Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from a Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) compressor station in Hinkley, California, in the western Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. In 2015, the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater in Hinkley and Water Valleys was uncertain, but some Cr(VI) in groundwater may be naturally occurring from rock and aquifer material.
To evaluate potential sources of natural Cr(VI), chromium and other selected trace-element concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with multi-acid digestion, on 34 samples of surficial alluvium and core material from Hinkley and Water Valleys, California, and on 2 samples of alluvium from the mafic Sheep Creek fan to the southwest. Chromium concentrations in Hinkley and Water Valleys ranged from 2 to 110 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), with a median concentration of 14 mg/kg; concentrations were highest in weathered mafic hornblende diorite associated with Iron Mountain. High chromium concentrations also were present within fine-textured materials and visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains. For comparison, chromium concentrations as high as 170 mg/kg were measured in mafic alluvium from the Sheep Creek fan. In contrast, chromium concentrations were lowest in Mojave-type deposits (Mojave River stream and lake margin deposits), with a median of 6 mg/kg. Chromium concentrations measured by ICP-MS compared favorably with concentrations measured by portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF; chapter B), on the basis of least-squares regression results and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.
Minerals in bulk samples and the heavy (dense) mineral fractions isolated from those samples were identified using optical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quartz and feldspar were the most abundant minerals, especially within recent and older Mojave River deposits. Chromium concentrations were as high as 1,250 mg/kg in the heavy-mineral fraction, with specific gravity greater than 3.32. Chromium was not commonly detected in the light-mineral fraction, with specific gravity less than 2.85. Most chromium within the heavy-mineral fraction was substituted within magnetite mineral grains less than 100 micrometers (μm) in diameter, and almost no chromite was present within the heavy-mineral fraction. Although magnetite is resistive to weathering, weathering of magnetite to hematite was identified (1) in Miocene materials underlying unconsolidated deposits in the western subarea of Hinkley Valley and (2) in alluvium within Water Valley that contains weathered minerals eroded from Miocene rock. Less-dense, more easily weathered chromium-containing amphiboles, such as actinolite in older Mojave River alluvium and hornblende in locally derived alluvium from Iron Mountain, were identified optically. Magnetite was not identified in weathered hornblende diorite and was less abundant in locally derived materials and in Miocene materials than in Mojave-type deposits. A comparison of ICP-MS data and sequential extraction data shows that approximately 90 percent of chromium in aquifer material within Hinkley and Water Valleys was not extractable and was interpreted to reside within unweathered mineral grains. Most extractable chromium was within the strong acid extractable fraction. Chromium within the weakly sorbed, and specifically sorbed extractable fractions in oxide accumulations within the regulatory Cr(VI) plume is potentially mobile into groundwater with changes in ionic strength or pH.
Although Hinkley and Water Valleys are regionally low in chromium, natural geologic sources of chromium may be present in aquifer materials penetrated by wells completed in (1) weathered hornblende diorite bedrock underlying the western subarea; (2) Miocene deposits underlying the western subarea and unconsolidated material in the northern subarea and Water Valley containing basalt or weathered minerals eroded from Miocene deposits; (3) unconsolidated material containing visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains that are present near the water table and near lithologic or geologic contacts; and (4) brown clay and mudflat/playa deposits in the northern subarea. Brown clay and mudflat/playa deposits in the eastern subarea near Mount General have a low-chromium, felsic mineralogy similar to Mojave River deposits and do not contain high concentrations of chromium; however, manganese(IV) oxides within these materials may facilitate oxidation of trivalent chromium, Cr(III), to Cr(VI).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Groover, K.D., Izbicki, J.A., Benzel, W., Morrison, J., and Foster, A.L., 2023, Chromium in minerals and selected aquifer materials, Chapter C of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-C, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885C.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 49 p.; 3 Data Releases; Appendix","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416255,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":416254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416257,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/pp1885c.pdf","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416256,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY.","text":"Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California","description":"Foster, A.L., Wright, E.G., , Bobb, C., Choy, D., and Miller, L.G., 2023, Optical petrography, bulk chemistry, micro-scale mineralogy/chemistry, and bulk/micro-scale speciation of solid phases used in chromium sequestration and re-oxidation experiments with sand and sediment from Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENBLGY."},{"id":416258,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/pp1885c.xml"},{"id":416259,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/images"},{"id":416320,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/c/tables/pp1885c_appendtable_c.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table C.1.1","size":"100 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":417460,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) compressor station in Hinkley, California, in the western Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. In 2015, the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater in Hinkley and Water Valleys was uncertain, and some Cr(VI) in groundwater may be naturally occurring from rock and aquifer material.
On the basis of more than 1,500 portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) measurements on more than 250 samples of rock, surficial alluvium, and core material from selected wells in Hinkley and Water Valleys, chromium concentrations are commonly low compared to the average bulk continental abundance of 185 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). However, chromium concentrations are as high as 530 mg/kg in mafic hornblende diorite that crops out along the western margin of Hinkley Valley in Iron Mountain. Other chromium-containing rocks in the area are either (1) not consistently high in chromium, (2) have limited areal extent, or (3) in the case of basalt, are present only in Water Valley.
