{"pageNumber":"1081","pageRowStart":"27000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70027501,"text":"70027501 - 2004 - EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027501","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","docAbstract":"The study of mercury sorption products in model systems using appropriate in situ molecular-scale probes can provide detailed information on the modes of sorption at mineral/water interfaces. Such studies are essential for assessing the influence of sorption processes on the transport of Hg in contaminated natural systems. Macroscopic uptake of Hg(II) on goethite (??-FeOOH), ??-alumina (??-Al2O3), and bayerite (??-Al(OH)3) as a function of pH has been combined with Hg L III-edge EXAFS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and bond valence analysis of possible sorption products to provide this type of information. Macroscopic uptake measurements show that Hg(II) sorbs strongly to fine-grained powders of synthetic goethite (Hg sorption density ??=0.39-0.42 ??mol/m2) and bayerite (??=0.39-0.44 ??mol/m2), while sorbing more weakly to ??-alumina (??=0.04-0.13 ??mol/m 2). EXAFS spectroscopy on the sorption samples shows that the dominant mode of Hg sorption on these phases is as monodentate and bidentate inner-sphere complexes. The mode of Hg(II) sorption to goethite was similar over the pH range 4.3-7.4, as were those of Hg(II) sorption to bayerite over the pH range 5.1-7.9. Conversion of the ??-Al2O3 sorbent to a bayerite-like phase in addition to the apparent reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I), possibly by photoreduction during EXAFS data collection, resulted in enhanced Hg uptake from pH 5.2-7.8 and changes in the modes of sorption that correlate with the formation of the bayerite-like phase. Bond valence calculations are consistent with the sorption modes proposed from EXAFS analysis. EXAFS analysis of Hg(II) sorption products on a natural Fe oxyhydroxide precipitate and Al/Si-bearing flocculent material showed sorption products and modes of surface attachment similar to those for the model substrates, indicating that the model substrates are useful surrogates for the natural sediments. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2004, EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 271, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8"},{"id":238016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046be4b0c8380cd50992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027030,"text":"70027030 - 2004 - Challenging the assumption of habitat limitation: An example from centrarchid fishes over an intermediate spatial scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027030","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenging the assumption of habitat limitation: An example from centrarchid fishes over an intermediate spatial scale","docAbstract":"Habitat rehabilitation efforts are predicated on the frequently untested assumption that habitat is limiting to populations. These efforts are typically costly and will be ineffective if habitat is not limiting. Therefore it is important to assess, rather than assume, habitat limitation wherever habitat rehabilitation projects are considered. Catch-count data from a standardized probability-based stratified-random monitoring programme were examined for indirect evidence of backwater habitat limitation by centrarchid fishes in the Upper Mississippi River System. The monitoring design enabled fitting statistical models of the association between mean catch at the spatial scale of tens of river kilometres and the percentage of contiguous aquatic area in backwater at least 1 m deep by maximizing a stratum-area weighted negative binomial log-likelihood function. Statistical models containing effects for backwater limitation failed to account for substantial variation in the data. However, 95% confidence intervals on the backwater parameter estimates excluded zero, indicating that population abundance may be limited by backwater prevalence where backwaters are extremely scarce. The combined results indicate, at most, a weak signal of backwater limitation where backwaters are extremely scarce in the lower reaches, but not elsewhere in the Upper Mississippi River System. This suggests that habitat restoration projects designed to increase the area of backwaters suitable for winter survival of centrarchids are unlikely to produce measurable benefits over intermediate spatial scales in much of the Upper Mississippi River System, and indicates the importance of correct identification of limiting processes. Published in 2004 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.757","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., 2004, Challenging the assumption of habitat limitation: An example from centrarchid fishes over an intermediate spatial scale: River Research and Applications, v. 20, no. 4, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.757.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.757"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3fee4b0c8380cd4ba90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027032,"text":"70027032 - 2004 - Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:30:18","indexId":"70027032","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, including its most recent (1991–1992) flow. We combined information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multispectral Landsat-7 data to differentiate the 1991–1992 flow from the 1964 flow and a pre-1964 flow, and to calculate the flow areas (8.4, 9.2, and 7.3 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively). By differencing a digital elevation model (DEM) from the 1970–1980s with a DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000, we estimated the average thickness of the 1991–1992 flow to be 13 m, which reasonably agrees with field observations (5–10 m). Lava-flow maps produced in this way can be used to facilitate field mapping and flow-hazards assessment, and to study magma-supply dynamics and thus to anticipate future eruptive activity. Based on the recurrence interval of recent eruptions and the results of this study, the next eruption at Westdahl may occur before the end of this decade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Rykhus, R., Masterlark, T., and Dean, K., 2004, Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Westdahl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.43237304687497,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.43237304687497,\n              54.59593668117202\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.59593668117202\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5072e4b0c8380cd6b6c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027506,"text":"70027506 - 2004 - Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027506","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2597,"text":"Land Degradation and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert","docAbstract":"Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine-disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot-desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled-surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0??30 m; (2) use of micro-catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self-perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land-use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18-43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine-disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long-term monitoring of rehabilitation success. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land Degradation and Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ldr.601","issn":"10853278","usgsCitation":"Sharma, K., Kumar, P., Gough, L.P., and SanFilipo, J., 2004, Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert: Land Degradation and Development, v. 15, no. 2, p. 