The ability to traverse barriers of high water velocity limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, and is central to effective fishway design. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of volitional sprinting behavior of six migratory fish species (American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis, striped bass Morone saxatilis , walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and white sucker Catostomus commersoni), against controlled water velocities of 1.5–4.5 m · s−1 in a large, open-channel flume. In Chapter 1, I develop models of maximum distance traversed ( Dmax) by fish ascending these flows, accounting for water velocity and other covariate effects. I then demonstrate the application of these models, using them to predict proportions of active migrants capable of traversing a range of distances and flow velocities. Chapter 2 focuses on behavior and swimming performance of American shad, analyzing covariate effects on attempt rate as well as Dmax, and formalizing how rate and distance jointly affect overall rates of passage. Models describe a complex pattern of varying responses of attempt rate and Dmax to hydraulics, temperature, effort expended on and recovery time since the previous attempt. In Chapter 3, I use the effect of swimming speed on fatigue time to calculate an optimal swimming speed that maximizes the over-ground distance fish can traverse, and hence defines their maximum ability to traverse velocity barriers. This speed reduces to a constant groundspeed within a given gait, regardless of the speed of flow. Data from all six species support this view, although only American shad exhibit a clear shift from the optimum prolonged speed to the optimum sprint speed at the predicted critical flow velocity. Throughout this dissertation I make extensive and novel use of statistical techniques developed for survival analysis to analyze and model behavioral data, both with respect to attempt rate and to D max. Chapter 4 provides an overview of these methods and demonstrates their application to a fish passage study of downstream-migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. An understanding of the principles described here will help the reader to better understand the findings of the previous three chapters.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Massachusetts-Amherst","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., 2002, Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives, AAI3056208.","productDescription":"AAI3056208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3056208/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32368,"text":"ofr02123 - 2002 - Implosion, earthquake, and explosion recordings from the 2000 Seattle Kingdome Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T19:26:54.074006","indexId":"ofr02123","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-123","title":"Implosion, earthquake, and explosion recordings from the 2000 Seattle Kingdome Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), Washington","docAbstract":"This report describes seismic data obtained in Seattle, Washington, March 24-28, 2000, during a Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS). The seismic recordings obtained by this SHIPS experiment, nicknamed Kingdome SHIPS, were designed to (1) measure site responses throughout Seattle and to (2) help define the location of the Seattle fault. During Kingdome SHIPS, we recorded the Kingdome implosion, four 150-lb (68-kg) shots, and a Mw = 7.6 teleseism using a dense network of seismographs deployed throughout Seattle. The seismographs were deployed at a nominal spacing of 1 km in a hexagonal grid extending from Green Lake in the north to Boeing Field in the south.
\nThe Seattle Kingdome was a domed sports stadium located in downtown Seattle near the Seattle fault. The Seattle Kingdome was imploded (demolished) at 8:32 AM local time (16:32 UTC) on March 26 (JD 086), 2000. The seismic energy produced by implosion of the Kingdome was equivalent to a local earthquake magnitude of 2.3. Strong impacts produced by the implosion of the Kingdome generated seismic arrivals to frequencies as low as 0.1 Hz. Two shots located north of the Seattle fault, where the charges were detonated within the ground water column (Discovery and Magnuson Parks), were much more strongly coupled than were the two shots to the south of the Seattle fault, where the shots were detonated above the water table (Lincoln and Seward Parks).
\nThirty-eight RefTek stations, scattered throughout Seattle, recorded the Mw = 7.6 Japan Volcano Islands earthquake (22.4°N, 143.6°E, 104 km depth) of 28 March 2000 (JD 088). This teleseism produced useful signals for periods between 4 and 7 seconds. Only a few recordings of small magnitude local earthquakes were made, and these recordings are not presented.
\nIn this report, we describe the acquisition of these data, discuss the processing and merging of the data into common shot gathers, and illustrate the acquired data. We also describe the format and content of the archival tapes containing the SEGY-formatted, common-shot gathers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02123","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Pratt, T.L., Weaver, C.S., Snelson, C.M., and Frankel, A.D., 2002, Implosion, earthquake, and explosion recordings from the 2000 Seattle Kingdome Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-123, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02123.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02123.jpg"},{"id":60357,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0123/pdf/of02-123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388913,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51520.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.459696,47.481968 ], [ -122.459696,47.734139 ], [ -122.224433,47.734139 ], [ -122.224433,47.481968 ], [ -122.459696,47.481968 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae04e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snelson, Catherine M.","contributorId":106369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelson","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":38284,"text":"pp1634 - 2002 - Lake Pontchartrain Basin: Bottom sediments and related environmental resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-08T15:14:15.607393","indexId":"pp1634","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1634","title":"Lake Pontchartrain Basin: Bottom sediments and related environmental resources","docAbstract":"Lake Pontchartrain is the largest estuary southern Louisiana. It is an important recreational, commercial, and environmental resource for New Orleans and southwestern Louisiana. This publication is part of a 5-year cooperative program led by the USGS on the geological framework and sedimentary processes of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin.
This presentation is divided into two main parts:
- Scientific Research and Assessments
- Multimedia Tools and Regional Resources
The scientific sections include historical information on the area; shipboard, field, and remote sensing studies; and a comprehensive sediment database with geological and chemical discussions of the region.