Chromium concentrations in core material adjacent to the screened intervals of wells sampled for water chemistry and isotopic composition as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Cr(VI) background study ranged from less than the study reporting level (SRL) of 5 mg/kg to 410 mg/kg, with a median concentration of 23 mg/kg. Chromium concentrations in core material were lower in the eastern subarea and higher in the western and the northern subareas of Hinkley Valley and in Water Valley. The highest chromium concentration in core material was in weathered hornblende diorite bedrock. Chromium concentrations in core material adjacent to the screened interval of sampled wells were log-normally distributed below a threshold of 85 mg/kg, and 3 percent of chromium concentrations were greater than 85 mg/kg. Manganese can oxidize trivalent chromium, Cr(III), to Cr(VI). Similar to chromium, manganese concentrations in core material also were log-normally distributed below a threshold of 970 mg/kg, and 5 percent of manganese concentrations were greater than 970 mg/kg. Both chromium and manganese concentrations were higher in fine-textured core material and in visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings on the surfaces of mineral grains. High concentrations of chromium and manganese in core material commonly co-occurred. Fine-textured core material, chromium concentrations greater than 85 mg/kg, and manganese concentrations greater than 970 mg/kg in core material adjacent to the screened interval of sampled wells were selected for use as metrics (threshold values) within a summative-scale analysis (SSA) developed to identify natural and anthropogenic Cr(VI) in water from wells later within this professional paper (chapter G).
Principal component analysis (PCA) of 18 elements within surficial alluvium, rock, and core material measured using pXRF shows distinct elemental assemblages associated with (1) older and more recent “Mojave-type” deposits, including alluvium and lake-margin (beach) deposits sourced from the Mojave River, (2) alluvium eroded from mafic rock, including hornblende diorite that crops out on Iron Mountain, (3) alluvium eroded from felsic volcanic and hydrothermal rock that crops out on Mount General along the eastern margin of Hinkley Valley, (4) playa/mudflat and other fine-textured deposits, and (5) material with visually abundant iron- and manganese-oxide coatings. Most wells sampled as part of this study were completed in Mojave-type deposits. Portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence data measured on core material from those wells do not appear to be different or unusual compared to the magnitude and range of data from the larger Mojave River groundwater basin, and the core material has a low-chromium, felsic composition consistent with a Mojave River origin. In general, the elemental composition of core material from wells was not measurably altered by admixtures with local mafic, felsic volcanic, or hydrothermal source materials; although, where present, admixtures with basalt may contribute chromium to core material.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Groover, K.D., 2023, Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material, Chapter B of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-B, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885B.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 37 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416250,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/images"},{"id":416248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/b/pp1885b.xml"},{"id":416247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/b/pp1885b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416251,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":417461,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert 80 miles (mi) northeast of Los Angeles, California. Remediation began in 1992, and in 2010, site cleanup was projected to require between 10 and 95 years and was expected to cost between $36 and $176 million. A 2007 PG&E study estimated the natural Cr(VI) background in groundwater in Hinkley Valley to be 3.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L). This concentration was used for interim regulatory purposes by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). In the fourth quarter (October–December) 2015, the regulatory Cr(VI) plume extended about 3.0 mi downgradient from the release location within the Hinkley compressor station, while groundwater having Cr(VI) concentrations greater than 3.1 μg/L was present more than 8 mi downgradient. Although rocks and minerals in the area are naturally low in chromium, alluvium eroded from the San Gabriel Mountains and transported to Hinkley Valley by the Mojave River, and locally small exposures of mafic rock, including hornblende diorite and basalt, may contribute Cr(VI) to groundwater. In response to limitations of the PG&E 2007 Cr(VI) background study’s methodology, uncertainty in the natural Cr(VI) background concentration, and an increase in the mapped extent of groundwater having Cr(VI) concentrations greater than the interim regulatory background of 3.1 μg/L, the Lahontan RWQCB concluded that the 2007 PG&E background Cr(VI) study should be updated. The purpose of the updated study is to estimate background Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater within the upper aquifer upgradient, downgradient, near the margins, and within the footprint of the PG&E Cr(VI) plume in Hinkley, California. The scope of the study included eight tasks; results from those tasks are presented in the chapters within this professional paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Groover, K.D., Miller, D.M., Seymour, W., Warden, J.G., and Miller, L.G., 2023, Introduction to study area hydrogeology, chromium sources, site history, and purpose of study, Chapter A of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-A, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416211,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pub.usgs.gov/pp/1885/a/images"},{"id":416213,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/a/pp1885A.xml"},{"id":416210,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/a/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416212,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/a/pp1885a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417459,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert 80 miles (mi) northeast of Los Angeles, California. Remediation began in 1992, and in 2010, site cleanup was projected to require between 10 and 95 years and was expected to cost between $36 and $176 million. A 2007 PG&E study estimated the natural Cr(VI) background in groundwater in Hinkley Valley to be 3.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L). This concentration was used for interim regulatory purposes by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). In the fourth quarter (October–December) 2015, the regulatory Cr(VI) plume extended about 3.0 mi downgradient from the release location within the Hinkley compressor station, while groundwater having Cr(VI) concentrations greater than 3.1 μg/L was present more than 8 mi downgradient. Although rocks and minerals in the area are naturally low in chromium, alluvium eroded from the San Gabriel Mountains and transported to Hinkley Valley by the Mojave River, and locally small exposures of mafic rock, including hornblende diorite and basalt, may contribute Cr(VI) to groundwater. In response to limitations of the PG&E 2007 Cr(VI) background study’s methodology, uncertainty in the natural Cr(VI) background concentration, and an increase in the mapped extent of groundwater having Cr(VI) concentrations greater than the interim regulatory background of 3.1 μg/L, the Lahontan RWQCB concluded that the 2007 PG&E background Cr(VI) study should be updated. The purpose of the updated study is to estimate background Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater within the upper aquifer upgradient, downgradient, near the margins, and within the footprint of the PG&E Cr(VI) plume in Hinkley, California. The scope of the study included eight tasks; results from those tasks are presented in the chapters within this professional paper.
Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In the framework of the 2nd phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2) initiative, we synthesize existing estimates of GHG emissions from streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and homogenize them with regard to underlying global maps of water surface area distribution and the effects of seasonal ice cover. We then produce regionalized estimates of GHG emissions over 10 extensive land regions. According to our synthesis, inland water GHG emissions have a global warming potential of an equivalent emission of 13.5 (9.9-20.1) and 8.3 (5.7-12.7) Pg CO2-eq. yr-1 at a 20 and 100 year horizon (GWP20 and GWP100), respectively. Contributions of CO2 dominate GWP100, with rivers being the largest emitter. For GWP20, lakes and rivers are equally important emitters, and the warming potential of CH4 is more important than that of CO2. Contributions from N2O are about two orders of magnitude lower. Normalized to the area of RECCAP-2 regions, S-America and SE-Asia show the highest emission rates, dominated by riverine CO2 emissions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022GB007658","usgsCitation":"Lauerwald, R., Allen, G., Deemer, B., Liu, S., Maavara, T., Raymond, P., Alcott, L., Bastviken, D., Hastie, A., Holgerson, M.A., Johnson, M.S., Lehner, B., Lin, P., Marzadri, A., Ran, L., Tian, H., Yang, X., Yao, Y., and Regnier, P., 2023, Inland water greenhouse gas budgets for RECCAP2: 2. Regionalization and homogenization of estimates: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 37, no. 5, e2022GB007658, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007658.","productDescription":"e2022GB007658, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145375","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007658","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauerwald, Ronny","contributorId":169950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauerwald","given":"Ronny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25638,"text":"University ofhamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, George H.","contributorId":257248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"George H.","affiliations":[{"id":51991,"text":"Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deemer, Bridget R. 0000-0002-5845-1002 bdeemer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-1002","contributorId":198160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deemer","given":"Bridget","email":"bdeemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Shaoda","contributorId":257246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shaoda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51989,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maavara, Taylor","contributorId":304577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maavara","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66117,"text":"Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raymond, Peter","contributorId":200764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alcott, Lewis","contributorId":304578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcott","given":"Lewis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66118,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bastviken, David","contributorId":304579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastviken","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54595,"text":"Department of Thematic Studies - 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State-of-the-art of global scale assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T14:58:57.836772","indexId":"70243084","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T06:44:39","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inland water greenhouse gas budgets for RECCAP2: 1. State-of-the-art of global scale assessments","docAbstract":"Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In the framework of the 2nd phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2) initiative, we review the state of the art in estimating inland water GHG budgets at global scale, which has substantially advanced since the first phase of RECCAP nearly ten years ago. The development of increasingly sophisticated upscaling techniques, including statistical prediction and process based models, allows for spatially explicit estimates which are needed for regionalized assessments of continental GHG budgets such as those established for RECCAP. A few recent estimates also resolve the seasonal and/or interannual variability in inland water GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the global-scale assessment of inland water emissions remains challenging because of limited spatial and temporal coverage of observations and persisting uncertainties in the abundance and distribution of inland water surface areas. To decrease these uncertainties, more empirical work on the contributions of hot-spots and hot-moments to overall inland water GHG emissions is particularly needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022GB007657","usgsCitation":"Lauerwald, R., Allen, G., Deemer, B., Liu, S., Maavara, T., Raymond, P., Alcott, L., Bastviken, D., Hastie, A., Holgerson, M.A., Johnson, M.S., Lehner, B., Lin, P., Marzadri, A., Ran, L., Tian, H., Yang, X., Yao, Y., and Regnier, P., 2023, Inland water greenhouse gas budgets for RECCAP2: 1. State-of-the-art of global scale assessments: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 37, no. 5, e2022GB007657, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007657.","productDescription":"e2022GB007657, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145371","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007657","text":"External Repository"},{"id":416486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauerwald, Ronny","contributorId":169950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauerwald","given":"Ronny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25638,"text":"University ofhamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, George H.","contributorId":257248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"George H.","affiliations":[{"id":51991,"text":"Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deemer, Bridget R. 0000-0002-5845-1002 bdeemer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-1002","contributorId":198160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deemer","given":"Bridget","email":"bdeemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Shaoda","contributorId":257246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shaoda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51989,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maavara, Taylor","contributorId":304577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maavara","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66117,"text":"Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raymond, Peter","contributorId":200764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alcott, Lewis","contributorId":304578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcott","given":"Lewis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66118,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bastviken, David","contributorId":304579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastviken","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54595,"text":"Department of Thematic Studies - 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BGEOSYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70243014,"text":"70243014 - 2023 - Groundwater prospecting using a multi-technique framework in the lower Casas Grandes Basin, Chihuahua, México","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T11:41:20.570086","indexId":"70243014","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T06:33:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater prospecting using a multi-technique framework in the lower Casas Grandes Basin, Chihuahua, México","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (World Register of Marine Species, 2020; formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for January 2020–December 2020 (Cain and others, 2022). These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2020 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving- Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Silver and copper contamination substantially decreased at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater-treatment and source-control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. For example, from 1994 to 2020, the minimum annual mean silver concentration—0.20 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)—was observed in multiple years. In 2020, silver concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 mg/kg. These concentrations are 2 to 3 times higher than the regional background concentration. Presently (2020), sediment-copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2020), sedimentary iron and zinc exhibited modest decreases. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, silver and copper concentrations in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, generally were similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. Downward trends in the silver and zinc concentrations in L. petalum during 1994–2020 were evident and appeared to be related to the general physiological condition of the clam, indicated by a condition index.
Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum decreased with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum decreased (Hornberger and others, 2000), and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decrease in dominance coincident with the decrease in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2020. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly from 2011 to 2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2020.
The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2020 was indicative of species that were capable of movement either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2020 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. The long-term recovery observed after the 1970s can be ascribed to the decrease in sediment pollutants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133169","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/ofr20231017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","text":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022)","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Thompson, J.K., Kieu, L., Turner, M., and Baesman, S.M., 2022, Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S."},{"id":416140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":499767,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114697.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416137,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416138,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Predicted increases in extreme droughts will likely cause major shifts in carbon sequestration and forest composition. Although growth declines during drought are widely documented, an increasing number of studies have reported both positive and negative responses to the same drought. These divergent growth patterns may reflect thresholds (i.e., nonlinear responses) promoted by changes in the dominant climatic constraints on tree growth. Here we tested whether stemwood growth exhibited linear or nonlinear responses to temperature and precipitation and whether stemwood growth thresholds co-occurred with multiple thresholds in source and sink processes that limit tree growth. We extracted 772 tree cores, 1398 needle length records, and 1075 stable isotope samples from 27 sites across whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) climatic niche in the Sierra Nevada. Our results indicated that a temperature threshold in stemwood growth occurred at 8.4°C (7.12–9.51°C; estimated using fall-spring maximum temperature). This threshold was significantly correlated with thresholds in foliar growth, as well as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios, that emerged during drought. These co-occurring thresholds reflected the transition between energy- and water-limited tree growth (i.e., the E–W limitation threshold). This transition likely mediated carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as important differences in growth-defense trade-offs and drought adaptations. Furthermore, whitebark pine growing in energy-limited regions may continue to experience elevated growth in response to climate change. The positive effect of warming, however, may be offset by growth declines in water-limited regions, threatening the long-term sustainability of the recently listed whitebark pine species in the Sierra Nevada.
Salinity regimes in coastal ecosystems are highly dynamic and driven by complex geomorphic and hydrological processes. Estuarine biota are generally adapted to salinity fluctuation, but are vulnerable to salinity extremes. Characterizing coastal salinity regime for ecological studies therefore requires representing extremes of salinity ranges at time scales relevant to ecology (e.g., daily, monthly, and seasonally). Here, we propose a framework for modeling coastal salinity with these overall goals: (1) quantify uncertainty in salinity associated with important terrestrial and oceanographic drivers, (2) examine time scales of salinity response to river streamflow events, and (3) predict salinity continuously over space at key time scales. Salinity is modeled as quantile surfaces related to river discharge, tidal dynamics, wind, and spatial location, applied to Suwannee Sound estuary, FL, USA, where salinity has been monitored spatially since 1981. Each quantile level is regressed independently, and together they comprise a distribution of salinity uncertainty across space, with upper and lower quantiles describing salinity extremes. Effects of physical drivers on salinity are compared through four base models with various combinations of tide and wind variables, each including spatial coordinates and a single streamflow metric (in cubic meters per second). Multiple time scales of streamflow are considered by taking means across various periods, from 1 to 12 days, and at various lagged intervals prior to salinity sample, totaling 144 streamflow metrics. We found that the Suwannee coastal salinity regime is dynamic at multiple time scales and varies nonlinearly across space from the river effluence outward. Salinity increases nonlinearly with decreasing river flow rates below 200 m3/s, most prominently in the lower quantiles of salinity (τ = 0.05–0.25). Wind appears to have a stronger influence on salinity than astronomic tides for this estuary. The regression approach developed here can be applied to any coastal system that has sufficient spatial and temporal monitoring coverage to capture multiple flood and drought events. It is implemented with a simple R routine, and is less computationally-intensive than finite difference hydrodynamic modeling. The characterizations of salinity uncertainty developed in these analyses can be directly applied to future studies of fish and wildlife responses to changes in watershed management.
Emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils to the atmosphere can offset the benefits of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation. While past study has suggested that both CH4 and N2O emissions from tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) are generally low, the impacts of coastal droughts and drought-induced saltwater intrusion on CH4 and N2O emissions remain unclear. In this study, a process-driven biogeochemistry model, Tidal Freshwater Wetland DeNitrification-DeComposition (TFW-DNDC) was applied to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O emissions to episodic drought-induced saltwater intrusion in TFFW along the Waccamaw River and Savannah River, USA. These sites encompass landscape gradients of both surface and porewater salinity as influenced by Atlantic Ocean tides superimposed on periodic droughts. Surprisingly, CH4 and N2O emission responsiveness to coastal droughts and drought-induced saltwater intrusion varied greatly between river systems and among local geomorphologic settings. This reflected the complexity of wetland CH4 and N2O emissions and suggests that simple linkages to salinity may not always be relevant, as non-linear relationships dominated our simulations. Along the Savannah River, N2O emissions in the moderate-oligohaline tidal forest site tended to increase dramatically under the drought condition, while CH4 emission decreased. For the Waccamaw River, emissions of both CH4 and N2O in the moderate-oligohaline tidal forest site tended to decrease under the drought condition, but the capacity of the moderate-oligohaline tidal forest to serve as a carbon sink was substantially reduced due to significant declines in net primary productivity and soil organic carbon sequestration rates as salinity killed the dominant freshwater vegetation. These changes in fluxes of CH4 and N2O reflect crucial synergistic effects of soil salinity and water level on C and N dynamics in TFFW due to drought-induced seawater intrusion.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, established the Long-Term Trend Monitoring program in 1996 to monitor and analyze the hydrologic and water-quality conditions in Gwinnett County, Georgia. Gwinnett County is a suburban to urban area northeast of the city of Atlanta in north-central Georgia. The monitoring program currently consists of 15 watersheds ranging in size from 1.3 to about 161 square miles. This report synthesizes watershed characteristics and hydrologic and water-quality monitoring data collected for water years (WYs) 2002–20.
