{"pageNumber":"1083","pageRowStart":"27050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":30978,"text":"wri014239 - 2002 - Ground-water discharge determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, other available hydrologic components, and shallow water-level changes, Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T14:02:59.629214","indexId":"wri014239","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4239","title":"Ground-water discharge determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, other available hydrologic components, and shallow water-level changes, Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Oasis Valley is an area of natural ground-water discharge within the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system of southern Nevada and adjacent California. Ground water discharging at Oasis Valley is replenished from inflow derived from an extensive recharge area that includes the northwestern part of the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Because nuclear testing has introduced radionuclides into the subsurface of the NTS, the U.S. Department of Energy currently is investigating the potential transport of these radionuclides by ground water flow. To better evaluate any potential risk associated with these test-generated contaminants, a number of studies were undertaken to accurately quantify discharge from areas downgradient in the regional ground-water flow system from the NTS. This report refines the estimate of ground-water discharge from Oasis Valley.</p><p>Ground-water discharge from Oasis Valley was estimated by quantifying evapotranspiration (ET), estimating subsurface outflow, and compiling ground-water withdrawal data. ET was quantified by identifying areas of ongoing ground-water ET, delineating areas of ET defined on the basis of similarities in vegetation and soil-moisture conditions, and computing ET rates for each of the delineated areas. A classification technique using spectral-reflectance characteristics determined from satellite imagery acquired in 1992 identified eight unique areas of ground-water ET. These areas encompass about 3,426 acres of sparsely to densely vegetated grassland, shrubland, wetland, and open water. Annual ET rates in Oasis Valley were computed with energy-budget methods using micrometeorological data collected at five sites. ET rates range from 0.6 foot per year in a sparse, dry saltgrass environment to 3.1 feet per year in dense meadow vegetation.</p><p>Mean annual ET from Oasis Valley is estimated to be about 7,800 acre-feet. Mean annual ground-water discharge by ET from Oasis Valley, determined by removing the annual local precipitation component of 0.5 foot, is estimated to be about 6,000 acre-feet. Annual subsurface outflow from Oasis Valley into the Amargosa Desert is estimated to be between 30 and 130 acre-feet. Estimates of total annual ground-water withdrawal from Oasis Valley by municipal and non-municipal users in 1996 and 1999 are 440 acre-feet and 210 acre-feet, respectively. Based on these values, natural annual ground-water discharge from Oasis Valley is about 6,100 acre-feet. Total annual discharge was 6,500 acre-ft in 1996 and 6,300 acre-ft in 1999. This quantity of natural ground-water discharge from Oasis Valley exceeds the previous estimate made in 1962 by a factor of about 2.5.</p><p>Water levels were measured in Oasis Valley to gain additional insight into the ET process. In shallow wells, water levels showed annual fluctuations as large as 7 feet and daily fluctuations as large as 0.2 foot. These fluctuations may be attributed to water loss associated with evapotranspiration. In shallow wells affected by ET, annual minimum depths to water generally occurred in winter or early spring shortly after daily ET reached minimum rates. Annual maximum depths to water generally occurred in late summer or fall shortly after daily ET reached maximum rates. The magnitude of daily water-level fluctuations generally increased as ET increased and decreased as depth to water increased.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014239","usgsCitation":"Reiner, S.R., Laczniak, R.J., DeMeo, G.A., Smith, J.L., Elliott, P.E., Nylund, W., and Fridrich, C.J., 2002, Ground-water discharge determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, other available hydrologic components, and shallow water-level changes, Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4239, Report: vi, 65 p., 2 Plates: 25.50 x 32.00 inches and 25.43 x 33.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014239.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p., 2 Plates: 25.50 x 32.00 inches and 25.43 x 33.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415598,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Oasis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.8239,\n              37.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8239,\n              36.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6667,\n              36.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6667,\n              37.