consecutive nights (x?? = 3.31, SE = 0.59). Most (95%) females spawned on the beaches where they were initially tagged. Typically, the shoreline used by an individual for spawning ranged from 70 to 1,160 m (x?? = 351 m, SE = 38 m). Between spawning events, horseshoe crabs remained 50-715 m offshore (x?? = 299 m, SE = 57 m) from their established spawning beaches. Following the new moon, all but one (96%) moved out of range of our survey area, which extended approximately 1 km from the shoreline. Multistate mark-recapture models were used to estimate recapture probabilities and daily probabilities of spawning and departure from the vicinity of the spawning beaches. The probability of recapture by acoustic telemetry was high and estimated to be 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.99). Horseshoe crabs equipped with acoustic and radio transmitters have high rates of recapture, can be tracked continually, and can be relocated in both foreshore and inshore habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Brousseau, L.J., Sclafani, M., Smith, D., and Carter, D.B., 2004, Acoustic-tracking and radio-tracking of horseshoe crabs to assess spawning behavior and subtidal habitat use in delaware bay: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1376-1384, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1376","endPage":"1384","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2004)24<1376:AAROHC>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a2e4b0c8380cd47550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brousseau, L. J.","contributorId":24534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brousseau","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sclafani, M.","contributorId":73381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sclafani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Daniel B.","contributorId":18880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026422,"text":"70026422 - 2004 - Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:29:17.930274","indexId":"70026422","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"We perform inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the M 7.9 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake to shed light on the rupture process and dynamics of this event, which took place on a geometrically complex fault system in central Alaska. We use a combination of local seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) data for our kinematic inversion and find that the slip distribution of this event is characterized by three major asperities on the Denali fault. The rupture nucleated on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, and after a pause, propagated onto the strike-slip Denali fault. Approximately 216 km to the east, the rupture abandoned the Denali fault in favor of the more southwesterly directed Totschunda fault. Three-dimensional dynamic models of this event indicate that the abandonment of the Denali fault for the Totschunda fault can be explained by the Totschunda fault's more favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field. However, a uniform tectonic stress field cannot explain the complex slip pattern in this event. We also find that our dynamic models predict discontinuous rupture from the Denali to Totschunda fault segments. Such discontinuous rupture helps to qualitatively improve our kinematic inverse models. Two principal implications of our study are (1) a combination of inverse and forward modeling can bring insight into earthquake processes that are not possible with either technique alone, and (2) the stress field on geometrically complex fault systems is most likely not due to a uniform tectonic stress field that is resolved onto fault segments of different orientations; rather, other forms of stress heterogeneity must be invoked to explain the observed slip patterns.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040620","usgsCitation":"Oglesby, D., Dreger, D.S., Harris, R., Ratchkovski, N., and Hansen, R., 2004, Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S214-S233, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040620.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"S214","endPage":"S233","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4892578125,\n              59.265880628258095\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.228515625,\n              59.44507509904714\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.26171875,\n              63.450509218001095\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8212890625,\n              63.80189351770543\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6884765625,\n              63.6267446447533\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              63.15435519659187\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ce4b0c8380cd63c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oglesby, D. D.","contributorId":23315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":17404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N.","contributorId":89316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026419,"text":"70026419 - 2004 - DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:42:15.509265","indexId":"70026419","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","docAbstract":"In this study we generated a relative Digital Elevation Model (DEM) over the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using ERS1/2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data. Four repeat pass differential interferograms are used to find the grounding zone and to classify the study area. An interferometrically derived DEM is compared with laser altimetry profile from ICESat. Standard deviation of the relative height difference is 5.12 m and 1.34 m in total length of the profile and at the center of the profile respectively. The magnitude and the direction of tidal changes estimated from interferogram are compared with those predicted tidal differences from four ocean tide models. Tidal deformation measured in InSAR is -16.7 cm and it agrees well within 3 cm with predicted ones from tide models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"60th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation","conferenceDate":"Jun 7-9, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Dayton, OH","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Navigation","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Kwoun, O., Bassler, M., Lu, Z., Shum, C., and Dietrich, R., 2004, DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation, Dayton, OH, Jun 7-9, 2004, p. 424-430.