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.601.","startPage":"163","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.601"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5fee4b0e8fec6cdc059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, K.D.","contributorId":53545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, P.","contributorId":45476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"SanFilipo, J.R. 0000-0002-8739-5628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":27074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027039,"text":"70027039 - 2004 - Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:53:51","indexId":"70027039","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium sponsored production of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) for the conterminous United States, using Landsat imagery collected on a target year of 1992 (1992 NLCD). Here we report the thematic accuracy of the 1992 NLCD for the six western mapping regions. Reference data were collected in each region for a probability sample of pixels stratified by map land-cover class. Results are reported for each of the six mapping regions with agreement defined as a match between the primary or alternate reference land-cover label and a mode class of the mapped 3×3 block of pixels centered on the sample pixel. Overall accuracy at Anderson Level II was low and variable across the regions, ranging from 38% for the Midwest to 70% for the Southwest. Overall accuracy at Anderson Level I was higher and more consistent across the regions, ranging from 82% to 85% for five of the six regions, but only 74% for the South-central region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Smith, J., and Yang, L., 2004, Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the western United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 452-468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.002"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1efe4b08c986b3254cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickham, J.D.","contributorId":28329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.H.","contributorId":49331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027461,"text":"70027461 - 2004 - Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T16:53:43.432049","indexId":"70027461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults","docAbstract":"<p><span>We argue that key features of thrust earthquake triggering, inhibition, and clustering can be explained by Coulomb stress changes, which we illustrate by a suite of representative models and by detailed examples. Whereas slip on surface-cutting thrust faults drops the stress in most of the adjacent crust, slip on blind thrust faults increases the stress on some nearby zones, particularly above the source fault. Blind thrusts can thus trigger slip on secondary faults at shallow depth and typically produce broadly distributed aftershocks. Short thrust ruptures are particularly efficient at triggering earthquakes of similar size on adjacent thrust faults. We calculate that during a progressive thrust sequence in central California the 1983&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.7 Coalinga earthquake brought the subsequent 1983&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.0 Nuñez and 1985&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.0 Kettleman Hills ruptures 10 bars and 1 bar closer to Coulomb failure. The idealized stress change calculations also reconcile the distribution of seismicity accompanying large subduction events, in agreement with findings of prior investigations. Subduction zone ruptures are calculated to promote normal faulting events in the outer rise and to promote thrust-faulting events on the periphery of the seismic rupture and its downdip extension. These features are evident in aftershocks of the 1957&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 9.1 Aleutian and other large subduction earthquakes. We further examine stress changes on the rupture surface imparted by the 1960&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 9.5 and 1995&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 8.1 Chile earthquakes, for which detailed slip models are available. Calculated Coulomb stress increases of 2–20 bars correspond closely to sites of aftershocks and postseismic slip, whereas aftershocks are absent where the stress drops by more than 10 bars. We also argue that slip on major strike-slip systems modulates the stress acting on nearby thrust and strike-slip faults. We calculate that the 1857&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake on the San Andreas fault and subsequent interseismic slip brought the Coalinga fault ∼1 bar closer to failure but inhibited failure elsewhere on the Coast Ranges thrust faults. The 1857 earthquake also promoted failure on the White Wolf reverse fault by 8 bars, which ruptured in the 1952&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 7.3 Kern County shock but inhibited slip on the left-lateral Garlock fault, which has not ruptured since 1857. We thus contend that stress transfer exerts a control on the seismicity of thrust faults across a broad spectrum of spatial and temporal scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002607","usgsCitation":"Lin, J., and Stein, R., 2004, Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002607.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.400390625,\n              32.80574473290688\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.16894531249999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              34.84987503195418\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b69e4b08c986b31ce82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027465,"text":"70027465 - 2004 - Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027465","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)","docAbstract":"A common challenge in reconstructing phylogenies involves a high frequency of short internal branches, which makes basal relationships difficult to resolve. Often it is not clear whether this pattern results from insufficient or inappropriate data, versus from a rapid evolutionary radiation. The snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus, which contains in excess of 100 species and is a prominent component of coral-reef faunas worldwide, provides an example. Its taxonomy has long been problematic due to the subtlety of diagnostic characters and apparently widespread variability within species. Here we use partial mt COI and 16S rRNA sequences and morphological characters to reconstruct relationships among 31 species in the morphologically well-defined gambarelloides species group, a putative clade of obligate sponge associates that is mostly endemic to the Caribbean and contains the only known eusocial marine animals. Analysis of the combined data produced a single tree with good support for many terminal clades and for relationships with outgroups, but poor support for branches near the base of the gambarelloides group. Most basal branches are extremely short and terminal branches are long, suggesting a relatively ancient, but rapid radiation of the gambarelloides group. This hypothesis is supported by significant departure from a null model of temporally random cladogenesis. Calibration of divergence times among gambarelloides-group species using data from three geminate pairs of Synalpheus species separated by the isthmus of Panama suggests a major radiation between ???5 and 7 Mya, a few My before final closure of the Panamanian seaway during a period of spreading carbonate environments in the Caribbean; a second, smaller radiation occurred ???4 Mya. This molecular evidence for a rapid radiation among Caribbean marine organisms in the late Miocene/early Pliocene is strikingly similar to patterns documented from fossil data for several other Caribbean reef-associated invertebrate taxa. The similar patterns and timing of cladogenesis evidenced by molecular and fossil data for different Caribbean and East Pacific taxa suggests that the radiation involved a wide range of organisms, and strengthens the case that poor basal resolution in the gambarelloides group of Synalpheus reflects a real evolutionary phenomenon. The rapid radiation also helps explain the historical difficulty of diagnosing species in Synalpheus. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5","issn":"10557903","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Rios, R., and Duffy, J., 2004, Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus): Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 30, no. 3, p. 563-581, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5.","startPage":"563","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a4fe4b0c8380cd78e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, C.L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":72915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"C.L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rios, R.","contributorId":42419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rios","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, J.E.","contributorId":36743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027468,"text":"70027468 - 2004 - Potential sources of hydrogel stabilization of Florida Bay lime mud sediments and implications for organic matter preservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027468","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential sources of hydrogel stabilization of Florida Bay lime mud sediments and implications for organic matter preservation","docAbstract":"The fine grained carbonate mud sediments of central Florida Bay are resuspended quite easily. However, this disturbance is usually limited to the surficial ('floc') layer, as the underlying sediments appear to be stabilized by an hydrogelation involving the bulk organic matter. That gelation has occurred within these sediments is suggested from their physical behavior and an observed mathematical relationship between the percentages of organic carbon (C org) and water. Specifically, when extruded from a core barrel, the sediment maintains its integrity and has the consistency of a fine spackling compound. However, upon homogenization, as with a stirring rod prior to sieving, these sediments break into two distinct phases, 1/2-2/3 milky water and 1/3-1/2 sediment grains, by volume. The relationship observed between Corg and water was modeled as both linear (% water = (0.0777) Corg + 0.2984, R2 = 0.8664) and logarithmic (% water = 0.2489 Ln Corg + 0.2842, R2 = 0.9455) functions. As this relationship tends to be asymptotic at higher Corg (>3.5% dry)/water values (>60%) and given an higher correlation, the relationship appears better modeled as a logarithmic function. Values of C org from 1.2 to over 6.5%dry wt. and water contents from 30 to over 70%wt. were observed. The calculated intercept revealed that, without organic carbon (viz. hydrogel formation), these carbonates would likely contain only ???30% water by weight ('m' from linear model). This gelation is proposed to involve exopolymeric substances (EPS), likely polysaccharides, derived from diatoms and cyanobacteria of the microphytobenthos. A cyanobacterial-diatomaceous biofilm/mat underlain by purple sulfur bacteria was shown, by pigment based chemotaxonomy, to form the main components of the microphytobenthos. Additional water column detrital biomass, also mainly cyanobacteria and diatoms, is admixed with the living microphytobenthos in a flocculent/nephloid layer above the sediments prior to final incorporation into the gel-stabilized sediment column. Loss of seagrass cover appears to have allowed higher energy wave induced effects to reach the water-(nephloid)-sediment interface and increase overall turbidity in the bay. The effects of these gelatinized organics upon sediment stability, pore water chemistry and dissolved species flux in/out of the sediments are discussed as areas for future research which takes this (hydro-) gelation phenomenon into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/1551-5036(2004)020[0448:PSOHSO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Louda, J., Loitz, J., Melisiotis, A., and Orem, W., 2004, Potential sources of hydrogel stabilization of Florida Bay lime mud sediments and implications for organic matter preservation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 20, no. 2, p. 448-463, https://doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)020[0448:PSOHSO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"448","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)020[0448:PSOHSO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f60e4b0c8380cd7aac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Louda, J.W.","contributorId":58085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louda","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loitz, J.W.","contributorId":35113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loitz","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melisiotis, A.","contributorId":96893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melisiotis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027474,"text":"70027474 - 2004 - Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Alluvial Valley between southern Illinois and southern Louisiana contains hundreds of floodplain lakes, most of which have been adversely affected by landscape modifications used to control flooding and support agriculture. We examined fish assemblages in lakes of this region to determine whether deterministic patterns developed in relation to prominent abiotic lake characteristics and to explore whether relevant abiotic factors could be linked to specific assemblage structuring mechanisms. The distributions of 14 taxa in 29 lakes were governed primarily by two gradients that contrasted assemblages in terms of lake area, lake elongation, and water clarity. The knowledge of whether a lake was clear or turbid, large or small, and long or short helped determine fish assemblage characteristics. Abiotic factors influenced fish assemblage structures, plausibly through limitations on foraging and physiological tolerances. Determinism in assemblage organization of floodplain lakes relative to recurrence in physicochemical features has been documented for unaltered rivers. Whereas the Mississippi Alluvial Valley has been subjected to vast anthropogenic disturbances and is not a fully functional floodplain river, fish assemblages in its floodplain lakes remain deterministic and organized by the underlying factors that also dictate assemblages in unaltered rivers. In advanced stages of lake aging, fish assemblages in these lakes are expected to largely include species that thrive in turbid, shallow systems with few predators and low oxygen concentrations. The observed patterns related to physical characteristics of these lakes suggest three general conservation foci, including (1) watershed management to control erosion, (2) removal of sediments or increases in water level to alleviate depth reductions and derived detriments to water physicochemistry, and (3) management of fish populations through stockings, removals, and harvest regulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/03-060","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., and Lucas, G., 2004, Determinism in fish assemblages of floodplain lakes of the vastly disturbed Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 358-370, https://doi.org/10.1577/03-060.","startPage":"358","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/03-060"},{"id":238230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, G.M.","contributorId":47571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027475,"text":"70027475 - 2004 - Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: II. The dynamic interaction between geothermal and brine reflux circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T15:46:48.169573","indexId":"70027475","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: II. The dynamic interaction between geothermal and brine reflux circulation","docAbstract":"<p>Density-driven seawater circulation may occur in carbonate platforms due to geothermal heating and / or reflux of water of elevated salinity. In geothermal circulation lateral contrasts in temperature between seawater and platform groundwaters warmed by the geothermal heat flux result in upward convective flow, with colder seawater drawn into the platform at depth. With reflux circulation, platform-top waters concentrated by evaporation flow downward, displacing less dense underlying groundwaters. We have used a variable density groundwater flow model to examine the pattern, magnitude and interaction of these two different circulation mechanisms, for mesosaline platform-top waters (<span>50 ‰</span>) and brines concentrated up to saturation with respect to gypsum (<span>150 ‰</span>) and halite (<span>246 ‰</span>). Geothermal circulation, most active around the platform margin, becomes restricted and eventually shut-off by reflux of brines from the platform interior towards the margin. The persistence of geothermal circulation is dependent on the rate of brine reflux, which is proportional to the concentration of platform-top brines and also critically dependent on the magnitude and distribution of permeability. Low permeability evaporites can severely restrict reflux whereas high permeability units in hydraulic continuity enhance brine transport. Reduction in permeability with depth and anisotropy of permeability (kv &lt; &lt; kh) focuses flow laterally in the shallow subsurface (&lt;1 km), resulting in a horizontally elongated brine plume. Aquifer porosity and dispersivity are relatively minor controls on reflux. Platform brines can entrain surficial seawater when brine generating conditions cease but the platform-top remains submerged, a variant of reflux we term \"latent reflux\". Brines concentrated up to gypsum saturation have relatively long residence times of at least 100 times the duration of the reflux event. They thus represent a long-term control on post-reflux groundwater circulation, and consequently on the rates and spatial patterns of shallow burial diagenesis, such as dolomitization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.304.3.250","usgsCitation":"Jones, G.D., Whitaker, F.F., Smart, P.L., and Sanford, W., 2004, Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: II. The dynamic interaction between geothermal and brine reflux circulation: American Journal of Science, v. 304, no. 3, p. 250-284, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.3.250.