{"pageNumber":"1080","pageRowStart":"26975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70026185,"text":"70026185 - 2004 - Weathering controls on mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026185","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering controls on mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils","docAbstract":"On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14C data indicate that the creation of slow-cycling carbon can be modeled as occurring through reaction of organic ligands with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations in the upper horizons, followed by sorption to amorphous inorganic Al compounds at depth. Only one of these processes, the chelation Al3+ and Fe3+ by organic ligands, is linked to large carbon stocks. Organic ligands stabilized by this process traverse the soil column as dissolved organic carbon (both from surface horizons and root exudates). At our moist grassland site, this chelation and transport process is very strongly correlated with the storage and long-term stabilization of soil organic carbon. Our 14C results show that the mechanisms of organic carbon transport and storage at this site follow a classic model previously believed to only be significant in a single soil order (Spodosols), and closely related to the presence of forests. The presence of this process in the grassland Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol soils of this chronosequence suggests that this process is a more significant control on organic carbon storage than previously thought. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GB002219","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Masiello, C., Chadwick, O., Southon, J., Torn, M., and Harden, J., 2004, Weathering controls on mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 4, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002219.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478183,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002219"},{"id":234737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb8e4b08c986b32ea74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masiello, C.A.","contributorId":83715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masiello","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, O.A.","contributorId":15219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southon, J.","contributorId":88922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torn, M.S.","contributorId":35051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026180,"text":"70026180 - 2004 - Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026180","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"The Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea-level rise (1??03 cm year-1) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross-sections and prograding ebb-tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward > 2??2 km since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb-tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey-brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75-100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60-80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebb-tidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb-tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb-tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2-3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine-grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb-tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb-tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along sand-rich coasts by their muddy content and lack of large-scale stratification produced by channel cut-and-fills and bar migration. ?? 2004 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"FitzGerald, D.M., Kulp, M., Penland, S., Flocks, J., and Kindinger, J., 2004, Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta: Sedimentology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1157-1178, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x"},{"id":234665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e35e4b0c8380cd70884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penland, S.","contributorId":58778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, J.","contributorId":68514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026174,"text":"70026174 - 2004 - Seismic velocity models for the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T11:33:14.842711","indexId":"70026174","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocity models for the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"Crustal-scale seismic-velocity models across the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway show a 50-km-thick crust, a near vertical fault trace, and a 5-km-wide damage zone associated with the fault near Trans-Alaska Pipeline Pump Station 10, which provided the closest strong ground motion recordings of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake. We compare models, derived from seismic reflection and refraction surveys acquired in 1986 and 1987, to laboratory measurements of seismic velocities for typical metamorphic rocks exposed along the profiles. Our model for the 1986 seismic reflection profile indicates a 5-km-wide low-velocity zone in the upper 1 km of the Denali fault zone, which we interpret as fault gouge. Deeper refractions from our 1987 line image a 40-km wide, 5-km-deep low-velocity zone along the Denali fault and nearby associated fault strands, which we attribute to a composite damage zone along several strands of the Denali fault zone and to the obliquity of the seismic line to the fault zone. Our velocity model and other geophysical data indicate a nearly vertical Denali fault zone to a depth of 30 km. After-shocks of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake and our velocity model provide evidence for a flower structure along the fault zone consisting of faults dipping toward and truncated by the Denali fault. Wide-angle reflections indicate that the crustal thickness beneath the Denali fault is transitional between the 60-km-thick crust beneath the Alaska Range to the south, and the extended, 30-km-thick crust of the Yukon-Tanana terrane to the north.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040615","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Fuis, G., Lutter, W.J., Christensen, N., and Ratchkovski, N.A., 2004, Seismic velocity models for the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. 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S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N. A.","contributorId":53995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026170,"text":"70026170 - 2004 - Stress interaction between subduction earthquakes and forearc strike-slip faults: Modeling and application to the northern Caribbean plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:07:16","indexId":"70026170","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress interaction between subduction earthquakes and forearc strike-slip faults: Modeling and application to the northern Caribbean plate boundary","docAbstract":"Strike-slip faults in the forearc region of a subduction zone often present significant seismic hazard because of their proximity to population centers. We explore the interaction between thrust events on the subduction interface and strike-slip faults within the forearc region using three-dimensional models of static Coulomb stress change. Model results reveal that subduction earthquakes with slip vectors subparallel to the trench axis enhance the Coulomb stress on strike-slip faults adjacent to the trench but reduce the stress on faults farther back in the forearc region. In contrast, subduction events with slip vectors perpendicular to the trench axis enhance the Coulomb stress on strike-slip faults farther back in the forearc, while reducing the stress adjacent to the trench. A significant contribution to Coulomb stress increase on strike-slip faults in the back region of the forearc comes from \"unclamping\" of the fault, i.e., reduction in normal stress due to thrust motion on the subduction interface. We argue that although Coulomb stress changes from individual subduction earthquakes are ephemeral, their cumulative effects on the pattern of lithosphere deformation in the forearc region are significant. We use the Coulomb stress models to explain the contrasting deformation pattern between two adjacent segments of the Caribbean subduction zone. Subduction earthquakes with slip vectors nearly perpendicular to the Caribbean trench axis is dominant in the Hispaniola segment, where the strike-slip faults are more than 60 km inland from the trench. In contrast, subduction slip motion is nearly parallel to the Caribbean trench axis along the Puerto Rico segment, where the strike-slip fault is less than 15 km from the trench. This observed jump from a strike-slip fault close to the trench axis in the Puerto Rico segment to the inland faults in Hispaniola is explained by different distributions of Coulomb stress in the forearc region of the two segments, as a result of the change from the nearly trench parallel slip on the Puerto Rico subduction interface to the more perpendicular subduction slip beneath Hispaniola. The observations and modeling suggest that subduction-induced strike-slip seismic hazard to Puerto Rico may be smaller than previously assumed but the hazard to Hispaniola remains high. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003031","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Lin, J., 2004, Stress interaction between subduction earthquakes and forearc strike-slip faults: Modeling and application to the northern Caribbean plate boundary: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 12, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003031.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.4658203125,\n              16.109153239219467\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.47900390625,\n              16.109153239219467\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.47900390625,\n              22.553147478403194\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.4658203125,\n              22.553147478403194\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.4658203125,\n              16.109153239219467\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b5ce4b08c986b31ce1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026169,"text":"70026169 - 2004 - Scientific objectives and selection of targets for the SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026169","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific objectives and selection of targets for the SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR)","docAbstract":"The European SMART-1 mission to the Moon, primarily a testbed for innovative technologies, was launched in September 2003 and will reach the Moon in 2005. On board are several scientific instruments, including the point-spectrometer SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR). Taking into account the capabilities of the SMART-1 mission and the SIR instrument in particular, as well as the open questions in lunar science, a selection of targets for SIR observations has been compiled. SIR can address at least five topics: (1) Surface/regolith processes; (2) Lunar volcanism; (3) Lunar crust structure; (4) Search for spectral signatures of ices at the lunar poles; and (5) Ground truth and study of geometric effects on the spectral shape. For each topic we will discuss specific observation modes, necessary to achieve our scientific goals. The majority of SIR targets will be observed in the nadir-tracking mode. More than 100 targets, which require off-nadir pointing and off-nadir tracking, are planned. It is expected that results of SIR observations will significantly increase our understanding of the Moon. Since the exact arrival date and the orbital parameters of the SMART-1 spacecraft are not known yet, a more detailed planning of the scientific observations will follow in the near future. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.002","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Basilevsky, A., Keller, H., Nathues, A., Mall, U., Hiesinger, H., and Rosiek, M., 2004, Scientific objectives and selection of targets for the SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR): Planetary and Space Science, v. 52, no. 14, p. 1261-1285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.002.","startPage":"1261","endPage":"1285","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.002"},{"id":235066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8788e4b08c986b316529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basilevsky, A.T.","contributorId":34208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilevsky","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, H.U.","contributorId":84526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"H.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nathues, A.","contributorId":24145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathues","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mall, U.","contributorId":19751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mall","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hiesinger, H.","contributorId":62808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiesinger","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosiek, M.","contributorId":46679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026165,"text":"70026165 - 2004 - Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data","docAbstract":"Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, we compare the 0?? isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS-derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3??2.09??C, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to ???2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near-surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Williams, R., Steffen, K., and Chien, J.Y., 2004, Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 5, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 3029-3032.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3032","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb35e4b0c8380cd48cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steffen, K.","contributorId":90914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steffen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chien, Janet Y.L.","contributorId":38723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026163,"text":"70026163 - 2004 - Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026163","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests","docAbstract":"Species-specific allometric equations that provide estimates of biomass from measured plant attributes are currently unavailable for shrubs common to South Florida pine rocklands, where fire plays an important part in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems. We developed equations to estimate total aboveground biomass and fine fuel of 10 common hardwood species in the shrub layer of pine forests of the lower Florida Keys. Many equations that related biomass categories to crown area and height were significant (p < 0.05), but the form and variables comprising the best model varied among species. We applied the best-fit regression models to structural information from the shrub stratum in 18 plots on Big Pine Key, the most extensive pine forest in the Keys. Estimates based on species-specific equations indicated clearly that total aboveground shrub biomass and shrub fine fuel increased with time since last fire, but the relationships were non-linear. The relative proportion of biomass constituted by the major species also varied with stand age. Estimates based on mixed-species regressions differed slightly from estimates based on species-specific models, but the former could provide useful approximations in similar forests where species-specific regressions are not yet available. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.059","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Sah, J., Ross, M., Koptur, S., and Snyder, J., 2004, Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 203, no. 1-3, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.059.