The multimedia and resources sections include Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and data, a video demonstrating vibracore sampling techniques in Lake Pontchartrain, and abstracts from four Basics of the Basin symposia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1634","usgsCitation":"2002, Lake Pontchartrain Basin: Bottom sediments and related environmental resources: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1634, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1634.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1634/pp1634.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":3511,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1634/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.87541881886791,\n 30.137540117401784\n ],\n [\n -89.83789157364511,\n 30.08749355429765\n ],\n [\n -89.79567342276981,\n 30.08343461390173\n ],\n [\n -89.7612734479818,\n 30.09019942201064\n ],\n [\n -89.6815280518837,\n 30.130778550073657\n ],\n [\n -89.68621895753623,\n 30.169989191473604\n ],\n [\n -89.7002916744951,\n 30.188912886626966\n ],\n [\n -89.74876436624133,\n 30.195670468237296\n ],\n [\n -89.7518916366761,\n 30.214589229375022\n ],\n [\n -89.80505523407551,\n 30.244311362013917\n ],\n [\n -90.20378221456728,\n 30.403576570772685\n ],\n [\n -90.37734572372236,\n 30.24971442074674\n ],\n [\n -90.45083657895088,\n 30.168637359891576\n ],\n [\n -90.4664729311268,\n 29.991387311114664\n ],\n [\n -90.43363659155652,\n 29.98326138662287\n ],\n [\n -90.36796391241666,\n 30.037421650685985\n ],\n [\n -90.35232756024072,\n 29.991387311114664\n ],\n [\n -90.26476398805399,\n 30.023884357160526\n ],\n [\n -90.13029135933944,\n 29.992741567205485\n ],\n [\n -89.95672785018371,\n 30.041482478178736\n ],\n [\n -89.87541881886791,\n 30.137540117401784\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15dd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T.","contributorId":26991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725444,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Laura 0000-0002-4488-1343 lhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1343","contributorId":2791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Laura","email":"lhayes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725445,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33045,"text":"wri024068 - 2002 - Techniques for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T20:10:38.612992","indexId":"wri024068","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4068","displayTitle":"Techniques for Estimating Selected Streamflow Characteristics of Rural, Unregulated Streams in Ohio","title":"Techniques for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"This report provides equations for estimating mean annual streamflow, mean monthly streamflows, harmonic mean streamflow, and streamflow quartiles (the 25th-, 50th-, and 75th-percentile streamflows) as a function of selected basin characteristics for rural, unregulated streams in Ohio. The equations were developed from streamflow statistics and basin-characteristics data for as many as 219 active or discontinued streamflow-gaging stations on rural, unregulated streams in Ohio with 10 or more years of homogenous daily streamflow record. Streamflow statistics and basin-characteristics data for the 219 stations are presented in this report.
Simple equations (based on drainage area only) and best-fit equations (based on drainage area and at least two other basin characteristics) were developed by means of ordinary least-squares regression techniques. Application of the best-fit equations generally involves quantification of basin characteristics that require or are facilitated by use of a geographic information system. In contrast, the simple equations can be used with information that can be obtained without use of a geographic information system; however, the simple equations have larger prediction errors than the best-fit equations and exhibit geographic biases for most streamflow statistics. The best-fit equations should be used instead of the simple equations whenever possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water, Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Whitehead, M.T., 2002, Techniques for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4068, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024068.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395722,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
The information contained herein pertains to the original reflectance calibration derived solely from the Saltair beach site on the shores of Great Salt Lake. The reflectance data derived from this calibration becomes markedly affected by residual absorptions due to atmospheric water vapor and carbon dioxide within short horizontal and vertical distances from the calibration site due to the presence of what is believed to be a distinct microclimate by the lake. Subsequent to the development of this web site, a new reflectance calibration was derived which mitigated these effects. Reflectance spectra of bright areas of known composition in the East Tintic Mountains, far from Great Salt Lake, were sampled from the calibrated high altitude AVIRIS data cubes and edited, or \"polished,\" to identify artifacts related to residual absorptions of atmospheric gases, particulates, and sensor noise. The subtle artifacts identified in this way were incorporated into the multiplier spectra derived from the original calibration site, generating new multiplier spectra that were used to re-calibrate the ATREM- and path radiance-corrected cubes to reflectance. This process generated a reflectance calibration customized for the Oquirrh/East Tintic Mountain region.
Borehole geophysical logging and aquifer-isolation (packer) tests were conducted at the North Penn Area 5 Superfund site in Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pa. Caliper, naturalgamma, single-point-resistance, fluid-temperature, fluid-resistivity, heatpulse-flowmeter, and digital acoustic-televiewer logs and borehole television surveys were collected in 32 new and previously drilled wells that ranged in depth from 68 to 302 feet. Vertical borehole-fluid movement direction and rate were measured with a high-resolution heatpulse flowmeter under nonpumping conditions. The suite of logs was used to locate water-bearing fractures, determine zones of vertical borehole-fluid movement, select depths to set packers, and locate appropriate screen intervals for reconstructing new wells as monitoring wells. Aquifer-isolation tests were conducted in four wells to sample discrete intervals and to determine specific capacities of discrete water-bearing zones. Specific capacities of isolated zones during packer testing ranged from 0.12 to 15.30 gallons per minute per foot. Most fractures identified by borehole geophysical methods as water-producing or water-receiving zones produced water when isolated and pumped. The acoustic-televiewer logs define two basic fracture sets, bedding-plane partings with a mean strike of N. 62° E. and a mean dip of 27° NW., and high-angle fractures with a mean strike of N. 58° E. and a mean dip of 72° SE. Correlation of heatpulse-flowmeter data and acoustic-televiewer logs showed 83 percent of identified water-bearing fractures were high-angle fractures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Bird, P.H., and Conger, R.W., 2002, Evaluation of borehole geophysical logging, aquifer-isolation tests, distribution of contaminants, and water-level measurements at the North Penn Area 5 Superfund Site, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4261, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014261.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4261/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":400779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51438.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County, Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"North Penn Area 5 Superfund site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.28690338134766,\n 40.23577075960226\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.23577075960226\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.28528767922094\n ],\n [\n -75.28690338134766,\n 40.28528767922094\n ],\n [\n -75.28690338134766,\n 40.23577075960226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Program pick_sw is used to interactively pick travel times from S-wave data. It is assumed that the data are collected using 2 shots of opposite polarity at each shot location. The traces must be in either the SEG-2 format or the SU format. The program is written in the IDL and C programming languages, and the program is executed under the Windows operating system. (The program may also execute under other operating systems like UNIX if the C language functions are re-compiled).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr02176","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2002, Pick_sw: a program for interactive picking of S-wave data, version 2.00: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-176, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02176.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68590b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":208472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32378,"text":"ofr02166 - 2002 - GPR data processing computer software for the PC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T14:38:02","indexId":"ofr02166","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-166","title":"GPR data processing computer software for the PC","docAbstract":"The computer software described in this report is designed for processing ground penetrating radar (GPR) data on Intel-compatible personal computers running the MS-DOS operating system or MS Windows 3.x/95/98/ME/2000. The earliest versions of these programs were written starting in 1990. At that time, commercially available GPR software did not meet the processing and display requirements of the USGS. Over the years, the programs were refined and new features and programs were added. The collection of computer programs presented here can perform all basic processing of GPR data, including velocity analysis and generation of CMP stacked sections and data volumes, as well as create publication quality data images.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02166","usgsCitation":"Lucius, J.E., and Powers, M.H., 2002, GPR data processing computer software for the PC: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-166, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02166.","productDescription":"101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32381,"text":"ofr02199 - 2002 - AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:27:37","indexId":"ofr02199","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-199","title":"AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah","docAbstract":"This report contains information regarding the reflectance calibration of spectroscopic imagery acquired over the Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah, by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor on August 5, 1998. This information was used by the USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory to calibrate the Park City AVIRIS imagery to unitless reflectance prior to spectral analysis. The Utah AVIRIS data were analyzed as a part of the USEPA-USGS Utah Abandoned Mine Lands Imaging Spectroscopy Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02199","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., Clark, R.N., Livo, K., McDougal, R., and Kokaly, R., 2002, AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-199, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02199.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3366,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a479f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":32336,"text":"fs03602 - 2002 - Occurrence of bacteria in Blue Marsh Lake and selected tributaries, Berks County, Pennsylvania: September-October 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T20:38:19.568005","indexId":"fs03602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"036-02","title":"Occurrence of bacteria in Blue Marsh Lake and selected tributaries, Berks County, Pennsylvania: September-October 2001","docAbstract":"The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has water-quality standards that limit the number of specific bacteria in water that is considered safe for recreational use. Bacteria such as fecal streptococci, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used to assess recreational water quality because they usually live in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Fecal indicator bacteria commonly are associated with waterborne disease-causing organisms (pathogens). These indicator bacteria are used routinely as a measure of the quality of water for recreational activities such as swimming, boating, and water skiing. If the indicator bacteria are present, effective measures could be taken to prevent the transmission or epidemic outbreak of waterborne diseases as a result of contamination of these waters from human or animal waste.