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ion.org/publications/browse.cfm?proceedingsID=3"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Sulzberger Ice Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd3fe4b0c8380cd4e6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassler, M.","contributorId":71736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietrich, R.","contributorId":28412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026413,"text":"70026413 - 2004 - Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026413","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1535,"text":"Environmental Engineering Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage","docAbstract":"Limestone has potential for reducing reagent costs and sludge volume associated with the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), but its use has been restricted by slow dissolution rates and sensitivity to scale forming reactions that retard transport of H+ at the solid-liquid interface. We evaluated a pulsed limestone bed (PLB) remediation process designed to circumvent these problems through use of intermittently fluidized beds of granular limestone and elevated carbon dioxide pressure. PLB limestone dissolution (LD, mg/L), and effluent alkalinity (Alk, mg/L) were correlated with reactor pressure (PCO2, kPa), influent acidity (Acy, mg/L) and reactor bed height (H, cm) using a prototype capable of processing 10 L/min. The PLB process effectively neutralized sulfuric acid acidity over the range of 6-1033 mg/L (as CaCO3) while generating high concentrations of alkalinity (36-1086 mg/L) despite a hydraulic residence time of just 4.2-5.0 min. Alk and LD (mg/L CaCO3) rose with increases in influent acidity and PCO2 (p < 0.001) according to the models: Alk = 58 + 38.4 (PCO2)0.5 + 0.080 (Acy) - 0.0059(PCO2) 0.5 (Acy); LD = 55 + 38.3 (PCO2)0.5 + 1.08 (Acy) - 0.0059 (PCO2)0.5 (Acy). Alkalinity decreased at an increasing rate with reductions in H over the range of 27.3-77.5 cm (p < 0.001). Carbon dioxide requirements (Q(avg)CO2, L/min) increased with PCO2 (p < 0.001) following the model Q(avg)CO2 = 0.858 (PCO2)0.620, resulting in a greater degree of pH buffering (depression) within the reactors, a rise in limestone solubility and an increase in limestone dissolution related to carbonic acid attack. Corresponding elevated concentrations of effluent alkalinity allow for sidestream treatment with blending. Numerical modeling demonstrated that carbon dioxide requirements are reduced as influent acidity rises and when carbon dioxide is recovered from system effluent and recycled. Field trials demonstrated that the PLB process is capable of raising the pH of AMD above that required for hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe3+ and Al 3+ but not Fe2+ and Mn2+.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Engineering Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ees.2004.21.786","issn":"10928758","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Sibrell, P., and Schwartz, M., 2004, Effect of acidity and elevated PCO2 on acid. Neutralization within pulsed limestone bed reactors receiving coal mine drainage: Environmental Engineering Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 786-802, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.786.","startPage":"786","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.786"},{"id":234475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bce4b0c8380cd50f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, M.F.","contributorId":91442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026411,"text":"70026411 - 2004 - Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T17:03:56.281059","indexId":"70026411","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking","docAbstract":"Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these listed streams and rivers. Information regarding the major fecal coliform sources that impair surface water quality would enhance the development of effective watershed models and improve TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is a recently developed technology for identifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria and it may be helpful in generating improved TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking was performed, watershed models were developed, and TMDLs were prepared for three streams (Accotink Creek, Christians Creek, and Blacks Run) on Virginia's 303(d) list of impaired waters. Quality assurance of the BST work suggests that these data adequately describe the bacteria sources that are impairing these streams. Initial comparison of simulated bacterial sources with the observed BST data indicated that the fecal coliform sources were represented inaccurately in the initial model simulation. Revised model simulations (based on BST data) appeared to provide a better representation of the sources of fecal coliform bacteria in these three streams. The coupled approach of incorporating BST data into the fecal coliform transport model appears to reduce model uncertainty and should result in an improved TMDL.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01602.x","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., and Moyer, D., 2004, Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1511-1526, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01602.