{"pageNumber":"1077","pageRowStart":"26900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70026695,"text":"70026695 - 2004 - Stable foraging areas and variable chick diet in Cassin's auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) off southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:28:45","indexId":"70026695","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable foraging areas and variable chick diet in Cassin's auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) off southern California","docAbstract":"Planktivorous seabirds readily respond to changes in marine ecosystems and have the ability to integrate information regarding variability in abundance, availability, and community composition of key prey resources. We studied the foraging and breeding ecology of the Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas, 1811), off southern California during three breeding seasons (1999-2001), when large intra- and inter-annual variability occurred in local oceanographic conditions during a prolonged La Nina event. Radio-marked parents used consistent core foraging areas within 30 km of their colony, aggregated in shelf waters (< 200 m depth), and occasionally foraged in deeper waters. Parents delivered primarily euphausiids, pelagic larval-juvenile fishes, and minor amounts of cephalopods and other crustaceans. Whereas the euphausiid Thysanoessa spinifera Holmes, 1900 was most important during 1999 and 2001, Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 replaced adult T. spinifera in 2000 after an anomalous eastward inflection of the California Current occurred near the auklets' foraging area. Differences in chick diets, however, did not significantly influence fledging success and growth among first chicks, but the proportion of pairs successfully fledging an alpha chick and initiating a second clutch was exceptional in 1999 (63%) and 2000 (75%), and less in 2001 (7%). We suggest that dietary composition was influenced by modified prey availability driven in part by fluctuations in regional upwelling and circulation. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z04-140","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Takekawa, J.Y., and Carter, H., 2004, Stable foraging areas and variable chick diet in Cassin's auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) off southern California: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 82, no. 10, p. 1578-1595, https://doi.org/10.1139/z04-140.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1578","endPage":"1595","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-140"}],"volume":"82","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9666e4b08c986b31b4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026696,"text":"70026696 - 2004 - Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026696","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Across the plate boundary zone in south central Alaska, tectonic strain rates are high in a region that includes large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. For the coastal region between the Bering and Malaspina Glaciers, the average ice mass thickness changes between 1995 and 2000 range from 1 to 5 m/year. These ice changes caused solid Earth displacements in our study region with predicted values of -10 to 50 mm in the vertical and predicted horizontal displacements of 0-10 mm at variable orientations. Relative to stable North America, observed horizontal rates of tectonic deformation range from 10 to 40 mm/year to the north-northwest and the predicted tectonic uplift rates range from approximately 0 mm/year near the Gulf of Alaska coast to 12 mm/year further inland. The ice mass changes between 1995 and 2000 resulted in discernible changes in the Global Positioning System (GPS) measured station positions of one site (ISLE) located adjacent to the Bagley Ice Valley and at one site, DON, located south of the Bering Glacier terminus. In addition to modifying the surface displacements rates, we evaluated the influence ice changes during the Bering glacier surge cycle had on the background seismic rate. We found an increase in the number of earthquakes (ML???2.5) and seismic rate associated with ice thinning and a decrease in the number of earthquakes and seismic rate associated with ice thickening. These results support the hypothesis that ice mass changes can modulate the background seismic rate. During the last century, wastage of the coastal glaciers in the Icy Bay and Malaspina region indicates thinning of hundreds of meters and in areas of major retreat, maximum losses of ice thickness approaching 1 km. Between the 1899 Yakataga and Yakutat earthquakes (Mw=8.1, 8.1) and prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake (M s=7.2), the plate interface below Icy Bay was locked and tectonic strain accumulated. We used estimated ice mass change during the 1899-1979 time period to calculate the change in the fault stability margin (FSM) prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake. Our results suggest that a cumulative decrease in the fault stability margin at seismogenic depths, due to ice wastage over 80 years, was large, up to ???2 MPa. Ice wastage would promote thrust faulting in events such as the 1979 earthquake and subsequent aftershocks.","largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.012","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Sauber, J., and Molnia, B.F., 2004, Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska, <i>in</i> Global and Planetary Change, v. 42, no. 1-4, p. 279-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.012.","startPage":"279","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478140,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040030573","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.012"},{"id":234215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2915e4b0c8380cd5a67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauber, J.M.","contributorId":83316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, B. F.","contributorId":29386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026230,"text":"70026230 - 2004 - Preparation and certification of Re-Os dating reference materials: Molybdenites HLP and JDC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:03:51.927593","indexId":"70026230","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preparation and certification of Re-Os dating reference materials: Molybdenites HLP and JDC","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two Re-Os dating reference material molybdenites were prepared. Molybdenite JDC and molybdenite HLP are from a carbonate vein-type molybdenum-(lead)-uranium deposit in the Jinduicheng-Huanglongpu area of Shaanxi province, China. The samples proved to be homogeneous, based on the coefficient of variation of analytical results and an analysis of variance test. The sampling weight was 0.1 g for JDC and 0.025 g for HLP. An isotope dilution method was used for the determination of Re and Os. Sample decomposition and pre-concentration of Re and Os prior to measurement were accomplished using a variety of methods: acid digestion, alkali fusion, ion exchange and solvent extraction. Negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry were used for the determination of Re and&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os concentration and isotope ratios. The certified values include the contents of Re and Os and the model ages. For HLP, the Re content was 283.8 ± 6.2 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>,&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os was 659 ± 14 ng g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and the Re-Os model age was 221.4 ± 5.6 Ma. For JDC, the Re content was 17.39 ± 0.32 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>,&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os was 25.46 ± 0.60 ng g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and the Re-Os model age was 139.6 ± 3.8 Ma. Uncertainties for both certified reference materials are stated at the 95% level of confidence. Three laboratories (from three countries: PR. China, USA, Sweden) joined in the certification programme. These certified reference materials are primarily useful for Re-Os dating of molybdenite, sulfides, black shale, etc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2004.tb01042.x","usgsCitation":"Du, A., Wu, S., Sun, D., Wang, S., Qu, W., Markey, R., Stain, H., Morgan, J., and Malinovskiy, D., 2004, Preparation and certification of Re-Os dating reference materials: Molybdenites HLP and JDC: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2004.tb01042.x.","productDescription":"12 