We have developed pyEMU, a python framework for Environmental Modeling Uncertainty analyses, open-source tool that is non-intrusive, easy-to-use, computationally efficient, and scalable to highly-parameterized inverse problems. The framework implements several types of linear (first-order, second-moment (FOSM)) and non-linear uncertainty analyses. The FOSM-based analyses can also be completed prior to parameter estimation to help inform important modeling decisions, such as parameterization and objective function formulation. Complete workflows for several types of FOSM-based and non-linear analyses are documented in example notebooks implemented using Jupyter that are available in the online pyEMU repository. Example workflows include basic parameter and forecast analyses, data worth analyses, and error-variance analyses, as well as usage of parameter ensemble generation and management capabilities. These workflows document the necessary steps and provides insights into the results, with the goal of educating users not only in how to apply pyEMU, but also in the underlying theory of applied uncertainty quantification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.08.017","usgsCitation":"White, J.T., Fienen, M., and Doherty, J.E., 2016, A python framework for environmental model uncertainty analysis: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 85, p. 217-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.08.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-077464","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff34ee4b04fc80e437264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469 jwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":167708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":177065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175719,"text":"ofr20161119 - 2016 - Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T10:18:01","indexId":"ofr20161119","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-02T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1119","title":"Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Geologic, sediment texture, and physiographic zone maps characterize the sea floor of Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds, Massachusetts. These maps were derived from interpretations of seismic-reflection profiles, high-resolution bathymetry, acoustic-backscatter intensity, bottom photographs/video, and surficial sediment samples collected within the 494-square-kilometer study area. Interpretations of seismic stratigraphy and mapping of glacial and Holocene marine units provided a foundation on which the surficial maps were created. This mapping is a result of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to characterize the surface and subsurface geologic framework offshore of Massachusetts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Foster, D.S., Pendleton, E.A., Barnhardt, W.A., Schwab, W.C., Andrews, B.D., and Ackerman, S.D., 2016, Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1119, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161119.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072016","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1119/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326826,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1119/index.html","text":"Report HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.1,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -71.1,\n 41.6\n ],\n [\n -70.4,\n 41.6\n ],\n [\n -70.4,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -71.1,\n 41.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey developed flood elevations in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency for a 14.3-mile reach of the Green River in Colrain, Leyden, and Greenfield, Massachusetts, to assist landowners and emergency management workers to prepare for and recover from floods. The river reach extends from the U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage downstream to the confluence with the Deerfield River. A series of seven digital flood inundation maps were developed for the upper 4.4 miles of the river reach downstream from the stream. Flood discharges corresponding to the 50-, 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows and the flood flows associated with the stages of 10.2, 12.4, and 14.4 feet (ft) at the Green River streamgage were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the Tropical Storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 (stage 13.97 ft), into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current (2015) stage-discharge relation at the U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage and from documented high-water marks from the Tropical Storm Irene flood, which had a flow higher than a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood discharge.
The hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from the 50-percent annual exceedance probability (bankfull flow) at 7.6 ft (439.8 ft above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) to 14.4 ft (446.7 ft NAVD 88), which exceeds the maximum recorded water level of 13.97 ft (Tropical Storm Irene) at the streamgage. The mapped stages of 7.6 to 14.4 ft were selected to match the stages for bankfull; the 50-, 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities; incremental stages of 10.2 and 12.4 ft; and the maximum stage of the stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
The availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding near real-time stage from U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage, can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., Bent, G.C., and Lombard, P.J., 2016, Flood-inundation maps for the Green River in Colrain, Leyden, and Greenfield, Massachusetts, from U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 01170100 Green River near Colrain to the confluence with the Deerfield River (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5107, 18 p., appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Appendix 2; Application Site; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062774","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331081,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":331083,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_flood-inundation_gis.zip","text":"Flood Inundation GIS","size":"4.59 MB"},{"id":327919,"rank":6,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":327920,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_appendix2_metadata.xml ","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"13.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5107","linkHelpText":"metadata"},{"id":327917,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":327918,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_appendix2_gis.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"160 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107 - Spatial Data","linkHelpText":"GIS"},{"id":327916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":331082,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_flood-inundation_metadata.xml","text":"Flood Inundation GIS ","size":"26 KB xml","linkHelpText":"metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Colrain, Greenfield, Leyden","otherGeospatial":"Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.55\n ],\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.72\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 42.72\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 42.55\n ],\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 2, 2016; Version 1.1: November 23, 2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
A Presidential disaster was declared in northwestern Massachusetts, following flooding from tropical storm Irene on August 28, 2011. During the storm, 3 to 10 inches of rain fell on soils that were susceptible to flash flooding because of wet antecedent conditions. The gage height at one U.S. Geological Survey streamgage rose nearly 20 feet in less than 4 hours because of the combination of saturated soils and intense rainfall. On August 28, 2011, in the Deerfield and Hoosic River Basins in northwestern Massachusetts, new peaks of record were set at six of eight U.S. Geological Survey long-term streamgages with 46 to 100 years of record. Additionally, high-water marks were surveyed and indirect measurements of peak discharge were calculated at two discontinued streamgages in the Deerfield and Hoosic River Basins with 24 and 61 years of record, respectively. This data resulted in new historic peaks of record at the two discontinued streamgages from tropical storm Irene.
\nPeak flows that resulted from tropical storm Irene (August 28, 2011) were determined at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages by using stage-discharge rating curves and indirect computation methods. For six streamgages, indirect computation methods were used to compute the peak flows. Peak flows from tropical storm Irene had annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) that ranged from 5.4 percent to less than 0.2 percent at 10 streamgages in northwestern Massachusetts.
\nDischarges calculated for select AEPs as a part of this study were compared with discharges published for the same AEPs in the effective Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance studies (FISs) for communities in the study area. Discharges estimated for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs at two streamgages on the main stem of the Deerfield River ranged from about 3 percent lower to 14 percent higher than discharges in the FISs. AEP discharges calculated for two streamgages on tributaries to the Deerfield River were 27 to 89 percent higher than the FISs. For the four streamgages in the Hoosic River Basin, the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEP discharges calculated ranged from about 33 percent lower to 5 percent higher than the FISs.