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.3.250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"304","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68e6e4b0c8380cd73a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, G. D.","contributorId":31971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitaker, F. F.","contributorId":56411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitaker","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, P. L.","contributorId":59983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027479,"text":"70027479 - 2004 - Sources of osmium to the modern oceans: New evidence from the 190Pt-186Os system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027479","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of osmium to the modern oceans: New evidence from the 190Pt-186Os system","docAbstract":"High precision Os isotope analysis of young marine manganese nodules indicate that whereas the composition of modern seawater is radiogenic with respect to 187Os/188Os, it has 186Os/188Os that is within uncertainty of the chondritic value. Marine Mn nodule compositions thus indicate that the average continental source of Os to modern seawater had long-term high Re/Os compared to Pt/Os. Analyses of loess and freshwater Mn nodules support existing evidence that average upper continental crust (UCC) has resolvably suprachondritic 186Os/188Os, as well as radiogenic 187Os/188Os. Modeling the composition of seawater as a two-component mixture of oceanic/cosmic Os with chondritic Os compositions and continentally-derived Os demonstrates that, insofar as estimates for the composition of average UCC are accurate, congruently weathered average UCC cannot be the sole continental source of Os to seawater. Our analysis of four Cambrian black shales confirm that organic-rich sediments can have 187Os/188Os ratios that are much higher than average UCC, but 186Os/188Os compositions that are generally between those of chondrites and average-UCC. Preferential weathering of black shales can result in dissolved Os discharged to the ocean basins that has a much lower 186Os/188Os than does average upper crust. Modeling the available data demonstrates that augmentation of estimated average UCC compositions with less than 0.1% additional black shale and 1.4% additional ultramafic rock can produce a continental end-member Os isotopic composition that satisfies the requirements imposed by the marine Mn nodule data. The interplay of these two sources provides a mechanism by which the 187Os/188Os of seawater can change as sources and weathering conditions change, yet seawater 186Os/188Os varies only minimally. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.020","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"McDaniel, D., Walker, R., Hemming, S.R., Horan, M., Becker, H., and Grauch, R., 2004, Sources of osmium to the modern oceans: New evidence from the 190Pt-186Os system: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1243-1252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.020.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1252","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.020"},{"id":238298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b938ae4b08c986b31a552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDaniel, D.K.","contributorId":47971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDaniel","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemming, S. R.","contributorId":71225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Becker, H.","contributorId":103037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027481,"text":"70027481 - 2004 - The National Map: Benefits at what cost?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027481","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1747,"text":"GeoSpatial Solutions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The National Map: Benefits at what cost?","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cost-benefit analysis of The National Map, and determined that, during its 30-year projected lifespan, the project will likely bring a net present value of benefits to society of $2.05 billion. Such a survey enhances the United States' ability to access, integrate, and apply geospatial data at global, national, and local scales. This paper gives an overview on the underlying economic model for evaluating program benefits and presents the primary findings as well as a sensitivity analysis assessing the robustness of the results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GeoSpatial Solutions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15297403","usgsCitation":"Halsing, D., Theissen, K., and Bernknopf, R., 2004, The National Map: Benefits at what cost?: GeoSpatial Solutions, v. 14, no. 2, p. 25-31.","startPage":"25","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba837e4b08c986b321aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halsing, D.L.","contributorId":96081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsing","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theissen, K. M.","contributorId":22119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theissen","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027020,"text":"70027020 - 2004 - Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:48:38","indexId":"70027020","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>Comparative water potential and chloride profiles (∼10 m deep) collected from four vegetation communities in the Trans-Pecos region of the Chihuahuan Desert were assessed to evaluate the potential for using vegetation patterns as a means of efficiently improving large-scale estimates of basin-floor recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Analytical solutions and multiphase flow and transport modeling constrained flux histories and current fluxes across the water table at each site. Chloride bulge profiles containing ∼12–15&nbsp;kyr of atmospheric deposition and long-term drying water potential profiles typified most desertscrub and grassland sites. In contrast, evidence of episodic sub-root zone percolation and chloride profiles containing &lt;250 yr of atmospheric deposition characterized the woodland site. The results suggested that the desertscrub and grassland areas support small upward fluxes across the water table (nonrecharge), whereas the woodland site supports significant downward fluxes across the water table (recharge). A nonrecharge–recharge transition was identified to be collocated with a grassland–woodland ecotone. The establishment of vegetation–recharge relationships such as this will improve estimates of basin-scale recharge by identifying regions where no recharge is expected and regions where recharge is expected and point measurements should be concentrated. An approach integrating remotely sensed spatial distributions of vegetation and indicator relationships to recharge is both timely and warranted, although several caveats, as revealed in this study, should be noted. For example, the relative importance and distribution of vertical conduits that permit percolation to the water table merits future investigation.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.029","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Phillips, F.M., 2004, Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 292, no. 1-4, p. 59-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.029.