The 15 study watersheds were characterized for land-surface elevations, average land-surface slopes, septic densities, sanitary sewer densities, and detention pond areas. Temporal patterns in watershed characteristics were determined for land cover (2001–19), percent imperviousness (2000–20), population density (2000–20), and building density (1950–2022). In 2001, most of the watersheds had at least 45 percent of their land cover composed of developed land cover groups, and by 2019, at least 59 percent of each watershed was developed. Land cover changes occurred most rapidly between 2004 and 2008 at most watersheds. Percent imperviousness in the study watersheds varied substantially and ranged from 14.75 to 55.13 percent in 2019.
Precipitation and runoff were quantified at all study watersheds for WYs 2002–20, and the hydrologic cycle was evaluated both annually and seasonally. Several 1-year or longer droughts occurred during this period. Study area precipitation averaged 51.5 inches per year and runoff averaged 22.5 inches per year. Variations in annual runoff were largely determined by annual precipitation but were also dependent upon watershed storage. Runoff varied seasonally because of high evapotranspiration rates in the summer and changes in base flow associated with seasonal changes in watershed storage. Fifty-one percent of runoff in the study area occurred as base flow. Watersheds with higher imperviousness had higher stormflows because of increased surface runoff and lower base flows because of reduced infiltration that recharges watershed storage.
Turbidity, water temperature, and specific conductance were continuously measured at each study site. These constituents varied seasonally, diurnally, and with streamflow. A minimum of two base-flow and six stormflow samples were collected per year at each watershed and were analyzed for 21 water-quality constituents (water temperature, laboratory specific conductance, pH, and turbidity, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, suspended sediments, nutrients, base cations, trace metals, and total dissolved solids). Concentrations of most particulate constituents were approximately one-half or more orders of magnitude higher in stormflow samples than in base-flow samples. Total copper and zinc stormflow concentrations exceeded the national recommended aquatic life criteria for acute conditions to varying degrees.
Annual loads and yields were estimated for 12 constituents (which include suspended sediments, nutrients, base cations, trace metals, and total dissolved solids) using a surrogate regression model approach and the Beale load estimator. Loads were typically higher for years with higher runoff. The proportional range of annual loads for total suspended solids, suspended-sediment concentrations, total phosphorus, and total lead, however, were 3.2 to 4.8 times larger than for annual runoff. Higher-than-expected annual sediment loads occurred in the years that also had some of the highest peak flows during the period, indicating that large storms are responsible for much of the sediment transport. Large development projects in proximity to streams also were related to years with high sediment loads. Yields from the Crooked Creek and North Fork Peachtree Creek watersheds were typically among the highest for 8 of the 12 constituents. These watersheds had the two highest amounts of developed medium plus high intensity land cover and the two highest percentages of imperviousness. Moderate to strong correlations were identified between seven of the constituent yields and the percentage of developed medium and high intensity land cover groups. Temporal trends in concentrations and loads were identified for 140 of the 300 possible watershed-time period-constituent combinations. There were substantially more negative than positive temporal trends identified during WYs 2003–10, whereas the number of negative and positive temporal trends were similar during WYs 2010–20. Measures of sediment transport had the most negative temporal trends. A few watersheds had consistent trends across several constituents; however, these trends did not appear to be associated with temporal changes in development or imperviousness.
This study provides a thorough assessment of watershed characteristics, hydrology, and water-quality conditions and trends for the 15 study watersheds and can be used to identify possible factors that affect runoff and water quality and determine changes in water-quality conditions. Watershed managers can use these data and analyses to inform management decisions regarding the designated uses of streams, minimization of flooding, protection of aquatic habitats, and optimization of the effectiveness of best management practices.
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South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lsawsc
Researchers routinely study streamflow data to understand the effects of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change, and to develop methods for estimating streamflow at ungaged locations. These studies require streamflow data that are not modified or largely altered by other anthropogenic activities, such as reservoirs or diversions. This report discusses a method for identifying basins with reservoir regulation using a decadal impact metric that characterizes the degree of regulation of a given river reach. The method is applied to U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins from eight States in the Central United States. Using this metric, 140 streamgages with known regulation effects (annual peak streamflow values qualified with a code 6) were evaluated for their impact metric values in decades with annual peak streamflow values qualified with code 6. Based on the distribution of median impact metric values at these regulated basins, a threshold value of 0.1 was identified as the value that when exceeded was the most characteristic of the regulated streamgage basins in the study area. Streamgage basins from nine States with peak streamflow values that were not qualified with code 6 were evaluated for impact metric values equal to or greater than the established threshold. About 13 percent of streamgages (136 of 1,017) had an impact metric equal to or greater than the identified regulated threshold at some point in their periods of record. The method discussed in this report, which has limitations owing to characteristics of the data underlying the dam impact metric, provides a regionally consistent approach to identifying regulated U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins.
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U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
The groundwater and surface-water supply of the Central Platte Natural Resources District supports a large agricultural economy from the High Plains aquifer and Platte River, respectively. This study provided the Central Platte Natural Resources District with an advanced numerical modeling tool to assist with the update of their Groundwater Management Plan.