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A.","contributorId":22542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, S.","contributorId":84128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, D.","contributorId":35103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Shaoming","contributorId":38745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Shaoming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qu, W.","contributorId":90512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markey, R.","contributorId":29982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stain, H.","contributorId":58434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stain","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, J.","contributorId":6216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Malinovskiy, D.","contributorId":51505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinovskiy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026697,"text":"70026697 - 2004 - Massive sulfide deposition and trace element remobilization in the Middle Valley sediment-hosted hydrothermal system, northern Juan de Fuca Rdge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026697","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Massive sulfide deposition and trace element remobilization in the Middle Valley sediment-hosted hydrothermal system, northern Juan de Fuca Rdge","docAbstract":"The Bent Hill massive sulfide deposit and ODP Mound deposit in Middle Valley at the northernmost end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge are two of the largest modern seafloor hydrothermal deposits yet explored. Trace metal concentrations of sulfide minerals, determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS, were used in conjunction with mineral paragenetic studies and thermodynamic calculations to deduce the history of fluid-mineral reactions during sulfide deposition. Detailed analyses of the distribution of metals in sulfides indicate significant shifts in the physical and chemical conditions responsible for the trace element variability observed in these sulfide deposits. Trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi) analyzed in a representative suite of 10 thin sections from these deposits suggest differences in conditions and processes of hydrothermal alteration resulting in mass transfer of metals from the center of the deposits to the margins. Enrichments of some trace metals (Pb, Sb, Cd, Ag) in sphalerite at the margins of the deposits are best explained by dissolution/reprecipitation processes consistent with secondary remineralization. Results of reaction-path models clarify mechanisms of mass transfer during remineralization of sulfide deposits due to mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. Model results are consistent with patterns of observed mineral paragenesis and help to identify conditions (pH, redox, temperature) that may be responsible for variations in trace metal concentrations in primary and secondary minerals. Differences in trace metal distributions throughout a single deposit and between nearby deposits at Middle Valley can be linked to the history of metal mobilization within this active hydrothermal system that may have broad implications for sulfide ore formation in other sedimented and unsedimented ridge systems. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.023","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Houghton, J., Shanks, W.C., and Seyfried, W., 2004, Massive sulfide deposition and trace element remobilization in the Middle Valley sediment-hosted hydrothermal system, northern Juan de Fuca Rdge: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 13, p. 2863-2873, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.023.","startPage":"2863","endPage":"2873","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.023"},{"id":234216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5264e4b0c8380cd6c3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, J.L.","contributorId":51067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houghton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seyfried, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":15347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026698,"text":"70026698 - 2004 - Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai brown bears (Ursus arctos) through the use of survival analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T16:43:01.211116","indexId":"70026698","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) through the use of survival analysis","title":"Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai brown bears (Ursus arctos) through the use of survival analysis","docAbstract":"Brown bear-human interactions were observed in 1993, 1995, and 1997 at Kulik River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. We analyzed these interactions using survival analysis, creating survival curves for the time that bears remained on the river in the presence, and absence, of human activity. Bear-only survival curves did not vary significantly between years (p = 0.067). Ninety-seven percent of bears left the river within 70 minutes of arrival in all years. Temporal patterns of bear activity were unaffected by the presence of humans as long as the bears did not share river zones with humans (p = 0.062 to p = 0.360). When people and bears did not share river zones, 38.6% (1993), 36.0% (1995), and 37.0% (1997) of bears remained on the river for at least 10 minutes after arrival. In contrast, when people and bears shared river zones, fewer bears remained on the river after the first 10 minutes, with 28.6% (1993), 25.0% (1995), and 32.6% (1997) observed in each year. We conclude that human activity displaced 26.0% (1993), 30.5% (1995), and 12.0% (1997) of the bears using the river, which otherwise would likely have remained longer. Over the three years of study, habituation to human activity may account for observed changes in bears' use of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"The Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic492","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.S., and Johnson, B., 2004, Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai brown bears (Ursus arctos) through the use of survival analysis: Arctic, v. 57, no. 2, p. 160-165, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic492.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic492","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.522216796875,\n              58.802361927759456\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4892578125,\n              58.54532816362913\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.89599609375,\n              57.97315745102814\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.951171875,\n              57.903174456371495\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.984375,\n              58.060444418990905\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.204345703125,\n              58.7168944562654\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.21533203125,\n              59.136499487320734\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.918212890625,\n              59.265880628258095\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              59.16466752496466\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              59.012284446745966\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.522216796875,\n              58.802361927759456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c40e4b0c8380cd6fb37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, T. S.","contributorId":47326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B.A.","contributorId":40388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026238,"text":"70026238 - 2004 - Influence of multiple water-quality characteristics on copper toxicity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026238","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of multiple water-quality characteristics on copper toxicity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)","docAbstract":"Water quality influences the bioavailability and toxicity of copper to aquatic organisms. Understanding the relationships between water-quality parameters and copper toxicity may facilitate the development of site-specific criteria for water quality and result in better protection of aquatic biota. Many studies have examined the influence of a single water-quality parameter on copper toxicity, but the interactions of several characteristics have not been well studied in low-hardness water. The goal of the present research was to examine the interactions among water-quality characteristics and their effects on copper toxicity to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, DOC source, pH, and hardness on acute copper toxicity were determined using a complete factorially designed experiment. Hardness, pH, DOC, and interaction of pH and DOC all significantly affected copper toxicity. A predictive model based on these data described 88% of the variability in copper toxicity. This model also explained 58% of the variability in copper toxicity for an independent dataset of South Carolina (USA) waters. The biotic ligand model underpredicted the acute copper toxicity to fathead minnows when compared with observed values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/03-574.