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"292","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3848e4b0c8380cd614ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027021,"text":"70027021 - 2004 - Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027021","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach","docAbstract":"Because of highly dissipative conditions and strong alongshore gradients in foreshore beach morphology, wave run-up data collected along the central Oregon coast during February 1996 stand in contrast to run-up data currently available in the literature. During a single data run lasting approximately 90 min, the significant vertical run-up elevation varied by a factor of 2 along the 1.6 km study site, ranging from 26 to 61% of the offshore significant wave height, and was found to be linearly dependent on the local foreshore beach slope that varied by a factor of 5. Run-up motions on this high-energy dissipative beach were dominated by infragravity (low frequency) energy with peak periods of approximately 230 s. Incident band energy levels were 2.5 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the low-frequency spectral peaks and typically 96% of the run-up variance was in the infragravity band. A broad region of the run-up spectra exhibited an f-4 roll off, typical of saturation, extending to frequencies lower than observed in previous studies. The run-up spectra were dependent on beach slope with spectra for steeper foreshore slopes shifted toward higher frequencies than spectra for shallower foreshore slopes. At infragravity frequencies, run-up motions were coherent over alongshore length scales in excess of 1 km, significantly greater than decorrelation length scales on moderate to reflective beaches. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JC002160","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Holman, R., and Beach, R., 2004, Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 109, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478105,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jc002160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160"},{"id":235586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf96e4b08c986b32e9ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beach, R.A.","contributorId":31958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027488,"text":"70027488 - 2004 - Late Quaternary glaciation of the Upper Soca River Region (Southern Julian Alps, NW Slovenia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T13:04:03","indexId":"70027488","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary glaciation of the Upper Soca River Region (Southern Julian Alps, NW Slovenia)","docAbstract":"Extent of Late Quaternary glaciers in the Upper Soc??a River Region (Southern Julian Alps, SE Europe) has been analyzed using a combination of geological mapping, glaciological modeling, and sediment dating (radiocarbon, U/Th series and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence-IRSL). Field investigations focused mainly on relatively well preserved Quaternary sequences in the Bovec Basin, an intramontane basin located SW of the Mediterranean/Black Sea divide and surrounded by mountain peaks reaching from approximately 2100 up to 2587 m a.s.l. Within the Basin we recognized two Late Quaternary sedimentary assemblages, which consist of the same facies association of diamictons, laminated lacustrine deposits and sorted fluvial sediments. Radiocarbon dating of the upper part of the lake sediments sequence (between 12790??85 and 5885??60 14C years b.p.) indicates that the younger sedimentary assemblage was deposited during the last glacial maximum and through early Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 21, MIS 2-1). Sediment ages obtained for the older assemblage with U/Th and IRSL techniques (between 154.74??22.88 and 129.93??7.90 ka b.p. for selected samples) have large errors but both methods yield results consistent with deposition during the penultimate glacial-interglacial transition (MIS 6-5). Based on analyses of field data combined with glaciological modeling, we argue that both sediment complexes formed due to high sediment productivity spurred by paraglacial conditions with glaciers present in the uplands around the Bovec Basin but not extending down to the basin floor. Our study shows that the extent and intensity of direct glacial sedimentation by Late Quaternary glaciers in the region was previously significantly overestimated. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.011","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Bavec, M., Tulaczyk, S.M., Mahan, S., and Stock, G.M., 2004, Late Quaternary glaciation of the Upper Soca River Region (Southern Julian Alps, NW Slovenia): Sedimentary Geology, v. 165, no. 3-4, p. 265-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"283","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.011"}],"volume":"165","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a452de4b0c8380cd670c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bavec, Milos","contributorId":80898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bavec","given":"Milos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tulaczyk, Slawek M.","contributorId":98105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tulaczyk","given":"Slawek","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stock, Gregory M.","contributorId":7493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027489,"text":"70027489 - 2004 - An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids","docAbstract":"Failure to estimate capture efficiency, defined as the probability of capturing individual fish, can introduce a systematic error or bias into estimates of fish abundance. We evaluated the efficacy of multipass electrofishing removal methods for estimating fish abundance by comparing estimates of capture efficiency from multipass removal estimates to capture efficiencies measured by the recapture of known numbers of marked individuals for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi. Electrofishing capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish was greatest for westslope cutthroat trout and for the largest size-classes of both species. Capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish also was low for the first electrofishing pass (mean, 28%) and decreased considerably (mean, 1.71 times lower) with successive passes, which suggested that fish were responding to the electrofishing procedures. On average, the removal methods overestimated three-pass capture efficiency by 39% and under-estimated fish abundance by 88%, across both species and all size-classes. The overestimates of efficiency were positively related to the cross-sectional area of the stream and the amount of undercut banks and negatively related to the number of removal passes for bull trout, whereas for westslope cutthroat trout, the overestimates were positively related to the amount of cobble substrate. Three-pass capture efficiency measured by the recapture of marked fish was related to the same stream habitat characteristics that influenced (biased) the removal estimates and did not appear to be influenced by our sampling procedures, including fish marking. Simulation modeling confirmed our field observations and indicated that underestimates of fish abundance by the removal method were negatively related to first-pass sampling efficiency and the magnitude of the decrease in capture efficiency with successive passes. Our results, and those of other researchers, suggest that most electrofishing-removal-based estimates of fish abundance are likely to be biased and that these biases are related to stream characteristics, fish species, and size. We suggest that biologists regard electrofishing-removal- based estimates as biased indices and encourage them to measure and model the efficiency of their sampling methods to avoid introducing systematic errors into their data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/03-044","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Thurow, R., and Guzevich, J., 2004, An evaluation of multipass electrofishing for estimating the abundance of stream-dwelling salmonids: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 462-475, https://doi.org/10.1577/03-044.","startPage":"462","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/03-044"},{"id":238448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4de4b0c8380cd4877f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurow, R.F.","contributorId":69357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzevich, J.W.","contributorId":23755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzevich","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027492,"text":"70027492 - 2004 - First record of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) in French Polynesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T14:42:15","indexId":"70027492","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2902,"text":"Notornis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First record of laughing gull (<i>Larus atricilla</i>) in French Polynesia","title":"First record of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) in French Polynesia","docAbstract":"<p>On 6 March 2003 at 0800 h and again at 1300 h, while preparing for biological surveys in the Tuamotu and Gambier archipelagos of French Polynesia, we observed an immature gull flying in Rikitea harbor on Mangareva in the Gambier Islands. On both occasions we observed the gull for several minutes at distances as close as 20 m while it flew around the waterfront. It was a medium-sized gull, with long, pointed wings. The head was white with dark streaks and smudging on the nape. The bill was dark and of moderate length and thickness. The back and inner secondaries were dark grey, and the outer secondaries and primaries were a mottled dusky grey-brown. There was a complete, broad, dark band across the tip of the tail. These characters, particularly the long, pointed wings and broad tail band, led us to conclude that the bird was a laughing gull (<i>Larus atricilla</i>) in first winter&nbsp;plumage. Franklin’s gull (<i>L. pipixcan</i>) is similar in appearance and has been reported previously in several Pacific island groups (King 1967; Pratt et al. 1987), but can be distinguished from <i>L. atricilla</i> by its slightly smaller size, smaller bill, and narrower, incomplete tail band (Sibley 2000).