An integrated hydrologic model, called the Central Platte Integrated Hydrologic Model, was constructed using the MODFLOW-One-Water Hydrologic Model code with the Newton solver. This code integrates climate, landscape, surface water, and groundwater-flow processes in a fully coupled approach. Model framework included 163 rows; 327 columns; 2,640 feet cell sides; and 3 vertical layers. A predevelopment model simulated steady-state hydrologic conditions prior to April 30, 1895, and a development period model discretized into 610 stress periods simulated transient hydrologic conditions from May 1, 1895, to December 31, 2016, using 170 biannual stress periods from 1895 to 1980, and monthly stress periods from May 1, 1980, to December 31, 2016.
Calibration of the Central Platte Integrated Hydrologic Model involved two phases: a manual adjustment of parameters, followed by the automated calibration completed using BeoPEST that was facilitated by the employment of the singular value decomposition-assist features of PEST that specified 50 super parameters assembled from the 435 adjustable parameters and Tikhonov regularization. The average absolute groundwater-level residuals for model layers one, two, and three were 6.1, 12.4, and 7.4 feet, respectively. Calibrated horizontal hydraulic conductivity was about 70, 32, and 35 feet per day for layers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The largest development period inflow to groundwater was recharge from deep percolation past the root zone, averaging 1,122,257 acre-feet per year (2.7 inches per year), and the largest outflow was to irrigation wells, averaging 693,171 acre-feet per year (10.2 inches per year for the Central Platte Natural Resources District). Other substantial groundwater outflows included evapotranspiration and base flow. For the total development period, there was a net change in storage of −122,393 acre-feet per year (−0.3 inch per year).
The calibrated Central Platte Integrated Hydrologic Model was used to simulate eight different potential future climate and irrigation pumping conditions from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2049. Simulated future groundwater levels within the Central Platte Natural Resources District varied significantly between scenarios and locally, from 13.8 feet below to 7.6 feet above baseline 1982 groundwater levels. Most areas exhibited groundwater-level declines for the drought scenarios and rises for the alternate irrigation scenarios. Changes in scenario groundwater levels correlated with the relations between farm net recharge and irrigation pumping. Linear “first order second moment” techniques indicated that the uncertainty in projected groundwater altitudes was reduced by 15.33 feet through model calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and the Nebraska Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Traylor, J.P., Guira, M., and Peterson, S.M., 2023, An integrated hydrologic model to support the Central Platte Natural Resources District Groundwater Management Plan, central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5024, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235024.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 143 p.; 2 Tables; Data Release; Dataset; 3 Figures: 11.00 x 8.50 inches","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123254","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416070,"rank":12,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235024/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":500878,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114681.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416058,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024_tables1.1_to_4.24.zip","text":"Appendix tables","size":"36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":416057,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G3Q5XK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-One-Water model used to support the Central Platte Natural Resources District Groundwater Management Plan, central Nebraska"},{"id":416056,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":416068,"rank":11,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024_fig11.pdf","text":"Figure 11 (layered)","size":"1.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416055,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/downloads","text":"Appendix tables","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416054,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/images"},{"id":416067,"rank":10,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024_fig07b.pdf","text":"Figure 7B (layered)","size":"3.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416053,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":416052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5024"},{"id":416066,"rank":9,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/sir20235024_fig04b.pdf","text":"Figure 4B (layered)","size":"847 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5024/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.333,\n 41.51085969164163\n ],\n [\n -100.35,\n 41.51085969164163\n ],\n [\n -100.35,\n 40.11583169634787\n ],\n [\n -97.333,\n 40.11583169634787\n ],\n [\n -97.333,\n 41.51085969164163\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
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The response of stream ecosystems to climate change will depend in part on groundwater processes that reduce the sensitivity of streams to atmospheric conditions. We investigated the thermal sensitivity of streams across a gradient of groundwater inputs defined by karst terrain (carbonate parent materials) in the headwaters of the Potomac River basin in eastern North America. We collected stream temperature data and quantified thermal sensitivity for 30 sites from the relationship between daily mean water and air temperatures. Our analysis demonstrates that thermal sensitivity is lower for streams in karst terrain than elsewhere, and that the effect of karst terrain is more important than effects of elevation or basin size in this regard. Our study indicates the importance of karstic groundwater for stream thermal resiliency and suggests the importance of riparian vegetation for maintaining stream temperatures elsewhere. Our study also provides a simple and rapid method for climate change research that can be implemented in conjunction with watershed organizations and citizen science networks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Kessler, K.G., Rogers, K.M., Marshak, C., and Hitt, N.P., 2023, Karst terrain promotes thermal resiliency in headwater streams, in Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, v. 95, no. 3, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144871","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pwvas.org/index.php/pwvas/article/view/947"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.43083122514363,\n 39.72194367002291\n ],\n [\n -78.43083122514363,\n 39.468004910183225\n ],\n [\n -77.88158514397257,\n 39.468004910183225\n ],\n [\n -77.88158514397257,\n 39.72194367002291\n ],\n [\n -78.43083122514363,\n 39.72194367002291\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kessler, Karmann G. 0000-0001-5681-4909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-4909","contributorId":242765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Karmann","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Karli M. 0000-0002-6188-7405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-7405","contributorId":237955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Karli","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshak, Charles","contributorId":292162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshak","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":238185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242796,"text":"sir20235037 - 2023 - Documentation of linear regression models for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:20:18.065954","indexId":"sir20235037","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-18T10:53:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5037","displayTitle":"Documentation of Linear Regression Models for Computing Water-Quality Constituent Concentrations using Continuous Real-Time Water-Quality Data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","title":"Documentation of linear regression models for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir, in south-central Kansas, was constructed to provide a reliable municipal water supply for the city of Wichita, Kansas, and to provide downstream flood control, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Cheney Reservoir will continue to be important for municipal water supply use as needs increase with ongoing population growth and urban development. Advanced notification of changing water-quality conditions near water-treatment facility intakes and in source