The occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in surface water of the Yakima River Basin were assessed using data collected during 19992000 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Samples were collected at 34 sites located throughout the basin in August 1999 using a Lagrangian sampling design. Samples also were collected weekly and monthly from May 1999 through January 2000 at three of the sites. This report includes data for 47 pesticide compounds from the analysis of filtered water using ocadecyl (C-18) solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
\nTwenty-five pesticide compounds were detected in samples collected during the study. Detection frequencies ranged from about 1 percent for ethalfluralin, ethoprophos, and lindane to 82 percent for atrazine. Maximum concentrations of azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, diazinon, para,para'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and lindane exceeded chronic-toxicity guidelines for the protection of freshwater aquatic life. Twenty pesticide compounds were detected during sampling in August 1999. Atrazine was the most widely detected herbicide, and azinphos-methyl was the most widely detected insecticide. The median number of sites at which a particular pesticide compound was detected was six. Pesticide compounds detected at more than six sites include atrazine, simazine, terbacil, trifluralin, deethylatrazine, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, and p,p'-DDE.
\nBecause many factors affect the transport of pesticides from areas of application to surface water, there was not a simple correspondence between pesticide occurrence and use in the Yakima River Basin. For example, the high detection rates of atrazine, simazine, deethylatrazine, and p,p'-DDE are probably related more to their mobility and wide distribution in the hydrologic system than to their usage. Likewise, higher detection frequencies of the insecticides azinphos-methyl and carbaryl compared with chlorpyrifos appear to be related more to differences in their physical and chemical properties than to usage.
\nThe highest detection frequencies and concentrations of pesticides generally occurred during irrigation season, which is from mid-March to mid-October. Pesticides are applied during irrigation season, and runoff of excess irrigation water from fields transports them to surface water.
\nGround-water discharges also transport some pesticides to surface water. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and simazine were frequently detected in samples collected after the irrigation season when there was little or no surface runoff and most of the flow in irrigation drains was derived from ground water.
\nDaily loads of atrazine, terbacil, azinphos-methyl, and carbaryl discharged to the Yakima River from inflows between river mile 103.7 and river mile 72 varied widely between sites. For example, East Toppenish Drain discharged over 50 percent of the total load of terbacil to this reach of the Yakima River, but none of the total load of carbaryl and only about 4 percent of the total load of atrazine. Pesticide loads from the wastewater treatment plants were relatively small compared with loads from other inflows because their discharges were small.
\nPesticide losses, defined as the ratio of the amount discharged from a basin from May 1999 through January 2000 divided by the amount applied during 1999, were estimated for Moxee and Granger Drains and the Yakima River at Kiona. Losses ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.5 percent of pesticides applied and are comparable to those observed (0.01 to 2.2 percent) in irrigated agricultural basins in the Central Columbia Plateau of Washington State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014211","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J.C., Embrey, S.S.,2002,Pesticides in surface water of the Yakima River basin, Washington, 1999–2000 — Their occurrence and an assessment of factors affecting concentrations and loads: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4211, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394631,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51424.htm"},{"id":3008,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4211/wri01-4211.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0276","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T.L., and Millholland, M., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Lime Hills quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-76, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0276.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50928.htm"},{"id":160805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486360,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lime Hills quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.0,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 62.0\n ],\n [\n -156.0,\n 62.0\n ],\n [\n -156.0,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millholland, M.A.","contributorId":70811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millholland","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31014,"text":"wri024043 - 2002 - A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"wri024043","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4043","title":"A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A logistic regression equation was developed for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site in Massachusetts. The equation provides city and town conservation commissions and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with an additional method for assessing whether streams are perennial or intermittent at a specific site in Massachusetts. This information is needed to assist these environmental agencies, who administer the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Rivers Protection Act of 1996, which establishes a 200-foot-wide protected riverfront area extending along the length of each side of the stream from the mean annual high-water line along each side of perennial streams, with exceptions in some urban areas. The equation was developed by relating the verified perennial or intermittent status of a stream site to selected basin characteristics of naturally flowing streams (no regulation by dams, surface-water withdrawals, ground-water withdrawals, diversion, waste-water discharge, and so forth) in Massachusetts. Stream sites used in the analysis were identified as perennial or intermittent on the basis of review of measured streamflow at sites throughout Massachusetts and on visual observation at sites in the South Coastal Basin, southeastern Massachusetts. Measured or observed zero flow(s) during months of extended drought as defined by the 310 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 10.58(2)(a) were not considered when designating the perennial or