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8239,\n              37.0833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiner, S. R.","contributorId":9299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeMeo, G. A.","contributorId":96290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliott, P. E.","contributorId":90351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nylund, W. E.","contributorId":36966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylund","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":33072,"text":"b2190 - 2002 - Joint inversion of acoustic and resistivity data for the estimation of gas hydrate concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:16","indexId":"b2190","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2190","title":"Joint inversion of acoustic and resistivity data for the estimation of gas hydrate concentration","docAbstract":"Downhole log measurements, such as acoustic or electrical resistivity logs, are frequently used to estimate in situ gas hydrate concentrations in the pore space of sedimentary rocks. Usually the gas hydrate concentration is estimated separately based on each log measurement. However, measurements are related to each other through the gas hydrate concentration, so the gas hydrate concentrations can be estimated by jointly inverting available logs. Because the magnitude of slowness of acoustic and resistivity values differs by more than an order of magnitude, a least-squares method, weighted by the inverse of the observed values, is attempted. Estimating the resistivity of connate water and gas hydrate concentration simultaneously is problematic, because the resistivity of connate water is independent\r\nof acoustics. In order to overcome this problem, a coupling constant is introduced in the Jacobian matrix. In the use of different\r\nlogs to estimate gas hydrate concentration, a joint inversion\r\nof different measurements is preferred to the averaging of each inversion result.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2190","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2002, Joint inversion of acoustic and resistivity data for the estimation of gas hydrate concentration (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2190, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2190.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3276,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31444,"text":"ofr0239 - 2002 - Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T21:03:42.081914","indexId":"ofr0239","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-39","title":"Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetotelluric data collected along five profiles show deep\r\nresistivity structures beneath the Battle Mountain-Eureka and\r\nCarlin gold trends in north-central Nevada, which appear\r\nconsistent with tectonic breaks in the crust that possibly served\r\nas channels for hydrothermal fluids. It seems likely that gold\r\ndeposits along these linear trends were, therefore, controlled by\r\ndeep regional crustal fault systems.\r\nTwo-dimensional resistivity modeling of the magnetotelluric\r\ndata generally show resistive (30 to 1,000 ohm-m) crustal blocks\r\nbroken by sub-vertical, two-dimensional, conductive (1 to 10 ohmm)\r\nzones that are indicative of large-scale crustal fault zones.\r\nThese inferred fault zones are regional in scale, trend\r\nnortheast-southwest, north-south, and northwest-southeast, and\r\nextend to mid-crustal (20 km) depths. The conductors are about\r\n2- to 15-km wide, extend from about 1 to 4 km below the surface\r\nto about 20 km depth, and show two-dimensional electrical\r\nstructure. By connecting the locations of similar trending\r\nconductors together, individual regional crustal fault zones\r\nwithin the upper crust can be inferred that range from about 4-\r\nto 10-km wide and about 30- to 150-km long. One of these crustal\r\nfault zones coincides with the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral\r\ntrend. The interpreted electrical property sections also show\r\nregional changes in the resistive crust from south to north.\r\nMost of the subsurface in the upper 20 km beneath Reese River\r\nValley and southern Boulder Valley are underlain by rock that is\r\ngenerally more conductive than the subsurface beneath Kelly Creek\r\nBasin and northern Boulder Valley. This suggests that either\r\nelevated-temperature or high-salinity fluids, alteration, or\r\ncarbonaceous rocks are more pervasive in the more conductive area\r\n(Battle Mountain Heat-Flow High), which implies that the crust\r\nbeneath these valleys is either more fractured or has more\r\ncarbonaceous rocks than in the area surveyed along the 41st\r\nparallel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr0239","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2002, Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-39, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0239.","productDescription":"114 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391188,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46505.htm"},{"id":59784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr0239","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25,\n              41.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              41.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31442,"text":"ofr028 - 2002 - Results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in September 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"ofr028","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-8","title":"Results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in September 2001","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for\r\nsix standard reference samples -- T-167 (trace constituents), M-160 (major constituents), N-71\r\n(nutrient constituents), N-72 (nutrient constituents), P-37 (low ionic-strength constituents), and\r\nHg-33 (mercury) -- that were distributed in September 2001 to laboratories enrolled in the U.S.\r\nGeological Survey sponsored interlaboratory testing program. Analytical data received from 98\r\nlaboratories were evaluated with respect to overall laboratory performance and relative laboratory\r\nperformance for each analyte in the six reference samples. Results of these evaluations are\r\npresented in tabular form. Also presented are tables and graphs summarizing the analytical data\r\nprovided by each laboratory for each analyte in the six standard reference samples. The most\r\nprobable value for each analyte was determined using nonparametric statistics.