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc!","issn":"00294470","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerf, E.A., Pierce, R.J., Tibbitts, T.L., Salducci, J., Gill, V., and Wragg, G., 2004, First record of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) in French Polynesia: Notornis, v. 51, no. 1, p. 51-52.","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.notornis.osnz.org.nz/first-record-laughing-gull-larus-atricilla-french-polynesia"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1060e4b0c8380cd53c46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerf, Eric A.","contributorId":104689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderwerf","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Ray J.","contributorId":16635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salducci, J.-M.","contributorId":47974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salducci","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wragg, Graham","contributorId":8272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wragg","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027511,"text":"70027511 - 2004 - The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T11:04:53","indexId":"70027511","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanic hazards in Kona (i.e. the western side of the island of Hawai'i) stem primarily from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes. The former has erupted 39 times since 1832. Lava flows were emplaced in Kona during seven of these eruptions and last impacted Kona in 1950. Hualālai last erupted in ca. 1800. Society's proximity to potential eruptive sources and the potential for relatively fast-moving lava flows, coupled with relatively long time intervals since the last eruptions in Kona, are the underlying stimuli for this study of risk perception. Target populations were high-school students and adults ( n =462). Using these data, we discuss threat knowledge as an influence on risk perception, and perception as a driving mechanism for preparedness. Threat knowledge and perception of risk were found to be low to moderate. On average, fewer than two-thirds of the residents were aware of the most recent eruptions that impacted Kona, and a minority felt that Mauna Loa and Hualālai could ever erupt again. Furthermore, only about one-third were aware that lava flows could reach the coast in Kona in less than 3 h. Lava flows and ash fall were perceived to be among the least likely hazards to affect the respondent's community within the next 10 years, whereas vog (volcanic smog) was ranked the most likely. Less than 18% identified volcanic hazards as amongst the most likely hazards to affect them at home, school, or work. Not surprisingly, individual preparedness measures were found on average to be limited to simple tasks of value in frequently occurring domestic emergencies, whereas measures specific to infrequent hazard events such as volcanic eruptions were seldom adopted. Furthermore, our data show that respondents exhibit an 'unrealistic optimism bias' and infer that responsibility for community preparedness for future eruptions primarily rests with officials. We infer that these respondents may be less likely to attend to hazard information, react to warnings as directed, and undertake preparedness measures than other populations who perceive responsibility to lie with themselves. There are significant differences in hazard awareness and risk perception between students and adults, between subpopulations representing local areas, and between varying ethnicities. We conclude that long time intervals since damaging lava flows have occurred in Kona have contributed to lower levels of awareness and risk perceptions of the threat from lava flows, and that the on-going eruption at Kilauea has facilitated greater awareness and perception of risk of vog but not of other volcanic hazards. Low levels of preparedness may be explained by low perceptions of threat and risk and perhaps by the lack of a clear motivation or incentive to seek new modes of adjustment. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsvier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D., Paton, D., and Swanson, D.A., 2004, The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano, Hualālai volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae84e4b08c986b32415d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David M.","contributorId":68082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027512,"text":"70027512 - 2004 - Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:34:19","indexId":"70027512","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests","docAbstract":"Analytical models commonly used to interpret unconfined aquifer tests have been based on upper-boundary (water table) conditions that do not adequately address effects of time-varying drainage from the vadose zone. As a result, measured and simulated drawdown data may not agree and hydraulic parameters may be inaccurately estimated. A 72-hour aquifer test conducted in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in a slightly heterogeneous, coarse-grained, glacial outwash deposit was found to be a good candidate for testing models with different upper-boundary conditions. In general, under the commonly invoked assumption of instantaneous drainage, measured and simulated draw-downs were found to agree with one another only at late time and early time. In the intermediate-time range, because of delayed drainage, measured drawdowns always exceeded simulated values, most noticeably in piezometers located near the water table. To reduce these discrepancies, an analytical model was developed that can fully account for time-varying drainage given that the aquifer is not strongly heterogeneous. The approach is flexible as the model, which makes use of empirical relations, does not constrain drainage to follow any particular functional relation. By this approach, measured and simulated drawdowns agree over the complete time range, and the estimated parameters are consistent with prior studies and with what is known about the aquifer geometry, stratigraphy, and composition. By properly accounting for vadose zone drainage, it was found that realistic estimates of all hydraulic parameters, including specific yield, could be obtained with or without the use of late-time data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., 2004, Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 2, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3946e4b0c8380cd61880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027515,"text":"70027515 - 2004 - Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027515","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"We developed a Late Cretaceous sealevel estimate from Upper Cretaceous sequences at Bass River and Ancora, New Jersey (ODP [Ocean Drilling Program] Leg 174AX). We dated 11-14 sequences by integrating Sr isotope and biostratigraphy (age resolution ??0.5 m.y.) and then estimated paleoenvironmental changes within the sequences from lithofacies and biofacies analyses. Sequences generally shallow upsection from middle-neritic to inner-neritic paleodepths, as shown by the transition from thin basal glauconite shelf sands (transgressive systems tracts [TST]), to medial-prodelta silty clays (highstand systems tracts [HST]), and finally to upper-delta-front quartz sands (HST). Sea-level estimates obtained by backstripping (accounting for paleodepth variations, sediment loading, compaction, and basin subsidence) indicate that large (>25 m) and rapid (???1 m.y.) sea-level variations occurred during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world. The fact that the timing of Upper Cretaceous sequence boundaries in New Jersey is similar to the sea-level lowering records of Exxon Production Research Company (EPR), northwest European sections, and Russian platform outcrops points to a global cause. Because backstripping, seismicity, seismic stratigraphic data, and sediment-distribution patterns all indicate minimal tectonic effects on the New Jersey Coastal Plain, we interpret that we have isolated a eustatic signature. The only known mechanism that can explain such global changes-glacio-eustasy-is consistent with foraminiferal ??18O data. Either continental ice sheets paced sea-level changes during the Late Cretaceous, or our understanding of causal mechanisms for global sea-level change is fundamentally flawed. Comparison of our eustatic history with published ice-sheet models and Milankovitch predictions suggests that small (5-10 ?? 