intermittent status of a stream site. The database used to develop the equation included a total of 305 stream sites (84 intermittent- and 89 perennial-stream sites in the State, and 50 intermittent- and 82 perennial-stream sites in the South Coastal Basin). Stream sites included in the database had drainage areas that ranged from 0.14 to 8.94 square miles in the State and from 0.02 to 7.00 square miles in the South Coastal Basin.Results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site in Massachusetts can be estimated as a function of (1) drainage area (cube root), (2) drainage density, (3) areal percentage of stratified-drift deposits (square root), (4) mean basin slope, and (5) location in the South Coastal Basin or the remainder of the State. Although the equation developed provides an objective means for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site, the reliability of the equation is constrained by the data used to develop the equation. The equation may not be reliable for (1) drainage areas less than 0.14 square mile in the State or less than 0.02 square mile in the South Coastal Basin, (2) streams with losing reaches, or (3) streams draining the southern part of the South Coastal Basin and the eastern part of the Buzzards Bay Basin and the entire area of Cape Cod and the Islands Basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024043","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., and Archfield, S.A., 2002, A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4043, 45 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024043.","productDescription":"45 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3012,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024043","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31585,"text":"ofr0259 - 2002 - The road to flamingo: An evaluation of flow pattern alterations and salinity intrusion in the lower glades, Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:38:16.61772","indexId":"ofr0259","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-59","title":"The road to flamingo: An evaluation of flow pattern alterations and salinity intrusion in the lower glades, Everglades National Park","docAbstract":"This report describes the history of roads through the Lower Glades of Everglades National Park, Florida and their influence on salinity intrusion. The chronology that lead to this work is interesting. The U.S. Geological Survey flew a series of helicopter electromagnetic surveys over portions of Everglades National Park to map saltwater intrusion starting in 1994 (Fitterman et al., 1995; Fitterman, 1996; Fitterman and Deszcz-Pan, 1998, 2002). These surveys identified variations in the electrical resistivity that were associated with changes in ground-water quality. The patterns of ground-water quality have been traced to natural saltwater intrusion, such as the effect of tidal rivers on lowering hydrologic heads far inland, and the influence of man-made structures, such as canals and roadways on surface water flow. These latter effects are of interest as they represent variations from the natural state of affairs in the park.
Previous investigations had been done by Everglades National Park staff on the influence of some roads and canals on the near surface hydrology. This information was scattered through a number of National Park Service publications. In an effort to bring these materials together in an easily located reference, along with new data on flows through culverts beneath the main park road, this report was written.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0259","usgsCitation":"The road to flamingo: An evaluation of flow pattern alterations and salinity intrusion in the lower glades, Everglades National Park; 2002; OFR; 2002-59; Stewart, M. A.; Bhatt, T. N.; Fennema, R. J.; Fitterman, D. V.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0059/ofr-02-0059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2002-0059"},{"id":160590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0059/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 26.455912977980674\n ],\n [\n -81.54181740018961,\n 26.455912977980674\n ],\n [\n -81.54181740018961,\n 25.021398805919503\n ],\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 25.021398805919503\n ],\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 26.455912977980674\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
One of the current controversies in Cordilleran tectonics concerns the position of Baja California prior to ∼300 km of opening of the Gulf of California. Geologic arguments, together with paleomagnetic results from Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks, suggest that the rocks of the Baja Peninsula formed and evolved along the coast of northwestern Mexico prior to opening of the Gulf. In contrast, paleomagnetic data from Cretaceous–early Tertiary plutonic rocks and clastic strata have been interpreted by some workers to suggest that Baja was located near southern Mexico at approximately 80 Ma. The presence of similar detrital zircon ages in lower Paleozoic quartzites of northeast Baja and in lower Paleozoic strata east of the Gulf, in northwestern Mexico and southwestern US, provides strong support for the northern paleoposition, suggesting that Baja has been transported northward by only ∼300 km
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00542-3","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G., Stewart, J., and Ketner, K.B., 2002, Cordilleran-margin quartzites in Baja California – implications for tectonic transport: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 199, no. 1-2, p. 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00542-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Baja California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -130.869140625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 16.88865978738161\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, G.E.","contributorId":211571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31527,"text":"ofr200243 - 2002 - Water-quality parameters and benthic algal communities at selected streams in Minnesota, August 2000 - Study design, methods and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:58:46.607451","indexId":"ofr200243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-43","title":"Water-quality parameters and benthic algal communities at selected streams in Minnesota, August 2000 - Study design, methods and data","docAbstract":"Water-quality measurements and benthic algal samples were measured or collected from select Minnesota streams as part of a multiagency (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Geological Survey) study. The goal of the multiagency study was to identify quantifiable thresholds of water-quality impairment and establish quantifiable indicators of nutrient enrichment for medium to high-order streams.