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr028","usgsCitation":"Woodworth, M.T., and Connor, B.F., 2002, Results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-8, iv, 113 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr028.","productDescription":"iv, 113 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":576,"text":"Standard Reference Sample Project- Branch of Quality Systems","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2589,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://bqs.usgs.gov/srs/Report_Fall01.pdf ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodworth, Mark T. woodwort@usgs.gov","contributorId":3452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"Mark","email":"woodwort@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, Brooke F. bfconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Brooke","email":"bfconnor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":61456,"text":"mf2386 - 2002 - Logs and data from trenches across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:29","indexId":"mf2386","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2386","title":"Logs and data from trenches across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this publication is to make available detailed trench logs (sheets 1, 2), radiocarbon dates (table 1) and pollen data (fig. 1) obtained as a result of an intensive subsurface investigation of the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond) from August to November 2000 (figs. 1, 2 on sheet 1). The Hayward Fault is recognized to be among the most hazardous in the United States (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1999). This document makes available geologic evidence for historical and prehistoric surfacerupturing earthquakes that were recorded at the site. Prehistoric earthquakes deduced from geologic evidence are called paleoearthquakes. Establishing a chronology of paleoearthquakes is of immediate use in resolving the level of hazard posed by the Hayward Fault for producing large earthquakes in the future. Preliminary findings of this investigation have been presented in Lienkaemper and others (2001). A formal report on our conclusions based on these data is in preparation. The investigation at Tyson's Lagoon is ongoing, so these products should not be considered final. Lienkaemper, Dawson, and Personius interpreted the geology and logged the trenches. Seitz and Reidy performed analyses on radiocarbon and pollen samples, respectively. Schwartz led the critical-review field team.\r\n\r\nPrevious trenching work was done at Tyson's Lagoon (figs. 2, 3 on sheet 1). Lienkaemper (1992) references the location of most of those trenches. The earlier trenching was generally for the evaluation of local faultrupture hazard, except for the study of Williams (1993), which was a paleoearthquake investigation. An unpublished study by J.N. Alt in 1998 (shown on our site map as trenches 98A and 98B, fig. 3, on sheet 1), also sought evidence of paleoearthquakes. Alt's study and one by Woodward-Clyde and Associates (1970; trenches 70A to 70G, fig. 3) were located south of Walnut Avenue in one of the few areas that still remain undisturbed and were, thus, useful in planning our work in 2000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2386","usgsCitation":"Linenkaemper, J.J., Dawson, T.E., Personius, S.F., Seitz, G., Reidy, L.M., and Schwartz, D.P., 2002, Logs and data from trenches across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2386, 2 Map Sheets: Sheet 1-45 x 30 inches, Sheet 2-33 x 44 inches; Pamphlet: 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2386.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: Sheet 1-45 x 30 inches, Sheet 2-33 x 44 inches; Pamphlet: 12 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":648,"text":"Western Earthquake Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9551,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,37 ], [ -123,38 ], [ -122,38 ], [ -122,37 ], [ -123,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c69a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linenkaemper, James J.","contributorId":105797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linenkaemper","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":265679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":265676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":265678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reidy, Liam M.","contributorId":105372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidy","given":"Liam","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":61473,"text":"mf2382 - 2002 - Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:36:47","indexId":"mf2382","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2382","title":"Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous age along Transect DD'' in eastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and western Oklahoma consist mainly of sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and bentonite. They accumulated as sediments in continental, nearshore marine, and offshore marine environments on the west side of a north-trending epicontinental sea. The rocks record intermittent deposition and erosion as well as regional and local subsidence and uplift possibly beginning in Aptian time (about 121-112 Ma) and occurring in Albian through Maastrichtian time (about 112-65.4 Ma). Most of the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian through Aptian, 142-112 Ma) in this transect is represented by a basal unconformity. The Cretaceous rocks and unconformities along the transect are depicted on the attached lithostratigraphic cross sections (sheets 1 and 2); one extending from the Mogollon Rim in eastern Arizona to Pagosa Springs in southwestern Colorado and the other from Pagosa Springs, Colorado, to Kenton in western Oklahoma. The same rocks and unconformities are also represented on the attached chronostratigraphic profile (sheet 3), which was prepared mainly from surface and subsurface data shown on the lithostratigraphic cross sections. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2382","usgsCitation":"Molenaar, C.M., Cobban, W.A., Merewether, E., Pillmore, C.L., Wolfe, D., and Holbrook, J., 2002, Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2382,  Three sheets. Sheet 1, 57 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 44 by 33 inches; sheet 3, 42 by 32 inches (all in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2382.","productDescription":" Three sheets. Sheet 1, 57 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 44 by 33 inches; sheet 3, 42 by 32 inches (all in color)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2382/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110228,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45091.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"45091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,34 ], [ -110,38 ], [ -103,38 ], [ -103,34 ], [ -110,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molenaar, C. M.","contributorId":77904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molenaar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merewether, E.A.","contributorId":32517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pillmore, C. L.","contributorId":46093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolfe, D.G.","contributorId":50222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holbrook, J.M.","contributorId":71249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":61466,"text":"mf2352 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-02T15:44:59","indexId":"mf2352","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2352","title":"Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This digital geologic map summarizes all available geologic information for the Tetilla Peak quadrangle located immediately southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico.  The geologic map consists of new polygon (geologic map units) and line (contact, fault, fold axis, dike, flow contact, hachure) data, as well as point data (locations for structural measurements, geochemical and geochronologic data, geophysical soundings, and water wells).  The map database has been generated at 1:24,000 scale, and provides significant new geologic information for an area of the southern Cerros del Rio volcanic field, which sits astride the boundary of the Espanola and Santo Domingo basins of the Rio Grande rift.\r\n      The quadrangle includes the west part of the village of La Cienega along its eastern border and includes the southeasternmost part of the Cochiti Pueblo reservation along its northwest side.  The central part of the quadrangle consists of Santa Fe National Forest and Bureau of Land Management lands, and parts of several Spanish-era land grants.\r\n      Interstate 25 cuts through the southern half of the quadrangle between Santa Fe and Santo Domingo Pueblo.  Canada de Santa Fe, a major river tributary to the Rio Grande, cuts through the quadrangle, but there is no dirt or paved road along the canyon bottom.\r\n      A small abandoned uranium mine (the La Bajada mine) is found in the bottom of the Canada de Santa Fe about 3 km east of the La Bajada fault zone; it has been partially reclaimed.\r\n\r\n      The surface geology of the Tetilla Peak quadrangle consists predominantly of a thin (1-2 m generally, locally as thick as 10? m) layer of windblown surficial deposits that has been reworked colluvially.  Locally, landslide, fluvial, and pediment deposits are also important.  These colluvial deposits mantle the principal bedrocks units, which are (from most to least common):  (1) basalts, basanites, andesite, and trachyte of the Pliocene (2.7-2.2 Ma) Cerros del Rio volcanic field; (2) unconsolidated deposits of the Santa Fe Group, mainly along the western border, in the hanging wall of the La Bajada fault zone, but locally extending 2-3 km east under the Cerros del Rio volcanic field; (3) older Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Abiquiu?, Espinaso, and Galisteo Formations); (4) intrusive rocks of the Cerrillos intrusive center that are roughly coeval with the Espinaso volcanic rocks; and (5) Mesozoic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation to the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/mf2352","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D., Shroba, R., Minor, S., and Thompson, R.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2352, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2352.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110236,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46651"},{"id":6037,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2352/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.25,35.5 ], [ -106.25,35.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,35.