Blue Marsh Lake is on Tulpehocken Creek in Berks County, Pa., and drains a largely agricultural basin. Land use in the basin is approximately 60 percent cropland, and 85 percent of the farms are livestock and poultry farms.
The potential sources of fecal bacteria are:
To meet the recreational water-quality standard, lake water may not have more than 200 colony-forming units (CFU) of fecal coliforms per 100 milliliters (mL). During the week of July 23, 2001, data collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) at the swimming area at Blue Marsh Lake showed concentrations of fecal coliforms in the water exceeding the standard. To determine the extent of elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria, further study of the lake and selected tributaries was needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03602","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Berks County Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.L., 2002, Occurrence of bacteria in Blue Marsh Lake and selected tributaries, Berks County, Pennsylvania: September-October 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 036-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03602.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410114,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51829.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":60349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0036/fs20020036.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2002-0036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Berks County","otherGeospatial":"Blue Marsh Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1239242553711,\n 40.35360859593346\n ],\n [\n -75.99517822265625,\n 40.35360859593346\n ],\n [\n -75.99517822265625,\n 40.43153030189336\n ],\n [\n -76.1239242553711,\n 40.43153030189336\n ],\n [\n -76.1239242553711,\n 40.35360859593346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The St. Clair-Detroit River waterway connects Lake Huron with Lake Erie in the Great Lakes basin to form part of the international boundary between the United States and Canada. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is developed to compute flow velocities and water levels as part of a source water assessment of public water intakes. The model, which uses the generalized finite-element code RMA2, discretizes the waterway into a mesh formed by 13,783 quadratic elements defined by 42,936 nodes. Seven steady-state scenarios are used to calibrate the model by adjusting parameters associated with channel roughness in 25 material zones. An inverse modeling code is used to systematically adjust model parameters and to determine their associated uncertainty by use of nonlinear regression. Calibration results show close agreement between simulated and expected flows in major channels and water levels at gaging stations. Sensitivity analyses describe the amount of information available to estimate individual model parameters, and quantify the utility of flow measurements at selected cross sections and water-level measurements at gaging stations. Further data collection, model calibration analysis, and grid refinements are planned to assess and enhance two-dimensional flow simulation capabilities describing the horizontal flow distributions in St. Clair and Detroit Rivers and circulation patterns in Lake St. Clair.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri014236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Source Water Assessment Program and Detroit Water and Sewerage Department","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., and Koschik, J.A., 2002, A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4236, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014236.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014236.JPG"},{"id":3235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014236","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426216,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51465.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair-Detroit River waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0879501608355,\n 43.0374169002277\n ],\n [\n -82.51163080551677,\n 43.022110010517125\n ],\n [\n -82.93531145019806,\n 42.76397209959876\n ],\n [\n -83.24344282814843,\n 42.36778660134971\n ],\n [\n -83.25529403499223,\n 41.98035457172526\n ],\n [\n -82.78124576122286,\n 42.33174324158898\n ],\n [\n -82.0879501608355,\n 43.0374169002277\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, John A.","contributorId":24020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33060,"text":"wri014185 - 2002 - Water quality of the Flint River basin, Alabama and Tennessee, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"wri014185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4185","title":"Water quality of the Flint River basin, Alabama and Tennessee, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitored eight stream sites in the Flint River Basin during the period January 1999 through May 2000, to characterize patterns in the occurrence of pesticides, fecal-indicator bacteria, and nutrients in relation to season and streamflow conditions and to land-use patterns. This study is part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which was designed to assess water quality as it relates to various land uses. Every water sample collected from the Flint River Basin had detectable levels of at least two pesticides; 64 percent of the samples contained mixtures of at least five pesticides. In general, pesticides detected most frequently and at highest concentrations in streams corresponded to the pesticides with the highest rates of use in the watersheds. Detections of fluometuron, norflurazon, and atrazine were more frequent (by a margin of 15 percent or more) in samples from the Flint River when compared with the frequencies of pesticide detections at 62 agricultural stream sites across the Nation. Detections of fluometuron in the Flint River were more frequent even when compared with a cotton-cultivation subset of the 62 sites. For most pesticides, maximum concentrations did not exceed criteria to protect aquatic life; however, maximum concentrations of atrazine, cyanazine, and malathion exceeded aquaticlife criteria in at least one sample. Concentrations near or exceeding the aquatic-life criteria occurred only during the spring and summer (April-July), and generally occurred during storm flows. Less than 5 percent of the estimated mass of pesticides applied annually to agricultural areas in the Flint River Basin was transported to the stream at the monitoring points on the Flint River near Brownsboro, Alabama, and on Hester Creek near Plevna, Alabama. The pesticides with the highest ratios (greater than 3 percent) of the amount transported instream to the amount applied?atrazine, metolachlor, fluometuron, and norflurazon?are preemergent herbicides applied to the soil before the crops have emerged, which increases the probability of transport in surface runoff. Concentrations of the fecal-bacteria indicator Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the Flint River and Hester Creek exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criterion for recreation in almost all storm samples, and in many samples collected up to 6 days following a storm. Concentrations in the Flint River were strongly correlated with sample turbidity, suggesting that turbidity might be useful as a surrogate for estimating E. coli concentrations. Concentrations of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus in samples from the Flint River generally exceeded thresholds indicating eutrophic potential, whereas concentrations in samples from Hester Creek were generally below the thresholds. When compared with nutrient data from a set of 24 agricultural basins across the southeastern region of the United States, concentrations in the Flint River and Hester Creek were slightly above the regional median. Base-flow concentrations of certain pesticides, nutrients, and E. coli were compared to land-use information for eight sites in the Flint River Basin. The highest base-flow concentrations of aldicarb sulfoxide, fluometuron, and phosphorus were found in the tributaries with the greatest density of cotton acreage in the watershed. Similarly, high base-flow concentrations of total nitrogen were correlated with a high percentage of cultivated land in the watershed. Lack of information about distribution of stream access by livestock weakened the analysis of correlation between livestock and base-flow concentrations of E. coli and nutrients. Input of dissolved and suspended chemicals from the Flint River during storms influences water quality in the reach of the Tennessee River from which the City of Huntsville, Alabama, withdraws about 40 percent of its drinking water. During the storm of April 2-5, 2000, concentrations of several pesticides were ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014185","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., Garrett, J.W., and Knight, R., 2002, Water quality of the Flint River basin, Alabama and Tennessee, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4185, 37 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014185.","productDescription":"37 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2001_4185.jpg"},{"id":3234,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wrir014185","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f14ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, Jerry W. 0000-0003-1772-2459 jwgarret@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-2459","contributorId":58627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jerry","email":"jwgarret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33059,"text":"wri20014178 - 2002 - Variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in field replicate water samples collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:34:06","indexId":"wri20014178","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4178","title":"Variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in field replicate water samples collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-97","docAbstract":"Field replicate water samples (“field replicates”) collected for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program during 1992 to 1997 were used to assess the variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in environmental water samples collected from the surface-and ground-water-quality networks of the NAWQA Program. Field replicates are two or more identically collected, processed, and analyzed environmental water samples that are used to assess the overall variability of field and laboratory procedures. Variability is the degree of random error in independent measurements of the same quantity and is the opposite of precision—the degree of mutual agreement. Information on variability can be used to estimate the reproducibility of individual measurements, the concentration needed to be assured of exceeding a water-quality standard, and the likelihood that two measurements of water quality are different.
\nVariability of pesticide detections was assessed by calculating the mean percentage detection of a pesticide and the percentage of inconsistent replicate sets. Variability of pesticide concentrations was assessed by pooling estimates of the standard deviation and relative standard deviation in replicate sets. Variability of pesticide detections and concentrations was a function of concentration, and estimates of variability were developed for discrete ranges of concentration. Reliability of estimates of variability was assessed by calculating 90-percent upper confidence bounds for the percentage of inconsistent replicate sets and for the pooled estimates.
\nThe variability of detection for most pesticides is high at concentrations less than the minimum reporting level, but the variability of detection decreases dramatically at higher concentrations. In view of the highly diverse sources of water submitted as field replicates for the NAWQA Program and the generally low concentrations (concentrations in 79 percent of replicate sets were less than 0.1 microgram per liter) of pesticides in most replicates, inconsistent detections in replicate sets likely were caused by variability in the analytical method and by water-matrix interferences (or other loss processes) that result in false-negative errors. Consequently, estimates of the frequency of detection of pesticides in environmental water samples collected for the NAWQA Program probably are biased low because of false-negative errors at concentrations near the minimum reporting level.
\nCorrelation analysis indicates that for most pesticides and concentrations, pooled estimates of relative standard deviation rather than pooled estimates of standard deviation should be used to estimate variability because pooled estimates of relative standard deviation are less affected by heteroscedasticity. The 2 Variability of Pesticide Detections and Concentrations in Field Replicate Water Samples, 1992–97 median pooled relative standard deviation was calculated for all pesticides to summarize the typical variability for pesticide data collected for the NAWQA Program. The median pooled relative standard deviation was 15 percent at concentrations less than 0.01 micrograms per liter (µg/L), 13 percent at concentrations near 0.01 µg/L, 12 percent at concentrations near 0.1 µg/L, 7.9 percent at concentrations near 1 µg/L, and 2.7 percent at concentrations greater than 5 µg/L. Pooled estimates of standard deviation or relative standard deviation presented in this report are larger than estimates based on averages, medians, smooths, or regression of the individual measurements of standard deviation or relative standard deviation from field replicates. Pooled estimates, however, are the preferred method for characterizing variability because they provide unbiased estimates of the variability of the population. Assessments of variability based on standard deviation (rather than variance) underestimate the true variability of the population. Because pooled estimates of variability are larger than estimates based on other approaches, users of estimates of variability must be cognizant of the approach used to obtain the estimate and must use caution in the comparison of estimates based on different approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri20014178","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., 2002, Variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in field replicate water samples collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4178, vi, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014178.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2001_4178.jpg"},{"id":12879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33062,"text":"wri014244 - 2002 - Spatial patterns and temporal variability in water quality from City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells and piezometer nests, with implications for the ground-water flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T21:57:49.343397","indexId":"wri014244","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4244","title":"Spatial patterns and temporal variability in water quality from City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells and piezometer nests, with implications for the ground-water flow system","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for 93 City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 7 deep piezometer nests, and selected additional wells were examined to improve understanding of the regional ground-water system and its response to pumpage. Plots of median values of several major parameters showed discernible water-quality differences both areally and with depth in the aquifer. Areal differences were sufficiently large to enable delineation of five regions of generally distinct water quality, which are consistent with areas of separate recharge defined by previous investigators. Data for deep piezometer nests indicate that water quality generally degrades somewhat with depth, except in areas where local recharge influenced by evapotranspiration or contamination could be affecting shallow water. The orientations of the five water-quality regions indicate that the direction of ground-water flow has historically been primarily north to south. This is generally consistent with maps of predevelopment hydraulic heads, although some areas lack consistency, possibly because of differences in time scales or depths represented by water quality as opposed to hydraulic head. The primary sources of recharge to ground water in the study area appear to be mountain-front recharge along the Sandia Mountains to the east and the Jemez Mountains to the north, seepage from the Rio Grande, and infiltration through Tijeras Arroyo. Elevated concentrations of many chemical constituents in part of the study area appear to be associated with a source of water having large dissolved solids, possibly moving upward from depth. Hydraulic-head data for deep piezometer nests indicate that vertical head gradients differ in direction and magnitude across the study area. Hydraulic-head gradients are downward in the central and western parts of the study area and upward across much of the eastern part, except at the mountain front. Water-quality data for the piezometers indicate that the ground water is not well mixed, even in areas of large vertical gradients. Water levels in most piezometers respond to short-term variations in ground-water withdrawals and to the cumulative effect of long-term withdrawals throughout the area. In most piezometers screened below the water table, water levels respond clearly to seasonal variations in ground-water withdrawals. Water levels decline from about April through July and rise from about September through January. Water levels seem to