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Sciera, K., Isely, J.J., Tomasso, J., and Klaine, S., 2004, Influence of multiple water-quality characteristics on copper toxicity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 2900-2905, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-574.1.","startPage":"2900","endPage":"2905","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-574.1"},{"id":234465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b54e4b0c8380cd6242f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sciera, K.L.","contributorId":74550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sciera","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomasso, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":92468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasso","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaine, S.J.","contributorId":38304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaine","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026243,"text":"70026243 - 2004 - Ship Shoal as a prospective borrow site for barrier island restoration, coastal south-central Louisiana, Usa: Numerical wave modeling and field measurements of hydrodynamics and sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T14:51:10.161737","indexId":"70026243","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ship Shoal as a prospective borrow site for barrier island restoration, coastal south-central Louisiana, Usa: Numerical wave modeling and field measurements of hydrodynamics and sediment transport","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Ship Shoal, a transgressive sand body located at the 10 m isobath off south-central Louisiana, is deemed a potential sand source for restoration along the rapidly eroding Isles Dernieres barrier chain and possibly other sites in Louisiana. Through numerical wave modeling we evaluate the potential response of mining Ship Shoal on the wave field. During severe and strong storms, waves break seaward of the western flank of Ship Shoal. Therefore, removal of Ship Shoal (approximately 1.1 billion m<sup>3</sup>) causes a maximum increase of the significant wave height by 90%–100% and 40%–50% over the shoal and directly adjacent to the lee of the complex for two strong storm scenarios. During weak storms and fair weather conditions, waves do not break over Ship Shoal. The degree of increase in significant wave height due to shoal removal is considerably smaller, only 10%–20% on the west part of the shoal. Within the context of increasing nearshore wave energy levels, removal of the shoal is not significant enough to cause increased erosion along the Isles Dernieres. Wave approach direction exerts significant control on the wave climate leeward of Ship Shoal for stronger storms, but not weak storms or fairweather. Instrumentation deployed at the shoal allowed comparison of measured wave heights with numerically derived wave heights using STWAVE. Correlation coefficients are high in virtually all comparisons indicating the capability of the model to simulate wave behavior satisfactorily at the shoal.</p><p id=\"ID0EJ\">Directional waves, currents and sediment transport were measured during winter storms associated with frontal passages using three bottom-mounted arrays deployed on the seaward and landward sides of Ship Shoal (November, 1998–January, 1999). Episodic increases in wave height, mean and oscillatory current speed, shear velocity, and sediment transport rates, associated with recurrent cold front passages, were measured. Dissipation mechanisms included both breaking and bottom friction due to variable depths across the shoal crest and variable wave amplitudes during storms and fair-weather. Arctic surge fronts were associated with southerly storm waves, and southwesterly to westerly currents and sediment transport. Migrating cyclonic fronts generated northerly swell that transformed into southerly sea, and currents and sediment transport that were southeasterly overall. Waves were 36% higher and 9% longer on the seaward side of the shoal, whereas mean currents were 10% stronger landward, where they were directed onshore, in contrast to the offshore site, where seaward currents predominated. Sediment transport initiated by cold fronts was generally directed southeasterly to south-westerly at the offshore site, and southerly to westerly at the nearshore site. The data suggest that both cold fronts and the shoal, exert significant influences on regional hydrodynamics and sediment transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[70:SSAAPB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stone, G., Pepper, D., Xu, J., and Zhang, X., 2004, Ship Shoal as a prospective borrow site for barrier island restoration, coastal south-central Louisiana, Usa: Numerical wave modeling and field measurements of hydrodynamics and sediment transport: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 70-88, https://doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[70:SSAAPB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e75e4b08c986b318951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, G.W.","contributorId":68065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepper, D.A.","contributorId":76105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026699,"text":"70026699 - 2004 - Alum amendment effects on phosphorus release and distribution in poultry litter-amended sandy soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T18:06:43.250672","indexId":"70026699","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alum amendment effects on phosphorus release and distribution in poultry litter-amended sandy soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increased poultry production has contributed to excess nutrient problems in Atlantic Coastal Plain soils due to land application of poultry litter (PL). Aluminum sulfate [alum, Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>(SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>3</sub><span>·14H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O] amendment of PL effectively reduces soluble phosphorus (P) in the PL; however, the effects of these litters when added to acidic, sandy soils are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of alum-amended poultry litter in reducing P release from three Delaware Coastal Plain soils: Evesboro loamy sand (Ev; excessively drained, mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments), Rumford loamy sand (Ru; well drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults), and Pocomoke sandy loam (Pm; very poorly drained, coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Umbraquults). Long-term (25 d) and short-term (24 h) desorption studies were conducted, in addition to chemical extractions and kinetic modeling, to observe the changes that alum-amended versus unamended PL caused in the soils. The Ev, Ru, and Pm soils were incubated with 9 Mg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;of alum-amended or unamended PL. Long-term desorption (25 d) of the incubated material resulted in approximately 13.5% (Ev), 12.7% (Ru), and 13.3% (Pm) reductions in cumulative P desorbed when comparing soil treated with unamended and alum-amended PL. In addition, the P release from the soil treated with alum-amended litter was not significantly different from the control (soil alone). Short-term desorption (24 h) showed 7.3% (Ev), 15.4% (Ru), and 20% (Pm) reductions. The overall implication from this study is that the use of alum as a PL amendment is useful in coarse-textured soils of the Coastal Plain. With increased application of alum-amended PL, more significant decreases may be possible with little or no effect on soil quality.</span>textured soils of the Coastal Plain. With increased application of alum-amended PL, more significant decreases may be possible with little or no effect on soil quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2004.1904","usgsCitation":"Staats, K., Arai, Y., and Sparks, D., 2004, Alum amendment effects on phosphorus release and distribution in poultry litter-amended sandy soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1904-1911, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1904.