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1526","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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L. 0000-0001-6330-478X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":26862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026404,"text":"70026404 - 2004 - Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:51:15","indexId":"70026404","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying carbon dynamics over large areas is frequently hindered by the lack of consistent, high-quality, spatially explicit land use and land cover change databases and appropriate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a generic approach to address some of these challenges. Land cover change information in the Southeastern Plains ecoregion was derived from Landsat data acquired in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 within 11 randomly located 20-km × 20-km sample blocks. Carbon dynamics within each of the sample blocks was simulated using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), capable of assimilating the variances and covariance of major input variables into simulations using an ensemble approach. Results indicate that urban and forest areas have been increasing, whereas agricultural land has been decreasing since 1973. Forest clear-cutting activity has intensified, more than doubling from 1973 to 2000. The Southeastern Plains has been acting as a carbon sink since 1973, with an average rate of 0.89 Mg C/ha/yr. Biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), and harvested materials account for 56%, 34%, and 10% of the sink, respectively. However, the sink has declined continuously during the same period owing to forest aging in the northern part of the ecoregion and increased forest clear-cutting activities in the south. The relative contributions to the sink from SOC and harvested materials have increased, implying that these components deserve more study in the future. The methods developed here can be used to quantify the impacts of human management activities on the carbon cycle at landscape to global scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Loveland, T., and Kurtz, R., 2004, Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. S1, p. S442-S456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S442","endPage":"S456","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, R.M.","contributorId":51958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026403,"text":"70026403 - 2004 - Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026403","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin","docAbstract":"Passive microwave observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - EOS (AMSR-E) and from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are used to analyse the evolution of the snow pack in the Ob river basin during the snow season of 2002-03. The Ob river is the biggest Russian river with respect to its watershed area (2 975 000 km2). The Ob originates in the Altai mountains and flows northward across the vast West Siberian lowland towards the Arctic Ocean. The majority of snow cover is contained in the lowlands rather than in mountainous regions and persists for six months or more. During the snow season, surface air temperatures are very cold. Therefore, the combination of cold dry snow and large areas of uniform topography is ideal for snowpack extent and water equivalent retrievals from passive microwave observations. The thermal gradient through the snow pack is estimated and used to model the growth of the snow grain size and to compute the evolution of the passive microwave derived snow depth over the region. A comparison between the AMSR-E and SSM/I estimates is performed and the differences between the snow parameters from the two satellite instruments are analysed.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mognard, N.M., Grippa, M., LeToan, T., Kelly, R., Chang, A., and Josberger, E., 2004, Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 6, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004.","startPage":"3713","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ee4b0c8380cd4cf83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grippa, M.","contributorId":82098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grippa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeToan, T.","contributorId":103448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeToan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.E.J.","contributorId":76521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chang, A.T.C.","contributorId":68035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"A.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026395,"text":"70026395 - 2004 - Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:29:46.553962","indexId":"70026395","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves","docAbstract":"<p>Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 (<i>M</i><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;7.9,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;8.1</span>). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (<span>∼0.1–5.0 Hz</span>) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started as a <span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;7.3</span> thrust event. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip rupture events with centroid depths of 9 km occurred about 22 and 49 sec later. The teleseismic <i>P</i> waves are dominated by energy at intermediate frequencies (0.1-1 Hz) radiated by the thrust event, while the <i>SH</i> waves are dominated by energy at lower frequencies (0.05-0.2 Hz) radiated by the strike-slip events. The strike-slip events exhibit strong directivity in the teleseismic <i>SH</i> waves. Correcting the recorded <i>P</i>-wave acceleration spectra for the effect of the free surface yields an estimate of <span>2.8 × 10</span><sup>15</sup> N m for the energy radiated by the thrust event. Correcting the recorded <i>SH</i>-wave acceleration spectra similarly yields an estimate of <span>3.3 × 10</span><sup>16</sup> N m for the energy radiated by the two strike-slip events. The average rupture velocity for the strike-slip rupture process is <span>1.1</span><i>β</i><span>–1.2</span><i>β</i>. The strike-slip events were located 90 and 188 km east of the epicenter. The rupture length over which significant or resolvable energy is radiated is, thus, far shorter than the 340-km fault length over which surface displacements were observed. However, the seismic moment released by these three events, <span>4 × 10</span><sup>20</sup> N m, was approximately half the seismic moment determined from very low-frequency analyses of the earthquake. The difference in seismic moment can be reasonably attributed to slip on fault segments that did not radiate significant or coherent seismic energy. These results suggest that very large and great strike-slip earthquakes can generate stress pulses that rapidly produce substantial slip with negligible stress drop and little discernible radiated energy on fault segments distant from the initial point of nucleation. The existence of this energy-deficient rupture mode has important implications for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of very large strike-slip earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040605","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Boatwright, J., 2004, Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S269-S277, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040605.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S269","endPage":"S277","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4892578125,\n              59.265880628258095\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.228515625,\n              59.44507509904714\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.26171875,\n              63.450509218001095\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8212890625,\n              63.80189351770543\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6884765625,\n              63.6267446447533\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              63.15435519659187\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9392e4b0c8380cd80ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026394,"text":"70026394 - 2004 - Near-source ground motions from simulations of sustained intersonic and supersonic fault ruptures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:08:20","indexId":"70026394","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-source ground motions from simulations of sustained intersonic and supersonic fault ruptures","docAbstract":"We examine the long-period near-source ground motions from simulations of M 7.4 events on a strike-slip fault using kinematic ruptures with rupture speeds that range from subshear speeds through intersonic speeds to supersonic speeds. The strong along-strike shear-wave directivity present in scenarios with subshear rupture speeds disappears in the scenarios with ruptures propagating faster than the shear-wave speed. Furthermore, the maximum horizontal displacements and velocities rotate from generally fault-perpendicular orientations at subshear rupture speeds to generally fault-parallel orientations at supersonic rupture speeds. For rupture speeds just above the shear-wave speed, the orientations are spatially heterogeneous as a result of the random nature of our assumed slip model. At locations within a few kilometers of the rupture, the time histories of the polarization of the horizontal motion provide a better diagnostic with which to gauge the rupture speed than the orientation of the peak motion. Subshear ruptures are associated with significant fault-perpendicular motion before fault-parallel motion close to the fault; supershear ruptures are associated with fault-perpendicular motion after significant fault-parallel motion. Consistent with previous studies, we do not find evidence for prolonged supershear rupture in the long-period (>2 sec) ground motions from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. However, we are unable to resolve the issue of whether a limited portion of the rupture (approximately 10 km in length) propagated faster than the shear-wave speed. Additionally, a recording from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake does appear to be qualitatively consistent with locally supershear rupture. Stronger evidence for supershear rupture in earthquakes may require very dense station coverage in order to capture these potentially distinguishing traits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030249","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., and Heaton, T.H., 2004, Near-source ground motions from simulations of sustained intersonic and supersonic fault ruptures: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6, p. 2064-2078, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030249.","startPage":"2064","endPage":"2078","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478137,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121120-093501207","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030249"}],"volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6400e4b0c8380cd727f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026391,"text":"70026391 - 2004 - Multi-state analysis of the impacts of avian pox on a population of Serins (Serinus serinus): The importance of estimating recapture rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026391","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-state analysis of the impacts of avian pox on a population of Serins (Serinus serinus): The importance of estimating recapture rates","docAbstract":"Disease is one of the evolutionary forces shaping populations. Recent studies have shown that epidemics like avian pox, malaria, or mycoplasmosis have affected passerine population dynamics, being responsible for the decline of some populations or disproportionately killing males and larger individuals and thus selecting for specific morphotypes. However, few studies have estimated the effects of an