be declining in most piezometers at a rate less than 1 foot per year. Water-quality data for unfiltered samples collected over a 10-year period from 93 City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells were examined for variability and temporal trends in 10 selected parameters. Variability generally was found to be greatest in the Western and Northeast water-quality regions of the study area. For the 10 parameters investigated, temporal trends were found in 5 to 57 wells. Dissolved-solids, sodium, sulfate, chloride, and silica concentrations showed more increasing than decreasing trends; calcium, bicarbonate, and arsenic concentrations, field pH, and water temperature showed more decreasing than increasing trends. The median magnitudes of most of these trends over a 1-year period were not particularly large (generally less than 1.0 milligram per liter), although the magnitudes for a few individual wells were significant. For the 10 parameters investigated, correlations with monthly pumpage volumes were found in 10 to 32 wells. Calcium and sulfate concentrations, field pH, and water temperature showed more positive than negative correlations with monthly pumpage; dissolved-solids, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, silica, and arsenic concentrations showed more negative than positive correlations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014244","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2002, Spatial patterns and temporal variability in water quality from City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells and piezometer nests, with implications for the ground-water flow system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4244, vi, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014244.","productDescription":"vi, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95938,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4244/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51519.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.82830810546875,\n 34.98725337980076\n ],\n [\n -106.46232604980467,\n 34.98725337980076\n ],\n [\n -106.46232604980467,\n 35.20691648822763\n ],\n [\n -106.82830810546875,\n 35.20691648822763\n ],\n [\n -106.82830810546875,\n 34.98725337980076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32366,"text":"ofr0292 - 2002 - Technical guidelines for the implementation of the Advanced National Seismic System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T13:45:17","indexId":"ofr0292","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-92","title":"Technical guidelines for the implementation of the Advanced National Seismic System","docAbstract":"The Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) is a major national initiative led by the US Geological Survey that serves the needs of the earthquake monitoring, engineering, and research communities as well as national, state, and local governments, emergency response organizations, and the general public. Legislation authorizing the ANSS was passed in 2000, and low levels of funding for planning and initial purchases of new seismic instrumentation have been appropriated beginning in FY2000. When fully operational, the ANSS will be an advanced monitoring system (modern digital seismographs and accelerographs, communications networks, data collection and processing centers, and well-trained personnel) distributed across the United States that operates with high performance standards, gathers critical technical data, and effectively provides timely and reliable earthquake products, information, and services to meet the Nation’s needs. The ANSS will automatically broadcast timely and authoritative products describing the occurrence of earthquakes, earthquake source properties, the distribution of ground shaking, and, where feasible, broadcast early warnings and alerts for the onset of strong ground shaking. Most importantly, the ANSS will provide earthquake data, derived products, and information to the public, emergency responders, officials, engineers, educators, researchers, and other ANSS partners rapidly and in forms that are useful for their needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0292","usgsCitation":"Committee, A.T., 2002, Technical guidelines for the implementation of the Advanced National Seismic System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-92, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0292.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee, ANSS Technical Integration","contributorId":24826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Committee","given":"ANSS","email":"","middleInitial":"Technical Integration","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32367,"text":"ofr02101 - 2002 - Helicopter electromagnetic data from Everglades National Park and surrounding areas, Florida: Collected 9-14 December 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:36:17.301756","indexId":"ofr02101","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-101","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic data from Everglades National Park and surrounding areas, Florida: Collected 9-14 December 1994","docAbstract":"This report describes helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data that were collected over portion of Everglades National Park and surrounding areas in south Florida. The survey was flown 9-14 December 1994. The original data set processed by the contractor, Dighem, are provided as an ASCII, xyz flight-line file. Apparent resistivity grids of the generated from the original data set and JPEG images of these grids are also provided. The data have been corrected by the U.S. Geological Survey to remove the effects of calibration errors and bird-height uncertainty. The corrected data set is included in this report as flight-line data only.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02101","usgsCitation":"Helicopter electromagnetic data from Everglades National Park and surrounding areas, Florida: Collected 9-14 December 1994; 2002; OFR; 2002-101; Fitterman, David V.; Deszcz-Pan, Maria","productDescription":"HTML Document: 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-101/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-101/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park and surrounding areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.09479583359331,\n 26.643885296477606\n ],\n [\n -82.09479583359331,\n 24.327972112803963\n ],\n [\n -80.11513304200784,\n 24.327972112803963\n ],\n [\n -80.11513304200784,\n 26.643885296477606\n ],\n [\n -82.09479583359331,\n 26.643885296477606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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Davie, FL 33314
A borehole-geophysical investigation was conducted to help characterize the hydrogeology of the fractured-rock aquifer and the distribution of unconsolidated glacial deposits near the former landfill and chemical waste-disposal pits at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut. Eight bedrock boreholes near the landfill and three abandoned domestic wells located nearby were logged using conventional and advanced borehole-geophysical methods from June to October 1999. The conventional geophysical-logging methods included caliper, gamma, fluid temperature, fluid resistivity, and electromagnetic induction. The advanced methods included deviation, optical and acoustic imaging of the borehole wall, heat-pulse flowmeter, and directional radar reflection. Twenty-one shallow piezometers (less than 50-feet deep) were logged with gamma and electromagnetic induction tools to delineate unconsolidated glacial deposits. Five additional shallow bedrock wells were logged with conventional video camera, caliper, electromagnetic induction, and fluid resistivity and temperature tools.
The rock type, foliation, and fracturing of the site were characterized from high-resolution optical-televiewer (OTV) images of rocks penetrated by the boreholes. The rocks are interpreted as fine- to medium-grained quartz-feldsparbiotite-garnet gneiss and schist with local intrusions of quartz diorite and pegmatite and minor concentrations of sulfide mineralization similar to rocks described as the Bigelow Brook Formation on regional geologic maps. Layers containing high concentrations of sulfide minerals appear as high electrical conductivity zones on electromagneticinduction and borehole-radar logs. Foliation in the rocks generally strikes to the northeast-southwest and dips to the west, consistent with local outcrop observations. The orientation of foliation and small-scale gneissic layering in the rocks, however, varies locally and with depth in some of the boreholes. In two of the boreholes, the foliation strikes predominantly to the northwest and dips to the northeast. Although small-scale faults and lithologic discontinuities were observed in the OTV data, no large-scale faults were observed that appear on regional geologic maps.