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1904","endPage":"1911","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70026702,"text":"70026702 - 2004 - Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026702","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky","docAbstract":"Central Kentucky is characterized by a mixture of karst and fluvial features, typically manifested as mosaic of karst-rich/ channel-poor (KRCP) and channel-rich/karst-poor (CRKP) environments. At the regional scale the location and distribution of KRCP and CRKP areas are not always systematically related to structural, lithological, topographic, or other controls. This study examines the relationship of KRCP and CRKP zones along the Kentucky River gorge area, where rapid incision in the last 1??5 million years has lowered local base levels and modified slopes on the edge of the inner bluegrass plateau. At the scale of detailed field mapping on foot within a 4 km2 area, the development of karst and fluvial features is controlled by highly localized structural and topographic constraints, and can be related to slope changes associated with retreat of the Kentucky River gorge escarpment. A conceptual model of karst/fluvial transitions is presented, which suggests that minor, localized variations are sufficient to trigger a karst-fluvial or fluvial-karst switch when critical slope thresholds are crossed. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1070","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Martin, L., Nordberg, V., and Andrews, W., 2004, Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 29, no. 7, p. 799-819, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1070.","startPage":"799","endPage":"819","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1070"},{"id":234282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0349e4b0c8380cd503e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.L.","contributorId":107637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordberg, V.G.","contributorId":107575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordberg","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, W.A. Jr.","contributorId":7145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026245,"text":"70026245 - 2004 - Bioenergetics-based modeling of individual PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows from two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T14:42:07","indexId":"70026245","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetics-based modeling of individual PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows from two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York","docAbstract":"A bioenergetics-based model was used to simulate the accumulation of total PCBs and 20 PCB congeners by nestling tree swallows at two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York. PCB concentrations in birds were calculated as the sum of inherited residues and those acquired through consumption of contaminated insects. Close agreement between simulations and measured residues in 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old nestlings was obtained when PCB concentrations in the diet were set equal to those in food boli taken from adult birds. These simulations were further optimized by fitting the value of a dietary assimilation efficiency constant. Fitted constants for both sites were similar and averaged about 0.7. An evaluation of model performance for individual congeners provided no evidence of metabolic biotransformation. The results of this study are consistent with a companion effort in which principal components analysis was used to compare PCB congener patterns in insects and in tree swallow eggs, nestlings, and adults. Together, these studies establish a quantitative linkage between nestling tree swallows and the insects that they consume and provide strong support for the use of nestling swallows as a biomonitoring species for exposure assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0497734","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.W., Echols, K.R., Tillitt, D.E., Secord, A.L., and McCarty, J.P., 2004, Bioenergetics-based modeling of individual PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows from two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 23, p. 6234-6239, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0497734.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6234","endPage":"6239","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208364,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0497734"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14de4b0c8380cd4ab8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, John W.","contributorId":175334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Secord, Anne L.","contributorId":172412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Secord","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarty, John P.","contributorId":172413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026708,"text":"70026708 - 2004 - Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:33:07","indexId":"70026708","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","docAbstract":"<p>The calibration of a groundwater model with the aid of hydrochemical data has demonstrated that low recharge rates in the Middle Rio Grande Basin may be responsible for a groundwater trough in the center of the basin and for a substantial amount of Rio Grande water in the regional flow system. Earlier models of the basin had difficulty reproducing these features without any hydrochemical data to constrain the rates and distribution of recharge. The objective of this study was to use the large quantity of available hydrochemical data to help calibrate the model parameters, including the recharge rates. The model was constructed using the US Geological Survey's software MODFLOW, MODPATH, and UCODE, and calibrated using 14C activities and the positions of certain flow zones defined by the hydrochemical data. Parameter estimation was performed using a combination of nonlinear regression techniques and a manual search for the minimum difference between field and simulated observations. The calibrated recharge values were substantially smaller than those used in previous models. Results from a 30,000-year transient simulation suggest that recharge was at a maximum about 20,000 years ago and at a minimum about 10,000 years ago.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., Plummer, N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 389-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":" Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3332e4b0c8380cd5edf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026710,"text":"70026710 - 2004 - The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026710","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","docAbstract":"To better understand the long-term climate history of Antarctica, we studied Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land (78?? S). Helium isotope ratios and He, Ne, Ar and N2 concentration data, obtained from hydrocasts in the East (ELB) and West (WLB) Lobesof Lake Bonney, provided important constraints on the lake's Holocene evolution. Based on very low concentrations of Ar and N2 in the ELB bottom waters, ELB was free of ice until 200 ?? 50 years ago. After which, low salinity water flowing over the sill from WLB to ELB, covered ELB and formed a perennial ice cover, inhibiting the exchange of gases with the atmosphere. In contrast to the ELB, the WLB retained an ice cover through the Holocene. The brine in the WLB bottom waters has meteoric N2 and Ar gas concentrations indicating that it has not been significantly modified by atmospheric exchange or ice formation. The helium concentrations in the deep water of WLB are the highest measured in non-thermal surface water. By fitting a diffusional loss to the 3He/4He, helium, and Cl profiles, we calculate a time of ???3000 years for the initiation of flow over the sill separating the East and West Lobes. To supply this flux of helium to the lake, a helium-rich sediment beneath the lake must be providing the helium by diffusion. If at any time during the last million years the ice cover left WLB, there would be insufficient helium available to provide the current flux to WLB. The variations in water levels in Lake Bonney can be related to climatic events that have been documented within the Southern Victoria Land region and indicate that the lakes respond significantly to regional and, perhaps, global climate forcing. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Poreda, R., Hunt, A., Berry, L.W., and Welch, K., 2004, The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 353-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb5e4b08c986b3236a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Lyons W.","contributorId":43633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Lyons","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, K.A.","contributorId":44315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026712,"text":"70026712 - 2004 - A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T08:28:30","indexId":"70026712","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Within the past decade or so, the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates has improved due to new and increasingly sophisticated methods. Yet despite a plethora of choices concerning methods, estimation of wetland ET remains insufficiently characterized due to the complexity of surface characteristics and the diversity of wetland types. In this review, we present models and micrometeorological methods that have been used to estimate wetland ET and discuss their suitability for particular wetland types. Hydrological, soil monitoring and lysimetric methods to determine ET are not discussed. Our review shows that, due to the variability and complexity of wetlands, there is no single approach that is the best for estimating wetland ET. Furthermore, there is no single foolproof method to obtain an accurate, independent measure of wetland ET. Because all of the methods reviewed, with the exception of eddy covariance and LIDAR, require measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G), highly accurate measurements of these energy components are key to improving measurements of wetland ET. Many of the major methods used to determine ET can be applied successfully to wetlands of uniform vegetation and adequate fetch, however, certain caveats apply. For example, with accurate Rn and G data and small Bowen ratio (??) values, the Bowen ratio energy balance method can give accurate estimates of wetland ET. However, large errors in latent heat flux density can occur near sunrise and sunset when the Bowen ratio ?? ??? - 1??0. The eddy covariance method provides a direct measurement of latent heat flux density (??E) and sensible heat flux density (II), yet this method requires considerable expertise and expensive instrumentation to implement. A clear advantage of using the eddy covariance method is that ??E can be compared with Rn-G H, thereby allowing for an independent test of accuracy. The surface renewal method is inexpensive to replicate and, therefore, shows particular promise for characterizing variability in ET as a result of spatial heterogeneity. LIDAR is another method that has special utility in a heterogeneous wetland environment, because it provides an integrated value for ET from a surface. The main drawback of LIDAR is the high cost of equipment and the need for an independent ET measure to assess accuracy. If Rn and G are measured accurately, the Priestley-Taylor equation can be used successfully with site-specific calibration factors to estimate wetland ET. The 'crop' cover coefficient (Kc) method can provide accurate wetland ET estimates if calibrated for the environmental and climatic characteristics of a particular area. More complicated equations such as the Penman and Penman-Monteith equations also can be used to estimate wetland ET, but surface variability and lack of information on aerodynamic and surface resistances make use of such equations somewhat questionable. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1462","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Snyder, R., Spano, D., and Paw, U., 2004, A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 11, p. 2071-2101, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462.","startPage":"2071","endPage":"2101","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462"}],"volume":"18","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e554e4b0c8380cd46cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, J.Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":54766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"J.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, R.L.","contributorId":65644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spano, D.","contributorId":28413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spano","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paw, U.K.T.","contributorId":33498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paw","given":"U.K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026713,"text":"70026713 - 2004 - Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026713","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years","docAbstract":"Sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins in the central Gulf of California were recovered in two box cores. Q-mode factor analyses identified detrital-clastic, carbonate, and redox associations in the elemental composition of these sediments. The detrital-clastic fraction appears to contain two source components, a more mafic component presumably derived from the Sierra Madre Occidental along the west coast of Mexico, and a more felsic component most likely derived from sedimentary rocks (mostly sandstones) of the Colorado Plateau and delivered by the Colorado River. The sediments also contain significant siliceous biogenic components and minor calcareous biogenic components, but those components were not quantified in this study. Redox associations were identified in both cores based on relatively high concentrations of molybdenum, which is indicative of deposition under conditions of sulfate reduction. Decreases in concentrations of molybdenum in younger sediments suggest that the bottom waters of the Gulf have became more oxygenated over the last 100 years. Many geochemical components in both box cores exhibit distinct cyclicity with periodicities of 10-20 years. The most striking are 20-year cycles in the more mafic components (e.g., titanium), particularly in sediments deposited during the 19th century. In that century, the titanium cycles are in very good agreement with warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, implying that at times of greater influx of titanium-rich volcanic debris, there were more El Nin??os and higher winter precipitation. The cycles are interpreted as due to greater and lesser riverine influx of volcanic rock debris from the Sierra Madre. There is also spectral evidence for periodicities of 4-8 and 8-16 years, suggesting that the delivery of detrital-clastic material is responding to some multiannual (ENSO?) forcing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Pride, C., and Thunell, R., 2004, Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, no. 16-17, p. 1817-1833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010.","startPage":"1817","endPage":"1833","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010"},{"id":234351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15fce4b0c8380cd54ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pride, C.","contributorId":71363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pride","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thunell, R.","contributorId":96836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026720,"text":"70026720 - 2004 - Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026720","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics","docAbstract":"Debate over whether human activity causes Earth climate change obscures the immensity of the dynamic systems that create and maintain climate on the planet. Anthropocentric debate leads people to believe that they can alter these planetary dynamic systems to prevent that they perceive as negative climate impacts on human civilization. Although politicians offer simplistic remedies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, global climate continues to change naturally. Better planning for the inevitable dislocations that have followed natural global climate changes throughout human history requires us to accept the fact that climate will change, and that human society must adapt to the changes. Over the last decade, the scientific literature reported a shift in emphasis from attempting to build theoretical models of putative human impacts on climate to understanding the planetwide dynamic processes that are the natural climate drivers. The current scientific literature is beginning to report the history of past climate change, the extent of natural climate variability, natural system drivers, and the episodicity of many climate changes. The scientific arguments have broadened from focus upon human effects on climate to include the array of natural phenomena that have driven global climate change for eons. However, significant political issues with long-term social consequences continue their advance. This paper summarizes recent scientific progress in climate science and arguments about human influence on climate. ?? 