106 km3), ephemeral, and areally restricted Antarctic ice sheets paced the Late Cretaceous global sea-level change. New Jersey and Russian eustatic estimates are typically one-half of the EPR amplitudes, though this difference varies through time, yielding markedly different eustatic curves. We conclude that New Jersey provides the best available estimate for Late Cretaceous sea-level variations. ?? 2004 Geological Society America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25279.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J., Kominz, M., Olsson, R., Feigenson, M., and Hernandez, J., 2004, Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 368-393, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1.","startPage":"368","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1"},{"id":238232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd38e4b08c986b328f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, P. J.","contributorId":81154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kominz, M.A.","contributorId":107471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsson, R.K.","contributorId":83296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez, J.C.","contributorId":29613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027519,"text":"70027519 - 2004 - Geochemical models of metasomatism in ultramafic systems: Serpentinization, rodingitization, and sea floor carbonate chimney precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027519","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical models of metasomatism in ultramafic systems: Serpentinization, rodingitization, and sea floor carbonate chimney precipitation","docAbstract":"In a series of water-rock reaction simulations, we assess the processes of serpentinization of harzburgite and related calcium metasomatism resulting in rodingite-type alteration, and seafloor carbonate chimney precipitation. At temperatures from 25 to 300??C (P = 10 to 100 bar), using either fresh water or seawater, serpentinization simulations produce an assemblage commonly observed in natural systems, dominated by serpentine, magnetite, and brucite. The reacted waters in the simulations show similar trends in composition with decreasing water-rock ratios, becoming hyper-alkaline and strongly reducing, with increased dissolved calcium. At 25??C and w/r less than ???32, conditions are sufficiently reducing to yield H2 gas, nickel-iron alloy and native copper. Hyperalkalinity results from OH- production by olivine and pyroxene dissolution in the absence of counterbalancing OH- consumption by alteration mineral precipitation except at very high pH; at moderate pH there are no stable calcium minerals and only a small amount of chlorite forms, limited by aluminum, thus allowing Mg2+ and Ca2+ to accumulate in the aqueous phase in exchange for H+. The reducing conditions result from oxidation of ferrous iron in olivine and pyroxene to ferric iron in magnetite. Trace metals are computed to be nearly insoluble below 300??C, except for mercury, for which high pH stabilizes aqueous and gaseous Hg??. In serpentinization by seawater at 300??C, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt may approach ore-forming concentrations in sulfide complexes. Simulated mixing of the fluid derived from serpentinization with cold seawater produces a mineral assemblage dominated by calcite, similar to recently discovered submarine, ultramafic rock-hosted, carbonate mineral deposits precipitating at hydrothermal vents. Simulated reaction of gabbroic or basaltic rocks with the hyperalkaline calcium- and aluminum-rich fluid produced during serpentinization at 300??C yields rodingite-type mineral assemblages, including grossular, clinozoisite, vesuvianite, prehnite, chlorite, and diopside. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.006","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Palandri, J., and Reed, M., 2004, Geochemical models of metasomatism in ultramafic systems: Serpentinization, rodingitization, and sea floor carbonate chimney precipitation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 5, p. 1115-1133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.006.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1133","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.006"}],"volume":"68","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1689e4b0c8380cd551a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palandri, J.L.","contributorId":50719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandri","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, M.H.","contributorId":91606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027050,"text":"70027050 - 2004 - Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:33:43","indexId":"70027050","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increasingly it is being realized that a holistic hazard assessment of complex environmental contaminant mixtures requires data on the concentrations of hydrophilic organic contaminants including new generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and many chemicals associated with household, industrial, and agricultural wastes. To address this issue, we developed a passive in situ sampling device (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]) that integratively concentrates trace levels of complex mixtures of hydrophilic environmental contaminants, enables the determination of their time-weighted average water concentrations, and provides a method of estimating the potential exposure of aquatic organisms to the complex mixture of waterborne contaminants. Using a prototype sampler, linear uptake of selected herbicides and pharmaceuticals with log </span><i>K</i><sub>ow</sub><span>S &lt; 4.0 was observed for up to 56 d. Estimation of the ambient water concentrations of chemicals of interest is achieved by using appropriate uptake models and determination of POCIS sampling rates for appropriate exposure conditions. Use of POCIS in field validation studies targeting the herbicide diuron in the United Kingdom resulted in the detection of the chemical at estimated concentrations of 190 to 600 ng/L. These values are in agreement with reported levels found in traditional grab samples taken concurrently.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/03-603","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., Jones-Lepp, T., Getting, D., Goddard, J., and Manahan, S., 2004, Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1640-1648, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-603.