\nThe simulated 1-percent AEP discharge water-surface elevations (nonregulatory) from recent (2015–16) hydraulic models for river reaches in the study area, which include the Deerfield, Green, and North Rivers in the Deerfield River Basin and the Hoosic River in the Hoosic River Basin, were compared with water-surface profiles in the FISs. The water-surface elevation comparisons were generally done downstream and upstream from bridges, dams, and major tributaries. The simulated 1-percent AEP discharge water-surface elevations of the recent hydraulic studies averaged 2.2, 2.3, 0.3, and 0.7 ft higher than water-surface elevations in the FISs for the Deerfield, Green, North, and Hoosic Rivers, respectively. The differences in water-surface elevations between the recent (2015–16) hydraulic studies and the FISs likely are because of (1) improved land elevation data from light detection and ranging (lidar) data collected in 2012, (2) detailed surveying of hydraulic structures and cross sections throughout the river reaches in 2012–13 (reflecting structure and cross section changes during the last 30–35 years), (3) updated hydrology analyses (30–35 water years of additional peak flow data at streamgages), and (4) high-water marks from the 2011 tropical storm Irene flood being used for model calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Olson, S.A., and Massey, A.J., 2016, Tropical storm Irene flood of August 2011 in northwestern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5027, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165027.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067697","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327912,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5027/sir20165027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5027"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.61688232421875,\n 42.731378652044185\n ],\n [\n -72.60452270507812,\n 42.718263627309774\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.693539313660004\n ],\n [\n -72.55989074707031,\n 42.653656930109726\n ],\n [\n -72.55302429199219,\n 42.64153569439977\n ],\n [\n -72.5592041015625,\n 42.628906895633456\n ],\n [\n -72.55851745605469,\n 42.61122227199062\n ],\n [\n -72.56813049316406,\n 42.603641609996586\n ],\n [\n -72.57637023925781,\n 42.59606002548659\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.59454359788448\n ],\n [\n -72.57980346679686,\n 42.58493869951935\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 42.578871685346364\n ],\n [\n -72.57431030273438,\n 42.560161341916064\n ],\n [\n -72.58323669433594,\n 42.54296310520116\n ],\n [\n -72.59078979492188,\n 42.52677220056902\n ],\n [\n -72.60246276855469,\n 42.50804623455747\n ],\n [\n -72.62718200683594,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -72.652587890625,\n 42.50956476517422\n ],\n [\n -72.6800537109375,\n 42.51766297209017\n ],\n [\n -72.69515991210938,\n 42.52879629320373\n ],\n [\n -72.70683288574219,\n 42.51766297209017\n ],\n [\n -72.71781921386719,\n 42.50754004948742\n ],\n [\n -72.74116516113281,\n 42.49387150323448\n ],\n [\n -72.78923034667969,\n 42.47817430242153\n ],\n [\n -72.80845642089844,\n 42.46753847696729\n ],\n [\n -72.82699584960938,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -72.84347534179688,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -72.85308837890624,\n 42.53638605645048\n ],\n [\n -72.89840698242188,\n 42.55055114674488\n ],\n [\n -72.90252685546875,\n 42.54448078729858\n ],\n [\n -72.90390014648438,\n 42.53739795519656\n ],\n [\n -72.94166564941406,\n 42.53638605645048\n ],\n [\n -72.94647216796874,\n 42.525760129656845\n ],\n [\n -72.96363830566406,\n 42.51968735985934\n ],\n [\n -72.97531127929688,\n 42.53588010092859\n ],\n [\n -72.9876708984375,\n 42.54852775918642\n ],\n [\n -73.00277709960938,\n 42.55560932868032\n ],\n [\n -73.01239013671875,\n 42.562184352321886\n ],\n [\n -73.02200317382812,\n 42.57027573801005\n ],\n [\n -73.02818298339844,\n 42.58645536081647\n ],\n [\n -73.04054260253906,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -73.04672241210938,\n 42.605157816197334\n ],\n [\n -73.06938171386719,\n 42.58696090638245\n ],\n [\n -73.06800842285156,\n 42.5798828953732\n ],\n [\n -73.06869506835938,\n 42.560161341916064\n ],\n [\n -73.05770874023438,\n 42.54144538620976\n ],\n [\n -73.05770874023438,\n 42.53486817758702\n ],\n [\n -73.07212829589844,\n 42.52677220056902\n ],\n [\n -73.10508728027344,\n 42.51158941527828\n ],\n [\n -73.11126708984375,\n 42.49690921618136\n ],\n [\n -73.14628601074219,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -73.15864562988281,\n 42.49944053092116\n ],\n [\n -73.16963195800781,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -73.18954467773438,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -73.21563720703125,\n 42.49032731830467\n ],\n [\n -73.22181701660156,\n 42.50905859240087\n ],\n [\n -73.22181701660156,\n 42.52829027619378\n ],\n [\n -73.21769714355469,\n 42.54448078729858\n ],\n [\n -73.21151733398436,\n 42.553586105099654\n ],\n [\n -73.20533752441406,\n 42.56370156708076\n ],\n [\n -73.19366455078125,\n 42.587971985214814\n ],\n [\n -73.201904296875,\n 42.58594981115061\n ],\n [\n -73.23211669921875,\n 42.58493869951935\n ],\n [\n -73.24928283691406,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -73.25889587402344,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -73.26301574707031,\n 42.58746644784856\n ],\n [\n -73.32069396972655,\n 42.59252163701558\n ],\n [\n -73.26507568359375,\n 42.74600367786244\n ],\n [\n -72.61688232421875,\n 42.731378652044185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
For the final phase of wastewater treatment operations at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in Burlington County, New Jersey, treated effluent is pumped to 12 infiltration basins on a Land Application Site to recharge the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. Two of the 12 infiltration basins are operationally ineffective because discharged effluent fails to percolate and remains ponded on the basin surfaces. A study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense, investigated the potential hydrogeologic conditions preventing infiltration in these basins by testing the geophysical, lithological, and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer material underlying the site. Saturated sand, sandy clay, and unsaturated sand were encountered in succession through the upper 4 feet of sediment below land surface at the two ineffective basins. Water levels in auger borings penetrating the clay and underlying dry sand were measured as deeper than water levels in nested auger borings in the saturated sand overlying the clay, which indicates a downward vertical gradient was established after removal of the clay in the deeper borings created a conduit for drainage from the surficial saturated sands. Ground-penetrating radar surveys and additional water levels measured in piezometer wells adjacent to the infiltration basins indicated a lack of connectivity between the ponded basin water and the regional water table, and demonstrated that perched conditions were not present in native formation materials outside the inoperable basins. Therefore, the near-surface low permeability clay is likely preventing infiltration from the basin surface and causes the ineffectiveness of the two basins for wastewater land application operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., 2016, Hydrogeologic barriers to the infiltration of treated wastewater at the Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst Land Application Site, Burlington County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5065, 83 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165065.","productDescription":"viii, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069659","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5065/sir20165065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5065"},{"id":328196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5065/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Burlington County","otherGeospatial":"Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.65,\n 40.0125\n ],\n [\n -74.65,\n 39.954167\n ],\n [\n -74.575,\n 39.954167\n ],\n [\n -74.575,\n 40.0125\n ],\n [\n -74.65,\n 40.0125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
http://nj.usgs.gov/
The vertical avoidance behavior of the tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of the granular formulation of the lampricide Bayluscide® was evaluated. The lampricide formulation (3.2 percent active ingredient coated on a sand granule) is used to control larval sea lamprey populations in the Great Lakes. The tadpole madtom was chosen as a surrogate to the federally endangered northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus) based on similar life history characteristics and habitat requirements. Vertical avoidance of tadpole madtoms in response to the granular formulation was documented in clear Plexiglas columns (107 centimeters in height, 30.5 centimeters in diameter) for 1 hour after chemical application. Each avoidance trial produced data consisting of the number of tadpole madtoms avoiding the chemical at a given time. Based on the overall data, tadpole madtoms in treated columns were 11.7 times more likely to display avoidance compared to those in untreated controls. Results indicate that it is likely that northern madtoms will be able to detect and avoid Bayluscide® from granular applications if their response is similar to that of the tadpole madtom.