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.059"}],"volume":"203","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b06e4b0c8380cd52519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sah, J.P.","contributorId":58819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sah","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, M.S.","contributorId":96781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koptur, S.","contributorId":85379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koptur","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, J.R.","contributorId":96622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026158,"text":"70026158 - 2004 - Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the M<sub>w</sub> 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T14:47:48","indexId":"70026158","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the M<sub>w</sub> 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.9, Denali fault earthquake (</span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span>) is the largest continental strike-slip earthquake to occur since the development of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (In</span><span class=\"sc\">SAR</span><span>). We use five interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite, to map the surface deformation at the western end of the fault rupture. Additional geodetic data are provided by displacements observed at 40 campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (</span><span class=\"sc\">GPS</span><span>) sites. We use the data to determine the geometry of the Susitna Glacier fault, thrusting on which initiated the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span>, and to determine a slip model for the entire event that is consistent with both the In</span><span class=\"sc\">SAR</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sc\">GPS</span><span>&nbsp;data. We find there was an average of 7.3 &plusmn; 0.4 m slip on the Susitna Glacier fault, between 1 and 9.5 km depth on a 29 km long fault that dips north at 41 &plusmn; 0.7&deg; and has a surface projection close to the mapped rupture. On the Denali fault, a simple model with large slip patches finds a maximum of 8.7 &plusmn; 0.7 m of slip between the surface and 14.3 &plusmn; 0.2 km depth. A more complex distributed slip model finds a peak of 12.5 &plusmn; 0.8 m in the upper 4 km, significantly higher than the observed surface slip. We estimate a geodetic moment of 670 &plusmn; 10 &times; 10</span><span>18</span><span>&nbsp;N m (</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.9), consistent with seismic estimates. Lack of preseismic data resulted in an absence of In</span><span class=\"sc\">SAR</span><span>&nbsp;coverage for the eastern half of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span>&nbsp;rupture. A dedicated geodetic In</span><span class=\"sc\">SAR</span><span>&nbsp;mission could obviate coverage problems in the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040623","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2004, Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the M<sub>w</sub> 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6, p. S175-S189, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040623.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S175","endPage":"S189","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa08e4b0c8380cd4d8ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026156,"text":"70026156 - 2004 - The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026156","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations","docAbstract":"The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical core, a prognostic cloud scheme, and a multispecies aerosol climatology, as well as components from previous models used at GFDL. The land model, known as LM2, includes soil sensible and latent heat storage, groundwater storage, and stomatal resistance. The performance of the coupled model AM2-LM2 is evaluated with a series of prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations. Particular focus is given to the model's climatology and the characteristics of interannual variability related to El Nin??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). One AM2-LM2 integration was perfor med according to the prescriptions of the second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) and data were submitted to the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI). Particular strengths of AM2-LM2, as judged by comparison to other models participating in AMIP II, include its circulation and distributions of precipitation. Prominent problems of AM2-LM2 include a cold bias to surface and tropospheric temperatures, weak tropical cyclone activity, and weak tropical intraseasonal activity associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. An ensemble of 10 AM2-LM 2 integrations with observed SSTs for the second half of the twentieth century permits a statistically reliable assessment of the model's response to ENSO. In general, AM2-LM2 produces a realistic simulation of the anomalies in tropical precipitation and extratropical circulation that are associated with ENSO. ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J.L., Balaji, V., Broccoli, A., Cooke, W., Delworth, T., Dixon, K., Donner, L., Dunne, K., Freidenreich, S., Garner, S., Gudgel, R., Gordon, C., Held, I., Hemler, R., Horowitz, L., Klein, S., Knutson, T., Kushner, P., Langenhost, A., Lau, N., Liang, Z., Malyshev, S., Milly, P., Nath, M., Ploshay, J., Ramaswamy, V., Schwarzkopf, M., Shevliakova, E., Sirutis, J., Soden, B., Stern, W., Thompson, L., Wilson, R., Wittenberg, A., and Wyman, B., 2004, The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 24, p. 4641-4673.","startPage":"4641","endPage":"4673","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae11e4b08c986b323eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balaji, V.","contributorId":18152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balaji","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broccoli, A.J.","contributorId":75313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broccoli","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooke, W.F.","contributorId":96884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delworth, T.L.","contributorId":56421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delworth","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, K.W.","contributorId":107075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Donner, L.J.","contributorId":7475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donner","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freidenreich, S.M.","contributorId":45089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freidenreich","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Garner, S.T.","contributorId":18944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gudgel, R.G.","contributorId":80051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudgel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gordon, C.T.","contributorId":103453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Held, I.M.","contributorId":66895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Held","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hemler, R.S.","contributorId":58067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemler","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Horowitz, L.W.","contributorId":18945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Klein, S.A.","contributorId":47954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Knutson, T.R.","contributorId":106680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kushner, P.J.","contributorId":107473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushner","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langenhost, A.R.","contributorId":15804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenhost","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lau, N.-C.","contributorId":59998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lau","given":"N.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Liang, Z.","contributorId":72573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Malyshev, S.L.","contributorId":14170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Nath, M.J.","contributorId":101855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nath","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Ploshay, J.J.","contributorId":39171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ploshay","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Ramaswamy, V.","contributorId":38748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramaswamy","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Schwarzkopf, M.D.","contributorId":12664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzkopf","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":27238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sirutis, J.J.","contributorId":78918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sirutis","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Soden, B.J.","contributorId":107474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soden","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Stern, W.F.","contributorId":54777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Thompson, L.A.","contributorId":37928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Wilson, R.J.","contributorId":86543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wittenberg, A.T.","contributorId":70163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Wyman, B.L.","contributorId":37929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyman","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35}]}}