waters allows water-treatment facilities and resource planning officials to proactively monitor changing conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Wichita, collected water-quality data at the North Fork Ninnescah River above Cheney Reservoir (USGS station 07144780) and Cheney Reservoir near Cheney, Kans. (USGS station 07144790), monitoring sites to update and develop regression models relating continuous water-quality constituents, streamflow, reservoir storage, and seasonal components to discretely sampled water-quality constituent concentrations of interest. Linear regression analysis was used to update and develop models for alkalinity, major ions, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), total and dissolved organic carbon, total suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal indicator bacteria, and atrazine at the North Fork Ninnescah River site and total dissolved solids, major ions, hardness as calcium carbonate, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), chlorophyll a, and suspended sediment at the Cheney Reservoir site. New and updated models for both sites are applicable to the period of YSI EXO water-quality monitor and sensor deployment (November 14, 2015, through September 30, 2021, at the North Fork Ninnescah River site; October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2021, at the Cheney Reservoir site). Models and resulting water-quality information included in this report can be used in real time, potentially as guidance for water-treatment processes, and can be used to characterize changes in water-quality conditions over time in Cheney Reservoir and its contributing drainage basin provided that the deployed equipment, sensors, and location do not change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Kramer, A.R., and Puls, K.A., 2023, Documentation of linear regression models for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5037, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235037.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 20 p.; 18 Appendixes; Dataset","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145994","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500907,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114680.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415924,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235037/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415917,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5037/downloads","text":"Appendixes 1–18"},{"id":415916,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5037/images"},{"id":415918,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":415915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5037/sir20235037.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":415914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5037/sir20235037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5037"},{"id":415913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5037/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cheney Reservoir, North Fork Ninnescah River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -99.1,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -99.1,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Catostomidae (catostomids) are suckers of the order Cypriniformes, and the majority of species are native to North America; however, species in this group are understudied and rarely managed. The popularity in bowfishing and gigging for suckers in the United States has increased concerns related to overfishing. Little information exists about the relative gear effectiveness for sampling catostomids. We sought to evaluate the relative effectiveness of boat electrofishing for sampling Black Redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei, Golden Redhorse M. erythrurum, Northern Hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans, White Sucker Catostomus commersonii, and Spotted Sucker Minytrema melanops populations in Lake Eucha, Oklahoma. We used an information theoretic approach to determine the abiotic variables related to sucker catch per effort (C/f). Our analysis indicated that sucker C/f was highest during the night and decreased with increasing water temperature. Sucker size structure was significantly different between daytime and nighttime samples; however, effect size estimates for size structure comparisons indicated that size distributions exhibited moderate overlap. Distributional comparisons indicated that daytime and nighttime samples were similar for fish greater than 180 mm in total length. Effect size estimates also indicated little association between the proportion of each species captured and time of day or water temperature. Night electrofishing in reservoirs at water temperatures from 16 to 25°C yielded the most precise C/f estimates, with the highest numbers of suckers collected at water temperatures from 6 to 15°C. Further study of the relationship between abiotic variables and catostomid catchability using various gears will be beneficial to agencies interested in these populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-22-052","usgsCitation":"Zentner, D.L., Brewer, S.K., and Shoup, D.E., 2023, Environment affects sucker catch rate, size structure, species composition, and precision in boat electrofishing samples: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 14, no. 1, p. 135-152, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-22-052.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"152","ipdsId":"IP-140012","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Lake Eucha","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.93975036194603,\n 36.38140481612922\n ],\n [\n -94.93850942940529,\n 36.36874724463541\n ],\n [\n -94.92320459473427,\n 36.34776259578841\n ],\n [\n -94.84802476496563,\n 36.32752008971409\n ],\n [\n -94.80180002781772,\n 36.34526380928274\n ],\n [\n -94.79642265347414,\n 36.35775675172556\n ],\n [\n -94.84750770974023,\n 36.361753979640646\n ],\n [\n -94.88763119522902,\n 36.37441109676014\n ],\n [\n -94.93975036194603,\n 36.38140481612922\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zentner, Douglas L.","contributorId":341038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zentner","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoup, D. 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Thiaminase in food stocks has been linked to morbidity and mortality due to thiamine depletion in many ecologically and economically important species. Thiaminase activity has been detected in certain bacteria, plants, and fish species, including carp. The invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) presents an enormous burden to ecosystems throughout the Mississippi River watershed. Its large biomass and nutritional content offer an attractive possibility as a food source for humans, wild animals, or pets. Additionally, harvesting this fish could alleviate some of the effects of this species on waterways. However, the presence of thiaminase would detract from its value for dietary consumption. Here we confirm the presence of thiaminase in several tissues from silver carp, most notably the viscera, and systematically examine the effects of microwaving, baking, dehydrating, and freeze-drying on thiaminase activity. Certain temperatures and durations of baking and microwaving reduced thiaminase activity to undetectable levels. However, caution should be taken when carp tissue is concentrated by processes without sufficient heat treatment, such as freeze-drying or dehydration, which results in concentration, but not inactivation of the enzyme. The effects of such treatments on the ease of extracting proteins, including thiaminase, and the impact on data interpretation using the 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) thiaminase assay were considered.
The invasive benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai has been found for the first time in Europe along the coast of Normandy. Its native range of distribution is in Asia (Japan and Korea), and it has also been introduced along the coasts of western North America, Brazil and Australia. Morphological and molecular assessments confirm that specimens found in Le Havre and Caen-Ouistreham harbors belong to the Asiatic type. Like in Asia, T. hadai was found in transitional waters with muddy sediments. It exhibited high relative abundances (up to about 40%) confirming that T. hadai is a highly competitive species. In the present study, it was nearly absent from natural transitional waters and very abundant in heavily modified habitats like harbors, suggesting that ballast waters may likely be the vector of introduction. It was not recorded farther north along the coast of the Hauts-de-France. It is further hypothesized that the finding of a few specimens outside the harbor may facilitate the expansion of T. hadai in the English Channel by means of propagules dispersion.
