Methane is a potent greenhouse gas whose emission from sediments in inland waters and shallow oceans may both contribute to global warming and be exacerbated by it. The fraction of methane emitted by sediments that bypasses dissolution in the water column and reaches the atmosphere as bubbles depends on the mode and spatiotemporal characteristics of venting from the sediments. Earlier studies have concluded that hot spots—persistent, high-flux vents—dominate the regional ebullitive flux from submerged sediments. Here the spatial structure, persistence, and variability in the intensity of methane venting are analyzed using a high-resolution multibeam sonar record acquired at the bottom of a lake during multiple deployments over a 9 month period. We confirm that ebullition is strongly episodic, with distinct regimes of high flux and low flux largely controlled by changes in hydrostatic pressure. Our analysis shows that the spatial pattern of ebullition becomes homogeneous at the sonar's resolution over time scales of hours (for high-flux periods) or days (for low-flux periods), demonstrating that vents are ephemeral rather than persistent, and suggesting that long-term, lake-wide ebullition dynamics may be modeled without resolving the fine-scale spatial structure of venting.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068668","usgsCitation":"Scandella, B.P., Pillsbury, L., Weber, T., Ruppel, C., Hemond, H.F., and Juanes, R., 2016, Ephemerality of discrete methane vents in lake sediments: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 9, p. 4374-4381, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068668.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4374","endPage":"4381","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073937","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd68f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scandella, Benjamin P.","contributorId":169274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scandella","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pillsbury, Liam","contributorId":169275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pillsbury","given":"Liam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Thomas","contributorId":50095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":145770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn D.","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juanes, Ruben","contributorId":169276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juanes","given":"Ruben","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170897,"text":"70170897 - 2016 - Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-11T10:46:50","indexId":"70170897","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"In this study, we compared pre-lock-and-dam (ca. 1925) with a modern longitudinal survey of main-channel-bed sediments along a 740-km segment of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) between Davenport, IA, and Cairo, IL. This comparison was undertaken to gain a better understanding of how bed sediments are distributed longitudinally and to assess change since the completion of the UMR lock and dam navigation system and Missouri River dams (i.e., mid-twentieth century). The comparison of the historic and modern longitudinal bed sediment surveys showed similar bed sediment sizes and distributions along the study segment with the majority (> 90%) of bed sediment samples having a median diameter (D50) of fine to coarse sand. The fine tail (≤ D10) of the sediment size distributions was very fine to medium sand, and the coarse tail (≥ D90) of sediment-size distribution was coarse sand to gravel. Coarsest sediments in both surveys were found within or immediately downstream of bedrock-floored reaches. Statistical analysis revealed that the particle-size distributions between the survey samples were statistically identical, suggesting no overall difference in main-channel-bed sediment-size distribution between 1925 and present. This was a surprising result given the magnitude of river engineering undertaken along the study segment over the past ~ 90 years. The absence of substantial differences in main-channel-bed-sediment size suggests that flow competencies within the highly engineered navigation channel today are similar to conditions within the less-engineered historic channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.012","usgsCitation":"Remo, J., Heine, R.A., and Ickes, B., 2016, Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA: Geomorphology, v. 264, p. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070811","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","volume":"264","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd68fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remo, Jonathan","contributorId":169212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remo","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":25439,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Carbondale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, Ruben A.","contributorId":169213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heine","given":"Ruben","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25440,"text":"Augustana College, Rock Island, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ickes, Brian 0000-0001-5622-3842 bickes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-3842","contributorId":2925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"Brian","email":"bickes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170932,"text":"70170932 - 2016 - Three-dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T10:04:44","indexId":"70170932","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend","docAbstract":"Compound meander bends with multiple lobes of maximum curvature are common in actively evolving lowland rivers. Interaction among spatial patterns of mean flow, turbulence, bed morphology, bank failures and channel migration in compound bends is poorly understood. In this paper, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of the three-dimensional (3D) flow velocities in a compound bend are examined to evaluate the influence of channel curvature and hydrologic variability on the structure of flow within the bend. Flow structure at various flow stages is related to changes in bed morphology over the study timeframe. Increases in local curvature within the upstream lobe of the bend reduce outer bank velocities at morphologically significant flows, creating a region that protects the bank from high momentum flow and high bed shear stresses. The dimensionless radius of curvature in the upstream lobe is one-third less than that of the downstream lobe, with average bank erosion rates less than half of the erosion rates for the downstream lobe. Higher bank erosion rates within the downstream lobe correspond to the shift in a core of high velocity and bed shear stresses toward the outer bank as flow moves through the two lobes. These erosion patterns provide a mechanism for continued migration of the downstream lobe in the near future. Bed material size distributions within the bend correspond to spatial patterns of bed shear stress magnitudes, indicating that bed material sorting within the bend is governed by bed shear stress. Results suggest that patterns of flow, sediment entrainment, and planform evolution in compound meander bends are more complex than in simple meander bends. Moreover, interactions among local influences on the flow, such as woody debris, local topographic steering, and locally high curvature, tend to cause compound bends to evolve toward increasing planform complexity over time rather than stable configurations.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/esp.3895","usgsCitation":"Engel, F.L., and Rhoads, B.L., 2016, Three-dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 41, no. 9, p. 1211-1226, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3895.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059802","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ee4b0dae0d5dd691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, Frank L. 0000-0002-4253-2625 fengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-2625","contributorId":5463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Frank","email":"fengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhoads, Bruce L.","contributorId":20248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoads","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169226,"text":"ofr20161051 - 2016 - Streamflow, water quality and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-11T10:59:07","indexId":"ofr20161051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1051","title":"Streamflow, water quality and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014","docAbstract":"Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2014 (October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Providence Water Supply Board in the cooperative study. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the Providence Water Supply Board and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the U.S. Geological Survey during WY 2014 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2014.