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U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
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The combined geothermal discharge from over 10,000 features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) can be can be estimated from the Cl flux in the Madison, Yellowstone, Falls, and Snake Rivers. Over the last 30 years, the Cl flux in YNP Rivers has been calculated using discharge measurements and Cl concentrations determined in discrete water samples and it has been determined that approximately 12% of the Cl flux exiting YNP is from the Snake River. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes was quantified at a monitoring site located downstream from the thermal inputs in the Snake River. Beginning in 2012, continuous (15 min) electrical conductivity measurements have been made at the monitoring site. Combining continuous electrical conductivity and discharge data, the Cl and other geothermal solute fluxes were determined. The 2013–2015 Cl fluxes (5.3–5.8 kt/yr) determined using electrical conductivity are comparable to historical data. In addition, synoptic water samples and discharge data were obtained from sites along the Snake River under low-flow conditions of September 2014. The synoptic water study extended 17 km upstream from the monitoring site. Surface inflows were sampled to identify sources and to quantify solute loading. The Lewis River was the primary source of Cl, Na, K, Cl, SiO2, Rb, and As loads (50–80%) in the Snake River. The largest source of SO4 was from the upper Snake River (50%). Most of the Ca and Mg (50–55%) originate from the Snake Hot Springs. Chloride, Ca, Mg, Na, K, SiO2, F, HCO3, SO4, B, Li, Rb, and As behave conservatively in the Snake River, and therefore correlate well with conductivity (R2 ≥ 0.97).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Lowenstern, J.B., Schaper, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Heasler, H.P., and Mahony, D., 2016, Geothermal solute flux monitoring and the source and fate of solutes in the Snake River, Yellowstone National Park, WY: Applied Geochemistry, v. 73, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077823","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.52005767822266,\n 44.14218189856008\n ],\n [\n -110.52297592163086,\n 44.14698597918344\n ],\n [\n -110.52726745605469,\n 44.15215916724574\n ],\n [\n -110.53396224975586,\n 44.15388346250658\n ],\n [\n -110.54271697998047,\n 44.15634665405655\n ],\n [\n -110.54769515991211,\n 44.16275047090301\n ],\n [\n -110.55387496948242,\n 44.168784200722875\n ],\n [\n -110.56537628173828,\n 44.17691028989048\n ],\n [\n -110.58425903320312,\n 44.175925369020135\n ],\n [\n -110.64760208129883,\n 44.15573086580812\n ],\n [\n -110.66442489624023,\n 44.14489194082416\n ],\n [\n -110.66116333007812,\n 44.13996449871928\n ],\n [\n -110.65326690673828,\n 44.14168915023695\n ],\n [\n -110.63764572143553,\n 44.14957262989197\n ],\n [\n -110.6022834777832,\n 44.16250418310723\n ],\n [\n -110.5854606628418,\n 44.16582898159794\n ],\n [\n -110.57413101196289,\n 44.17026175476358\n ],\n [\n -110.56554794311523,\n 44.168291674483854\n ],\n [\n -110.55644989013672,\n 44.16275047090301\n ],\n [\n -110.55112838745116,\n 44.15696243587891\n ],\n [\n -110.54546356201172,\n 44.1510506651172\n ],\n [\n -110.52194595336914,\n 44.140334071142775\n ],\n [\n -110.52005767822266,\n 44.14218189856008\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ca94aae4b0f2f0cec194e6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"McCleskey R. Blaine, Lowenstern Jacob B., Schaper Jonas, Nordstrom D. Kirk, Heasler Henry P., Mahony Dan","journalName":"Applied Geochemistry","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. 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The NAAMP is a longterm monitoring program in which observers collect anuran calling observation data at fixed locations along random roadside routes. We assessed occupancy trends for 14 species. We found weak evidence for a general regional pattern of decline in calling anurans within breeding habitats along roads in the southeastern USA over the last 13 y. Two species had positive regional trends with 95% posterior intervals that did not include zero (Hyla cinerea and Pseudacris crucifer). Five other species also showed an increasing trend, while eight species showed a declining trend, although 95% posterior intervals included zero. We also assessed state level trends for 107 species/state combinations. Of these, 14 showed a significant decline and 12 showed a significant increase in occupancy (i.e., credible intervals did not include zero for these 26 trends).
","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Villena Carpio, O., Royle, J., Weir, L., Foreman, T.M., Gazenski, K.D., and Campbell Grant, E., 2016, Southeast regional and state trends in anuran occupancy from calling survey data (2001-2013) from the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 11, no. 2, p. 373-385.","startPage":"373","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-073199","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328214,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol11_issue2.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ca94ace4b0f2f0cec194ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villena Carpio, Oswaldo ovillenacarpio@usgs.gov","contributorId":127375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villena Carpio","given":"Oswaldo","email":"ovillenacarpio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weir, Linda lweir@usgs.gov","contributorId":174278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"Linda","email":"lweir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foreman, Tasha M.","contributorId":174279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"Tasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gazenski, Kimberly D.","contributorId":55306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazenski","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":23233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176204,"text":"70176204 - 2016 - Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T11:54:27","indexId":"70176204","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","docAbstract":"Atrazine has been implicated in reproductive dysfunction of exposed organisms, and previous studies documented decreased egg production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during 30-d to 38-d exposures to 0.5 µg/L, 5 µg/L, and 50 µg/L atrazine. The authors evaluated possible mechanisms underlying the reduction in egg production. Gene expression in steroidogenesis pathways and the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis of male and female fish was measured. Atrazine did not significantly induce gonad aromatase (cyp19a1a) expression. An atrazine-induced shift in the number of females in an active reproductive state was observed. Expression of the egg maturation genes vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.1 (zp3.1) in medaka females was correlated and had a bimodal distribution. In both species, females with low vtg1 or zp3.1 expression also had low expression of steroidogenesis genes in the gonad, estrogen receptor in the liver, and gonadotropins in the brain. In the medaka, the number of females per tank that had high expression of zp3.1 was significantly correlated with egg production per tank. The number of medaka females with low expression of zp3.1 increased significantly with atrazine exposure. Thus, the decline in egg production observed in response to atrazine exposure may be the result of a coordinated downregulation of genes required for reproduction in a subset of females.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.3376","usgsCitation":"Richter, C.A., Papoulias, D.M., Whyte, J.J., and Tillitt, D.E., 2016, Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 9, p. 2230-2238, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3376.","startPage":"2230","endPage":"2238","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-062893","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ca94a7e4b0f2f0cec194e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Catherine A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":138994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178869,"text":"70178869 - 2016 - Scale-dependent habitat selection and size-based dominance in adult male American alligators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T15:40:59","indexId":"70178869","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent habitat selection and size-based dominance in adult male American alligators","docAbstract":"Habitat selection is an active behavioral process that may vary across spatial and temporal scales. Animals choose an area of primary utilization (i.e., home range) then make decisions focused on resource needs within patches. Dominance may affect the spatial distribution of conspecifics and concomitant habitat selection. Size-dependent social dominance hierarchies have been documented in captive alligators, but evidence is lacking from wild populations. We studied habitat selection for adult male American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; n = 17) on the Pearl River in central Mississippi, USA, to test whether habitat selection was scale-dependent and individual resource selectivity was a function of conspecific body size. We used K-select analysis to quantify selection at the home range scale and patches within the home range to determine selection congruency and important habitat variables. In addition, we used linear models to determine if body size was related to selection patterns and strengths. Our results indicated habitat selection of adult male alligators was a scale-dependent process. Alligators demonstrated greater overall selection for habitat variables at the patch level and less at the home range level, suggesting resources may not be limited when selecting a home range for animals in our study area. Further, diurnal habitat selection patterns may depend on thermoregulatory needs. There was no relationship between resource selection or home range size and body size, suggesting size-dependent dominance hierarchies may not have influenced alligator resource selection or space use in our sample. Though apparent habitat suitability and low alligator density did not manifest in an observed dominance hierarchy, we hypothesize that a change in either could increase intraspecific interactions, facilitating a dominance hierarchy. Due to the broad and diverse ecological roles of alligators, understanding the factors that influence their social dominance and space use can provide great insight into their functional role in the ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0161814","usgsCitation":"Strickland, B.A., Vilella, F., and Belant, J.L., 2016, Scale-dependent habitat selection and size-based dominance in adult male American alligators: PLoS