\nThis report describes the study design, sampling methods, and summarizes the physical, chemical, and benthic algal data for a component of the multiagency study that was designed to document diurnal water-quality measurements (specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen), benthic algal community composition and chlorophyll-a content, and primary productivity at 12 stream sites on 6 streams in Minnesota during August 2000. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent dissolved oxygen saturation measurements were made with submersible data recorders at 30 minute intervals for a period of 3-6 days during August 2000. Benthic algae collected from wood and rock substrate were identified and enumerated. Biovolume (volume of algal cells per unit area), density (number of cells per unit area), and chlorophyll-a content from benthic algae were determined. These data can be used as part of the multiagency study to develop an understanding of the relations among nutrient concentrations, algal abundance, algal community composition, and primary production and respiration processes in rivers of differing ecoregions in Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr200243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.E., 2002, Water-quality parameters and benthic algal communities at selected streams in Minnesota, August 2000 - Study design, methods and data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-43, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200243.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-08-01","temporalEnd":"2000-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr200243.JPG"},{"id":408824,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fceb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31510,"text":"ofr01466 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T20:45:35.745114","indexId":"ofr01466","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-466","title":"Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems","docAbstract":"Because regional-scale atmospheric deposition data in the Rocky Mountains are sparse, a program was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey to more thoroughly determine the quality of precipitation and to identify sources of atmospherically deposited pollution in a network of high-elevation sites. Depth-integrated samples of seasonal snowpacks at 52 sampling sites, in a network from New Mexico to Montana, were collected and analyzed each year since 1993. The results of the first 5 years (1993–97) of the program are discussed in this report. Spatial patterns in regional data have emerged from the geographically distributed chemical concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate that clearly indicate that concentrations of these acid precursors in less developed areas of the region are lower than concentrations in the heavily developed areas. Snowpacks in northern Colorado that lie adjacent to both the highly developed Denver metropolitan area to the east and coal-fired powerplants to the west had the highest overall concentrations of nitrate and sulfate in the network. Ammonium concentrations were highest in northwestern Wyoming and southern Montana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01466","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Turk, J.T., Mast, M.A., Clow, D.W., Campbell, D.H., and Bailey, Z.C., 2002, Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-466, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01466.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01466/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49732.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.75,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe4a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Zelda C.","contributorId":20794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Zelda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":31521,"text":"ofr0212 - 2002 - Physical data and biological data for algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from selected reaches on the Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, 1993-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr0212","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-12","title":"Physical data and biological data for algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from selected reaches on the Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, 1993-97","docAbstract":"This report, a product of the National Water-\r\nQuality Assessment Program, is a compilation of\r\nphysical data and biological data for algae, aquatic\r\ninvertebrates, and fish collected in the Carson and\r\nTruckee River Basins, Nevada and California.\r\nMost of the data were collected between 1993 and\r\n1996 at selected reaches on the Carson and Truckee\r\nRivers. Algae and aquatic invertebrate samples\r\nwere collected from cobble riffles, submerged\r\nwoody-snag habitats, and from depositional areas\r\nsuch as pools. Between 1993 and 1996, fish and\r\ncrayfish were collected from all wadeable habitats\r\nat each of seven basic-fixed sites using either electroshocking\r\nmethods or seining. Additional fish\r\nand crayfish were collected at one site on the Truckee\r\nRiver in 1997. Fish were identified to species,\r\nmeasured for total and standard length, checked\r\nfor anomalies, and weighed at the collection site.\r\nFish were returned to the stream after measurements\r\nwere taken. Measurements of water depth,\r\nstream velocity, determinations of substrate type\r\nand substrate embeddedness were made at each\r\nsampling site. Algae and aquatic invertebrate samples\r\nwere sent to the U.S. Geological Survey\r\nNational Water-Quality Laboratory for identification\r\nand enumeration.