The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey) contributed a mean streamflow of 23 cubic feet per second to the reservoir during WY 2014. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.35 to about 14 cubic feet per second. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,200,000 kilograms of sodium and 2,100,000 kilograms of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2014; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 7,700 to 45,000 kilograms per year per square mile and from 12,000 to 75,000 kilograms per year per square mile, respectively.
At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 24 milligrams per liter, median nitrite concentration was 0.002 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was 0.01 milligrams per liter as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 milligrams per liter as phosphate, and median concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were 320 and 20 colony forming units per 100 milliliters, respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria were 62 kilograms per day (42 kilograms per day per square mile), 19 grams per day (6.1 grams per day per square mile), 79 grams per day (36 grams per day per square mile), 380 grams per day (150 grams per day per square mile), 13,000 million colony forming units per day (8,300 million colony forming units per day per square mile), and 1,000 million colony forming units per day (470 million colony forming units per day per square mile), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2016, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1051, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161051.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix 1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069938","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320747,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/ofr20161051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 (MB)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2016-1051"},{"id":320748,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/ofr20161051_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Appendix 1. Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 37 monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014. Excel (30 KB)"},{"id":320746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.738784653087464\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.90304362629451\n ],\n [\n -71.55567169189453,\n 41.90304362629451\n ],\n [\n -71.55567169189453,\n 41.738784653087464\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.738784653087464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Streams and rivers can substantially modify organic carbon (OC) inputs from terrestrial landscapes, and much of this processing is the result of microbial respiration. While carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major end-product of ecosystem respiration, methane (CH4) is also present in many fluvial environments even though methanogenesis typically requires anoxic conditions that may be scarce in these systems. Given recent recognition of the pervasiveness of this greenhouse gas in streams and rivers, we synthesized existing research and data to identify patterns and drivers of CH4, knowledge gaps, and research opportunities. This included examining the history of lotic CH4 research, creating a database of concentrations and fluxes (MethDB) to generate a global-scale estimate of fluvial CH4 efflux, and developing a conceptual framework and using this framework to consider how human activities may modify fluvial CH4 dynamics. Current understanding of CH4 in streams and rivers has been strongly influenced by goals of understanding OC processing and quantifying the contribution of CH4 to ecosystem C fluxes. Less effort has been directed towards investigating processes that dictate in situ CH4 production and loss. CH4 makes a meager contribution to watershed or landscape C budgets, but streams and rivers are often significant CH4 sources to the atmosphere across these same spatial extents. Most fluvial systems are supersaturated with CH4 and we estimate an annual global emission of 26.8 Tg CH4, equivalent to ~15-40% of wetland and lake effluxes, respectively. Less clear is the role of CH4 oxidation, methanogenesis, and total anaerobic respiration to whole ecosystem production and respiration. Controls on CH4 generation and persistence can be viewed in terms of proximate controls that influence methanogenesis (organic matter, temperature, alternative electron acceptors, nutrients) and distal geomorphic and hydrologic drivers. Multiple controls combined with its extreme redox status and low solubility result in high spatial and temporal variance of CH4 in fluvial environments, which presents a substantial challenge for understanding its larger-scale dynamics. Further understanding of CH4 production and consumption, anaerobic metabolism, and ecosystem energetics in streams and rivers can be achieved through more directed studies and comparison with knowledge from terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-1027.1","usgsCitation":"Stanley, E.H., Casson, N.J., Christel, S.T., Crawford, J.T., Loken, L., and Oliver, S., 2016, The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: Patterns, controls, and global significance: Ecological Monographs, v. 86, no. 2, p. 146-171, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1027.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066395","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10680/1574","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499de4b0dae0d5dd690d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casson, Nora J.","contributorId":169271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casson","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christel, Samuel T.","contributorId":169272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christel","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loken, Luke C. lloken@usgs.gov","contributorId":169218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loken","given":"Luke C.","email":"lloken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170899,"text":"70170899 - 2016 - Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:14:56","indexId":"70170899","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The U.S. Corn Belt is one of the most intensive agricultural regions of the world and is drained by the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), which forms one of the largest drainage basins in the U.S. While the effects of agricultural nitrate (NO3-) on water quality in the UMR have been well documented, its impact on the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) has not been reported. Using a novel equilibration technique, we present the largest data set of freshwater dissolved N2O concentrations (0.7 to 6 times saturation) and examine the controls on its variability over a 350 km reach of the UMR. Driven by a supersaturated water column, the UMR was an important atmospheric N2O source (+68 mg N2ONm-2 yr-1) that varies nonlinearly with the NO3-concentration. Our analyses indicated that a projected doubling of the NO3-concentration by 2050 would cause dissolved N2O concentrations and emissions to increase by about 40%.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068710","usgsCitation":"Turner, P., Griffis, T., Baker, J., Lee, X., Crawford, J.T., Loken, L., and Venterea, R., 2016, Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 9, p. 4400-4407, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068710.