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,35.5 ], [ -106.25,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69372,"text":"i2757 - 2002 - Controlled photomosaic map of Europa Je 15 M CMN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:58:07","indexId":"i2757","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2757","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Controlled photomosaic map of Europa Je 15 M CMN","docAbstract":"This sheet is one in a series of maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter at a nominal scale of 1:15,000,000. This series is based on data from the Galileo Orbiter Solid-State Imaging (SSI) camera and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2757","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, Controlled photomosaic map of Europa Je 15 M CMN: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2757, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2757.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2757.jpg"},{"id":6321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2757/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"15000000","projection":"Mercator Projection","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159121,"text":"70159121 - 2002 - Capability of AVHRR data in discriminating rangeland cover mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:36:22","indexId":"70159121","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capability of AVHRR data in discriminating rangeland cover mixtures","docAbstract":"<p><span>A combination of high temporal resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and high spatial information Map Information Analysis and Display System (MIADS) landuse/landcover data from the United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) were used to investigate the feasibility of using the combined dataset for regional evapotranspiration (ET) studies. It was shown that the biweekly maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite AVHRR data were capable of discriminating rangelands with different types of trees and shrubs species. AVHRR data also showed a potential to distinguish canopy cover differences within a mix of similar species. The combination of MIADS data and AVHRR data can be used to study temporal dynamics of various cover types for use in regional ET estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160010014855","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., and Elliott, R.L., 2002, Capability of AVHRR data in discriminating rangeland cover mixtures: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 2, p. 299-312, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160010014855.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce53e4b06217fc478ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Raymond L.","contributorId":82667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210152,"text":"70210152 - 2002 - A preliminary study on fine structures of Jiashi earthquake region and earthquake generating fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-18T13:47:38.898532","indexId":"70210152","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-18T08:37:59","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":635,"text":"Acta Geophysica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary study on fine structures of Jiashi earthquake region and earthquake generating fault","docAbstract":"<p>It is very unusual that nine large earthquakes of similar magnitudes (M = 6.1-6.8) occured within a very small area and a very short period of time (1997-1998) in Jiashi of Xinjiang Province, Northwest China. This paper analyzes the observed data of the aftershocks in the Jiashi earthquake region for studying the generating mechanism and deep structural background of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm. The simultaneous inversion method was used to calculate the hypocenter positions and 3-D velocity structure of this region. The results show that the aftershocks concentrated in a NNE-trending belt, which roughly coincides with the NE-trending belt of the two strong earthquake belts. Velocity structure obtained from 3-D inversion suggests that there exist two low velocity zones, one trending NNE and the other NNW, below the depth of 12 km. These low velocity zones are almost consistent with the two strong earthquake belts. The preliminary results lead to the conclusion that the low velocity zones correspond to two deep crustal faults. At the time of our observation, microearthquakes took place on the NNE-trending fault, while the NNW-trending fault was relatively quiescent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Science Press","usgsCitation":"Li, S., Zhang, X., Mooney, W.D., Lai, X., Michael, A., and Duan, Y., 2002, A preliminary study on fine structures of Jiashi earthquake region and earthquake generating fault: Acta Geophysica Sinica, v. 45, no. 1, p. 76-82.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58291],[120.18205,51.64357],[120.73819,51.96412],[1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S.-L.","contributorId":224740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"S.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lai, X.-L.","contributorId":224741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lai","given":"X.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duan, Y.