\r\nA total of 103 semi-quantitative and 55\r\nqualitative algae samples were collected at 20\r\nriver reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers\r\nbetween 1993 and 1996. These samples represent\r\nalgae in cobble riffles, on submerged woody\r\nsnags, and on sediment surfaces in depositional\r\nareas. In those 158 samples, 514 algal species,\r\nvarieties, or forms were identified. Of the 8 algal\r\nphyla represented, the diatoms (Phylum Bacillariophyta)\r\nwere the most abundant with 351 species,\r\nvarieties, or forms. The green algae (Phylum Chlorophyta)\r\nwere next in abundance with 108 species,\r\nvarieties, or forms followed by the blue-green\r\nalgae (Phylum Cyanophyta) with 41 species, varieties,\r\nor forms.\r\nA total of 49 semi-quantitative aquatic\r\ninvertebrate samples were collected at 27 river\r\nreaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers between\r\n1993 and 1996. These samples represent invertebrates\r\nin cobble riffles and on submerged woody\r\nsnags. In those 49 samples, members of 6 phyla\r\nwere identified. Roundworms were identified only\r\nto phylum (Nematoda) and free-living flatworms\r\nand snails were identified only to class (Turbellaria\r\nand Gastroda). Organisms were identified as\r\nbelonging to 19 invertebrate orders. Most of the\r\ninvertebrates that could be identified to genus or\r\nspecies belonged in the orders Ephemeroptera,\r\nPlecoptera, and Trichoptera of the arthropod class\r\nInsecta.\r\nFish and crayfish populations in the Carson\r\nand Truckee Rivers were sampled 29 times\r\nbetween 1993 and 1997. These collections\r\nresulted in the identification of 18 fish species and\r\none endemic crayfish species. Twelve of the 18\r\nfish species identified are not native to the Carson\r\nand Truckee River Basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0212","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S., and Seiler, R.L., 2002, Physical data and biological data for algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from selected reaches on the Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, 1993-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-12, 216 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0212.","productDescription":" 216 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, S.J.","contributorId":67922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31520,"text":"ofr026 - 2002 - Multibeam mapping of the Pinnacles region, Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T09:21:51","indexId":"ofr026","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-6","title":"Multibeam mapping of the Pinnacles region, Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Recent USGS mapping shows an extensive deep (~100 m) reef tract occurs on the Mississippi-Alabama outer continental shelf (Figure 1). The tract, known as \"The Pinnacles\", is apparently part of a sequence of drowned reef complexes along the \"40-fathom\" shelf edge of the northern Gulf of Mexico (Ludwick and Walton, 1957). It is critical to determine the accurate geomorphology of these deep-reefs because of their importance as benthic habitats for fisheries. The Pinnacles have previously been mapped using a single-beam echo sounder (Ludwick and Walton,1957), sidescan sonar (Laswell et al., 1990), and the TAMU2 towed single-beam sidescan-sonar system (Anonymous, 1999). These existing studies do not provide the quality of geomorphic data necessary for reasonable habitat studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr026","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Dartnell, P., and Sulak, K.J., 2002, Multibeam mapping of the Pinnacles region, Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-6, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr026.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr026.gif"},{"id":283201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0006/site/index.html"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.4944,27.975 ], [ -90.4944,31.513 ], [ -85.957,31.513 ], [ -85.957,27.975 ], [ -90.4944,27.975 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30996,"text":"wri014271 - 2002 - Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T09:32:05","indexId":"wri014271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4271","displayTitle":"Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of the 4-Day Annual Low Flow and Regression Equations for estimating the 4-Day, 3-Year Low-Flow Frequency at Ungaged Sites on Unregulated Streams in New Mexico","title":"Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Two regression equations were developed for estimating the 4-day, 3-year (4Q3) low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico. The first, a statewide equation for estimating the 4Q3 low-flow frequency from drainage area and average basin mean winter precipitation, was developed from the data for 50 streamflow-gaging stations that had non-zero 4Q3 low-flow frequency. The 4Q3 low-flow frequency for the 50 gaging stations ranged from 0.08 to 18.7 cubic feet per second. For this statewide equation, the average standard error of estimate was 126 percent and the coefficient of determination was 0.48. The second, an equation for estimating the 4Q3 low-flowfrequency in mountainous regions from drainage area, average basin mean winter precipitation, and average basin slope, was developed from the data for 40 gaging stations located above 7,500 feet in elevation. For this regression equation, the average standard error of estimate was 94 percent and the coefficient of determination was 0.66.