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4400","endPage":"4407","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071258","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd6903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, P.A.","contributorId":169214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25441,"text":"University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffis, T.J.","contributorId":169215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffis","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25442,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, J.M.","contributorId":169216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25443,"text":"Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, X.","contributorId":169217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25444,"text":"Yale-Nanjing University of Information, Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loken, Luke C. lloken@usgs.gov","contributorId":169218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loken","given":"Luke C.","email":"lloken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Venterea, R.T.","contributorId":53994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venterea","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188601,"text":"70188601 - 2016 - A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-16T12:23:37","indexId":"70188601","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches","docAbstract":"The September 16, 2015 Illapel, Chile earthquake\ntriggered a large tsunami, causing both economic losses and\nfatalities. To study the coastal effects of this earthquake, and to\nunderstand how such hazards might be accurately modeled in the\nfuture, different finite fault models of the Illapel rupture are used to\ndefine the initial condition for tsunami simulation. The numerical\ncode Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE)\nis employed to model the tsunami evolution through the Pacific\nOcean. Because only a short time is available for emergency\nresponse, and since the earthquake and tsunami sources are close to\nthe coast, gaining a rapid understanding of the near-field run-up\nbehavior is highly relevant to Chile. Therefore, an analytical\nsolution of the 2 ? 1 D shallow water wave equations is considered.\nWith this solution, we show that we can quickly estimate the\nrun-up distribution along the coastline, to first order. After the\nearthquake and tsunami, field observations were measured in the\nsurrounded coastal region, where the tsunami resulted in significant\nrun-up. First, we compare the analytical and numerical solutions to\ntest the accuracy of the analytical approach and the field observations,\nimplying the analytic approach can accurately model tsunami\nrun-up after an earthquake, without sacrificing the time necessary\nfor a full numerical inversion. Then, we compare both with field\nrun-up measurements. We observe the consistency between the two\napproaches. To complete the analysis, a tsunami source inversion is\nperformed using run-up field measurements only. These inversion\nresults are compared with seismic models, and are shown to capture\nthe broad-scale details of those models, without the necessity of the\ndetailed data sets they invert.","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00024-016-1305-0","usgsCitation":"Fuentes, M., Riquelme, S., Hayes, G.P., Medina, M., Melgar, D., Vargas, G., Gonzalez, J., and Villalobos, A., 2016, A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 173, p. 1847-1858, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1305-0.","productDescription":"12 p. 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2016 - Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:29:34","indexId":"70170904","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts","docAbstract":"Temperate grasslands have suffered disproportionally from conversion to cropland, degradation and fragmentation. A large proportion of the world’s remaining near-natural grassland is situated in Kazakhstan. We aimed to assess current and emerging threats to steppe and semi-desert biodiversity in Kazakhstan and evaluate conservation research priorities. We conducted a horizon-scanning exercise among conservationists from academia and practice. We first compiled a list of 45 potential threats. These were then ranked by the survey participants according to their perceived severity, the need for research on them, and their novelty. The highest-ranked threats were related to changes in land use (leading to habitat loss and deterioration), direct persecution of wildlife, and rapid infrastructure development due to economic and population growth. Research needs were identified largely in the same areas, and the mean scores of threat severity and research need were highly correlated. Novel threats comprised habitat loss by photovoltaic and wind power stations, climate change and changes in agriculture such as the introduction of biofuels. However, novelty was not correlated with threat severity or research priority, suggesting that the most severe threats are the established ones. Important goals towards more effective steppe and semi-desert conservation in Kazakhstan include more cross-sector collaboration (e.g. by involving stakeholders in conservation and agriculture), greater allocation of funds to under-staffed areas (e.g. protected area management), better representativeness and complementarity in the protected area system and enhanced data collection for wildlife monitoring and threat assessments (including the use of citizen-science databases).
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s10531-016-1083-0","usgsCitation":"Kamp, J., Koshkin, M.A., Bragina, T.M., Katzner, T., Milner-Gulland, E., Schreiber, D., Sheldon, R., Shmalenko, A., Smelansky, I., Terraube, J., and Urazaliev, R., 2016, Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 25, no. 12, p. 2521-2541, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1083-0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2521","endPage":"2541","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072885","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52eb1886-2ef5-4c70-bf17-b0a616f99a04","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 55.25407706707272\n ],\n [\n 85.7373046875,\n 55.25407706707272\n ],\n [\n 85.7373046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5732f820e4b0dae0d5dc6443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamp, Johannes","contributorId":169223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamp","given":"Johannes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25445,"text":"University of Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koshkin, Maxim A","contributorId":169224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koshkin","given":"Maxim","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":16617,"text":"University of East Anglia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragina, Tatyana M","contributorId":169225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragina","given":"Tatyana","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25446,"text":"Kostanai State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milner-Gulland, E. 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Grasslands store approximately one-third of all terrestrial carbon and may become carbon sources during droughts. However, the magnitude and duration of drought-induced disruptions to the carbon cycle, as well as the mechanisms responsible, remain poorly understood. Over the next century, global climate models predict an increase in two types of drought: chronic but subtle ‘press-droughts’, and shorter term but extreme ‘pulse-droughts’. Much of our current understanding of the ecological impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations. These studies have been highly valuable, but are often short term and rarely quantify carbon feedbacks. To address this knowledge gap, we used the Community Land Model 4.0 to examine the individual and interactive effects of pulse- and press-droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of the US Great Plains. A series of modeling experiments were imposed by varying drought magnitude (precipitation amount) and interannual pattern (press- vs. pulse-droughts) to examine the effects on carbon storage and cycling at annual to century timescales. We present three main findings. First, a single-year pulse-drought had immediate and prolonged effects on carbon storage due to differential sensitivities of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Second, short-term pulse-droughts caused greater carbon loss than chronic press-droughts when total precipitation reductions over a 20-year period were equivalent. Third, combining pulse- and press-droughts had intermediate effects on carbon loss compared to the independent drought types, except at high drought levels. Overall, these results suggest that interannual drought pattern may be as important for carbon dynamics as drought magnitude and that extreme droughts may have long-lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13161","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D.L., and Rogers, B.M., 2016, Not all droughts are created equal: The impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 1809-1820, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13161.