Fractures were located and characterized through the use of conventional geophysical, OTV, acoustic-televiewer (ATV), and borehole-radar logs. The orientation of fractures varies considerably across the site; some fractures are parallel to the foliation, whereas others cross-cut the foliation. Many of the transmissive fractures in the bedrock boreholes strike about N170°E and N320°E with dips of less than 45°. Other transmissive fractures strike about N60°E with dips of more than 60°. Most of the transmissive fractures in the domestic wells strike about N60°E and N22°E with dips of more than 45°. The strike of N60°E is parallel to the trend of a thrust fault that appears on regional geologic maps. Vertical flow in the boreholes was measured with the heat-pulse flowmeter under ambient and (or) pumping conditions. Results of ATV, OTV, and conventional logs were used to locate specific zones for flowmeter testing. Ambient downflow was measured in three boreholes, ambient upflow was measured in two other boreholes, and both ambient downflow and upflow were measured in a sixth borehole. The other five bedrock boreholes and domestic wells did not have measurable vertical flow. The highest rate of ambient flow was measured in the background borehole in which upflow and downflow converged and exited the borehole at a fracture zone near a depth of 62 feet. Ambient flow of about 340 gallons per day was measured. In the other five wells, ambient flow of about 20 to 35 gallons per day was measured. Under low-rate pumping (0.25 to 1 gallon per minute), one to six inflow zones were identified in each well. Usually the fractures that are active under ambient conditions contribute to the well under pumping conditions. To prevent ambient vertical flow and the potential for cross-contamination, temporary borehole liners were installed in five of the boreholes.
Specific-capacity and open-hole transmissivity values were determined in eight boreholes completed in bedrock. The specific capacity estimated for these boreholes ranges from 0.14 to 1.6 gallons per minute per foot. The values for open-hole transmissivity range over two orders of magnitude and when proportioned to individual fracture transmissivity, range from 23 to 340 feet squared per day.
Two boreholes had been drilled to intersect electrically conductive zones identified by previous surface-geophysical investigations. The borehole-geophysical results indicate that the boreholes penetrate electrically conductive structures consistent with the anomalies interpreted from the surface-geophysical data. Borehole MW121R was located to intersect a dipping electrically conductive anomaly at about 60 feet, interpreted from the two-dimensional direct currentresistivity survey conducted on the western side of the landfill. The electromagnetic-conductivity log in the borehole contains a high electrical conductivity anomaly at a depth of 69 feet. The magnitude of this anomaly is nearly 10,000 millisiemens per meter and is coincident with a layer containing sulfide mineralization, rather than fractures.
The other borehole, MW105R, was located to intersect another anomaly south of the landfill. This anomaly was interpreted as a north-south striking, westward dipping feature. In the borehole, two south-striking, westward dipping fractures were identified in the ATV, OTV, and radar logs. The specific conductance of the fluid measured near these fractures was as high as 1,250 microsiemens per centimeter. Water-quality samples collected in October 1999 from an isolated zone from 71.5 to 76.5 feet indicated high specific conductance (810 microsiemens per centimeter), high concentrations of iron and cadmium, negative oxidation-reduction potential, and chlorobenzene. Collectively, these parameters indicate that the high specific conductance in the borehole logs for MW105R was caused by landfill leachate. Therefore, the anomaly identified by boreholeand surface-geophysical surveys is interpreted as a conductive lithologic feature and a permeable fracture zone that contains landfill leachate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014033","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., Haeni, F., Lane, J.W., and White, E.A., 2002, Borehole-geophysical investigation of the University of Connecticut landfill, Storrs, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4033, vi, 187 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014033.","productDescription":"vi, 187 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/wri014033/wri014033.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Storrs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.27823734283447,\n 41.81108364200336\n ],\n [\n -72.26072788238525,\n 41.81108364200336\n ],\n [\n -72.26072788238525,\n 41.821702387650106\n ],\n [\n -72.27823734283447,\n 41.821702387650106\n ],\n [\n -72.27823734283447,\n 41.81108364200336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32365,"text":"ofr0268 - 2002 - Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T15:27:19","indexId":"ofr0268","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-68","title":"Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000","docAbstract":"Data for all 366 known streamflow gain-loss studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas were aggregated. A water-budget equation that includes discharges for main channels, tributaries, return flows, and withdrawals was used to document the channel gain or loss for each of 2,872 subreaches for the studies. The channel gain or loss represents discharge from or recharge to aquifers crossed by the streams. Where applicable, the major or minor aquifer outcrop traversed by each subreach was identified, as was the length and location for each subreach. These data will be used to estimate recharge or discharge for major and minor aquifers in Texas, as needed by the Ground-Water Availability Modeling Program being conducted by the Texas Water Development Board. The data also can be used, along with current flow rates for streamflow-gaging stations, to estimate streamflow at sites remote from gaging stations, including sites where streamflow availability is needed for permitted withdrawals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0268","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Bentley, J.T., and Michaud, D., 2002, Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-68, HTML Document; Report: iii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0268.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 131 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60563c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bentley, J. Taylor","contributorId":85239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaud, Dana","contributorId":92314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaud","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32376,"text":"ofr02161 - 2002 - Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"ofr02161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-161","title":"Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals","docAbstract":"Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, and entropy values have been compiled from the literature for the hydrated ferrous sulfate minerals melanterite, rozenite, and szomolnokite, and a variety of other hydrated sulfate compounds. On the basis of this compilation, it appears that there is no evidence for an excess enthalpy of mixing for sulfate-H2O systems, except for the first H2O molecule of crystallization. The enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of each H2O molecule of crystallization, except the first, in the iron(II) sulfate - H2O system is -295.15 and -238.0 kJ?mol-1, respectively. The absence of an excess enthalpy of mixing is used as the basis for estimating thermodynamic values for a variety of ferrous, ferric, and mixed-valence sulfate salts of relevance to acid-mine drainage systems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02161","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Seal, R., and Chou, I., 2002, Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-161, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02161.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3361,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-161/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, Bruch S.","contributorId":19542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruch","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33040,"text":"wri014277 - 2002 - Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"wri014277","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4277","title":"Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch","docAbstract":"The devastation in Honduras due to flooding from Hurricane Mitch in 1998 prompted the U.S. Agency for International Development, through the U.S. Geological Survey, to develop a country-wide systematic approach of flood-hazard mapping and a demonstration of the method at selected sites as part of a reconstruction effort. The design discharge chosen for flood-hazard mapping was the flood with an average return interval of 50 years, and this selection was based on discussions with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Honduran Public Works and Transportation Ministry. A regression equation for estimating the 50-year flood discharge using drainage area and annual precipitation as the explanatory variables was developed, based on data from 34 long-term gaging sites. This equation, which has a standard error of prediction of 71.3 percent, was used in a geographic information system to estimate the 50-year flood discharge at any location for any river in the country. The flood-hazard mapping method was demonstrated at 15 selected municipalities. High-resolution digital-elevation models of the floodplain were obtained using an airborne laser-terrain mapping system. Field verification of the digital elevation models showed that the digital-elevation models had mean absolute errors ranging from -0.57 to 0.14 meter in the vertical dimension. From these models, water-surface elevation cross sections were obtained and used in a numerical, one-dimensional, steady-flow stepbackwater model to estimate water-surface profiles corresponding to the 50-year flood discharge. From these water-surface profiles, maps of area and depth of inundation were created at the 13 of the 15 selected municipalities. At La Lima only, the area and depth of inundation of the channel capacity in the city was mapped. At Santa Rose de Aguan, no numerical model was created. The 50-year flood and the maps of area and depth of inundation are based on the estimated 50-year storm tide. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014277","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2002, Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4277, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014277.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014277","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, M. C.","contributorId":90782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33044,"text":"wri024056 - 2002 - Analysis of nitrate (NO3-N) concentration trends in 25 ground-water-quality management areas, Idaho, 1961-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T13:45:51","indexId":"wri024056","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4056","title":"Analysis of nitrate (NO3-N) concentration trends in 25 ground-water-quality management areas, Idaho, 1961-2001","docAbstract":"In Idaho, drinking-water supplies are pumped\nfrom relatively shallow ground-water zones where\nwater quality has great potential for degradation\nby land- and water-use activities. One indicator of\nwater quality, and one of the most widespread contaminants\nin Idaho ground water related to land\nand water uses, is dissolved nitrate.\nIn December 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey,\nin cooperation with the Idaho Department of\nEnvironmental Quality, began a study to compile\nand assess nitrate data for ground water in 25\nground-water-quality management areas in Idaho.\nThe primary objective of the study was to determine\nwhether statistically significant trends in\nground-water concentrations were discernible. Data\nincluded ground-water analyses but not analyses\nof water from springs, drains, or thermal water\nsources. A total of 8,465 nitrate analyses were\ncompiled from 2,931 wells in the 25 priority areas;\nanalyses dates ranged from June 1961 to February\n2001.\nA time-period comparison was used to assess\ngeneral trends in nitrate concentrations within\nindividual priority areas. A time-series comparison\nwas used to assess trends in nitrate concentrations\nfrom selected wells in each priority area.\nIn time-period assessments, general trends in\nan area were evaluated by compiling nitrate data\nfor selected time intervals to determine whether\nthe population distributions were significantly different\nbetween one period and another. Data within\neach priority area were sorted into decades—\n1970s, 1980s, and 1990s—for long-term trend\nassessment. The 1990s data also were divided into\nsets of selected years corresponding to Statewide\nAmbient Ground-Water Quality Program sampling\ncycles—1991 through 1994, 1995 through 1998,\nand a partial cycle, 1999 through 2000—for shortterm\ntrend assessment. Data were analyzed by\nsummary statistics, boxplots, and the Mann-\nWhitney statistical test.\nLong-term increasing trends in nitrate concentrations\nwere evident for 6 of 25 priority areas, and\nlong-term decreasing trends were evident for 4 of\n25 areas. Short-term increasing trends were evident\nfor 7 of 25 areas, and a short-term decreasing trend\nwas evident for only 1 area. No long-term nitrate\ntrends were evident for 7 of 25 areas, and no shortterm\ntrends were evident for 15 of 25 areas. Data\nwere insufficient for long-term trend assessment in\n8 areas and for short-term assessment in 2 areas.\nTime-series trend analyses were conducted on\ndata from wells with 7 or more nitrate analyses\nand longest periods of record, at least 10 years\nbetween oldest and most recent analyses. Because\nlong-term records were available for so few wells\nand well construction data were not available for\nseveral of these wells, time-series analyses were\nnot helpful to the nitrate trend assessment study.\nTrend results may be strongly affected by well\nconstruction, hydrogeologic environments, and\nchanges in density and areal distribution of wells\nand analyses. The utility of nitrate trend assessments\nin priority areas would be improved by more\nconsistent and specific well location descriptions\nbetween agencies; well construction and major\nwater-yielding zone information to accompany the\nwater-quality data for each well; and addition of\nhistorical nitrate data to data bases, particularly\nanalyses prior to about 1990. Investigations of the\npossible effects of changing priority area boundaries\nand time periods on both long-term and short-term trend assessments are needed. Addition of\nthese kinds of information would allow assessment\nof trends associated with hydrology and\ngeology of each area and would provide a much\nstronger basis for trend assessment than currently\npossible.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., 2002, Analysis of nitrate (NO3-N) concentration trends in 25 ground-water-quality management areas, Idaho, 1961-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4056, iii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024056.","productDescription":"iii, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"65","temporalStart":"1961-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262354,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4056/report.pdf"},{"id":262355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4056/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32372,"text":"ofr2002136 - 2002 - Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32372,"text":"ofr2002136 - 2002 - Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"ofr2002136","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97766,"text":"sim3001 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"sim3001","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97766,"text":"sim3001 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"sim3001","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"ofr2002136","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-136","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a new geologic digital map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area at a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map = 2,000 feet on the ground) and with a horizontal positional accuracy of at least 20 m. This preliminary map depicts the distribution of bedrock units and surficial deposits and associated deformation underlying and adjacent to the coastal plain within the contiguous Santa Barbara and Goleta 7.5' quadrangles. A planned second version will extend the mapping westward into the adjoining Dos Pueblos Canyon quadrangle and eastward into the Carpinteria quadrangle. The mapping presented here results from the collaborative efforts of geologists with the U.S. Geological Survey Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP) (Minor, Kellogg, Stanley, Stone, and Powell) and the tectonic geomorphology research group at the University of California at Santa Barbara (Gurrola and Selting). C.L. Powell, II, performed all new fossil identifications and interpretations reported herein. T.R. Brandt designed and edited the GIS database,performed GIS database integration and created the digital cartography for the map layout. \r\n\r\n The Santa Barbara coastal plain is located in the western Transverse Ranges physiographic province along a west-trending segment of the southern California coastline about 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Los Angeles. The coastal plain region, which extends from the Santa Ynez Mountains on the north to the Santa Barbara Channel on the south, is underlain by numerous active and potentially active folds and partly buried thrust faults of the Santa Barbara fold and fault belt. Strong earthquakes that occurred in the region in 1925 (6.8 magnitude) and 1978 (5.1 magnitude) are evidence that such structures pose a significant earthquake hazard to the approximately 200,000 people living within the major coastal population centers of Santa Barbara and Goleta. Also, young landslide deposits along the steep lower flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains indicate the potential for continued slope failures and mass movements that may threaten urbanized parts of the coastal plain. Deformed sedimentary rocks in the subsurface of the coastal plain and the adjacent Santa Barbara Channel contain deposits of oil and gas, some of which are currently being extracted. Shallow, localized sedimentary aquifers underlying the coastal plain provide limited amounts of water for the urban areas, but the quality of some of this groundwater is compromised by coastal salt-water contamination. The present map compilation provides a set of uniform geologic digital coverages that can be used for analysis and prediction of these and other geologic hazards and resources in the coastal plain region.