-H.","contributorId":224742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duan","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70207674,"text":"70207674 - 2002 - Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:20:54.066867","indexId":"70207674","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-03T11:46:20","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data","docAbstract":"<p>Major-, minor-, and trace-element abundance data on 220, late Cenozoic, basaltic rocks in and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado are combined with isotopic, age, and petrographic data to correlate lava flows and establish the timing and minimum areal extent of collapse events associated with removal of Pennsylvanian evaporite. On the basis of these data, 46 distinct compositional groups of volcanic rocks were identified. The rocks within each group, which are represented by at least two samples, have compositions and ages that are indistinguishable from each other and are either (1) undifferentiated samples from the same eruption and possibly from outcrops of the same flow, (2) differentiated from the same magma batch erupted at different times or (3) related to each other by very small differences in the degree of partial melting. The areal extent of chemically correlated and dated volcanic flows in the region was established and these results were used to recognize and understand many of the collapse events as described in companion papers in this volume. </p><p>Compositional data are also used to infer the petrogenetic processes that generated the parental magmas. Subtle but significant differences among rocks that are broadly similar in geochemical and isotopic composition and were erupted over a small time interval (&lt;0.5 m.y.) suggests that the mantle source region of these magmas is quite heterogeneous. Over the past 11 m.y., the lavas became less mafic and more enriched in incompatible trace elements. This heterogeneity is attributed to variable contributions of subducted material in the lithosphere during the melting processes. To account for its isotopic features, the source material must be at least mid-Proterozoic in age. A melt contribution from underlying asthenospheric mantle can not be ruled out but none of the volcanic rocks have clear characteristics of oceanic-island basalts or mid-oceanic-ridge basalts. The trace-element compositions of rocks that were sampled from multiple stacked flows are indistinguishable from one another.This suggests that lower and/or upper crustal assimilation had a minor effect on their overall chemistry. However, Pb isotopic data suggest that crustal contamination of at least some samples did occur. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.167","usgsCitation":"Budahn, J.R., Unruh, D.M., Kunk, M.J., Byers, F.M., Kirkham, R., and Streufert, R.K., 2002, Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 167-196, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.167.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.55203247070312,\n              39.11301365149975\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.72943115234375,\n              39.11301365149975\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.72943115234375,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.55203247070312,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.55203247070312,\n              39.11301365149975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, D. M.","contributorId":117170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byers, Frank M. Jr.","contributorId":35397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"Frank","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70181841,"text":"70181841 - 2002 - Water quality monitoring and data collection in the Mississippi sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T15:30:38","indexId":"70181841","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality monitoring and data collection in the Mississippi sound","docAbstract":"<p><span>The United States Geological Survey and the </span><span class=\"searchword\">Mississippi</span><span> Department of Marine </span><span class=\"searchword\">Resources</span><span> are collecting </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span> on the </span><span class=\"searchword\">quality</span><span> of the </span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span> in the </span><span class=\"searchword\">Mississippi</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Sound</span><span> of the Gulf of Mexico, and streamflow </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span> for its tributaries. The U.S. Geological Survey is collecting continuous </span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>-level </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span>, continuous and discrete </span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>-temperature </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span>, continuous and discrete specific-conductance </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span>, as well as chloride and salinity samples at two locations in the </span><span class=\"searchword\">Mississippi</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Sound</span><span> and three Corps of Engineers tidal gages. Continuous-discharge </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span> are also being collected at two additional stations on tributaries. The </span><span class=\"searchword\">Mississippi</span><span> Department of Marine </span><span class=\"searchword\">Resources</span><span> collects </span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span> samples at 169 locations in the Gulf of Mexico. Between 1800 and 2000 samples are collected annually which are analyzed for turbidity and fecal coliform bacteria. The continuous </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span> are made available real-time through the internet and are being used in conjunction with streamflow </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span>, weather </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span>, and sampling </span><span class=\"searchword\">data</span><span> for the </span><span class=\"searchword\">monitoring</span><span> and management of the oyster reefs, the shrimp fishery and other marine species and their habitats.