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1809","endPage":"1820","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066574","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5732f81ee4b0dae0d5dc643f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, David L. dlhoover@usgs.gov","contributorId":5843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"David","email":"dlhoover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Brendan M.","contributorId":169247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25456,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170912,"text":"70170912 - 2016 - POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:50:15","indexId":"70170912","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"A new complete map of soil series probabilities has been produced for the contiguous United States at a 30 m spatial resolution. This innovative database, named POLARIS, is constructed using available high-resolution geospatial environmental data and a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm (DSMART-HPC) to remap the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. This 9 billion grid cell database is possible using available high performance computing resources. POLARIS provides a spatially continuous, internally consistent, quantitative prediction of soil series. It offers potential solutions to the primary weaknesses in SSURGO: 1) unmapped areas are gap-filled using survey data from the surrounding regions, 2) the artificial discontinuities at political boundaries are removed, and 3) the use of high resolution environmental covariate data leads to a spatial disaggregation of the coarse polygons. The geospatial environmental covariates that have the largest role in assembling POLARIS over the contiguous United States (CONUS) are fine-scale (30 m) elevation data and coarse-scale (~ 2 km) estimates of the geographic distribution of uranium, thorium, and potassium. A preliminary validation of POLARIS using the NRCS National Soil Information System (NASIS) database shows variable performance over CONUS. In general, the best performance is obtained at grid cells where DSMART-HPC is most able to reduce the chance of misclassification. The important role of environmental covariates in limiting prediction uncertainty suggests including additional covariates is pivotal to improving POLARIS' accuracy. This database has the potential to improve the modeling of biogeochemical, water, and energy cycles in environmental models; enhance availability of data for precision agriculture; and assist hydrologic monitoring and forecasting to ensure food and water security.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025","usgsCitation":"Chaney, N.W., Wood, E.F., McBratney, A., Hempel, J.W., Nauman, T.W., Brungard, C.W., and Odgers, N.P., 2016, POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States: Geoderma, v. 274, p. 54-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069596","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBratney, Alexander B","contributorId":169245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBratney","given":"Alexander B","affiliations":[{"id":25455,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hempel, Jonathan W","contributorId":169244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hempel","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":25454,"text":"National Soil Survey Center, NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nauman, Travis W. 0000-0001-8004-0608 tnauman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0608","contributorId":169241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","email":"tnauman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brungard, Colby W.","contributorId":99488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brungard","given":"Colby","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Odgers, Nathan P","contributorId":169246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odgers","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":25454,"text":"National Soil Survey Center, NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70171093,"text":"70171093 - 2016 - Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:03:13","indexId":"70171093","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources","docAbstract":"In the coming century, climate change is projected to impact precipitation and temperature regimes worldwide, with especially large effects in drylands. We use big sagebrush ecosystems as a model dryland ecosystem to explore the impacts of altered climate on ecohydrology and the implications of those changes for big sagebrush plant communities using output from 10 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). We ask: 1) What is the magnitude of variability in future temperature and precipitation regimes among GCMs and RCPs for big sagebrush ecosystems and 2) How will altered climate and uncertainty in climate forecasts influence key aspects of big sagebrush water balance? We explored these questions across 1980-2010, 2030-2060, and 2070-2100 to determine how changes in water balance might develop through the 21st century. We assessed ecohydrological variables at 898 sagebrush sites across the western US using a process-based soil water model, SOILWAT to model all components of daily water balance using site-specific vegetation parameters and site-specific soil properties for multiple soil layers. Our modeling approach allowed for changes in vegetation based on climate. Temperature increased across all GCMs and RCPs, while changes in precipitation were more variable across GCMs. Winter and spring precipitation was predicted to increase in the future (7% by 2030-2060, 12% by 2070-2100), resulting in slight increases in soil water potential (SWP) in winter. Despite wetter winter soil conditions, SWP decreased in late spring and summer due to increased evapotranspiration (6% by 2030-2060, 10% by 2070-2100) and groundwater recharge (26% and 30% increase by 2030-2060 and 2070-2100). Thus, despite increased precipitation in the cold season, soils may dry out earlier in the year, resulting in potentially longer drier summer conditions. If winter precipitation cannot offset drier summer conditions in the future, we expect big sagebrush regeneration and survival will be negatively impacted, potentially resulting in shifts in the relative abundance of big sagebrush plant functional groups. Our results also highlight the importance of assessing multiple GCMs to understand the range of climate change outcomes on ecohydrology, which was contingent on the GCM chosen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1457","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, K.A., Schlaepfer, D., Bradford, J.B., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2016, Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources: Ecology, v. 97, no. 9, p. 2342-2354, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1457.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2342","endPage":"2354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066807","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5740354de4b07e28b65e9697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lauenroth, Willliam K.","contributorId":169518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"Willliam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171533,"text":"70171533 - 2016 - Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T11:25:03","indexId":"70171533","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-09T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines","docAbstract":"Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it is likely to exacerbate many identified threats to animal populations. In recent decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American bird species, a loss thought to be due to habitat loss and fragmentation and changing agricultural practices. Climate change poses additional threats of unknown magnitude to these already declining populations. We examined how seasonal and daily weather conditions over 10 years influenced nest survival of five species of insectivorous passerines native to the shortgrass prairie and evaluate our findings relative to future climate predictions for this region. Daily nest survival (n = 870) was best predicted by a combination of daily and seasonal weather variables, age of nest, time in season and bird habitat guild. Within a season, survival rates were lower on very hot days (temperatures ≥ 35 °C), on dry days (with a lag of 1 day) and on stormy days (especially for those species nesting in shorter vegetation). Across years, survival rates were also lower during warmer and drier breeding seasons. Clutch sizes were larger when early spring temperatures were cool and the week prior to egg-laying was wetter and warming. Climate change is likely to exacerbate grassland bird population declines because projected climate conditions include rising temperatures, more prolonged drought and more intense storms as the hydrological cycle is altered. Under varying realistic scenarios, nest success estimates were halved compared to their current average value when models both increased the temperature (3 °C) and decreased precipitation (two additional dry days during a nesting period), thus underscoring a sense of urgency in identifying and addressing the current causes of range-wide declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ornithologists' Union","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12373","collaboration":"Reesa Conrey; Amy A. Yackel Adams; Arvind Panjabi","usgsCitation":"Conrey, R.Y., Skagen, S., Yackel, A., and Panjabi, A.O., 2016, Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines: Ibis, v. 158, no. 3, p. 614-629, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12373.