ONE, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161814.","productDescription":"e0161814; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-070818","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161814","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River, Ross Barnett Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.96566772460936,\n 32.48601763026006\n ],\n [\n -89.96566772460936,\n 32.601783214045184\n ],\n [\n -89.77203369140625,\n 32.601783214045184\n ],\n [\n -89.77203369140625,\n 32.48601763026006\n ],\n [\n -89.96566772460936,\n 32.48601763026006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dde4b077fc20250e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, Bradley A.","contributorId":177343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickland","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belant, Jerrold L.","contributorId":108394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belant","given":"Jerrold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35599,"text":"Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176203,"text":"70176203 - 2016 - Insights into shallow magmatic processes at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, from a multiyear continuous gravity time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T16:15:23","indexId":"70176203","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T17:50:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into shallow magmatic processes at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, from a multiyear continuous gravity time series","docAbstract":"Continuous gravity data collected near the summit eruptive vent at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, during 2011–2015 show a strong correlation with summit-area surface deformation and the level of the lava lake within the vent over periods of days to weeks, suggesting that changes in gravity reflect variations in volcanic activity. Joint analysis of gravity and lava level time series data indicates that over the entire time period studied, the average density of the lava within the upper tens to hundreds of meters of the summit eruptive vent remained low—approximately 1000–1500 kg/m3. The ratio of gravity change (adjusted for Earth tides and instrumental drift) to lava level change measured over 15 day windows rose gradually over the course of 2011–2015, probably reflecting either (1) a small increase in the density of lava within the eruptive vent or (2) an increase in the volume of lava within the vent due to gradual vent enlargement. Superimposed on the overall time series were transient spikes of mass change associated with inflation and deflation of Kīlauea's summit and coincident changes in lava level. The unexpectedly strong mass variations during these episodes suggest magma flux to and from the shallow magmatic system without commensurate deformation, perhaps indicating magma accumulation within, and withdrawal from, void space—a process that might not otherwise be apparent from lava level and deformation data alone. Continuous gravity data thus provide unique insights into magmatic processes, arguing for continued application of the method at other frequently active volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013057","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., and Carbone, D., 2016, Insights into shallow magmatic processes at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, from a multiyear continuous gravity time series: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 7, p. 5477-5492, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013057.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5477","endPage":"5492","ipdsId":"IP-074796","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30393600463867,\n 19.39050559875186\n ],\n [\n -155.30393600463867,\n 19.44296062654318\n ],\n [\n -155.23029327392578,\n 19.44296062654318\n ],\n [\n -155.23029327392578,\n 19.39050559875186\n ],\n [\n -155.30393600463867,\n 19.39050559875186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c94320e4b0f2f0cec1359d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":124561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5113,"text":"INGV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176205,"text":"70176205 - 2016 - Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:30:45","indexId":"70176205","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged","docAbstract":"1. Drylands represent our planet's largest terrestrial biome and, due to their extensive area, maintain large stocks of carbon (C). Accordingly, understanding how dryland C cycling will respond to climate change is imperative for accurately forecasting global C cycling and future climate. However, it remains difficult to predict how increased temperature will affect dryland C cycling, as substantial uncertainties surround the potential responses of the two main C fluxes: plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux. In addition to a need for an improved understanding of climate effects on individual dryland C fluxes, there is also notable uncertainty regarding how climate change may influence the relationship between these fluxes.
2. To address this important knowledge gap, we measured a growing season's in situphotosynthesis, plant biomass accumulation, and soil CO2 efflux of mature Achnatherum hymenoides (a common and ecologically important C3 bunchgrass growing throughout western North America) exposed to ambient or elevated temperature (+2°C above ambient, warmed via infrared lamps) for three years.
3. The 2°C increase in temperature caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis, plant growth, and soil CO2 efflux. Of important note, photosynthesis and soil respiration appeared tightly coupled and the relationship between these fluxes was not altered by the elevated temperature treatment, suggesting C fixation's strong control of both above-ground and below-ground dryland C cycling. Leaf water use efficiency was substantially increased in the elevated temperature treatment compared to the control treatment.
4. Taken together, our results suggest notable declines in photosynthesis with relatively subtle warming, reveal strong coupling between above- and below-ground C fluxes in this dryland, and highlight temperature's strong effect on fundamental components of dryland C and water cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.12708","usgsCitation":"Wertin, T.M., Belnap, J., and Reed, S.C., 2016, Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged: Functional Ecology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 297-305, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12708.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065527","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470593,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438555,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1PVH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Experimental Design Plant and Soil Measurement Data for Achnatherum hymenoides from a warming experiment, Colorado Plateau, 2011"},{"id":328208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1PVH","text":"Experimental Design Plant and Soil Measurement Data, Colorado Plateau, 2011"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c9431ee4b0f2f0cec13582","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.12708","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12708","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Wertin Timothy M., Belnap Jayne, Reed Sasha C.","journalName":"Functional Ecology","publicationDate":"9/28/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/28/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wertin, Timothy M.","contributorId":28853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wertin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176199,"text":"70176199 - 2016 - Characterizing potentially induced earthquake rate changes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:06:53","indexId":"70176199","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing potentially induced earthquake rate changes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, southern California","docAbstract":"The Brawley seismic zone (BSZ), in the Salton trough of southern California, has a history of earthquake swarms and geothermal energy exploitation. Some earthquake rate changes may have been induced by fluid extraction and injection activity at local geothermal fields, particularly at the North Brawley Geothermal Field (NBGF) and at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF). We explore this issue by examining earthquake rate changes and interevent distance distributions in these fields. In Oklahoma and Arkansas, where considerable wastewater injection occurs, increases in background seismicity rate and aftershock productivity and decreases in interevent distance were indicative of fluid‐injection‐induced seismicity. Here, we test if similar changes occur that may be associated with fluid injection and extraction in geothermal areas. We use stochastic epidemic‐type aftershock sequence models to detect changes in the underlying seismogenic processes, shown by statistically significant changes in the model parameters. The most robust model changes in the SSGF roughly occur when large changes in net fluid production occur, but a similar correlation is not seen in the NBGF. Also, although both background seismicity rate and aftershock productivity increased for fluid‐injection‐induced earthquake rate changes in Oklahoma and Arkansas, the background rate increases significantly in the BSZ only, roughly corresponding with net fluid production rate increases. Moreover, in both fields the interevent spacing does not change significantly during active energy projects. This suggests that, although geothermal field activities in a tectonically active region may not significantly change the physics of earthquake interactions, earthquake rates may still be driven by fluid injection or extraction rates, particularly in the SSGF.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150053","usgsCitation":"Llenos, A.L., and Michael, A.J., 2016, Characterizing potentially induced earthquake rate changes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 2045-2062, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150053.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2045","endPage":"2062","ipdsId":"IP-063493","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.8,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 33.3\n ],\n [\n -115.4,\n 33.3\n ],\n [\n -115.4,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 32.