,{"id":70026154,"text":"70026154 - 2004 - Comparison of electrofishing and trammel netting variability for sampling native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:33:59.155072","indexId":"70026154","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of electrofishing and trammel netting variability for sampling native fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The variability in size structure and relative abundance (CPUE; number of fish ≥200 mm total length, </span><i>L</i><sub>T</sub><span>, collected per hour of electrofishing or trammel netting) of three native Colorado River fishes, the endangered humpback chub&nbsp;</span><i>Gila cypha</i><span>, flannelmouth sucker&nbsp;</span><i>Catostomus latipinnus</i><span>&nbsp;and bluehead sucker&nbsp;</span><i>Catostomus discobolus</i><span>, collected from electrofishing and trammel nets was assessed to determine which gear was most appropriate to detect trends in relative abundance of adult fishes. Coefficient of variation (CV) of CPUE ranged from 210 to 566 for electrofishing and 128 to 575 for trammel netting, depending on season, diel period and species. Mean CV was lowest for trammel nets for humpback chub (</span><i>P </i><span>= 0·004) and tended to be lower for flannelmouth sucker (</span><i>P </i><span>= 0·12), regardless of season or diel period. Only one bluehead sucker &gt;200 mm was collected with electrofishing. Electrofishing and trammel netting CPUE were not related for humpback chub (</span><i>r </i><span>= −0·32, </span><i>P </i><span>= 0·43) or flannelmouth sucker (</span><i>r </i><span>= −0·27, </span><i>P </i><span>= 0·46) in samples from the same date, location and hour set. Electrofishing collected a higher proportion of smaller (&lt;200 mm </span><i>L</i><sub>T</sub><span>) humpback chub (</span><i>P </i><span>&lt; 0·001), flannelmouth suckers (</span><i>P </i><span>&lt; 0·001) and bluehead suckers (</span><i>P </i><span>&lt; 0·001) than trammel netting, suggesting that conclusions derived from one gear may not be the same as from the other gear. This is probably because these gears fished different habitats, which are occupied by different fish life stages. To detect a 25% change in CPUE at a power of 0·9, at least 473 trammel net sets or 1918 electrofishing samples would be needed in this 8 km reach. This unattainable amount of samples for both trammel netting and electrofishing indicates that detecting annual changes in CPUE may not be practical and analysis of long‐term data or stock assessment models using mark‐recapture methods may be needed to assess trends in abundance of Colorado River native fishes, and probably other rare fishes as well.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00575.x","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., 2004, Comparison of electrofishing and trammel netting variability for sampling native fishes: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 65, no. 6, p. 1643-1652, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00575.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1652","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85ee4b0c8380cd4d063","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026153,"text":"70026153 - 2004 - Modeling selenium bioaccumulation through arthropod food webs in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:01:45","indexId":"70026153","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling selenium bioaccumulation through arthropod food webs in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Trophic transfer is the main process by which upper trophic level wildlife are exposed to selenium. Transfers through lower levels of a predator's food web thus can be instrumental in determining the threat of selenium in an ecosystem. Little is known about Se transfer through pelagic, zooplankton‐based food webs in San Francisco Bay ([SFB], CA, USA), which serve as an energy source for important predators such as striped bass. A dynamic multipathway bioaccumulation model was used to model Se transfer from phytoplankton to pelagic copepods to carnivorous mysids (<i>Neomysis mercedis</i>). Uptake rates of dissolved Se, depuration rates, and assimilation efficiencies (AE) for the model were determined for copepods and mysids in the laboratory. Small (73‐250 μm) and large (250‐500 μm) herbivorous zooplankton collected from SFB (<i>Oithona/Limnoithona</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acartia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp.) assimilated Se with similar efficiencies (41‐52%) from phytoplankton. Mysids assimilated 73% of Se from small herbivorous zooplankton; Se AE was significantly lower (61%) than larger herbivorous zooplankton. Selenium depuration rates were high for both zooplankton and mysids (12‐25% d<sup>−1</sup>), especially compared to bivalves (2‐3% d<sup>−1</sup>). The model predicted steady state Se concentrations in mysids similar to those observed in the field. The predicted concentration range (1.5‐5.4 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) was lower than concentrations of 4.5 to 24 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>observed in bivalves from the bay. Differences in efflux between mysids and bivalves were the best explanation for the differences in uptake. The results suggest that the risk of selenium toxicity to predators feeding on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N. mercedis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>would be less than the risk to predators feeding on bivalves. Management of selenium contamination should include food webs analyses to focus on the most important exposure pathways identified for a given watershed.</p></div></div><div id=\"sec1-1\" class=\"article-section__content\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/03-4.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schlekat, C., Purkerson, D., and Luoma, S., 2004, Modeling selenium bioaccumulation through arthropod food webs in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 3003-3010, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-4.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3003","endPage":"3010","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-4.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c29e4b0c8380cd6faae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purkerson, D.G.","contributorId":52768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purkerson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026147,"text":"70026147 - 2004 - Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026147","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study","docAbstract":"Understanding the formation and exhumation of the remarkable ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks of the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, hinges on precise determination of the time of eclogite recrystallization. We conducted detailed thermal ionization mass spectrometry, chemical abrasion analysis and sensitive high-resolution ion-microprobe analysis of zircons from four ultrahigh- and high-pressure (HP) rocks. Ion-microprobe analyses from the Flatraket eclogite yielded a broad range of apparently concordant Caledonian ages, suggesting long-term growth. In contrast, higher precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry analysis of zircon subject to combined thermal annealing and multi-step chemical abrasion yielded moderate Pb loss from the first (lowest temperature) abrasion step, possible minor Pb loss or minor growth at 400 Ma from the second step and a 407-404 Ma cluster of slightly discordant 206Pb/238U ages, most likely free from Pb loss, from the remaining abrasion steps. We interpret the latter to reflect zircon crystallization at ???405-400 Ma with minor discordance from inherited cores. Zircon crystallization occurred at eclogite-facies, possibly post-peak conditions, based on compositions of garnet inclusions in zircon as well as nearly flat HREE profiles and lack of Eu anomalies in zircon fractions subjected to chemical abrasion. These ages are significantly younger than the 425 Ma age often cited for western Norway eclogite recrystallization, implying faster rates of exhumation (>2.5-8.5 km/Myr), and coeval formation of eclogites across the UHP portion of the Western Gneiss Region. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Root, D., Hacker, B.R., Mattinson, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Zircon geochronology and ca. 400 Ma exhumation of Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: An ion microprobe and chemical abrasion study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 228, no. 3-4, p. 325-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019.","startPage":"325","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.019"},{"id":234697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28de4b08c986b32f89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, D.B.","contributorId":99348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattinson, J.M.","contributorId":18940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026145,"text":"70026145 - 2004 - Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026145","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community","docAbstract":"A critical variable in both ecological and conservation field studies is determining how many individuals of a species are present within a defined sampling area. Labor intensive techniques such as capture-mark-recapture and removal sampling may provide estimates of abundance, but there are many logistical constraints to their widespread application. Many studies on terrestrial and aquatic salamanders use counts as an index of abundance, assuming that detection remains constant while sampling. If this constancy is violated, determination of detection probabilities is critical to the accurate estimation of abundance. Recently, a model was developed that provides a statistical approach that allows abundance and detection to be estimated simultaneously from spatially and temporally replicated counts. We adapted this model to estimate these parameters for salamanders sampled over a six vear period in area-constrained plots in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimates of salamander abundance varied among years, but annual changes in abundance did not vary uniformly among species. Except for one species, abundance estimates were not correlated with site covariates (elevation/soil and water pH, conductivity, air and water temperature). The uncertainty in the estimates was so large as to make correlations ineffectual in predicting which covariates might influence abundance. Detection probabilities also varied among species and sometimes among years for the six species examined. We found such a high degree of variation in our counts and in estimates of detection among species, sites, and years as to cast doubt upon the appropriateness of using count data to monitor population trends using a small number of area-constrained survey plots. Still, the model provided reasonable estimates of abundance that could make it useful in estimating population size from count surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., and Dorazio, R., 2004, Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community: Herpetologica, v. 60, no. 4, p. 468-478.","startPage":"468","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc042e4b08c986b32a007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026142,"text":"70026142 - 2004 - Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:42:09","indexId":"70026142","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","docAbstract":"This study examines the synthesis of multiple space-based sensors to characterize the urban environment Single scene data (e.g., ASTER visible and near-IR surface reflectance, and land surface temperature data), multi-temporal data (e.g., one year of 16-day MODIS and AVHRR vegetation index data), and DMSP-OLS nighttime light data acquired in the early 1990s and 2000 were evaluated for urban ecosystem analysis. The advantages of a multi-sensor approach for the analysis of urban ecosystem processes are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceDate":"28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","isbn":"1563477203","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., and Ji, L., 2004, Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems, <i>in</i> A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition, v. 1, San Diego, CA, 28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004, p. 424-429.","startPage":"424","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc6e4b0c8380cd7111a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026139,"text":"70026139 - 2004 - Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:49:32","indexId":"70026139","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","docAbstract":"Experimental data for uranium adsorption on a complex weathered rock were simulated by twelve modelling teams from eight countries using surface complexation (SC) models. This intercomparison was part of an international project to evaluate the present capabilities and limitations of SC models in representing sorption by geologic materials. The models were assessed in terms of their predictive ability, data requirements, number of optimised parameters, ability to simulate diverse chemical conditions and transferability to other substrates. A particular aim was to compare the generalised composite (GC) and component additivity (CA) approaches for modelling sorption by complex substrates. Both types of SC models showed a promising capability to simulate sorption data obtained across a range of chemical conditions. However, the models incorporated a wide variety of assumptions, particularly in terms of input parameters such as site densities and surface site types. Furthermore, the methods used to extrapolate the model simulations to different weathered rock samples collected at the same field site tended to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this modelling exercise provides an overview of the present status of adsorption modelling in the context of radionuclide migration as practised in a number of countries worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Ochs, M., Olin, M., and Tweed, C., 2004, Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches: Radiochimica Acta, v. 92, no. 9-11, p. 651-661, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992"},{"id":234555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd82e4b08c986b329071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ochs, M.","contributorId":92025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olin, M.","contributorId":58439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tweed, C.J.","contributorId":90087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026125,"text":"70026125 - 2004 - Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026125","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data","docAbstract":"A pilot system for archiving and web dissemination of geotechnical data collected and stored by various agencies is currently under development. Part of the scope of this project, sponsored by the Consortium of Organizations for Strong-Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS) and by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Lifelines Program, is the development of a data dictionary and formatting standard. This paper presents the data model along with the basic structure of the data dictionary tables for this pilot system.