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"629","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070119","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b1e4b053f0edd03c44","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ibi.12373","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12373","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Conrey Reesa Y., Skagen Susan K., Yackel Adams Amy A., Panjabi Arvind O.","journalName":"Ibis","publicationDate":"5/9/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrey, Reesa Y.","contributorId":169966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrey","given":"Reesa","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":167829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan K.","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackel, Amy 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":152310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panjabi, Arvind O.","contributorId":169967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panjabi","given":"Arvind","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171092,"text":"70171092 - 2016 - Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T10:14:28","indexId":"70171092","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-09T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced emissions standards, known as Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), for a range of toxic constituents from coal-fired utility power stations and other combustion sources. This report presents the findings of an expert panel convened in September 2014 to assess the role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in new coal investigations that would be useful to stakeholders under MATS. Panel input is provided as summaries of responses to a questionnaire distributed to participants. The panel suggests that the USGS continue its work on trace elements in coal and include more information about delivered coals and boiler feed coals, in comparison to previous USGS compilations that emphasized sampling representative of coals in the ground. To be useful under multipollutant regulatory standards, investigation of a range of constituents in addition to mercury would be necessary. These include other toxic metals proposed for regulation, such as arsenic, nickel, cadmium, and chromium, as well as the halogens chlorine and fluorine, which upon emission form harmful acid gases. Halogen determinations are also important because they influence mercury speciation in flue gas, which allows the effectiveness of mercury controls to be assessed and predicted. The panel suggests that the Illinois Basin and the Powder River Basin should have the highest priority for new coal quality investigations in the near term by the USGS, on the basis of current economic conditions and overall economic importance, respectively. As a starting point for new investigations, brief summaries of the distribution of mercury in each coal basin, and their potential for further investigation, are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161033","usgsCitation":"Kolker, Allan, 2016, Mercury in U.S. coal—Priorities for new U.S. Geological Survey studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1033, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161033. ","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066372","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1033/ofr20161033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1033"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
956 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Telephone: 703-648-6401
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx
Population-level reproductive success (recruitment) of many fish populations is characterized by high inter-annual variation and related to annual variation in key environmental factors (e.g., climate). When such environmental factors are annually correlated across broad spatial scales, spatially separated populations may display recruitment synchrony (i.e., the Moran effect). We investigated inter-annual (1966–2008) variation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens, Percidae) recruitment using 16 datasets describing populations located in four of the five Laurentian Great Lakes (Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Ontario) and Lake St. Clair. We indexed relative year class strength using catch-curve residuals for each year-class across 2–4 years and compared relative year-class strength among sampling locations. Results indicate that perch recruitment is positively synchronized across the region. In addition, the spatial scale of this synchrony appears to be broader than previous estimates for both yellow perch and freshwater fish in general. To investigate potential factors influencing relative year-class strength, we related year-class strength to regional indices of annual climatic conditions (spring-summer air temperature, winter air temperature, and spring precipitation) using data from 14 weather stations across the Great Lakes region. We found that mean spring-summer temperature is significantly positively related to recruitment success among Great Lakes yellow perch populations.
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V.","contributorId":47629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knight, Carey T.","contributorId":56529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Carey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chong, Stephen","contributorId":32013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":150480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186267,"text":"70186267 - 2016 - Use of mussel casts from archaeological sites as paleoecological indicators: An example from CA-MRN-254, Marin County, Alta California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:50:32","indexId":"70186267","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5361,"text":"California Archaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of mussel casts from archaeological sites as paleoecological indicators: An example from CA-MRN-254, Marin County, Alta California","docAbstract":"Archaeological investigations at prehistoric site CA-MRN-254 at the Dominican University of California in Marin County, California, revealed evidence of Native American occupation spanning the past 1,800 years. A dominant source of food for the inhabitants in the San Francisco Bay area was the intertidal, quiet-water dwelling blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus), although rare occurrences of the open coast-dwelling California mussel (Mytilus californianus) suggest that this species was also utilized sporadically. On rare occasions, cultural horizons at this site contain abundant sediment-filled casts of the smaller mussel Modiolus sp. These casts were formed soon after death when the shells filled with sediment and were roasted along with living bivalve shellfish for consumption. Thin sections of these mussel casts display sedimentological and microbiological constituents that shed light on the paleoenvironmental conditions when they were alive. Fine-grained sediment and pelletal muds comprising these casts suggest that the mussels were collected in a low energy, inner bay environment. The rare presence of the diatoms Triceratium dubium and Thalassionema nitzschioides indicate more normal marine (35 psu) and possibly warmer conditions than presently exist in San Francisco Bay. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal associated with the mussel casts containing these diatoms correlates with a 600-year period of warming from ca. A.D. 700–1300, known as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Results of this mussel cast study demonstrate that they have great potential for providing paleoenvironmental information at this and other archaeological sites.