2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/03220403107","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., 2004, Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 88, no. 9, p. 1211-1220, https://doi.org/10.1306/03220403107.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1220","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/03220403107"}],"volume":"88","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64fe4b0c8380cd4c6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026721,"text":"70026721 - 2004 - Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:53:41","indexId":"70026721","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?","docAbstract":"Temperature anomalies associated with oil-producing structures in the US Midcontinent and similar cratonic areas probably can be used reliably as a passkey for petroleum exploration in mature areas, and thus the concept of hot anticlines could be a key to discovery. Analysis of accumulated data during the past several decades allows a definition of the problem of hot anticlines. A possible solution for migration and entrapment of petroleum can be explained by the Roberts temperature differential model and the Walters fluid-flow paradigm. In fact, if the Roberts model is valid, higher shallow temperatures, temperature gradients, or heat flow could indicate the entrapment of hydrocarbons at depth. The recognition and promotion of shallow \"hotspots\" as an exploration key is not new and was proposed years ago by Haas and Hoffmann, Kappelmeyer, and as recently as 1986 by Blackwell.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., 2004, Subsurface temperature as a passkey for exploration of mature basins: Hot anticlines - A key to discovery?: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 102, no. 32, p. 29-34.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-102/issue-32/exploration-development/subsurface-temperature-as-a-passkey-for-exploration-of-mature-basins-hot-anticlinesmdasha-key-to-discovery.html"}],"volume":"102","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d8ee4b08c986b31d8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026722,"text":"70026722 - 2004 - Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026722","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","docAbstract":"The stable isotope of oxygen, 18O, is used as a naturally occurring ground-water tracer. Time-series data for ??18O are analyzed to model the distinct responses and relative proportions of the conduit, intermediate, and diffuse flow components in karst aquifers. This analysis also describes mathematically the dynamics of the transient fluid interchange between conduits and diffusive networks. Conduit and intermediate flow are described by linear-systems methods, whereas diffuse flow is described by mass-balance methods. An automated optimization process estimates parameters of lognormal, Pearson type III, and gamma distributions, which are used as transfer functions in linear-systems analysis. Diffuse flow and mixing parameters also are estimated by these optimization methods. Results indicate the relative proximity of a well to a main conduit flowpath and can help to predict the movement and residence times of potential contaminants. The three-component linear model is applied to five wells, which respond to changes in the isotopic composition of point recharge water from a sinking stream in the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Flow velocities as much as 540 m/d and system memories of as much as 71 years are estimated by this method. Also, the mean, median, and standard deviation of traveltimes; time to peak response; and the relative fraction of flow for each of the three components are determined for these wells. This analysis infers that flow may branch apart and rejoin as a result of an anastomotic (or channeled) karst network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2004, Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 296, no. 1-4, p. 254-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023.","startPage":"254","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023"},{"id":234390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47c3e4b0c8380cd67963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026723,"text":"70026723 - 2004 - Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026723","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","docAbstract":"Researchers have been coupling geographic information systems (GIS) data handling and processing capability to watershed and waterquality models for many years. This capability is suited for the development of databases appropriate for water modeling. However, it is rare for GIS to provide direct inputs to the models. To demonstrate the logical procedure of coupling GIS for model parameter extraction, we selected the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model. Investigators can generate data layers at various resolutions and resample to pixel sizes to support models at particular scales. We developed databases of elevation, land cover, and soils at various resolutions in four watersheds. The ability to use multiresolution databases for the generation of model parameters is problematic for grid-based models. We used database development procedures and observed the effects of resolution and resampling on GIS input datasets and parameters generated from those inputs for AGNPS. Results indicate that elevation values at specific points compare favorably between 3- and 30-m raster datasets. Categorical data analysis indicates that land cover classes vary significantly. Derived parameters parallel the results of the base GIS datasets. Analysis of data resampled from 30-m to 60-, 120-, 210-, 240-, 480-, 960-, and 1920-m pixels indicates a general degradation of both elevation and land cover correlations as resolution decreases. Initial evaluation of model output values for soluble nitrogen and phosphorous indicates similar degradation with resolution. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z","issn":"14355930","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Finn, M., Scheidt, D.J., Ruhl, S., Beard, T., and Bearden, M., 2004, Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 6, no. 3, p. 289-306, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z.","startPage":"289","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z"},{"id":234356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28aae4b0c8380cd5a2d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheidt, Daniel J.","contributorId":43393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruhl, S.","contributorId":44329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, T.","contributorId":36337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bearden, M.","contributorId":68510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026249,"text":"70026249 - 2004 - Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper outgassing effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:45:54","indexId":"70026249","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper outgassing effects","docAbstract":"A periodic 3% to 5% variation in detector response affecting both image and internal calibrator (IC) data has been observed in bands 5 and 7 of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper. The source for this variation is thought to be an interference effect due to buildup of an ice-like contaminant film on a ZnSe window, covered with an antireflective coating (ARC), of the cooled dewar containing these detectors. Periodic warming of the dewar is required in order to remove the contaminant and restore detector response to an uncontaminated level. These effects in the IC data have been characterized over four individual outgassing cycles using thin-film models to estimate transmittance of the window/ARC and ARC/contaminant film stack throughout the instrument lifetime. Based on the results obtained from this modeling, a lookup table procedure has been implemented that provides correction factors to improve the calibration accuracy of bands 5 and 7 by approximately 5%.