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1640","endPage":"1648","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478272,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236397","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-603"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0040e4b0c8380cd4f683","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones-Lepp, T. L.","contributorId":11806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Lepp","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Getting, D.T.","contributorId":26122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getting","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goddard, J.P.","contributorId":35929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manahan, S.E.","contributorId":102667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manahan","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027052,"text":"70027052 - 2004 - Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027052","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida","docAbstract":"Major coral reef complexes rim many modern and ancient carbonate platforms. Their role in margin evolution is not fully understood, particularly when they border a margin atypical of the classic model. Classic windward margins are steeply inclined. The windward margin of southeast Florida is distinct with a very low-gradient slope and a shelf edge ringed with 30-m-high Quaternary outlier reefs on a shallow upper-slope terrace. A newly developed synthesis of temporally well-constrained geologic events is used with surface and subsurface seismic-reflection contours to construct morphogenetic models of four discontinuous reef-complex sequences. The models show uneven subsurface topography, upward and landward buildups, and a previously unreported, rapid, Holocene progradation. The terms backstepped reef-complex margin, backfilled prograded margin, and coalesced reef-complex margin are proposed for sections exhibiting suitable signatures in the stratigraphic record. The models have significant implications for interpretation of ancient analogues. The Florida record chronicles four kinds of geologic events. (1) Thirteen transgressions high enough for marine deposition occurred between ca. 325 ka and the present. Six gave rise to stratigraphically successive coral reef complexes between ca. 185 and ca. 77.8 ka. The seventh reef ecosystem is Holocene. (2) Two primary coral reef architectures built the outer shelf and margin, producing respective ridge-and-swale and reef-and-trough geometries of very different scales. (3) Massive outlier reefs developed on an upper-slope terrace between ca. 106.5 and ca. 80 ka and are inferred to contain corals that would date to highstands at ca. 140 and 125 ka. (4) Sea level remained below elevation of the shelf between ca. 77.8 and ca. 9.6 ka. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25172.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2004, Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 7-8, p. 974-988, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25172.1.","startPage":"974","endPage":"988","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25172.1"},{"id":235514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc08e4b0c8380cd4e0bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027055,"text":"70027055 - 2004 - Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Hydraulic data collected in a flume fitted with pans of sawgrass were analyzed to determine the vertically averaged drag coefficient as a function of vegetation characteristics. The drag coefficient is required for modeling flow through emergent vegetation at low Reynolds numbers in the Florida Everglades. Parameters of the vegetation, such as the stem population per unit bed area and the average stem/leaf width, were measured for five fixed vegetation layers. The vertically averaged vegetation parameters for each experiment were then computed by weighted average over the submerged portion of the vegetation. Only laminar flow through emergent vegetation was considered, because this is the dominant flow regime of the inland Everglades. A functional form for the vegetation drag coefficient was determined by linear regression of the logarithmic transforms of measured resistance force and Reynolds number. The coefficients of the drag coefficient function were then determined for the Everglades, using extensive flow and vegetation measurements taken in the field. The Everglades data show that the stem spacing and the Reynolds number are important parameters for the determination of vegetation drag coefficient. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Roig, L., Jenter, H., and Visser, H.M., 2004, Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades: Ecological Engineering, v. 22, no. 4-5, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001"},{"id":235552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03bee4b0c8380cd5062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roig, L.C.","contributorId":97687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Visser, H. M.","contributorId":53858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027058,"text":"70027058 - 2004 - Analysis of modern and Pleistocene hydrologic exchange between Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and the Saginaw Lowlands area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T16:08:08.572647","indexId":"70027058","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of modern and Pleistocene hydrologic exchange between Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and the Saginaw Lowlands area","docAbstract":"<p>Two numerical models, one simulating present groundwater flow conditions and one simulating ice-induced hydraulic loading from the Port Huron ice advance, were used to characterize both modern and Pleistocene groundwater exchange between the Michigan Basin and near-surface water systems of Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and the surrounding Saginaw Lowlands area. These models were further used to constrain the origin of saline, isotopically light groundwater, and porewater from the study area. Output from the groundwater-flow model indicates that, at present conditions, head in the Marshall aquifer beneath Saginaw Bay exceeds the modern lake elevation by as much as 21 m. Despite this potential for flow, simulated ground-water discharge through the Saginaw Bay floor constitutes only 0.028 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(∼1 cfs). Bedrock lithology appears to regulate the rate of groundwater discharge, as the portion of the Saginaw Bay floor underlain by the Michigan confining unit exhibits an order of magnitude lower flux than the portion underlain by the Saginaw aquifer. The calculated shoreline discharge of groundwater to Saginaw Bay is also relatively small (1.13 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or ∼40 cfs) because of low gradients across the Saginaw Lowlands area and the low hydraulic conductivities of lodgement tills and glacial-lake clays surrounding the bay.</p><p>In contrast to the present groundwater flow conditions, the Port Huron ice-induced hydraulic-loading model generates a groundwater-flow reversal that is localized to the region of a Pleistocene ice sheet and proglacial lake. This area of reversed vertical gradient is largely commensurate with the distribution of isotopically light groundwater presently found in the study area. Mixing scenarios, constrained by chloride concentrations and δ<sup>18</sup>O values in porewater samples, demonstrate that a mixing event involving subglacial recharge could have produced the groundwater chemistry currently observed in the Saginaw Lowlands area. The combination of models and mixing scenarios indicates that structural control is a major influence on both the present and Pleistocene flow systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/B25290.1","usgsCitation":"Hoaglund, J., Kolak, J., Long, D., and Larson, G., 2004, Analysis of modern and Pleistocene hydrologic exchange between Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and the Saginaw Lowlands area: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 1-2, p. 3-15, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25290.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw Bay, Saginaw Lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.7322998046875,\n              44.12308489306967\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.968505859375,\n              43.909765943908\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0399169921875,\n              43.61619382369185\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91357421875,\n              43.520671902437606\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6553955078125,\n              43.55651037504758\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375244140625,\n              43.73538317799622\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.18298339843749,\n              43.92559366355069\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1170654296875,\n              44.25700308645885\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7322998046875,\n              44.12308489306967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb21e4b0c8380cd48c3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoaglund, J. R. III","contributorId":58423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoaglund","given":"J. R.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolak, J.J.","contributorId":46246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, D.T.","contributorId":67930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, G.J.","contributorId":89680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}