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Refuges also serve as focal sites for social interactions, including mating, courtship, and aggression. Knowledge of refuge use patterns can therefore provide information about social structure, mating, and foraging success, as well as the robustness and health of wildlife populations, especially for species considered to be relatively solitary. In this study, we construct networks of burrow use to infer social associations in a threatened wildlife species typically considered solitary—the desert tortoise. We show that tortoise social networks are significantly different than null networks of random associations, and have moderate spatial constraints. We next use statistical models to identify major mechanisms behind individual-level variation in tortoise burrow use, popularity of burrows in desert tortoise habitat, and test for stressor-driven changes in refuge use patterns. We show that seasonal variation has a strong impact on tortoise burrow switching behavior. On the other hand, burrow age and topographical condition influence the number of tortoises visiting a burrow in desert tortoise habitat. Of three major population stressors affecting this species (translocation, drought, disease), translocation alters tortoise burrow switching behavior, with translocated animals visiting fewer unique burrows than residents. In a species that is not social, our study highlights the importance of leveraging refuge use behavior to study the presence of and mechanisms behind non-random social structure and individual-level variation. Our analysis of the impact of stressors on refuge-based social structure further emphasizes the potential of this method to detect environmental or anthropogenic disturbances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00265-016-2136-9","usgsCitation":"Sah, P., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., Aiello, C.M., Hudson, P., and Bansal, S., 2016, Inferring social structure and its drivers from refuge use in the desert tortoise, a relatively solitary species: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 70, no. 8, p. 1277-1289, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2136-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1277","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068721","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/025494","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5740354ae4b07e28b65e9657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sah, Pratha","contributorId":127768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sah","given":"Pratha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7145,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":127766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiello, Christina M. 0000-0002-2399-5464 caiello@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-5464","contributorId":5617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Christina","email":"caiello@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bansal, Shweta","contributorId":168595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bansal","given":"Shweta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25339,"text":"Dep't of Biology, Georgetown U., Washington D.C., NIH, Bethesda, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169357,"text":"sir20165036 - 2016 - Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River at Shoals, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-18T09:55:41","indexId":"sir20165036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-06T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5036","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River at Shoals, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.9-mile reach of the East Fork White River at Shoals, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the East Fork White River at Shoals, Ind. (USGS station number 03373500). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site (NWS AHPS site SHLI3). NWS AHPS forecast peak stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
Flood profiles were computed for the East Fork White River reach by means of a one-dimensional, step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation (USGS rating no. 43.0) at USGS streamgage 03373500, East Fork White River at Shoals, Ind. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to compute 26 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from approximately bankfull (10 ft) to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve (35 ft). The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM), derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data, to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The areal extent of the 24-ft flood-inundation map was verified with photographs from a flood event on July 20, 2015.
The availability of these maps, along with information on the Internet regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at East Fork White River at Shoals, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
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Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses were done for selected reaches of five streams in and near Shelby, Richland County, Ohio. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, conducted these analyses on the Black Fork Mohican River and four tributaries: Seltzer Park Creek, Seltzer Park Tributary, Tuby Run, and West Branch. Drainage areas of the four stream reaches studied range from 0.51 to 60.3 square miles. The analyses included estimation of the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual-exceedance probability (AEP) flood-peak discharges using the USGS Ohio StreamStats application. Peak discharge estimates, along with cross-sectional and hydraulic structure geometries, and estimates of channel roughness coefficients were used as input to step-backwater models. The step-backwater water models were used to determine water-surface elevation profiles of four flood-peak discharges and a regulatory floodway. This study involved the installation of, and data collection at, a streamflow-gaging station (Black Fork Mohican River at Shelby, Ohio, 03129197), precipitation gage (Rain gage at Reservoir Number Two at Shelby, Ohio, 405209082393200), and seven submersible pressure transducers on six selected river reaches. Two precipitation-runoff models, one for the winter events and one for nonwinter events for the headwaters of the Black Fork Mohican River, were developed and calibrated using the data collected. With the exception of the runoff curve numbers, all other parameters used in the two precipitation-runoff models were identical. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients were 0.737, 0.899, and 0.544 for the nonwinter events and 0.850 and 0.671 for the winter events. Both of the precipitation-runoff models underestimated the total volume of water, with residual runoff ranging from -0.27 inches to -1.53 inches. The results of this study can be used to assess possible mitigation options and define flood hazard areas that will contribute to the protection of life and property. This study could also assist emergency managers, community officials, and residents in determining when flooding may occur and planning evacuation routes during a flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Huitger, C.A, Ostheimer, C.J., and Koltun, G.F., 2016, Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for the Black Fork Mohican River Basin in and near Shelby, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5187, 39 p., 2 appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155187.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 5 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060945","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320916,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/appendix/sir20155187_appendix1-table1-1.csv","text":"Appendix 1 - Table 1-1","size":"84.1 KB csv","description":"SIR 2015-5187"},{"id":320915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/sir20155187.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5187"},{"id":320917,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/appendix/sir20155187_appendix1-table1-2.csv","text":"Appendix 1 - Table 1-2","size":"62 KB csv","description":"SIR 2015-5187"},{"id":320914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320919,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/appendix/sir20155187_appendix1-table1-4.csv","text":"Appendix 1 - Table 1-4","size":"50 KB csv","description":"SIR 2015-5187"},{"id":320918,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/appendix/sir20155187_appendix1-table1-3.csv","text":"Appendix 1 - Table 1-3","size":"19 KB csv","description":"SIR 2015-5187"},{"id":320920,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5187/appendix/sir20155187_appendix1-table1-5.csv","text":"Appendix 1 - Table 1-5","size":"22 KB csv","description":"SIR 2015-5187"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Shelby","otherGeospatial":"Black Fork Mohican River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.70902633666992,\n 40.83563216247778\n ],\n [\n -82.70902633666992,\n 40.91934991356069\n ],\n [\n -82.61959075927734,\n 40.91934991356069\n ],\n [\n -82.61959075927734,\n 40.83563216247778\n ],\n [\n -82.70902633666992,\n 40.83563216247778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