PAD-US provides a comprehensive geospatial database of protected and managed areas in the United States. We assemble known protected areas whose primary purpose is biodiversity conservation, as well as lands and waters that provide public access to nature. As a National Geospatial Data Asset (https://ngda-portfolio-community-geoplatform. hub.arcgis.com/), the PAD-US database (https://www.usgs.gov/programs/gap-analysis-project/science/protected-areas) is an aggregation of land and water management boundaries provided by authoritative sources and standardized into a common format
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with GreenInfo Network","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis and Research Program","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2023, Help build the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3013, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233013.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144595","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415881,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/programs/gap-analysis-project/science/protected-areas-resources","text":"Protected Areas 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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually supports small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 14 projects supported in fiscal year 2019 and outlines their goals, activities, and accomplishments. Proposals in 2019 were encouraged to address the optional disciplinary theme of biosurveillance of emerging invasive species and health threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221120","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program","usgsCitation":"Liford, A.N., Andrews, C.M., Bamzai, A., Bard, J.A., Blehert, D.S., Bradford, J.B., Daniel, W.M., Eldridge, S.L., Engel, F., Ferrante, J.A., Gilmer, A.K., Hunter, M.E., Jones, J.M., Letcher, B., Lightsom, F.L., McDonald, R.R., Morgan, L.E., Reed, S.C., and Hsu, L., 2023, Community for Data Integration 2019 project report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1120, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221120.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118731","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416353,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221120/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1120"},{"id":416269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/ofr20221120.xml"},{"id":416268,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/images"},{"id":415749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/ofr20221120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1120"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
Monthly temperature and precipitation data for 923 United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic units are used as inputs to a monthly water balance model to compute monthly actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage, and runoff across the western United States (U.S.) for the period 1900 through 2020. Time series of these water balance variables are examined to characterize and explain the dry conditions across the western U.S. since the year 2000. Results indicate that although precipitation deficits account for most of the changes in actual evapotranspiration and runoff, increases in temperature primarily explain decreases in soil moisture storage. Specifically, temperature has been particularly impactful on the magnitude of negative departures of soil moisture storage during the spring (April through June) and summer (July through September) seasons. These effects on soil moisture may be particularly detrimental to agriculture in regions already stressed by drought such as the western U.S.
Recent drought has resulted in dramatic lowering of the two largest water-storage reservoirs in the western United States: Lake Powell and Lake Mead. These decreases in reservoir elevations have resulted in the re-emergence of over 100 km of the Colorado and San Juan rivers at the upstream end of Lake Powell and over 80 km of the Colorado River at the upstream end of Lake Mead. Upon reservoir lowering, the rivers cut into the lake and delta deposits sometimes establishing a course different than the path of the historical channel. In two locations, the rivers have encountered resistant bedrock resulting in the formation of rapids or waterfalls. In a third location, on the Colorado River arm of Lake Powell near the mouth of the Dirty Devil River, a knickpoint is just beginning to form and a new rapid or waterfall may result if water levels continue to drop. We present repeat measurements with multibeam sonar of the riverbed at this location to document scour at the site of nickpoint formation. Between initial measurements made in October 2020 and the most recent measurements made in May 2022, the riverbed scoured by up to 11 m as the level of Lake Powell dropped by more than 18 m. These knickpoints in former reservoirs have several implications for river and reservoir management, including effects on river dynamics and upstream river ecosystems, impacts to river and reservoir navigation, and the formation of ecological barriers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD","conferenceDate":"May 8-12, 2023","conferenceLocation":"St Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., and Tusso, R.B., 2023, Waterfalls in reservoirs: Tracking the development of nickpoints in the sediments of declining reservoirs, in Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023, St Louis, MO, May 8-12, 2023, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148667","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2023Program/s45.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.36909690785532,\n 37.89525601927576\n ],\n [\n -110.41391436359932,\n 37.89525601927576\n ],\n [\n -110.41391436359932,\n 37.874836395269284\n ],\n [\n -110.36909690785532,\n 37.874836395269284\n ],\n [\n -110.36909690785532,\n 37.89525601927576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":216115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tusso, Robert B. 0000-0001-7541-3713 rtusso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-3713","contributorId":4079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tusso","given":"Robert","email":"rtusso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247308,"text":"70247308 - 2023 - Evaluating methods for applying fouling attenuation shifts to acoustic backscatter data used in suspended-sediment computations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T16:53:25.730843","indexId":"70247308","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-15T11:52:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating methods for applying fouling attenuation shifts to acoustic backscatter data used in suspended-sediment computations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD","conferenceDate":"May 8-12, 2023","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Lucena, Z., Lee, M.T., and East, J.W., 2023, Evaluating methods for applying fouling attenuation shifts to acoustic backscatter data used in suspended-sediment computations, in Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023, St. Louis, MO, May 8-12, 2023, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149116","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2023Program/s19.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 27.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 27.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucena, Zulimar 0000-0002-1682-2661 zlucena@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-2661","contributorId":178284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucena","given":"Zulimar","email":"zlucena@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":879169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Michael T. 0000-0002-8260-8794 mtlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-8794","contributorId":4228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"mtlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. 0000-0003-1115-3638 jweast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-3638","contributorId":317723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}