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c9431ce4b0f2f0cec1355f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176208,"text":"70176208 - 2016 - Organic petrology and geochemistry of mudrocks from the lacustrine Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, northwest China: Application to lake basin evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T12:55:40","indexId":"70176208","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T17:20:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic petrology and geochemistry of mudrocks from the lacustrine Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, northwest China: Application to lake basin evolution","docAbstract":"Exploration for tight oil in the frontier Santanghu Basin of northwest China has resulted in recent commercial discoveries sourced from the lacustrine Upper Permian Lucaogou Formation, already considered a “world class source rock” in the Junggar Basin to the west. Here we apply an integrated analytical program to carbonate-dominated mudrocks from the Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin to document the nature of organic matter (OM) in the context of an evolving lake system. The organic-rich samples (TOC 2.8–11.4 wt%; n = 10) were widely spaced from an ~ 200 m cored section, interpreted from textural and mineralogical evidence to document transition from a lower under-filled to an overlying balanced-filled lake. Organic matter is dominated by moderate to strongly fluorescent amorphous material with Type I geochemical signature (HI values 510–755; n = 10) occurring in a continuum from lamellar stringers, 10–20 μm thick, some ≥ 1 mm in length (possible microbial mat; preserved only in lower under-filled section) to finely-disseminated amorphous groundmass intimately intermixed with mineral matrix. Biomarkers for methanotrophs and photosynthetic cyanobacteria indicate a complex microbial consortium. A unicellular prasinophyte green alga(?), similar to Tasmanites in marine rocks, is present as discrete flattened discs 50–100 μm in diameter. Type III OM including vitrinite (some fluorescent) and inertinite also is abundant. Solid bitumen, indicating local kerogen conversion, fills voids and occurs throughout the cored section. Vitrinite reflectance values are 0.47–0.58%, consistent with strong OM fluorescence but may be “suppressed”. Other proxies, e.g., biomarker parameters, indicate the Lucaogou Formation is in the early oil window at this location. On average, slightly more amorphous OM and telalginite are present in the lower section, consistent with a shallow, stratified, saline environment with low sediment dilution. More inertinite is present in the upper section, indicating greater terrestrial influx and consistent with higher quartz and plagioclase content (dominantly authigenic chalcedony and albite). Laminated mudstones in the upper section indicate anoxia prevented bioturbation from benthic grazing, also indicating stratified water column conditions. A decrease upsection in authigenic dolomite with reciprocal increase of ankerite/siderite is consistent with decreasing salinity, as is an overall decrease in gammacerane index values. These observations suggest evolution from a shallow, stratified evaporative (saline) setting to a deeper, stratified freshwater basin with higher water input during Lucaogou deposition. The evolution from an under-filled to balance-filled lake in Santanghu Basin is similar to Lucaogou deposition in Junggar Basin, suggesting similar tectonic and climatic controls. Paleoclimate interpretations from other researchers in this area suggested an evolution from semi-arid to humid conditions during the Roadian; we interpret that the evolution from an under-filled to balanced-filled lake seen in our data is in response to climate change, and may represent increased groundwater delivery to the Santanghu Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Fishman, N., Wu, T., and Baugher, G., 2016, Organic petrology and geochemistry of mudrocks from the lacustrine Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, northwest China: Application to lake basin evolution: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 168, no. 1, p. 20-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-075908","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c94321e4b0f2f0cec135a1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hackley Paul C., Fishman Neil, Wu Tao, Baugher Gregory","journalName":"International Journal of Coal Geology","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, Neil","contributorId":145906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","affiliations":[{"id":16290,"text":"Hess Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Tao","contributorId":174230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Tao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16290,"text":"Hess Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baugher, Gregory","contributorId":174231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baugher","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199854,"text":"70199854 - 2016 - Maxent modeling for predicting potential distribution of goitered gazelle in central Iran: the effect of extent and grain size on performance of the model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:05:19","indexId":"70199854","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T15:38:26","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5759,"text":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maxent modeling for predicting potential distribution of goitered gazelle in central Iran: the effect of extent and grain size on performance of the model","docAbstract":"The spatial scale of environmental layers is an important factor to consider in developing an understanding of ecological processes. This study employed Maxent modeling to investigate the geographic distribution of goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstädt, 1780), in central Iran using uncorrelated variables at a spatial resolution of 250 m. We used spatial downscaling to downscale WorldClim data to 250-m resolution. We evaluated the sensitivity of the model to different grain and extent sizes from 250 m to 3 km. We compared the performance of the model at different scales using suitability indexes (AUC) and predicted habitat areas. Two models performed with AUC values higher than random (AUCun = 0.957, AUCpu = 0.953). The distribution of potential habitats at 250- m grid size was strongly influenced by bioclimatic data, vegetation type and density, and elevation. There were few spatial divergences between uncorrelated and pruned models. The mean AUC across eight different spatial scales ranged from 0.936 to 0.959. There was a significant negative correlation between grain size and AUC (R2 = 0.57). An increase in grain size increased the predicted habitat area. The extent size and AUC showed a positive correlation (R2 = 0.18). Predicted suitability habitat also decreased as extent size increased (R2 = 0.49). Spatial congruence AUC fluctuated within a small range and the maximum difference occurred between models of 1 × 1 and 2.5 × 2.5 km. These results showed that an increase in extent size is more accurate than an increase in grain size, and the maximum accuracy for predicting distribution of goitered gazelle in Iran was obtained if the grain size and extent size were 750 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"Tubitak","doi":"10.3906/zoo-1505-38","usgsCitation":"Khosravi, R., Hemami, M., Malekian, M., Flint, A.L., and Flint, L.E., 2016, Maxent modeling for predicting potential distribution of goitered gazelle in central Iran: the effect of extent and grain size on performance of the model: Turkish Journal of Zoology, v. 40, p. 574-585, https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1505-38.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"585","ipdsId":"IP-070743","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1505-38","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc032a7e4b0fc368eb53a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khosravi, Rasoul","contributorId":208380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khosravi","given":"Rasoul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37792,"text":"Isfahan University of Technology, Iran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza","contributorId":208381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemami","given":"Mahmoud-Reza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37792,"text":"Isfahan University of Technology, Iran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malekian, Mansoureh","contributorId":208382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malekian","given":"Mansoureh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37792,"text":"Isfahan University of Technology, Iran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173934,"text":"70173934 - 2016 - Persistent slip rate discrepancies in the eastern California (USA) shear zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T13:52:11","indexId":"70173934","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T13:52:03","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent slip rate discrepancies in the eastern California (USA) shear zone","docAbstract":"Understanding fault slip rates in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) using GPS geodesy is complicated by potentially overlapping strain signals due to many sub-parallel strike-slip faults and by inconsistencies with geologic slip rates. The role of fault system geometry in describing ECSZ deformation may be investigated with total variation regularization, which algorithmically determines a best-fitting geometry from an initial model with numerous faults, constrained by a western United States GPS velocity field. The initial dense model (1) enables construction of the first geodetically constrained block model to include all ECSZ faults with geologic slip rates, allowing direct geologic-geodetic slip rate comparisons, and (2) permits fault system geometries with many active faults that are analogous to distributed interseismic deformation. Beginning with 58 ECSZ blocks, a model containing 10 ECSZ blocks is most consistent with geologic slip rates, reproducing five of 11 within their reported uncertainties. The model fits GPS observations with a mean residual velocity of 1.5 mm/yr. Persistent geologic-geodetic slip rate discrepancies occur on the Calico and Garlock faults, on which we estimate slip rates of 7.6 mm/yr and <2 mm/yr, respectively, indicating that inconsistencies between geology and geodesy may be concentrated on or near these faults and are not due to pervasive distributed deformation in the region. Discrepancies may in part be due to postseismic relaxation following the A.D. 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers and 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes. Otherwise, resolving geologic-geodetic discrepancies would require as much as 11.4 mm/yr of off-fault deformation within <10 km of the main ECSZ faults, with ∼5 mm/yr concentrated near the Calico fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G37967.1","usgsCitation":"Evans, E., Thatcher, W.R., Pollitz, F., and Murray, J.R., 2016, Persistent slip rate discrepancies in the eastern California (USA) shear zone: Geology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 691-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37967.