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute","conferenceTitle":"Meeting of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute","conferenceDate":"February 26, 2001","language":"English","issn":"0072-9019 ","usgsCitation":"Runner, M.S., and Creswell, R., 2002, Water quality monitoring and data collection in the Mississippi sound, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, no. 53, February 26, 2001, p. 681-688.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"688","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42538e4b0c825128ad455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":668791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creswell, R.","contributorId":181597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Creswell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200412,"text":"70200412 - 2002 - Exposure of delta smelt to dissolved pesticides in 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T16:29:24","indexId":"70200412","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T16:29:17","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure of delta smelt to dissolved pesticides in 2000","docAbstract":"<p>Delta smelt abundance in San Francisco Estuary has been declining since 1983. The exposure of delta smelt to toxic pesticides during larval and juvenile life stages may be one possible factor of this decline (Bennett and Moyle 1996; Moyle and others 1996). Although pesticides have been detected in the Delta (MacCoy and others 1995; Kuivila and others 1999), minimal data on pesticide concentrations and the duration of occurrence in delta smelt habitat are documented. A three-year study (1998– 2000) was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to quantify the exposure of larval and juvenile delta smelt to dissolved pesticides. Moon and others (2000) reported on the exposure of delta smelt to dissolved pesticides in 1998 and 1999, and this article follows up on Moon’s work and reports the results from late spring and summer of 2000.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Moon, G.E., 2002, Exposure of delta smelt to dissolved pesticides in 2000: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 15, no. 2, p. 42-45.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/wq_control_plans/2006wqcp/exhibits/append2/doi/doi-48h.pdf"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f1a8e4b034bf6a805f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moon, G. Edward","contributorId":173325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074437,"text":"70074437 - 2002 - Ordonezite from the Theodoso Soto Mine, Sapioris, Durango, Mexico: New data and structure refinement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T15:20:43.030933","indexId":"70074437","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T15:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordonezite from the Theodoso Soto Mine, Sapioris, Durango, Mexico: New data and structure refinement","docAbstract":"A new occurrence of the rare mineral species ordonezite has been found at the Theodoso Soto tin mine, near Sapioris, Durango, Mexico. The average composition of the samples is (Zn<sub>0.98</sub>Fe<sub>0.02</sub>)<sub>&Sigma;1.00</sub>Sb<sub>2.00</sub>O<sub>6</sub>; the core of the crystals is slightly richer in Fe than the rim. The mineral is uniaxial (+), with all n greater than 2.30 (n<sub>calc</sub> is 2.38 at 589 nm); D<sub>obs</sub> 6.66 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, D<sub>calc</sub> 6.67 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. It is isostructural with ferrotapiolite, with a 4.668(2), c 9.269(6) A (from powder-diffraction data), space group P4<sub>2</sub>/mnm, and is twinned on {103}. Its crystal structure, refined to R=4.1, wR=4.3% using 163 observed reflections, is fully cation-ordered.","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1207","usgsCitation":"Ercit, T., Foord, E., and Fitzpatrick, J.J., 2002, Ordonezite from the Theodoso Soto Mine, Sapioris, Durango, Mexico: New data and structure refinement: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 40, no. 4, p. 1207-1210, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1207.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1210","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","city":"Durango","otherGeospatial":"Sapioris;Theodoso Soto Mine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.715185,23.963354 ], [ -104.715185,24.094567 ], [ -104.575401,24.094567 ], [ -104.575401,23.963354 ], [ -104.715185,23.963354 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6a0be4b0b29085102fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ercit, T.S.","contributorId":104397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ercit","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J. J.","contributorId":95078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006885,"text":"70006885 - 2002 - Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:40:24","indexId":"70006885","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T14:29:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":397,"text":"Annual Report to NPS, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1999, vessel based surveys to estimate species composition, distribution and relative abundance of marine birds and mammals have been conducted along coastal and pelagic (offshore) transects in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Surveys have been conducted during winter (November-March) and summer (June). This annual report presents the results of those surveys conducted in March and June of 2001. Following completion of surveys in 2002 we will provide a final report of the results of all surveys conducted between 1999 and 2002.