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Hurricane Sandy made landfall in Barnegat Bay, October, 29, 2012, damaging shorelines and infrastructure. Estuarine sediment chemistry and toxicity were investigated before and after to evaluate potential environmental health impacts and to establish post-event baseline sediment-quality conditions. Trace element concentrations increased throughout Barnegat Bay up to two orders of magnitude, especially north of Barnegat Inlet, consistent with northward redistribution of silt. Loss of organic compounds, clay, and organic carbon is consistent with sediment winnowing and transport through the inlets and sediment transportmodeling results. The number of sites exceeding sediment quality guidance levels for trace elements tripled post-Sandy. Sediment toxicity post-Sandy was mostly unaffected relative to pre-Sandy conditions, but at the site with the greatest relative increase for trace elements, survival rate of the test amphipod decreased (indicating degradation). This study would not have been possible without comprehensive baseline data enabling the evaluation of storm-derived changes in sediment quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.018","usgsCitation":"Romanok, K., Szabo, Z., Reilly, T.J., Defne, Z., and Ganju, N., 2016, Sediment chemistry and toxicity in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: Pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012–13: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 472-488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.018.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"488","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068252","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.97894287109375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -74.97894287109375,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -74.97894287109375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57403559e4b07e28b65e9705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. 0000-0002-8472-8765 kromanok@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-8765","contributorId":169543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M. ","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":149613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170609,"text":"sir20165056 - 2016 - Evaluation of background concentrations of selected chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-24T13:54:47","indexId":"sir20165056","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-05T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5056","title":"Evaluation of background concentrations of selected chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Oversight Program in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy determined background concentrations of selected chemical and radiochemical constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer to aid with ongoing cleanup efforts at the INL. Chemical and radiochemical constituents including calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silica, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, bicarbonate, chromium, nitrate, tritium, strontium-90, chlorine-36, iodine-129, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), americium-241, technetium-99, uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238 were selected for the background study because they were either not analyzed in earlier studies or new data became available to give a more recent determination of background concentrations. Samples of water collected from wells and springs at and near the INL that were not believed to be influenced by wastewater disposal were used to identify background concentrations. Groundwater in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the INL was divided into two major water types (western tributary and eastern regional) based on concentrations of lithium less than and greater than 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Median concentrations for each constituent were used to define the upper limit of background.
\nThe upper limit of background concentrations for inorganic chemicals for western tributary water was 40.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for calcium, 15.3 mg/L for magnesium, 8.30 mg/L for sodium, 2.32 mg/L for potassium, 23.1 mg/L for silica, 11.8 mg/L for chloride, 21.4 mg/L for sulfate, 0.20 mg/L for fluoride, 176 mg/L for bicarbonate, 4.00 μg/L for chromium, and 0.655 mg/L for nitrate.
\nThe upper limit of background concentrations for inorganic chemicals for eastern regional water was 34.05 mg/L for calcium, 13.85 mg/L for magnesium, 14.85 mg/L for sodium, 3.22 mg/L for potassium, 31.0 mg/L for silica, 14.15 mg/L for chloride, 20.2 mg/L for sulfate, 0.4675 mg/L for fluoride, 165 mg/L for bicarbonate, 3.00 μg/L for chromium, and 0.995 mg/L for nitrate.
\nThe upper limit of background concentrations for radiochemical constituents for western tributary water was 34.15 ±2.35 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for tritium, 0.00098 ±0.00006 pCi/L for chlorine-36, 0.000011 ±0.000005 pCi/L for iodine-129, <0.0000054 pCi/L for technetium-99, 0 pCi/L for strontium-90, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), and americium-241, 1.36 pCi/L with undetermined uncertainty for uranium-234, 0.025 ±0.001 pCi/L for uranium-235, and 0.541 ±0.001 pCi/L for uranium-238.
\nThe upper limit of background concentrations for radiochemical constituents for eastern regional water was 5.43 ±0.574 pCi/L for tritium, 0.0002048 ±0.0000054 pCi/L for chlorine-36, 0.000000865 ±0.000000015 pCi/L for iodine-129, <0.0000054 pCi/L for technetium-99, 0 pCi/L for strontium-90, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), and americium-241, 1.32 ±0.77 pCi/L for uranium-234, 0.016 ±0.012 pCi/L for uranium-235, and 0.477 ±0.044 pCi/L for uranium-238.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., and Hall, L.F., 2016, Evaluation of background concentrations of selected chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5056, (DOE/ID-22237), 19 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165056.","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; Appendixes A-C","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065188","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5056/sir20165056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5056 Report PDF"},{"id":321011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5056/sir20165056_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"36 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5056 Appendix A"},{"id":321009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321012,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5056/sir20165056_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"75 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5056 Appendix B"},{"id":321013,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5056/sir20165056_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"81 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5056 Appendix C"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.75,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -113.75,\n 43.30\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 43.30\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -113.75,\n 44.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
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U.S. Department of the Interior
North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617
Raleigh, NC 27695
(919) 515-2229
https://www.doi.gov/csc/southeast/
A groundwater-flow model was developed to improve understanding of water resources on the Kitsap Peninsula. The Kitsap Peninsula is in the Puget Sound lowland of west-central Washington, is bounded by Puget Sound on the east and by Hood Canal on the west, and covers an area of about 575 square miles. The peninsula encompasses all of Kitsap County, Mason County north of Hood Canal, and part of Pierce County west of Puget Sound. The peninsula is surrounded by saltwater, and the hydrologic setting is similar to that of an island. The study area is underlain by a thick sequence of unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits that overlie sedimentary and volcanic bedrock units that crop out in the central part of the study area. Twelve hydrogeologic units consisting of aquifers, confining units, and an underlying bedrock unit form the basis of the groundwater-flow model.