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"694","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071254","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"44","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc890e4b0f5d57878ec38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Eileen 0000-0002-7290-5269 eevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-5269","contributorId":167021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Eileen","email":"eevans@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199656,"text":"70199656 - 2016 - Shale-gas assessment: Comparison of gas-in-place versus performance-based approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T11:51:06","indexId":"70199656","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T11:51:01","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shale-gas assessment: Comparison of gas-in-place versus performance-based approaches","docAbstract":"The recent interest in exploration for shale gas increases the demand for a reliable, compatible resource assessment. Many different assessment methods are used, commonly depending on types and quantity of data available, which may lead to significantly divergent results for the same shale-gas play. This study compares results obtained using performance-based and gas-in-place methodologies to assess a well-developed and active shale-gas play (Woodford Shale, Arkoma Basin, USA) and two untested, hypothetical shale-gas plays (Shublik and Brookian, Alaska North Slope, USA). Results show that the two assessment methods produce comparable results when assessment units are identically defined and similar geological constraints are used as input parameters. Inherent uncertainties are associated with both assessment methods, and these are related to aspects of shale-gas production that are not well understood. The performance-based method relies on decline trend analysis to generate distributions of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), and uncertainty increases in cases of short production history. The gas-in-place method requires the application of a recovery factor to estimate technically recoverable resources, and both absolute values of recovery factors and their spatial variability are poorly documented, and therefore a source of uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-015-9283-y","usgsCitation":"Stueck, H., Houseknecht, D.W., Franke, D., Gautier, D., Bahr, A., and Ladage, S., 2016, Shale-gas assessment: Comparison of gas-in-place versus performance-based approaches: Natural Resources Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 315-329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-015-9283-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"329","ipdsId":"IP-068231","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc032a7e4b0fc368eb53a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stueck, H.","contributorId":208137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stueck","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37755,"text":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 30655 Hanover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franke, D.","contributorId":208138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franke","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37755,"text":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 30655 Hanover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L.","contributorId":208139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[{"id":27856,"text":"USGS-retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bahr, A.","contributorId":208140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bahr","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37755,"text":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 30655 Hanover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ladage, S.","contributorId":208141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37755,"text":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 30655 Hanover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176197,"text":"70176197 - 2016 - Global biodiversity monitoring: from data sources to essential biodiversity variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T17:34:04","indexId":"70176197","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global biodiversity monitoring: from data sources to essential biodiversity variables","docAbstract":"Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) consolidate information from varied biodiversity observation sources. Here we demonstrate the links between data sources, EBVs and indicators and discuss how different sources of biodiversity observations can be harnessed to inform EBVs. We classify sources of primary observations into four types: extensive and intensive monitoring schemes, ecological field studies and satellite remote sensing. We characterize their geographic, taxonomic and temporal coverage. Ecological field studies and intensive monitoring schemes inform a wide range of EBVs, but the former tend to deliver short-term data, while the geographic coverage of the latter is limited. In contrast, extensive monitoring schemes mostly inform the population abundance EBV, but deliver long-term data across an extensive network of sites. Satellite remote sensing is particularly suited to providing information on ecosystem function and structure EBVs. Biases behind data sources may affect the representativeness of global biodiversity datasets. To improve them, researchers must assess data sources and then develop strategies to compensate for identified gaps. We draw on the population abundance dataset informing the Living Planet Index (LPI) to illustrate the effects of data sources on EBV representativeness. We find that long-term monitoring schemes informing the LPI are still scarce outside of Europe and North America and that ecological field studies play a key role in covering that gap. Achieving representative EBV datasets will depend both on the ability to integrate available data, through data harmonization and modeling efforts, and on the establishment of new monitoring programs to address critical data gaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014","usgsCitation":"Proenca, V., Martin, L.J., Pereira, H.M., Fernandez, M., McRae, L., Belnap, J., Böhm, M., Brummitt, N., Garcia-Moreno, J., Gregory, R., Honrado, J.P., Jurgens, N., Opige, M., Schmeller, D.S., Tiago, P., and van Sway, C.A., 2016, Global biodiversity monitoring: from data sources to essential biodiversity variables: Biological Conservation, v. 213, no. B, p. 256-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-066053","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c94320e4b0f2f0cec13592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proenca, Vania","contributorId":174213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Proenca","given":"Vania","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27383,"text":"MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Laura J.","contributorId":147654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16883,"text":"Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pereira, Henrique M.","contributorId":147659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Henrique","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16888,"text":"(1) German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (2) Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Miguel","contributorId":174214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27384,"text":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McRae, Louise","contributorId":41703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRae","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Böhm, Monika","contributorId":11095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhm","given":"Monika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brummitt, Neil","contributorId":147648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brummitt","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16878,"text":"Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Garcia-Moreno, Jaime","contributorId":174215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Moreno","given":"Jaime","affiliations":[{"id":27385,"text":"ESiLi consulting. Het Haam 16, 6846 KW Arnhem, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gregory, Richard D.","contributorId":96161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Honrado, Joao P","contributorId":174216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honrado","given":"Joao","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":27386,"text":"CIBIO / InBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva & Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Vairao, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jurgens, Norbert","contributorId":174217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27387,"text":"Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE), Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Opige, Michael","contributorId":174218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Opige","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27388,"text":"NatureUganda, The East Africa Natural History Society, P. 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Box 27034, Katalima Crescent, Naguru,Kampala, Uganda","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schmeller, Dirk S.","contributorId":147645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmeller","given":"Dirk","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16875,"text":"(1)Dept of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tiago, Patricia","contributorId":174220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tiago","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27390,"text":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"van Sway, Chris A","contributorId":174221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Sway","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":27391,"text":"Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 506, 6700 AMWageningen, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70215609,"text":"70215609 - 2016 - Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-26T16:00:09.402604","indexId":"70215609","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T10:42:24","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1028,"text":"Biology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Timing of spring sea-ice retreat shapes the southeast Bering Sea food web. We compared summer seabird densities and average bathymetry depth distributions between years with early (typically warm) and late (typically cold) ice retreat. Averaged over all seabird species, densities in early-ice-retreat-years were 10.1% (95% CI: 1.1–47.9%) of that in late-ice-retreat-years. In early-ice-retreat-years, surface-foraging species had increased numbers over the middle shelf (50–150 m) and reduced numbers over the shelf slope (200–500 m). Pursuit-diving seabirds showed a less clear trend. Euphausiids and the