epidemic by following individual birds using the capture-recapture approach. Because avian pox can be diagnosed by direct examination of the birds, we are here able to analyze, using multistate models, the development and consequences of an avian pox epidemic affecting in 1996, a population of Serins (Serinus serinus) in northeastern Spain. The epidemics lasted from June to the end of November of 1996, with a maximum apparent prevalence rate > 30% in October. However, recapture rate of sick birds was very high (0.81, range 0.37-0.93) compared to that of healthy birds (0.21, range 0.020-32), which highly inflated apparent prevalence rate. This was additionally supported by the low predicted transition from the state of being uninfected to the state of being infected (0.03, SE 0.03). Once infected, Serin avian pox was very virulent with (15-day) survival rate of infected birds being of only 0.46 (SE 0.17) compared to that of healthy ones (0.87, SE 0.03). Probability of recovery from disease, provided that the bird survived the first two weeks, however, was very high (0.65, SE 0.25). The use of these estimates together with a simple model, allowed us to predict an asymptotic increase to prevalence of about 4% by the end of the outbreak period, followed by a sharp decline, with the only remaining infestations being infected birds that had not yet recovered. This is in contrast to the apparent prevalence of pox and stresses the need to estimate recapture rates when estimating population dynamics parameters. ?? 2004 Museu de Cie??ncies Naturals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1578665X","usgsCitation":"Senar, J., and Conroy, M., 2004, Multi-state analysis of the impacts of avian pox on a population of Serins (Serinus serinus): The importance of estimating recapture rates: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 133-146.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fcbe4b0c8380cd7113d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senar, J.C.","contributorId":73317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senar","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026377,"text":"70026377 - 2004 - Landsat-5 TM reflective-band absolute radiometric calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:46:33","indexId":"70026377","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-5 TM reflective-band absolute radiometric calibration","docAbstract":"The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provides the longest running continuous dataset of moderate spatial resolution remote sensing imagery, dating back to its launch in March 1984. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for this imagery used the instrument's response to the Internal Calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset of each detector. Due to observed degradations in the IC, a new procedure was implemented for U.S.-processed data in May 2003. This new calibration procedure is based on a lifetime radiometric calibration model for the instrument's reflective bands (1-5 and 7) and is derived, in part, from the IC response without the related degradation effects and is tied to the cross calibration with the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus. Reflective-band absolute radiometric accuracy of the instrument tends to be on the order of 7% to 10%, based on a variety of calibration methods.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.836388","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Helder, D., Markham, B.L., Dewald, J., Kaita, E., Thome, K.J., Micijevic, E., and Ruggles, T., 2004, Landsat-5 TM reflective-band absolute radiometric calibration: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2747-2760, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.836388.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2747","endPage":"2760","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.836388"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f0e4b0c8380cd666fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewald, J.D.","contributorId":99014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewald","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaita, E.","contributorId":73777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaita","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ruggles, T.A.","contributorId":42496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggles","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026372,"text":"70026372 - 2004 - Genetic structure of cougar populations across the Wyoming basin: Metapopulation or megapopulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026372","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of cougar populations across the Wyoming basin: Metapopulation or megapopulation","docAbstract":"We examined the genetic structure of 5 Wyoming cougar (Puma concolor) populations surrounding the Wyoming Basin, as well as a population from southwestern Colorado. When using 9 microsatellite DNA loci, observed heterozygosity was similar among populations (HO = 0.49-0.59) and intermediate to that of other large carnivores. Estimates of genetic structure (FST = 0.028, RST = 0.029) and number of migrants per generation (Nm) suggested high gene flow. Nm was lowest between distant populations and highest among adjacent populations. Examination of these data, plus Mantel test results of genetic versus geographic distance (P ??? 0.01), suggested both isolation by distance and an effect of habitat matrix. Bayesian assignment to population based on individual genotypes showed that cougars in this region were best described as a single panmictic population. Total effective population size for cougars in this region ranged from 1,797 to 4,532 depending on mutation model and analytical method used. Based on measures of gene flow, extinction risk in the near future appears low. We found no support for the existence of metapopulation structure among cougars in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/BEL-111.