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.839086","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., and Micijevic, E., 2004, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper outgassing effects: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2717-2729, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839086.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2717","endPage":"2729","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839086"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f1e4b0c8380cd66701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026724,"text":"70026724 - 2004 - Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026724","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","docAbstract":"Severe fire weather is a major determinant of fire size in coastal California; however, it is unclear to what extent antecedent climate also controls fire activity. This study investigates the relationship between fire activity and climate in central coastal and southern California. Climate variables included the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), total monthly precipitation, mean monthly maximum temperature and the autumn and winter Southern Oscillation Indices (SOI). For both the central coast and the south coast regions there was no significant relationship between growing season PDSI, precipitation or temperature and number of fires. When examined by season, summer temperatures were positively correlated with number of fires in the central coast and autumn PDSI and precipitation were negatively correlated with fire occurrence in the south coast region. Area burned was not correlated with any current year climate variables in southern California although, in the central coast, drought during spring and autumn were correlated, but explained less than 10% of the variation in the area burned. Although there was a modest relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and local climate parameters, there was only a relatively weak relationship with fire activity. The importance of autumn foehn winds is illustrated by the observation that large fires occur most commonly during the autumn, regardless of PDSI. Antecedent climate, however, does appear to play some role in determining the length of the fire season on these landscape as PDSI is consistently related to the occurrence of large fires that occur before or after the autumn months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF03037","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 2004, Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 13, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF03037.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF03037"},{"id":234357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b3e4b0c8380cd6166f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026727,"text":"70026727 - 2004 - Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:58:53","indexId":"70026727","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?","docAbstract":"<p>On several occasions, winter freezes have wrought severe destruction on Florida agriculture. A series of devastating freezes around the turn of the twentieth century, and again during the 1980s, were related to anomalies in the large-scale flow of the ocean–atmosphere system. During the twentieth century, substantial areas of wetlands in south Florida were drained and converted to agricultural land for winter fresh vegetable and sugarcane production. During this time, much of the citrus industry also was relocated to those areas to escape the risk of freeze farther to the north. The purpose of this paper is to present a modeling study designed to investigate whether the conversion of the wetlands to agriculture itself could have resulted in or exacerbated the severity of recent freezes in those agricultural areas of south Florida.</p><p>For three recent freeze events, a pair of simulations was undertaken with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. One member of each pair employed land surface properties that represent pre-1900s (near natural) land cover, whereas the other member of each pair employed data that represent near-current land-use patterns as derived from analysis of Landsat data valid for 1992/93. These two different land cover datasets capture well the conversion of wetlands to agriculture in south Florida during the twentieth century. Use of current land surface properties resulted in colder simulated minimum temperatures and temperatures that remained below freezing for a longer period at locations of key agricultural production centers in south Florida that were once natural wetlands. Examination of time series of the surface energy budget from one of the cases reveals that when natural land cover is used, a persistent moisture flux from the underlying wetlands during the nighttime hours served to prevent the development of below-freezing temperatures at those same locations. When the model results were subjected to an important sensitivity factor, the depth of standing water in the wetlands, the outcome remained consistent. These results provide another example of the potential for humans to perturb the climate system in ways that can have severe socioeconomic consequences by altering the land surface alone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.H., Pielke, R., and Steyaert, L.T., 2004, Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida?: Monthly Weather Review, v. 132, no. 9, p. 2243-2258, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2243","endPage":"2258","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478195,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:htconw>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"132","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f82e4b0c8380cd5ce48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, C. H.","contributorId":31050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026252,"text":"70026252 - 2004 - The effect of bandwidth limitations on the inference of earthquake slip-weakening distance from seismograms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026252","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of bandwidth limitations on the inference of earthquake slip-weakening distance from seismograms","docAbstract":"Numerous researchers have obtained estimates of slip-weakening distance, Dc, and fracture energy for recent earthquakes. Dc, is often observed to be a significant fraction of the total slip and tends to correlate with total slip. Although these observations may well be true of real earthquakes, we show that low-pass filtering of strong-motion seismograms can also produce some of these effects in inverted rupture models. We test the accuracy of Dc, estimates by calculating them in low-pass-filtered versions of models A and B of Guatteri and Spudich (2000). Models A and B are two different rupture models for a hypothetical M 6.5 earthquake, and they have nearly identical rupture time, slip, and stress-drop distributions, and nearly identical predicted seismograms, but Dc, for model B is about twice that for model A. By low-pass filtering slip models A and B at 1.0 Hz, we simulate the blurring effects of band-limited waveform inversions on these slip models. At each point on a fault, D???c is defined to be the slip at the time of the peak slip speed at that point. Low-pass filtering the slip models causes an upward bias in Dc inferred from stress-slip curves, and it causes an artificial correlation between D???c and the total slip. Low-pass filtering might also bias fracture energy high and radiated energy low. These biases should be considered when interpreting Dc derived from band-limited slip models of real earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030104","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P., and Guatteri, M., 2004, The effect of bandwidth limitations on the inference of earthquake slip-weakening distance from seismograms: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6, p. 2028-2036, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030104.","startPage":"2028","endPage":"2036","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030104"},{"id":234153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab15e4b08c986b322be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026729,"text":"70026729 - 2004 - Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026729","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts, a community of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses that live on the soil surface, occur in deserts throughout the world. They are a critical component of desert ecosystems, as they are important contributors to soil fertility and stability. Future climate scenarios predict alteration of the timing and amount of precipitation in desert environments. Because