copepod Calanus marshallae/glacialis were 2.4 and 18.1 times less abundant in early-ice-retreat-years, respectively, whereas age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus near-surface densities were 51× higher in early-ice-retreat-years. Our results suggest a mechanistic understanding of how present and future changes in sea-ice-retreat timing may affect top predators like seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2016.0276","usgsCitation":"Renner, M., Salo, S., Eisner, L.B., Kuletz, K.J., Santora, J., Ressler, P., Piatt, J.F., Ladd, C., Drew, G.S., and Hunt, G., 2016, Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea: Biology Letters, v. 12, no. 9, 20160276, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0276.","productDescription":"20160276, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074505","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.2099609375,\n 51.86292391360244\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 51.86292391360244\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -175.2099609375,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -175.2099609375,\n 51.86292391360244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renner, Martin","contributorId":243997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renner","given":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":35191,"text":"Tern Again Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salo, Sigrid","contributorId":244010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salo","given":"Sigrid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisner, Lisa B.","contributorId":102345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisner","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santora, Jarrod A.","contributorId":244015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santora","given":"Jarrod A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ressler, Patrick","contributorId":244012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ressler","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ladd, Carol","contributorId":244014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladd","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hunt, George L.","contributorId":244016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"George L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70176196,"text":"70176196 - 2016 - Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T09:41:08","indexId":"70176196","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Prescribed fire is a widely used forest management tool, yet the long-term effectiveness of prescribed fire in reducing fuels and fire hazards in many vegetation types is not well documented. We assessed the magnitude and duration of reductions in surface fuels and modeled fire hazards in coniferous forests across nine U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau. We used observations from a prescribed fire effects monitoring program that feature standard forest and surface fuels inventories conducted pre-fire, immediately following an initial (first-entry) prescribed fire and at varying intervals up to >20 years post-fire. A subset of these plots was subjected to prescribed fire again (second-entry) with continued monitoring. Prescribed fire effects were highly variable among plots, but we found on average first-entry fires resulted in a significant post-fire reduction in surface fuels, with litter and duff fuels not returning to pre-fire levels over the length of our observations. Fine and coarse woody fuels often took a decade or longer to return to pre-fire levels. For second-entry fires we found continued fuels reductions, without strong evidence of fuel loads returning to levels observed immediately prior to second-entry fire. Following both first- and second-entry fire there were increases in estimated canopy base heights, along with reductions in estimated canopy bulk density and modeled flame lengths. We did not find evidence of return to pre-fire conditions during our observation intervals for these measures of fire hazard. Our results show that prescribed fire can be a valuable tool to reduce fire hazards and, depending on forest conditions and the measurement used, reductions in fire hazard can last for decades. Second-entry prescribed fire appeared to reinforce the reduction in fuels and fire hazard from first-entry fires.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.028","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Lalemand, L., Keifer, M., and Kane, J., 2016, Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 379, p. 265-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-075251","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"379","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c9431de4b0f2f0cec13571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lalemand, Laura 0000-0001-8025-5975 llalemand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-5975","contributorId":174212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lalemand","given":"Laura","email":"llalemand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":35169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209673,"text":"70209673 - 2016 - Highly conductive horizons in the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Basin: Sulfidic early basin strata as key markers of Cordilleran shortening and Eocene extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-21T14:45:32.418007","indexId":"70209673","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T09:45:09","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Highly conductive horizons in the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Basin: Sulfidic early basin strata as key markers of Cordilleran shortening and Eocene extension","docAbstract":"We investigated the crustal structure of the central Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin in northwestern Montana and northern Idaho using a crustal resistivity section derived from a transect of new short- and long-period magnetotelluric (MT) stations. Two- and three-dimensional resistivity models were generated from these data in combination with data collected previously along three parallel short-period MT profiles and from EarthScope MT stations. The models were interpreted together with coincident deep seismic-reflection data collected during the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) program. The upper-crustal portion of the resistivity model correlates well with the mapped surface geology and reveals a three-layer resistivity stratigraphy, best expressed beneath the axis of the Libby syncline. Prominent features in the resistivity models are thick conductive horizons that serve as markers in reconstructing the disrupted basin stratigraphy. The uppermost unit (up to 5 km thick), consisting of all of the Belt Supergroup above the Prichard Formation, is highly resistive (1000–10,000 Ω·m) and has relatively low seismic layer velocities. The intermediate unit (up to 7 km thick) consists of the exposed Prichard Formation and 3+ km of stratigraphy below the deepest stratigraphic exposures of the unit. The intermediate unit has low to moderate resistivity (30–200 Ω·m), relatively high seismic velocities, and high seismic reflectivity, with the latter two characteristics resulting from an abundance of thick syndepositional mafic sills. The lowest unit (5–10 km thick) is nowhere exposed but underlies the intermediate unit and has very high conductivity (4–8 Ω·m) and intermediate seismic velocities. This 17–22-km-thick three-layer stratigraphy is repeated below the Libby syncline, with a base at ~37 km depth. Seismic layer velocities indicate high mantle-like velocities below 37 km beneath the Libby syncline. The continuous high-conductivity layer in the lower repeated section is apparently displaced ~26 km to the east above a low-angle normal fault inferred to be the downdip continuation of the Eocene, east-dipping Purcell Trench detachment fault. Reversal of that and other Eocene displacements reveals a >50-km-thick crustal section at late Paleocene time. Further reversal of apparent thrust displacements of the three-layer stratigraphy along the Lewis, Pinkham, Libby, and Moyie thrusts allows construction of a restored cross section prior to the onset of Cordilleran thrusting in the Jurassic. A total of ~220 km of Jurassic–Paleocene shortening along these faults is indicated. The enhanced conductivity within the lowest (unexposed) Belt stratigraphic unit is primarily attributed to one or more horizons of laminated metallic sulfides; graphite, though not described within the Belt Supergroup, may also contribute to the enhanced conductivity of the lowest stratigraphic unit. A narrow conductive horizon observed within the Prichard Formation in the eastern part of the transect correlates with the stratigraphic position of the world-class Sullivan sedimentary exhalative massive sulfide deposit in southern British Columbia, and it may represent a distal sulfide blanket deposit broadly dispersed across the Belt Basin. By analogy, the thick conductive sub–Prichard Formation unit may represent repeated sulfide depositional events within the early rift history of the basin, potentially driven by hydrothermal fluids released during basaltic underplating of attenuated continental crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Belt basin: Window to Mesoproterozoic Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2016.2522(12)","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Bedrosian, P.A., and Box, S.E., 2016, Highly conductive horizons in the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Basin: Sulfidic early basin strata as key markers of Cordilleran shortening and Eocene extension, chap. of Belt basin: Window to Mesoproterozoic Earth, v. 522, p. 305-339, https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.2522(12).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"339","ipdsId":"IP-058401","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.2522(12)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -110.775146484375,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -110.775146484375,\n 50.15578588538455\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 50.15578588538455\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 45.034714778688624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"522","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192987,"text":"70192987 - 2016 - Hydrology of flooded and wetland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T12:53:09","indexId":"70192987","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrology of flooded and wetland forests","docAbstract":"In this chapter we will examine the hydrology of forested areas that are subject to soil saturation by rain, groundwater, or surface flooding. They include mangroves and other tidal forests, the forested portions of peatlands, and tree dominated wetlands defined by the Ramsar Convention (Mathews 1993). They also include estuarine tidal forests, palustrine forested wetlands, and the portion of palustrine scrub-shrub which are made up of immature tree species of the Cowardin et al. (1985) classification. A broad outline of ecology of all wetlands are described in Mitsch and Gosselink (2015), wetlands specifically with tidal influence are described by Tiner (2013), while descriptions of northern and southern forested wetlands can be found in Trettin et al. (1996) and Messina and Conner (1998) respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest hydrology: Processes, management and assessment","language":"English","publisher":"CABI","isbn":"9781780646602","usgsCitation":"Williams, T.M., Krauss, K.W., and Okruszko, T., 2016, Hydrology of flooded and wetland forests, chap. of Forest hydrology: Processes, management and assessment, p. 103-123.