A U.S. Geological Survey computer-program interface for a geographical information system (GIS), called the GISWeasel,was used to determine basin and climatic characteristics for 84 gaging stations that were not affected by regulation. Mean monthly precipitation estimates from 1961 to 1990 were used in the GIS Weasel to compute the climatic characteristics of average basin winter precipitation and annual mean precipitation. The U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, which currently consists of the 7.5-minute, 30-meter digital elevation model for each State, was used in the GISWeasel to compute the basin characteristics of drainage area, average basin slope, average basin elevation, and average basin aspect. Basin and climatic characteristics that were statistically significant in the regression equation with the 4Q3 lowflow frequency were drainage area, which ranged from 1.62 to 5,900 square miles; average basin mean winter precipitation, which ranged from 3.89 to 19.42 inches; and average basin slope, which ranged from 0.166 to 0.517 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014271","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2002, Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4271, iv, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014271.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. ","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4271/wrir014271.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001–4271"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
The population in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe region of New Mexico is rapidly growing. The Santa Fe Group aquifer in the Middle Rio Grande Basin is the main source of municipal water for the greater Albuquerque metropolitan area. The capacity of this aquifer is more limited than previously thought (Thorn et al., 1993). The Middle Rio Grande Basin, as defined hydrologically and used here, is the area within the Rio Grande Valley extending from Cochiti Dam downstream to the community of San Acacia (Figure 1). Because approximately 600,000 people (40 percent of the population of New Mexico) live in the study area (Bartolino, 1999), water shortfalls could have serious consequences. Future growth and land management in the region depends on accurate assessment and protection of the region’s groundwater resources. An important issue in defining the ground water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the Santa Fe Group and the other sedimentary deposits that fill the Rio Grande rift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr0244","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2002, Magnetotelluric data in the middle Rio Grande basin, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-44, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0244.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64944e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31524,"text":"ofr0219 - 2002 - CMGTooL user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T11:07:38","indexId":"ofr0219","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-19","title":"CMGTooL user's manual","docAbstract":"During the past several years, the sediment transport group in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) of the U. S. Geological Survey has made major revisions to its methodology of processing, analyzing, and maintaining the variety of oceanographic time-series data. First, CMGP completed the transition of the its oceanographic time-series database to a self-documenting NetCDF (Rew et al., 1997) data format. Second, CMGP’s oceanographic data variety and complexity have been greatly expanded from traditional 2-dimensional, single-point time-series measurements (e.g., Electro-magnetic current meters, transmissometers) to more advanced 3-dimensional and profiling time-series measurements due to many new acquisitions of modern instruments such as Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (RDI, 1996), Acoustic Doppler Velocitimeter, Pulse-Coherence Acoustic Doppler Profiler (SonTek, 2001), Acoustic Bacscatter Sensor (Aquatec, 1001001001001001001). In order to accommodate the NetCDF format of data from the new instruments, a software package of processing, analyzing, and visualizing time-series oceanographic data was developed. It is named CMGTooL.
\nThe CMGTooL package contains two basic components: a user-friendly GUI for NetCDF file analysis, processing and manipulation; and a data analyzing program library. Most of the routines in the library are stand-alone programs suitable for batch processing.
\nCMGTooL is written in MATLAB computing language (The Mathworks, 1997), therefore users must have MATLAB installed on their computer in order to use this software package. In addition, MATLAB’s Signal Processing Toolbox is also required by some CMGTooL’s routines. Like most MATLAB programs, all CMGTooL codes are compatible with different computing platforms including PC, MAC, and UNIX machines (Note: CMGTooL has been tested on different platforms that run MATLAB 5.2 (Release 10) or lower versions. Some of the commands related to MAC may not be compatible with later releases of MATLAB).
\nThe GUI and some of the library routines call low-level NetCDF file I/O, variable and attribute functions. These NetCDF exclusive functions are supported by a MATLAB toolbox named NetCDF, created by Dr. Charles Denham . This toolbox has to be installed in order to use the CMGTooL GUI.
\nThe CMGTooL GUI calls several routines that were initially developed by others. The authors would like to acknowledge the following scientists for their ideas and codes: Dr. Rich Signell (USGS), Dr. Chris Sherwood (USGS), and Dr. Bob Beardsley (WHOI).