biological soil crust organisms are only metabolically active when wet, and as soil surfaces dry quickly in deserts during late spring, summer, and early fall, the amount and timing of precipitation is likely to have significant impacts on the physiological functioning of these communities. Using the three dominant soil crust types found in the western United States, we applied three levels of precipitation frequency (50% below-average, average, and 50% above-average) while maintaining average precipitation amount (therefore changing both timing and size of applied events). We measured the impact of these treatments on photosynthetic performance (as indicated by dark-adapted quantum yield and chlorophyll a concentrations), nitrogenase activity, and the ability of these organisms to maintain concentrations of radiation-protective pigments (scytonemin, beta-carotene, echinenone, xanthophylls, and canthaxanthin). Increased precipitation frequency produced little response after 2.5 months exposure during spring (1 April-15 June) or summer (15 June-31 August). In contrast, most of the above variables had a large, negative response after exposure to increased precipitation frequency for 6 months spring-fall (1 April-31 October) treatment. The crusts dominated by the soil lichen Collema, being dark and protruding above the surface, dried the most rapidly, followed by the dark surface cyanobacterial crusts (Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus), and then by the light cyanobacterial crusts (Microcoleus). This order reflected the magnitude of the observed response: crusts dominated by the lichen Collema showed the largest decline in quantum yield, chlorophyll a, and protective pigments; crusts dominated by Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus showed an intermediate decline in these variables; and the crusts dominated by Microcoleus showed the least negative response. Most previous studies of crust response to radiation stress have been short-term laboratory studies, where organisms were watered and kept under moderate temperatures. Such conditions would give crust organisms access to ample carbon to respond to imposed stresses (e.g., production of UV-protective pigments, replacement of degraded chlorophyll). In contrast, our longer-term study showed that under field conditions of high air temperatures and frequent, small precipitation events, crust organisms appear unable to produce protective pigments in response to radiation stress, as they likely dried more quickly than when they received larger, less frequent events. Reduced activity time likely resulted in less carbon available to produce or repair chlorophyll a and/or protective pigments. Our findings may partially explain the global observation that soil lichen cover and richness declines as the frequency of summer rainfall increases. ?? Springer-Verlag 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Phillips, S.L., and Miller, M.E., 2004, Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency: Oecologia, v. 141, no. 2, p. 306-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6.","startPage":"306","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478194,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232743","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6"},{"id":234425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa41e4b0c8380cd86225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026730,"text":"70026730 - 2004 - Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026730","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","docAbstract":"Interpretations of visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of Mars are often complicated by the effects of dust coatings that obscure the underlying materials of interest. The ability to separate the spectral reflectance signatures of coatings and substrates requires an understanding of how their individual and combined reflectance properties vary with phase angle. Toward this end, laboratory multispectral observations of rocks coated with different amounts of Mars analog dust were acquired under variable illumination and viewing geometries using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer (BUG). These bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data were fit with a two-layer radiative transfer model, which replicated BUG observations of dust-coated basaltic andesite substrates relatively well. Derived single scattering albedo and phase function parameters for the dust were useful in testing the model's ability to derive the spectrum of a \"blind\" substrate (unknown to the modeler) coated with dust. Subsequent tests were run using subsets of the BUG data restricted by goniometric or coating thickness coverage. Using the entire data set provided the best constraints on model parameters, although some reductions in goniometric coverage could be tolerated without substantial degradation. Predictably, the most thinly coated samples provided the best information on the substrate, whereas the thickest coatings best replicated the dust. Dust zenith optical thickness values ???0.6-0.8 best constrain the substrate and coating simultaneously, particularly for large ranges of incidence or emission angles. The lack of sufficient angles can be offset by having a greater number and range of coatings thicknesses. Given few angles and thicknesses, few constraints can be placed concurrently on the spectral properties of the coating and substrate. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Grundy, W., and Shepard, M., 2004, Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks: Icarus, v. 171, no. 2, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013"},{"id":234458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc28ce4b08c986b32abf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, W.M.","contributorId":12659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shepard, M.K.","contributorId":23725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026731,"text":"70026731 - 2004 - Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:47:14","indexId":"70026731","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>The&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;of uranyl on standard Georgia kaolinites (KGa-1 and KGa-1B) was studied as a function of pH (3–10), total U (1 and 10 μmol/l), and mass loading of clay (4 and 40 g/l). The uptake of uranyl in air-equilibrated systems increased with pH and reached a maximum in the near-neutral pH range. At higher pH values, the&nbsp;sorption&nbsp;decreased due to the presence of aqueous uranyl carbonate complexes. One&nbsp;kaolinite&nbsp;sample was examined after the uranyl uptake experiments by&nbsp;transmission electron microscopy&nbsp;(TEM), using energy dispersive&nbsp;X-ray spectroscopy&nbsp;(EDS) to determine the U content. It was found that&nbsp;uraniumwas preferentially adsorbed by Ti-rich impurity phases (predominantly anatase), which are present in the kaolinite samples. Uranyl sorption on the Georgia kaolinites was simulated with U sorption reactions on both titanol and aluminol sites, using a simple non-electrostatic surface&nbsp;complexation&nbsp;model (SCM). The relative amounts of U-binding &gt;TiOH and &gt;AlOH sites were estimated from the TEM/EDS results. A ternary uranyl carbonate complex on the titanol site improved the fit to the experimental data in the higher pH range. The final model contained only three optimised log&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values, and was able to simulate adsorption data across a wide range of experimental conditions. The &gt;TiOH (anatase) sites appear to play an important role in retaining U at low uranyl concentrations. As kaolinite often contains trace TiO<sub>2</sub><span>, its presence may need to be taken into account when modelling the results of sorption experiments with&nbsp;radionuclides&nbsp;or&nbsp;trace metals&nbsp;on kaolinite.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013","issn":"01691317","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Lumpkin, G., Chisari, R., and Waite, T., 2004, Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite: Applied Clay Science, v. 26, no. 1-4 , p. 151-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42341","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9be4b08c986b31e6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumpkin, G.R.","contributorId":87728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumpkin","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chisari, R.","contributorId":37124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chisari","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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