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, D., 2004, Genetic structure of cougar populations across the Wyoming basin: Metapopulation or megapopulation: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 6, p. 1207-1214, https://doi.org/10.1644/BEL-111.1.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1214","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BEL-111.1"},{"id":234368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1585e4b0c8380cd54e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, C.R. Jr.","contributorId":69340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindzey, F.G.","contributorId":12660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, D.B.","contributorId":82032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026371,"text":"70026371 - 2004 - Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:59:47.056133","indexId":"70026371","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","docAbstract":"<p>Stress transfer from the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake is modeled on the Denali fault, including the Denali-Totschunda fault segments that ruptured in 2002, and on other regional fault systems where M 7.5 and larger earthquakes have occurred since 1900. The results indicate that analysis of Coulomb stress transfer from the dominant earthquake in a region is a potentially powerful tool in assessing time-varying earthquake hazard. Modeled Coulomb stress increases on the northern Denali and Totschunda faults from the great 1964 earthquake coincide with zones that ruptured in the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, although stress on the Susitna Glacier thrust plane, where the 2002 event initiated, was decreased. A southeasterlytrending Coulomb stress transect along the right-lateral Totschunda-Fairweather-Queen Charlotte trend shows stress transfer from the 1964 event advancing slip on the Totschunda, Fairweather, and Queen Charlotte segments, including the southern Fairweather segment that ruptured in 1972. Stress transfer retarding right-lateral strike slip was observed from the southern part of the Totschunda fault to the northern end of the Fairweather fault (1958 rupture). This region encompasses a gap with shallow thrust faulting but with little evidence of strike-slip faulting connecting the segments to the northwest and southeast. Stress transfer toward failure was computed on the north-south trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in the Gulf of Alaska that ruptured in 1987 and 1988, with inhibitory stress changes at the northern end of the northernmost (1987) rupture. The northern Denali and Totschunda faults, including the zones that ruptured in the 2002 earthquakes, follow very closely (within 3%), for about <span>90°</span>, an arc of a circle of radius 375 km. The center of this circle is within a few kilometers of the intersection at depth of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust. This inferred asperity edge may be the pole of counterclockwise rotation of the block south of the Denali fault. These observations suggest that the asperity and its recurrent rupture in great earthquakes as in 1964 may have influenced the tectonics of the region during the later stages of evolution of the Denali strike-slip fault system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040622","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. 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,{"id":70026367,"text":"70026367 - 2004 - Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:30:37.661319","indexId":"70026367","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>We have estimated patterns and rates of crustal movement across 800 km of the Basin and Range at ∼39° north latitude with Global Positioning System surveys in 1992, 1996, 1998, and 2002. The total rate of motion tangent to the small circle around the Pacific‐North America pole of rotation is 10.4 ± 1.0 mm/yr, and motion normal to this small circle is 3.9 ± 0.9 mm/yr compared to the east end of our network. On the Colorado Plateau the east end of our network moves by ∼1–2 mm/yr westerly with respect to North America. Transitions in strain rates delimit six major tectonic domains within the province. These deformation zones coincide with areas of modern seismicity and are, from east to west, (1) east‐west extension in the Wasatch Fault zone, (2) low rate east‐west extension centered near the Nevada‐Utah border, (3) low rate east‐west contraction between 114.7°W and 117.9°W, (4) extension normal to and strike‐slip motion across the N10°E striking Central Nevada Seismic Zone, (5) right lateral simple shear oriented N13°W inside the Walker Lane Belt, and (6) shear plus extension near the Sierra Nevada frontal faults. Concentration of shear and dilatational deformation across the three westernmost zones suggests that the Walker Lane Belt lithosphere is rheologically weak. However, we show that linear gradients in viscosity and gravitational potential energy can also effectively concentrate deformation. In the Basin and Range, gradients in gravitational potential are spatially anticorrelated with dilatational strain rates, consistent with the presence of horizontal variations in viscosity of the lithosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002746","usgsCitation":"Hammond, W., and Thatcher, W., 2004, Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. B8, B08403, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002746.","productDescription":"B08403, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478056,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.180.2817","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/2003JB002746"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4ce4b0c8380cd4da24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, W.C.","contributorId":19347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026366,"text":"70026366 - 2004 - Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026366","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama","docAbstract":"The mineralogic residence and abundance of trace metals is an important environmental issue. Data from the USGS coal quality database show that potentially toxic elements, including Hg, As, Mo, Se, Cu, and Tl are enriched in a subset of coal samples in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, USA. Although the coal as-mined typically is low in these elements, localized enrichments occur in high-pyrite coals and near faults. Microscopic analyses demonstrate that the residence of these elements is dominantly in a late-stage pyrite associated with structurally disrupted coal. Further, our data suggest addition of Hg to the coal matrix as well. The source of these trace elements was hydrothermal fluids driven into the Black Warrior Basin by Alleghanian age tectonism. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Diehl, S.F., Goldhaber, M., and Hatch, J.R., 2004, Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, no. 3-4, p. 193-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003.","startPage":"193","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003"},{"id":234262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca8e4b0c8380cd6fe6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, S. F.","contributorId":84780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, J. R.","contributorId":14775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026365,"text":"70026365 - 2004 - Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026365","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help","docAbstract":"Many species of bird exhibit varying degrees of site-fidelity to the previous year's territory or breeding area, a phenomenon we refer to as incomplete breeding site-fidelity. If the territory they occupy is located beyond the bounds of the study area or search area (i.e., they have emigrated from the study area), the bird will go undetected and is therefore indistinguishable from dead individuals in capture-mark-recapture studies. Differential emigration rates confound inferences regarding differences in survival between sexes and among species if apparent survival rates are used as estimates of true survival. Moreover, the bias introduced by using apparent survival rates for true survival rates can have profound effects on the predictions of population persistence through time, source/sink dynamics, and other aspects of life-history theory. We investigated four study design and analysis approaches that result in apparent survival estimates that are closer to true survival estimates. Our motivation for this research stemmed from a multi-year capture-recapture study of Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea) on multiple study plots within a larger landscape of suitable breeding habitat where substantial inter-annual movements of marked individuals among neighboring study plots was documented. We wished to quantify the effects of this type of movement on annual survival estimation. The first two study designs we investigated involved marking birds in a core area and resighting them in the core as well as an area surrounding the core. For the first of these two designs, we demonstrated that as the resighting area surrounding the core gets progressively larger, and more \"emigrants\" are resighted, apparent survival estimates begin to approximate true survival rates (bias < 0.01). However, given observed inter-annual movements of birds, it is likely to be logistically impractical to resight birds on sufficiently large surrounding areas to minimize bias. Therefore, as an alternative protocol, we analyzed the data with subsets of three progressively larger areas surrounding the core. The data subsets provided four estimates of apparent survival that asymptotically approached true survival. This study design and analytical approach is likely to be logistically feasible in field settings and yields estimates of true survival unbiased (bias < 0.03) by incomplete breeding site-fidelity over a range of inter-annual territory movement patterns. The third approach we investigated used a robust design data collection and analysis approach. This approach resulted in estimates of survival that were unbiased (bias < 0.02), but were very imprecise and likely would not yield reliable estimates in field situations. The fourth approach utilized a fixed study area size, but modeled detection probability as a function of bird proximity to the study plot boundary (e.g., those birds closest to the edge are more likely to emigrate). This approach also resulted in estimates of survival that were unbiased (bias < 0.02), but because the individual covariates were normalized, the average capture probability was 0.50, and thus did not provide an accurate estimate of the true capture probability. Our results show that the core-area with surrounding resight-only can provide estimates of survival that are not biased by the effects of incomplete breeding site-fidelity. ?? 2004 Museu de Cie??ncies Naturals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1578665X","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M., Diefenbach, D., Wood, L., and Cooper, R., 2004, Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 59-72.