\nMany special terms that carry special meanings in either MATLAB or the NetCDF Toolbox are used in this manual. Users are encouraged to read the documents of MATLAB and NetCDF for references.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0219","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Lightsom, F., Noble, M.A., and Denham, C., 2002, CMGTooL user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-19, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0219.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0219.GIF"},{"id":283210,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0019/overview.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lightsom, Fran","contributorId":41053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Fran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denham, Charles","contributorId":36600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denham","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50800,"text":"b2184D - 2002 - Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T19:03:44.53205","indexId":"b2184D","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2184","chapter":"D","title":"Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.?","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is reevaluating the resource potential of selected domestic basin-centered gas accumulations. Basin-centered gas accumulations are characterized by presence of gas in extensive low-permeability (tight) reservoirs in which conventional seals and trapping mechanisms are absent, abnormally high or low reservoir pressures exist, and gas-water contacts are absent. In 1995, the USGS assessed one basin-centered gas play and two conventional plays within the trend of Jurassic and Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group fluvial-deltaic and barrier island/strand plain sandstones across the onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin. Detailed evaluation of geologic and production data provides new insights into these Cotton Valley plays. Two Cotton Valley sandstone trends are identified based on reservoir properties and gas-production characteristics. Transgressive blanket sandstones across northern Louisiana have relatively high porosity and permeability and do not require fracture stimulation to produce gas at commercial rates. South of this trend, and extending westward into eastern Texas, massive sandstones of the Cotton Valley trend exhibit low porosity and permeability and require fracture stimulation. The high permeability of Cotton Valley blanket sandstones is not conducive to the presence of basin-centered gas, but low permeability massive sandstones provide the type of reservoir in which basin-centered gas accumulations commonly occur. Data on source rocks, including burial and thermal history, are consistent with the interpretation of potential basin centered gas within Cotton Valley sandstones. However, pressure gradients throughout most of the blanket- and massive sandstone trends are normal or nearly normal, which is not characteristic of basin-centered gas accumulations. The presence of gas-water contacts in at least seven fields across the blanket-sandstone trend together with relatively high permeabilities and high gas-production rates without fracture stimulation indicate that fields in this trend are conventional. Within the tight massive-sandstone trend, permeability is sufficiently low that gas-water transition zones are vertically extensive and gas-water contacts either have not been encountered or are poorly defined. With increasing depth through these transition zones, gas saturation decreases and water saturation increases until eventually gas saturations become sufficiently low that, in terms of ultimate cumulative production, wells are noncommercial. Such progressive increase in water saturation with depth suggests that poorly defined gas-water contacts probably are present below the depth at which wells become noncommercial. The interpreted presence of gas-water contacts within the tight, Cotton Valley massive-sandstone trend suggests that gas accumulations in this trend, too, are conventional, and that a basin-centered gas accumulation does not exist within Cotton Valley sandstones in the northern Gulf Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2184D","usgsCitation":"Bartberger, C.E., Dyman, T.S., and Condon, S.M., 2002, Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.? (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2184D.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406331,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46521.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartberger, Charles E.","contributorId":92741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31000,"text":"wri024017 - 2002 - Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T08:23:39","indexId":"wri024017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4017","displayTitle":"Trends in Selected Streamflow and Stream-Channel Characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","title":"Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","docAbstract":"Monotonic upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were identified statistically for the streamflow-gaging station on the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio. No monotonic trends were identified for the annual peak streamflow series or partial-duration series of peak streamflows augmented with annual peak streamflows that did not exceed a base discharge of 4,000 cubic feet per second.
A plot of cumulative departure of annual precipitation from the long-term mean annual precipitation for the weather-observation station at Hiram, Ohio, indicates a relatively dry period extending from about 1910 to about 1968, followed by a relatively wet period extending from about 1968 to the late 1990s. A plot of cumulative departure of annual mean streamflow from the mean annual streamflow for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio, closely mimics the shape of the precipitation departure plot, indicating that the annual mean streamflows increased in concert with annual precipitation. These synchronous trends likely explain why upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were observed. A lack of trend in peak streamflows indicates that the intensity and severity of flood-producing storms did not increase appreciably along with the increases in annual precipitation.
An analysis of point-of-zero-flow data indicates that the low-water control of the Chagrin River streamflow-gaging station tended to aggrade over the period 1930–93; however, the magnitude of aggradation is sufficiently small that its effect on stages of moderate to large floods would be negligible.
Stage values associated with reference streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second tended to remain fairly stable during the period from about 1950 to 1970 and then decreased slightly during the period from about 1970 to 1980, suggesting that the flood-carrying capacity of the stream increased somewhat during the latter period. Since a large flood on May 26, 1989, significant changes have occurred in the relation between stage and streamflow. The most recent relation indicates that stage values associated with streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second are about 0.5 foot and 0.1 foot higher, respectively, than the pre-1989 levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Willoughby, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Kunze, A.E., 2002, Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4017, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024017.","productDescription":"14 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/wri20024017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"960 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4017"}],"contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Water Replenishment District of Southern California (WRDSC), began a study to examine ground-water resources in the Central and West Coast Basins in Los Angeles County, California. The study characterizes the geohydrology and geochemistry of the regional ground-water flow system and provides extensive data for evaluating ground-water management issues. This report is a compilation of geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected from 24 recently constructed multiple-well monitoring sites for the period 1995–2000.