Groundwater flow on the Kitsap Peninsula was simulated using the groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW‑NWT. The finite difference model grid comprises 536 rows, 362 columns, and 14 layers. Each model cell has a horizontal dimension of 500 by 500 feet, and the model contains a total of 1,227,772 active cells. Groundwater flow was simulated for transient conditions. Transient conditions were simulated for January 1985–December 2012 using annual stress periods for 1985–2004 and monthly stress periods for 2005–2012. During model calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences between measured and simulated groundwater levels and stream baseflows. As calibrated to transient conditions, the model has a standard deviation for heads and flows of 47.04 feet and 2.46 cubic feet per second, respectively.
Simulated inflow to the model area for the 2005–2012 period from precipitation and secondary recharge was 585,323 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) (93 percent of total simulated inflow ignoring changes in storage), and simulated inflow from stream and lake leakage was 43,905 acre-ft/yr (7 percent of total simulated inflow). Simulated outflow from the model primarily was through discharge to streams, lakes, springs, seeps, and Puget Sound (594,595 acre-ft/yr; 95 percent of total simulated outflow excluding changes in storage) and through withdrawals from wells (30,761 acre-ft/yr; 5 percent of total simulated outflow excluding changes in storage).
Six scenarios were formulated with input from project stakeholders and were simulated using the calibrated model to provide representative examples of how the model could be used to evaluate the effects on water levels and stream baseflows of potential changes in groundwater withdrawals, in consumptive use, and in recharge. These included simulations of a steady-state system, no-pumping and return flows, 15-percent increase in current withdrawals in all wells, 80-percent decrease in outdoor water to simulate effects of conservation efforts, 15-percent decrease in recharge from precipitation to simulate a drought, and particle tracking to determine flow paths.
Changes in water-level altitudes and baseflow amounts vary depending on the stress applied to the system in these various scenarios. Reducing recharge by 15 percent between 2005 and 2012 had the largest effect, with water-level altitudes declining throughout the model domain and baseflow amounts decreasing by as much as 18 percent compared to baseline conditions. Changes in pumping volumes had a smaller effect on the model. Removing all pumping and resulting return flows caused increased water-level altitudes in many areas and increased baseflow amounts of between 1 and 3 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Public Utility District No. 1 of Kitsap County","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M. and Olsen, T.D., 2016, Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system of the Kitsap Peninsula, west-central Washington (ver. 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5052, 63 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165052.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071099","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5052/versionHist.txt","size":"544 bytes","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5052 Version 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U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Knowledge about vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily is scanty. We analysed five sites to fill this gap and used terrestrial plant macrofossils to establish robust radiocarbon chronologies. Palynological records from Gorgo Tondo, Gorgo Lungo, Marcato Cixé, Urgo Pietra Giordano and Gorgo Pollicino show that under natural or near natural conditions, deciduous forests (Quercus pubescens, Q. cerris, Fraxinus ornus, Ulmus), that included a substantial portion of evergreen broadleaved species (Q. suber, Q. ilex, Hedera helix), prevailed in the upper meso-mediterranean belt. Mesophilous deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees (Fagus sylvatica, Ilex aquifolium) dominated in the natural or quasi-natural forests of the oro-mediterranean belt. Forests were repeatedly opened for agricultural purposes. Fire activity was closely associated with farming, providing evidence that burning was a primary land use tool since Neolithic times. Land use and fire activity intensified during the Early Neolithic at 5000 bc, at the onset of the Bronze Age at 2500 bc and at the onset of the Iron Age at 800 bc. Our data and previous studies suggest that the large majority of open land communities in Sicily, from the coastal lowlands to the mountain areas below the thorny-cushion Astragalus belt (ca. 1,800 m a.s.l.), would rapidly develop into forests if land use ceased. Mesophilous Fagus-Ilex forests developed under warm mid Holocene conditions and were resilient to the combined impacts of humans and climate. The past ecology suggests a resilience of these summer-drought adapted communities to climate warming of about 2 °C. Hence, they may be particularly suited to provide heat and drought-adaptedFagus sylvatica ecotypes for maintaining drought-sensitive Central European beech forests under global warming conditions.
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Although the importance of these subsidies for riverine ecosystems is increasingly recognized, little is known about how they may be influenced by global environmental change. Drawing from available evidence, in this review we propose a conceptual framework to evaluate the effects of global change on the quality and spatiotemporal dynamics of stream–terrestrial subsidies. We illustrate how changes to hydrological and temperature regimes, atmospheric CO2 concentration, land use and the distribution of nonindigenous species can influence subsidy fluxes by affecting the biology and ecology of donor and recipient systems and the physical characteristics of stream–riparian boundaries. Climate-driven changes in the physiology and phenology of organisms with complex life cycles will influence their development time, body size and emergence patterns, with consequences for adjacent terrestrial consumers. Also, novel species interactions can modify subsidy dynamics via complex bottom-up and top-down effects. Given the seasonality and pulsed nature of subsidies, alterations of the temporal and spatial synchrony of resource availability to consumers across ecosystems are likely to result in ecological mismatches that can scale up from individual responses, to communities, to ecosystems. Similarly, altered hydrology, temperature, CO2 concentration and land use will modify the recruitment and quality of riparian vegetation, the timing of leaf abscission and the establishment of invasive riparian species. Along with morphological changes to stream–terrestrial boundaries, these will alter the use and fluxes of allochthonous subsidies associated with stream ecosystems. Future research should aim to understand how subsidy dynamics will be affected by key drivers of global change, including agricultural intensification, increasing water use and biotic homogenization. Our conceptual framework based on the match–mismatch between donor and recipient organisms may facilitate understanding of the multiple effects of global change and aid in the development of future research questions.
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