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec39e4b0c8380cd49135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, M.R.","contributorId":82427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, L.A.","contributorId":10785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026363,"text":"70026363 - 2004 - In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:00:46","indexId":"70026363","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe","docAbstract":"<p><span>The absolute radiometric accuracy of the thermal infrared band (B6) of the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument on the Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was assessed over a period of approximately four years using data from the Lake Tahoe automated validation site (California-Nevada). The Lake Tahoe site was established in July 1999, and measurements of the skin and bulk temperature have been made approximately every 2 min from four permanently moored buoys since mid-1999. Assessment involved using a radiative transfer model to propagate surface skin temperature measurements made at the time of the L5 overpass to predict the at-sensor radiance. The predicted radiance was then convolved with the L5B6 system response function to obtain the predicted L5B6 radiance, which was then compared with the radiance measured by L5B6. Twenty-four cloud-free scenes acquired between 1999 and 2003 were used in the analysis with scene temperatures ranging between 4/spl deg/C and 22/spl deg/C. The results indicate L5B6 had a radiance bias of 2.5% (1.6/spl deg/C) in late 1999, which gradually decreased to 0.8% (0.5/spl deg/C) in mid-2002. Since that time, the bias has remained positive (predicted minus measured) and between 0.3% (0.2/spl deg/C) and 1.4% (0.9/spl deg/C). The cause for the cold bias (L5 radiances are lower than expected) is unresolved, but likely related to changes in instrument temperature associated with changes in instrument usage. The in situ data were then used to develop algorithms to recover the skin and bulk temperature of the water by regressing the L5B6 radiance and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) total column water data to either the skin or bulk temperature. Use of the NCEP data provides an alternative approach to the split-window approach used with instruments that have two thermal infrared bands. The results indicate the surface skin and bulk temperature can be recovered with a standard error of 0.6/spl deg/C. This error is larger than errors obtained with other instruments due, in part, to the calibration bias. L5 provides the only long-duration high spatial resolution thermal infrared measurements of the land surface. If these data are to be used effectively in studies designed to monitor change, it is essential to continue to monitor instrument performance in-flight and develop quantitative algorithms for recovering surface temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Hook, S., Chander, G., Barsi, J., Alley, R., Abtahi, A., Palluconi, F.D., Markham, B.L., Richards, R., Schladow, S., and Helder, D., 2004, In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2767-2776, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2767","endPage":"2776","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092"},{"id":234226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39bee4b0c8380cd61a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alley, R.E.","contributorId":98599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abtahi, A.","contributorId":9133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abtahi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palluconi, Frank Don","contributorId":14952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palluconi","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richards, R.C.","contributorId":50793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026360,"text":"70026360 - 2004 - New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026360","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean","docAbstract":"Site velocities from six separate Global Positioning System (GPS) networks comprising 374 stations have been referred to a single common Eurasia-fixed reference frame to map the velocity distribution over the entire Aegean. We use the GPS velocity field to identify deforming regions, rigid elements, and potential microplate boundaries, and build upon previous work by others to initially specify rigid elements in central Greece, the South Aegean, Anatolia, and the Sea of Marmara. We apply an iterative approach, tentatively defining microplate boundaries, determining best fit rigid rotations, examining misfit patterns, and revising the boundaries to achieve a better match between model and data. Short-term seismic cycle effects are minor contaminants of the data that we remove when necessary to isolate the long-term kinematics. We find that present day Aegean deformation is due to the relative motions of four microplates and straining in several isolated zones internal to them. The RMS misfit of model to data is about 2-sigma, very good when compared to the typical match between coseismic fault models and GPS data. The simplicity of the microplate description of the deformation and its good fit to the GPS data are surprising and were not anticipated by previous work, which had suggested either many rigid elements or broad deforming zones that comprise much of the Aegean region. The isolated deforming zones are also unexpected and cannot be explained by the kinematics of the microplate motions. Strain rates within internally deforming zones are extensional and range from 30 to 50 nanostrain/year (nstrain/year, 10-9/year), 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than rates observed across the major microplate boundaries. Lower strain rates may exist elsewhere withi the microplates but are only resolved in Anatolia, where extension of 13 ?? 4 nstrain/ year is required by the data. Our results suggest that despite the detailed complexity of active continental deformation revealed by seismicity, active faulting, fault geomorphology, and earthquake fault plane solutions, continental tectonics, at least in the Aegean, is to first order very similar to global plate tectonics and obeys the same simple kinematic rules. Although the widespread distribution of Aegean seismicity and active faulting might suggest a rather spatially homogeneous seismic hazard, the focusing of deformation near microplate boundaries implies the highest hazard is comparably localized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002830","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nyst, M., and Thatcher, W., 2004, New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002830.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002830"},{"id":234159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6565e4b0c8380cd72ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}