Descriptions of the collected drill cuttings were compiled into lithologic logs, which are summarized along with geophysical logs—including gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, electromagnetic induction, and temperature tool logs—for each monitoring site. At selected sites, cores were analyzed for magnetic orientation, physical and thermal properties, and mineralogy. Field and laboratory estimates of hydraulic conductivity are presented for most multiple-well monitoring sites. Periodic water-level measurements are also reported. Water-quality information for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, deuterium and oxygen-18, and tritium is presented for the multiple-well monitoring locations, and for selected existing production and observation wells. In addition, boron-11, carbon-13, carbon-14, sulfur-34, and strontium-87/86 data are presented for selected wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01277","usgsCitation":"Land, M., Everett, R., and Crawford, S., 2002, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Central and West Coast basins, Los Angeles County, California, 1995-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-277, 178 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01277.","productDescription":"178 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68809b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everett, R.R.","contributorId":81954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, S.M.","contributorId":39418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31526,"text":"ofr0226 - 2002 - Mapped minerals at Questa, New Mexico, using airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data – Preliminary report for: First quarterly report of the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River Valley Basin, New Mexico, November 13, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T20:32:16.375042","indexId":"ofr0226","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-26","title":"Mapped minerals at Questa, New Mexico, using airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data – Preliminary report for: First quarterly report of the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River Valley Basin, New Mexico, November 13, 2001","docAbstract":"This preliminary study for the First Quarterly Report has spectrally mapped hydrothermally altered minerals useful in assisting in assessment of water quality of the Red River. Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data was analyzed to characterize mined and unmined ground at Questa, New Mexico. AVIRIS data covers the Red River drainage north of the river, from between the town of Questa on the west, to east of the town of Red River. The data was calibrated and analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey custom software and spectral mineral library. AVIRIS data was tested for spectral features that matched similar features in the spectral mineral library. Goodness-of-fit and band-depth were calculated for each comparison of spectral features and used to identify surface mineralogy. Mineral distribution, mineral associations, and AVIRIS pixel spectra were examined. Mineral maps show the distribution of iron hydroxides, iron sulfates, clays, micas, carbonates, and other minerals. Initial results show a system of alteration suites that overprint each other. Quartz-sericite-pyrite (QSP) alteration grading out to propylitic alteration (epidote and calcite) was identified at the Questa Mine (molybdenum porphyry) and a similar alteration pattern was mapped at the landslide (\"scar\") areas. Supergene weathering overprints the altered rock, as shown by jarosite, kaolinite, and gypsum. In the spectral analysis, hydrothermally altered ground appears to be more extensive at the unmined Goat Hill Gulch and the mined ground, than the ?scars? to the east. Though the \"scars\" have similar overall altered mineral suites, there are differences between the \"scars\" in sericite, kaolinite, jarosite, gypsum, and calcite abundance. Fieldwork has verified the results at the central unmined \"scar\" areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0226","usgsCitation":"Livo, K., and Clark, R.N., 2002, Mapped minerals at Questa, New Mexico, using airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data – Preliminary report for: First quarterly report of the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River Valley Basin, New Mexico, November 13, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-26, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0226.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46632.htm"},{"id":160743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30994,"text":"wri014263 - 2002 - Hydrogeological investigation at Site 5, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T10:40:44","indexId":"wri014263","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4263","title":"Hydrogeological investigation at Site 5, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted borehole geophysical logging, collected and analyzed water-level data, and sampled sections of a rock core to determine the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the aquifer matrix of the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were run in three monitor wells. At well 05MW04I, the vertical gradient was upward at depths above 42 feet below land surface (ft bls), downward between 42 and 82 ft bls, and upward below 82 ft bls. At well 05MW05I, a downward vertical gradient was present. At well 05MW12I, the vertical gradient was downward above 112 ft bls and upward below 112 ft bls.