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-069822","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347662,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781780646602"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fcd4e4b06e28e9c2438d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amatya, D.","contributorId":201030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amatya","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724137,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, T. M.","contributorId":76689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bren, L.","contributorId":201031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bren","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Jong, C.","contributorId":201032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Jong","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Williams, T. M.","contributorId":76689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okruszko, T.","contributorId":201029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okruszko","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178854,"text":"70178854 - 2016 - Use of free water by nesting lesser prairie-chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:08:07","indexId":"70178854","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of free water by nesting lesser prairie-chickens","docAbstract":"The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a grassland grouse of semiarid regions. Use of free water has been hypothesized as necessary for egg formation during drought. We assessed the use of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, δ2H) to determine if female lesser prairie-chickens use and incorporate free water during egg formation by testing the relationship between isotope ratios in available free water and eggshells. We collected eggshells from 124 nests and 282 free water samples from three sites in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. Eggshells had δ2H values similar to free water in the year of severe drought but were dissimilar the year with lessened drought severity. With an established link between lesser prairie-chicken eggshells and free water during severe drought, we have identified a mechanism behind observations of lesser prairie-chicken water use. We have demonstrated that hydrogen isotopes can be used to test research questions related to use of free water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.187","usgsCitation":"Robinson, S.G., Haukos, D.A., Sullins, D.S., and Plumb, R.T., 2016, Use of free water by nesting lesser prairie-chickens: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 187-193, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.187.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-071375","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dee4b077fc20250e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Samantha G.","contributorId":172786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullins, Daniel S.","contributorId":166689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plumb, Reid T.","contributorId":172787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumb","given":"Reid","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178157,"text":"70178157 - 2016 - Synthesis of common management concerns associated with dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:16:04","indexId":"70178157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of common management concerns associated with dam removal","docAbstract":"Managers make decisions regarding if and how to remove dams in spite of uncertainty surrounding physical and ecological responses, and stakeholders often raise concerns about certain negative effects, regardless of whether or not these concerns are warranted at a particular site. We used a dam-removal science database supplemented with other information sources to explore seven frequently-raised concerns, herein Common Management Concerns (CMCs). We investigate the occurrence of these concerns and the contributing biophysical controls. The CMCs addressed are: degree and rate of reservoir sediment erosion, excessive channel incision upstream of reservoirs, downstream sediment aggradation, elevated downstream turbidity, drawdown impacts on local water infrastructure, colonization of reservoir sediments by non-native plants, and expansion of invasive fish. Biophysical controls emerged for some of the concerns, providing managers with information to assess whether a given concern is likely to occur at a site. To fully assess CMC risk, managers should concurrently evaluate site conditions and identify the ecosystem or human uses that will be negatively affected if the biophysical phenomenon producing the CMC occurs. We show how many CMCs have one or more controls in common, facilitating the identification of multiple risks at a site, and demonstrate why CMC risks should be considered in the context of other factors like natural watershed variability and disturbance history.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12450","usgsCitation":"Tullos, D.D., Collins, M.J., Bellmore, J.R., Bountry, J.A., Connolly, P., Shafroth, P.B., and Wilcox, A., 2016, Synthesis of common management concerns associated with dam removal: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1179-1206, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12450.","productDescription":"27 p. 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Heavy rainfall caused flood peaks with annual exceedance probabilities of less than 0.002 (flood recurrence interval of greater than 500 years) on large and small streams in and surrounding the Duluth area. A geomorphic segment-scale classification previously developed in 2003–4 by the U.S. Geological Survey for Duluth-area streams was used as a framework to characterize the observed flood-related responses along a longitudinal continuum from headwaters to rivermouths at Lake Superior related to drainage network position, slope, geologic setting, and valley type. Field assessments in 2013 followed and expanded on techniques used in 2003–4 at intensive and rapid sites. A third level of assessment was added in 2013 to increase the amount of quantitative data at a subset of 2003–4 rapid sites. Characteristics of channel morphology, channel bed substrate, exposed bars and soft sediment deposition, large wood, pools, and bank erosion were measured; and repeat photographs were taken. Additional measurements in 2013 included identification of Rosgen Level II stream types. The comparative analyses of field data collected in 2003–4 and again in 2013 indicated notable geomorphic changes, some of them expected and others not. As expected, in headwaters with gently sloping wetland segments, geomorphic changes were negligible (little measured or observed change). Downstream, middle main stems generally had bank and bluff erosion and bar formation as expected. Steep bedrock sites along middle and lower main stems had localized bank and bluff erosion in short sections with intermittent bedrock. Lower main stem and alluvial sites had bank erosion, widening, gravel bar deposition, and aggradation. Bar formation and accumulation of gravel was more widespread than expected among all main stems, especially for sites upstream and downstream from channel constrictions from road crossings, or even steep sites with localized, more gently sloping sections. Decreases in large wood and pools also were observed throughout the longitudinal continuum of main-stem sites, with immediate implications for fish and benthic invertebrate aquatic habitat. Whether or not the geomorphic conditions will return to their preflood condition depends on the location along the longitudinal continuum. The amount of large wood and pools may return after more moderate floods, whereas bars with coarse material may remain in place, locally altering flow direction and causing continued bank erosion. Results from this study can be used by local managers in postflood reconstruction efforts and provide baseline information for continued monitoring of geomorphic responses to the June 2012 flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Ellison, C.A., Czuba, C.R., Young, B.M., McCool, M.M., and Groten, J.T., 2016, Geomorphic responses of Duluth-area streams to the June 2012 flood, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5104, 53 p. with appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165104.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; Appendixes: 1–4","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065922","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328169,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"990 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 4"},{"id":328168,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix3.zip","text":"Appendix 3","size":"2.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 3"},{"id":328167,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 2"},{"id":328166,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 1"},{"id":328164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Duluth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.92741394042969,\n 46.87849898215226\n ],\n [\n -92.01805114746094,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -92.0328140258789,\n 46.981891954654735\n ],\n [\n -92.07744598388672,\n 47.003202171774475\n ],\n [\n -92.13890075683594,\n 46.96666516842388\n ],\n [\n -92.14302062988281,\n 46.90806019832023\n ],\n [\n -92.19657897949219,\n 46.81039934792954\n ],\n [\n -92.20756530761719,\n 46.785956378641224\n ],\n [\n -92.35382080078125,\n 46.69301892051677\n ],\n [\n -92.31021881103516,\n 46.66758028334327\n ],\n [\n -92.24292755126953,\n 46.65438516352555\n ],\n [\n -92.20378875732422,\n 46.65532777888051\n ],\n [\n -92.20172882080078,\n 46.703614817813545\n ],\n [\n -92.1866226196289,\n 46.71915170604123\n ],\n [\n -92.1488571166992,\n 46.71891633201399\n ],\n [\n -92.13924407958984,\n 46.739390031317825\n ],\n [\n -92.02869415283203,\n 46.822616668804926\n ],\n [\n -91.92741394042969,\n 46.87849898215226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
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2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112