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004","conferenceDate":"27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., Bobbitt, J., Ponti, D., and Shimel, S., 2004, Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 126 I, Los Angeles, CA, 27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004, p. 829-836.","startPage":"829","endPage":"836","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"126 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd71e4b0c8380cd4e82a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","contributorId":128426,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","id":536576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.","contributorId":83807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bobbitt, J.I.","contributorId":59696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobbitt","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponti, D.J.","contributorId":94326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimel, S.A.","contributorId":37220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimel","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156755,"text":"70156755 - 2004 - Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T12:48:09","indexId":"70156755","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Land Cover Map of North and Central America for the year 2000 (GLC 2000-NCA), prepared by NRCan/CCRS and USGS/EROS Data Centre (EDC) as a regional component of the Global Land Cover 2000 project, is the subject of this paper. A new mapping approach for transforming satellite observations acquired by the SPOT4/VGTETATION (VGT) sensor into land cover information is outlined. The procedure includes: (1) conversion of daily data into 10-day composite; (2) post-seasonal correction and refinement of apparent surface reflectance in 10-day composite images; and (3) extraction of land cover information from the composite images. The pre-processing and mosaicking techniques developed and used in this study proved to be very effective in removing cloud contamination, BRDF effects, and noise in Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR). The GLC 2000-NCA land cover map is provided as a regional product with 28 land cover classes based on modified Federal Geographic Data Committee/Vegetation Classification Standard (FGDC NVCS) classification system, and as part of a global product with 22 land cover classes based on Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of the Food and Agriculture Organisation. The map was compared on both areal and per-pixel bases over North and Central America to the International Geosphere&ndash;Biosphere Programme (IGBP) global land cover classification, the University of Maryland global land cover classification (UMd) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Global land cover classification produced by Boston University (BU). There was good agreement (79%) on the spatial distribution and areal extent of forest between GLC 2000-NCA and the other maps, however, GLC 2000-NCA provides additional information on the spatial distribution of forest types. The GLC 2000-NCA map was produced at the continental level incorporating specific needs of the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.002","usgsCitation":"Latifovic, R., and Zhu, Z., 2004, Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 89, no. 1, p. 116-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034bee4b0f42e3d040e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latifovic, Rasim","contributorId":147109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latifovic","given":"Rasim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156738,"text":"70156738 - 2004 - Forecasting vegetation greenness with satellite and climate data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T10:57:17","indexId":"70156738","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting vegetation greenness with satellite and climate data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new and unique vegetation greenness forecast (VGF) model was designed to predict future vegetation conditions to three months through the use of current and historical climate data and satellite imagery. The VGF model is implemented through a seasonality-adjusted autoregressive distributed-lag function, based on our finding that the normalized difference vegetation index is highly correlated with lagged precipitation and temperature. Accurate forecasts were obtained from the VGF model in Nebraska grassland and cropland. The regression R</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;values range from 0.97-0.80 for 2-12 week forecasts, with higher R</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;associated with a shorter prediction. An important application would be to produce real-time forecasts of greenness images.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2003.821264","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., and Peters, A.J., 2004, Forecasting vegetation greenness with satellite and climate data: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 1, no. 1, p. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2003.821264.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034bae4b0f42e3d040e18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":139587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Albert J.","contributorId":92517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157570,"text":"70157570 - 2004 - Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:09:38","indexId":"70157570","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images, spanning various intervals during 1992&ndash;2000, document coeruptive and posteruptive deformation of the 1992&ndash;1993 eruption on Seguam Island, Alaska. A procedure that combines standard damped least squares inverse methods and collective surfaces, identifies three dominant amorphous clusters of deformation point sources. Predictions generated from these three point source clusters account for both the spatial and temporal complexity of the deformation patterns of the InSAR data. Regularized time series of source strength attribute a distinctive transient behavior to each of the three source clusters. A model that combines magma influx, thermoelastic relaxation, poroelastic effects, and petrologic data accounts for the transient, interrelated behavior of the source clusters and the observed deformation. Basaltic magma pulses, which flow into a storage chamber residing in the lower crust, drive this deformational system. A portion of a magma pulse is injected into the upper crust and remains in storage during both coeruption and posteruption intervals. This injected magma degasses and the volatile products accumulate in a shallow poroelastic storage chamber. During the eruption, another portion of the magma pulse is transported directly to the surface via a conduit roughly centered beneath Pyre Peak on the west side of the island. A small amount of this magma remains in storage during the eruption, and posteruption thermoelastic contraction ensues. This model, made possible by the excellent spatial and temporal coverage of the InSAR data, reveals a relatively simple system of interrelated predictable processes driven by magma dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002568","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., and Lu, Z., 2004, Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. B1, B10401:16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002568.","productDescription":"B10401:16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64f0e4b058f706e536fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044924,"text":"70044924 - 2004 - Mineral resource of the month: copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T12:04:11","indexId":"70044924","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: copper","docAbstract":"Beryllium metal is lighter than aluminum and stiffer than steel. These and other properties, including its strength, dimensional stability, thermal properties and reflectivity, make it useful for aerospace and defense applications, such as satellite and space-vehicle structural components. Beryllium’s nuclear properties, combined with its low density, make it useful as a neutron reflector and moderator in nuclear reactors. Because it is transparent to most X rays, beryllium is used as X-ray windows in medical, industrial and analytical equipment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Edelstein, D.L., 2004, Mineral resource of the month: copper: Geotimes, v. 