Three water-bearing fractures in a 17-foot long rock core from 23.5 to 40.5 ft bls were identified and sampled. Three samples were analyzed from each water-bearing fracture—at the fracture face, 2 centimeters (cm) below the fracture, and 4 cm below the fracture. Fifteen compounds were detected; however, concentrations of seven compounds were less than 1 microgram per kilogram (mg/kg) when detected. Concentrations of benzene (from 0.39 to 3.3 mg/kg), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) (from 0.15 to 13 mg/kg), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) (from 0.17 to 22 mg/kg), and trichloroethylene (TCE) (from 0.092 to 9.6 mg/kg) were detected in all samples. The highest concentrations detected were for toluene, which was detected at a concentration of 32 and 86 mg/kg in the samples from unweathered sandstone at 2 and 4 cm below the fracture, respectively. Concentrations generally decreased with distance below the fracture in the mudstone samples. Concentrations of benzene and toluene increased with distance below the fractures in the unweathered sandstone samples. Concentrations of 1,1-DCE, TCA, and TCE were higher in the mudstone samples than in the samples from sandstone. Toluene concentrations were higher in unweathered sandstone than in weathered sandstone or mudstone.
The effect of the pumping of Horsham Water and Sewer Authority public supply well 26 (HWSA-26), 0.2 mile southwest of the base boundary, on groundwater levels on the base was determined by shutting the well down for 6 days to allow water levels to recover. Water levels in 22 nearby wells were measured. The only well (02MW01I) that showed an unambiguous response to the shutdown of well HWSA-26 is 1,350 feet directly along strike from well HWSA-26. The recovery of well 05MW11I in response to the shutdown of well HWSA-26 is masked by recharge from snowmelt but probably does not exceed about 0.2 feet on the basis of the water level in well 05MW11I, which showed a response to the pumping of well HWSA-26 that ranged from 0.5 to 0.15 foot.
Horizontal gradients differ with depth, and the rate and direction of ground-water flow and contaminant movement is depth dependent. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 5 and 44 ft bls in the aquifer shows a ground-water mound that is the high point on a regional ground-water divide. From this divide, ground water flows both northwest toward Park Creek and southeast toward Pennypack Creek. The hydraulic gradient around this mound is relatively flat to the southeast and particularly flat to the northwest. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 40 and 100 ft bls in the aquifer shows a very flat hydraulic gradient. Differences in the elevation of the potentiometric surface are less than 2 feet. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 105 and 179 ft bls in the aquifer shows a steep hydraulic gradient between Sites 5 and 2 and a relatively flat hydraulic gradient between Sites 5 and 3. Water levels measured on October 7, 1999, showed downward vertical head gradients for all well clusters at Site 5. Vertical gradients ranged from 0.01 at well cluster 05MW10 to 0.2 at cluster 05MW11. Most gradients were between 0.01 and 0.026. Vertical head gradients vary with time. The variability is caused by a difference in the magnitude of water-level fluctuations between shallow and the deep fractures. The difference in the magnitude of water-level fluctuations is because of differences in lithology and aquifer storativity.
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U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
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\nThe Western Division of the American Fisheries Society was requested to develop protocols for \ndetermining presence/absence and potential habitat suitability for bull trout. The general \napproach adopted is similar to the process for the marbled murrelet, whereby interim guidelines \nare initially used, and the protocols are subsequently refined as data are collected. Current data \nwere considered inadequate to precisely identify suitable habitat but could be useful in stratifying \nsampling units for presence/absence surveys. The presence/absence protocol builds on previous \napproaches (Hillman and Platts 1993; Bonar et al. 1997), except it uses the variation in observed \nbull trout densities instead of a minimum threshold density and adjusts for measured differences \nin sampling efficiency due to gear types and habitat characteristics. The protocol consists of: 1. \nrecommended sample sizes with 80% and 95% detection probabilities for juvenile and resident \nadult bull trout for day and night snorkeling and electrofishing adjusted for varying habitat \ncharacteristics for 50m and 100m sampling units, 2. sampling design considerations, including \npossible habitat characteristics for stratification, 3. habitat variables to be measured in the \nsampling units, and 3. guidelines for training sampling crews. Criteria for habitat strata consist \nof coarse, watershed-scale characteristics (e.g., mean annual air temperature) and fine-scale, \nreach and habitat-specific features (e.g., water temperature, channel width). The protocols will be \nrevised in the future using data from ongoing presence/absence surveys, additional research on \nsampling efficiencies, and development of models of habitat/species occurrence.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Division of American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Dunham, J., Howell, P., Thurow, R., and Bonar, S., 2002, Protocol for determining bull trout presence, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86be4b07c5f79a7f34e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James","contributorId":65851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, Philip","contributorId":64572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurow, Russell","contributorId":83031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonar, Scott","contributorId":76231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}