\r\n In the map area the oldest stratigraphic units consist of resistant Eocene to Oligocene marine and terrestrial sedimentary rocks that form a mostly southward-dipping and laterally continuous sequence along the south flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains. Less resistant, but more variably deformed, Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene marine sedimentary rocks and deposits are exposed in the lower Santa Ynez foothills and in the coastal hills and sea cliffs farther south. Pleistocene and Holocene surficial alluvial, colluvial, estuarine, and marine-terrace deposits directly underlie much of the low-lying coastal plain area, and similar-aged alluvial and landslide deposits locally mantle the lower flanks of the Santa Ynez Mountains.\r\n Structurally, the Santa Barbara coastal plain area is dominated by the Santa Barbara fold and fault belt, an east-west-trending zone of Quaternary, partly active folds and blind and exposed reverse and thrust faults. The dominant trend of individual structures within the belt is west-northwest -- slightly oblique to the overall trend of the fold and fault belt. A conspicuous exception, however, is the More Ranch fault system, which strikes east-northeast across the fold and f","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002136","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., Kellogg, K., Stanley, R.G., Stone, P., Powell, C.L., Gurrola, L.D., Selting, A.J., and Brandt, T.R., 2002, Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California (Superseded by SIM 3001): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-136, 21 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002136.","productDescription":"21 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet).","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110290,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51443.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51443"},{"id":163481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Superseded by SIM 3001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurrola, Larry D.","contributorId":95525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurrola","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Selting, Amy J.","contributorId":35782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selting","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":69374,"text":"i2645A - 2002 - Geologic Map of the Central Marysvale Volcanic Field, Southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:33","indexId":"i2645A","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2645","subseriesTitle":"GIS","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic Map of the Central Marysvale Volcanic Field, Southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the central Marysvale volcanic field, southwestern Utah, shows the geology at 1:100,000 scale of the heart of one of the largest Cenozoic volcanic fields in the Western United States. The map shows the area of 38 degrees 15' to 38 degrees 42'30' N., and 112 degrees to 112 degrees 37'30' W. The Marysvale field occurs mostly in the High Plateaus, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau and structurally a transition zone between the complexly deformed Great Basin to the west and the stable, little-deformed main part of the Colorado Plateau to the east. The western part of the field is in the Great Basin proper. The volcanic rocks and their source intrusions in the volcanic field range in age from about 31 Ma (Oligocene) to about 0.5 Ma (Pleistocene). These rocks overlie sedimentary rocks exposed in the mapped area that range in age from Ordovician to early Cenozoic. The area has been deformed by thrust faults and folds formed during the late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic Sevier deformational event, and later by mostly normal faults and folds of the Miocene to Quaternary basin-range episode. The map revises and updates knowledge gained during a long-term U.S. Geological Survey investigation of the volcanic field, done in part because of its extensive history of mining. The investigation also was done to provide framework geologic knowledge suitable for defining geologic and hydrologic hazards, for locating hydrologic and mineral resources, and for an understanding of geologic processes in the area. A previous geologic map (Cunningham and others, 1983, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1430-A) covered the same area as this map but was published at 1:50,000 scale and is obsolete due to new data. This new geologic map of the central Marysvale field, here published as U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2645-A, is accompanied by gravity and aeromagnetic maps of the same area and the same scale (Campbell and others, 1999, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2645-B).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2645A","isbn":"9780607973709","usgsCitation":"Rowley, P.D., Cunningham, C.G., Steven, T., Workman, J.B., Anderson, J.J., and Theissen, K.M., 2002, Geologic Map of the Central Marysvale Volcanic Field, Southwestern Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2645, Map: 59 x 37 inches; Text Files; GIS Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2645A.","productDescription":"Map: 59 x 37 inches; Text Files; GIS Files","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110291,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51457.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51457"},{"id":191278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2645-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.61749999999999,38.25 ], [ -112.61749999999999,38.700833333333335 ], [ -112,38.700833333333335 ], [ -112,38.25 ], [ -112.61749999999999,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a856e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steven, Thomas A.","contributorId":57529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, John J.","contributorId":74004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Theissen, Kevin M.","contributorId":12322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theissen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":32337,"text":"ds71 - 2002 - Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T06:30:07","indexId":"ds71","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-09T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71","title":"Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","docAbstract":"This product consists of Adobe Acrobat .PDF format documents for 10 surficial geologic strip maps along the Animas River watershed from its major headwater tributaries, south to Durango, Colorado. The Animas River originates in the San Juan Mountains north of the historic mining town of Silverton, Colorado. The surficial geologic maps identify surficial deposits, such as flood-plain and terrace gravels, alluvial fans, glacial till, talus, colluvium, landslides, and bogs. Sixteen primary units were mapped that included human-related deposits and structures, eight alluvial, four colluvial, one glacial, travertine deposits, and undifferentiated bedrock. Each of the surficial geologic strip maps has .PDF links to surficial geology photographs, which enable the user to take a virtual tour of these deposits. Geochemical data collected from mapped surficial deposits that pre- and postdate mining activity have aided in determining the geochemical baseline in the watershed. Several photographs with their corresponding geochemical baseline profiles are accessible through .PDF links from several of the maps. A single coverage for all surficial deposits mapped is included as an ArcInfo shape file as an Arc Export format .e00 file. A gradient map for major headwater tributary streams to the Animas River is also included. The gradient map has stream segments that are color-coded based on relative variations in slope and .PDF format links to each stream gradient profile. Stream gradients were derived from U.S. Geological Survey 10-m digital elevation model data. This project was accomplished in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds71","usgsCitation":"Blair, R.W., Yager, D.B., and Church, S.E., 2002, Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-71, 5 p., 12 pls.","productDescription":"Report: i, 3 p.; Metadata; ReadMe; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369930,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Read Me"},{"id":370014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/dds71.pdf","text":"Report","size":"732 kB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DDS-71"},{"id":369959,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverages/coverages.zip","text":"Coverages","size":"3.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DDS-71 Coverages"},{"id":369957,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/metadata/dds_71_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","size":"20 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Metadata"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046