2004, no. June, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-026029","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270108,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/june06/resources.html"}],"volume":"2004","issue":"June","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c39ce4b01197b08e9cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edelstein, Daniel L. dedelste@usgs.gov","contributorId":2894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dedelste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027490,"text":"70027490 - 2004 - High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T12:53:29","indexId":"70027490","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Siderite-bearing pedogenic horizons of the Nanushuk Formation of the North Slope, Alaska, provide a critical high paleolatitude oxygen isotopic proxy record of paleoprecipitation, supplying important empirical data needed for paleoclimatic reconstructions and models of \"greenhouse-world\" precipitation rates. Siderite ??18O values were determined from four paleosol horizons in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPR-A) Grandstand # 1 Core, and the values range between -17.6??? and -14.3??? Peedee belemnite (PDB) with standard deviations generally less than 0.6??? within individual horizons. The ??13C values are much more variable, ranging from -4.6??? to +10.8??? PDB. A covariant ??18O versus ??13C trend in one horizon probably resulted from mixing between modified marine and meteoric phreatic fluids during siderite precipitation. Groundwater values calculated from siderite oxygen isotopic values and paleobotanical temperature estimates range from -23.0??? to -19.5??? standard mean ocean water (SMOW). Minor element analyses show that the siderites are impure, having enrichments in Ca, Mg, Mn, and Sr. Minor element substitutions and Mg/Fe and Mg/ (Ca + Mg) ratios also suggest the influence of marine fluids upon siderite precipitation. The pedogenic horizons are characterized by gleyed colors, rare root traces, abundant siderite, abundant organic matter, rare clay and silty clay coatings and infillings, some preservation of primary sedimentary stratification, and a lack of ferruginous oxides and mottles. The pedogenic features suggest that these were poorly drained, reducing, hydromorphic soils that developed in coal-bearing delta plain facies and are similar to modern Inceptisols. Model-derived estimates of precipitation rates for the Late Albian of the North Slope, Alaska (485-626 mm/yr), are consistent with precipitation rates necessary to maintain modern peat-forming environments. This information reinforces the mutual consistency between empirical paleotemperature estimates and isotope mass balance models of the hydrologic cycle and can be used in future global circulation modeling (GCM) experiments of \"greenhouse-world\" climates to constrain high latitude precipitation rates in simulations of ancient worlds with decreased equator-to-pole temperature gradients. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25289.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Ludvigson, G.A., Gonzalez, L.A., Brenner, R.L., and Witzke, B.J., 2004, High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 463-473, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30bee4b0c8380cd5d8e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027496,"text":"70027496 - 2004 - Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T17:22:49.372414","indexId":"70027496","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic <i>Orobanche</i> (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","title":"Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of species of&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Cistanche</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Diphelypaea</i><span>&nbsp;(Orobanchaceae) were investigated, and 108 chromosome counts of 53 taxa, 19 counted for the first time, are presented with a thorough compilation of previously published data. Additionally, karyotypes of representatives of these genera, including&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;sects.&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Trionychon</i><span>, are reported.&nbsp;</span><i>Cistanche</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 20) has large meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, while those of&nbsp;</span><i>Diphelypaea</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 19) are medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics. Within three analyzed sections of&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>, sects.&nbsp;</span><i>Myzorrhiza</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 24) and&nbsp;</span><i>Trionychon</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 12) possess medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics, while sect.&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 19) has small, mostly meta- to submetacentric, chromosomes. Polyploidy is unevenly distributed in&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;and restricted to a few lineages, e.g.,&nbsp;</span><i>O</i><span>. sect.&nbsp;</span><i>Myzorrhiza</i><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche gracilis</i><span>&nbsp;and its relatives (sect.&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>). The distribution of basic chromosome numbers supports the groups found by molecular phylogenetic analyses:&nbsp;</span><i>Cistanche</i><span>&nbsp;has&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 20, the&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>-group (</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;sect.&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Diphelypaea</i><span>) has&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 19, and the&nbsp;</span><i>Phelipanche</i><span>-group (</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;sects.&nbsp;</span><i>Gymnocaulis</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Myzorrhiza</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Trionychon</i><span>) has&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 12, 24. A model of chromosome number evolution in&nbsp;</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>&nbsp;and related genera is presented: from two ancestral base numbers,&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;= 5 and&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;= 6, independent polyploidizations led to&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 20 (</span><i>Cistanche</i><span>) and (after dysploidization)&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 19 (</span><i>Orobanche</i><span>-group) and to&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 12 and&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;= 24 (</span><i>Phelipanche</i><span>-group), respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.3.439","usgsCitation":"Schneeweiss, G., Palomeque, T., Colwell, A., and Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., 2004, Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera: American Journal of Botany, v. 91, no. 3, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.3.439.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.3.439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e9e4b0c8380cd4c4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneeweiss, G.M.","contributorId":51429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeweiss","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palomeque, T.","contributorId":37949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palomeque","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colwell, A.E.","contributorId":18490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.","contributorId":31193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss-Schneeweiss","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027432,"text":"70027432 - 2004 - Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T11:41:51","indexId":"70027432","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W)","docAbstract":"The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0-180??W; north of ???60??N). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local HTM temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6??0.8??C higher than present (approximate average of the 20th century), but the warming was time-transgressive across the western Arctic. As the precession-driven summer insolation anomaly peaked 12-10ka (thousands of calendar years ago), warming was concentrated in northwest North America, while cool conditions lingered in the northeast. Alaska and northwest Canada experienced the HTM between ca 11 and 9ka, about 4000yr prior to the HTM in northeast Canada. The delayed warming in Quebec and Labrador was linked to the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet, which chilled the region through its impact on surface energy balance and ocean circulation. The lingering ice also attests to the inherent asymmetry of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that predisposes the region to glaciation and modulates the pattern of climatic change. The spatial asymmetry of warming during the HTM resembles the pattern of warming observed in the Arctic over the last several decades. Although the two warmings are described at different temporal scales, and the HTM was additionally affected by the residual Laurentide ice, the similarities suggest there might be a preferred mode of variability in the atmospheric circulation that generates a recurrent pattern of warming under positive radiative forcing. Unlike the HTM, however, future warming will not be counterbalanced by the cooling effect of a residual North American ice sheet. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kaufman, D.S., Ager, T.A., Anderson, N., Anderson, P.M., Andrews, J.T., Bartlein, P., Brubaker, L., Coats, L.L., Cwynar, L., Duvall, M., Dyke, A.S., Edwards, M.E., Eisner, W.R., Gajewski, K., Geirsdottir, A., Hu, F., Jennings, A.E., Kaplan, M., Kerwin, M., Lozhkin, A., MacDonald, G.M., Miller, G.H., Mock, C.J., Oswald, W., Otto-Bliesner, B., Porinchu, D.F., Ruhland, K., Smol, J.P., Steig, E., and Wolfe, B., 2004, Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W): Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, no. 5-6, p. 529-560, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://oceanrep.geomar.de/27265/1/2004_Kaufman-etal-Holocene_QSR-23.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f7e4b0c8380cd5e3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, N.J.","contributorId":65660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brubaker, L.B.","contributorId":29153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coats, Larry L.","contributorId":72504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cwynar, L.C.","contributorId":107458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cwynar","given":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duvall, M.L.","contributorId":54399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dyke, A. S.","contributorId":8240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyke","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Edwards, M. 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,{"id":70027499,"text":"70027499 - 2004 - Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:13:03.200093","indexId":"70027499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present","docAbstract":"<p>It is commonly believed that fine-textured soils developed on carbonate parent material are well buffered from possible acidification. There are no data, however, that document resistance of such soils to acidic deposition exposure on a timescale longer than 30-40 years. In this paper, we report on directly testing the long-term buffering capacity of nineteenth century forest soils developed on calcareous silt loam. In a chemical analysis comparing archived soils with modern soils collected from the same locations <span>∼100</span> years later, we found varying degrees of forest-soil acidification in the taiga and forest steppe regions. Land-use history, increases in precipitation, and acidic deposition were contributing factors in acidification. The acidification of forest soil was documented through decreases in soil pH and changes in concentrations of exchangeable calcium and aluminum, which corresponded with changes in communities of soil microfauna. Although acidification was found at all three analyzed locations, the trends in soil chemistry were most pronounced where the highest loading of acidic deposition had taken place.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GB002107","usgsCitation":"Lapenis, A., Lawrence, G., Andreev, A., Bobrov, A., Torn, M., and Harden, J., 2004, Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002107.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              28.828124999999996,\n              69.53451763078358\n            ],\n            [\n              28.476562500000004,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              24.960937500000004,\n              57.136239319177434\n            ],\n            [\n              36.21093750000001,\n              48.69096039092554\n            ],\n            [\n              45.703125,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              51.328125,\n              50.28933925329178\n            ],\n            [\n              70.6640625,\n              53.54030739150022\n            ],\n            [\n              113.203125,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              123.04687499999999,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              134.6484375,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              159.2578125,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              192.65625,\n              66.51326044311185\n            ],\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              76.26869465080624\n            ],\n            [\n              104.0625,\n              77.61770905279676\n            ],\n            [\n              56.25,\n              75.84516854027044\n            ],\n            [\n              28.828124999999996,\n              69.53451763078358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e699e4b0c8380cd47515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapenis, A.G.","contributorId":85701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreev, A.A.","contributorId":102229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bobrov, A.A.","contributorId":58454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobrov","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torn, M.S.","contributorId":35051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027024,"text":"70027024 - 2004 - An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027024","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA","docAbstract":"Two cores of Holocene sediments recovered from the Cape Charles Channel of Chesapeake Bay yielded radiocarbon ages of about 6.8 to 5.8 ka for the lower intervals. Fossil foraminifera preserved in these lower sediments are dominated by species of Elphidium, which make up about 90% of the assemblage throughout, and probably signify deposition in hypersaline waters. Buccella frigida and Ammonia beccarii are the only other species commonly present. Hypersalinity of bottom waters seems to have been maintained by water-density stratification in a basin-like section of the channel. In core PTXT-4-P-1 transition to modern Chesapeake conditions, in which numbers of Ammonia beccarii exceed those of Elphidium, commenced about 400 years ago. In core PTXT-3-P-2 hypersalinity is further signified by the presence of abundant euhedral crystals of gypsum in association with the fossil Elphidium. This occurrence of gypsum is not attributed to palaeoclimatic aridity, but rather to inflow of groundwater from adjacent gypsiferous Miocene strata. The study shows that in palaeoclimatic investigations the significance of the presence of gypsum should be evaluated with caution - it does not necessarily signify an evaporative regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683604hl738rr","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Cann, J., and Cronin, T., 2004, An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA: Holocene, v. 14, no. 4, p. 614-620, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl738rr.","startPage":"614","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl738rr"},{"id":235087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ce4b0c8380cd48636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cann, J.","contributorId":14172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cann","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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