</p><p>Glacier Bay supports diverse and abundant assemblages of marine birds and mammals. In 2001 we identified 58 species of bird, 7 species of marine mammal, and 6 species of terrestrial mammal on transects sampled during winter and summer. Of course all species are not equally abundant. Among all taxa, in both seasons, sea ducks were the numerically dominant group. In their roles as consumers and because of their generally large size, marine mammals are also likely important in the consumption of energy produced in the Glacier Bay ecosystem. Most common and abundant marine birds and mammals can be placed in either a fish based (e.g. alcids and pinnipeds), or a benthic invertebrate (e.g. sea ducks and sea otters) based food web.</p><p>Distinct differences in the species composition and abundance of marine birds were observed between winter and summer surveys. Winter marine bird assemblages were dominated numerically (&gt; 11,000; 65% of all birds) by a relatively few species of sea ducks (scoters, goldeneye, Bufflehead, Harlequin and Long-tailed ducks). The sea ducks were distributed almost exclusively along near shore habitats. The prevalence of sea ducks during the March surveys indicates the importance of Glacier Bay as a wintering area for this poorly understood group of animals that occupy a high trophic position in a principally benthic invertebrate (mussel and clam) food web. Marine mammal assemblages were generally consistent between seasons, although Humpback and Killer whales were not observed in winter 2001.</p><p>Summer marine bird assemblages remained numerically dominated by sea ducks, but species composition shifted between the goldeneye whose density was 44/m<sup>2</sup> in winter to &lt; 0.2/m<sup>2</sup> in summer, to scoters, whose density was 29/m<sup>2</sup> in winter to &gt; 60/m<sup>2</sup> in summer. Large increases in Black-legged kittiwake, murrelet (Marbled and Kittlitz’s) and Common merganser densities were detected during summer surveys. Seasonal differences in abundance of species likely reflected differences in life history attributes (e.g. reproductive biology, foraging ecology) among species.</p><p>Because of differences observed in species composition between the winter and summer, it is apparent that a single annual survey cannot accurately describe the populations of marine birds and mammals that occur in Glacier Bay. Preliminary analysis further suggests that interpretations of data resulting from this type of survey may depend to a large extent on the individual species. Because species exhibit differences in behavior, morphology, coloration, and distribution, accuracy and precision of abundance estimates likely vary among species. Confidence in survey results should be evaluated in consideration of life history and detection probabilities at the species level. However, survey results likely provide reasonable estimates of species composition and relative abundance, as well as accurate abundance estimates for those species whose detection closely approximates one.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Coletti, H.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and Ballachey, B.E., 2002, Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report to NPS, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, iv, 46 p.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -138.4141,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,58.1591 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Heather A.","contributorId":65768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70216521,"text":"70216521 - 2002 - Real-time kinematic surveying at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites, Osage County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-25T13:27:28.544549","indexId":"70216521","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T12:39:45","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time kinematic surveying at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites, Osage County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Highly accurate survey-grade Global Positioning System (GPS) technology was used at the two Osage-Skiatook petroleum environmental research sites to document the locations of observation wells, geoprobe holes, and other sampling sites of 15 research scientists. Real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS was the method used, because it is stable, fast, and accurate.</p><p>Initially three survey monuments were installed one at each research site and one at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers headquarters for Skiatook Lake. The monument locations were established by static GPS surveys that occupied each of the sites for four hours. The data were submitted to the NOAA-National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) for processing. OPUS processes the data relative to three sites on the NGS continuously operating reference station network (CORS). CORS provides GPS carrier phase and code range measurements in support of three-dimensional positioning activities throughout the United States. OPUS enables positioning accuracies, both horizontally and vertically, that approach a few centimeters relative to the National Spatial Reference System and electronically mails the results to the sender. The usual turnaround time for a data set is 2-3 minutes, depending upon the file size. Static GPS surveys are highly accurate, but require post processing the data and longer occupation time.</p><p>The RTK surveys require a GPS base station positioned over a known monument, a GPS rover, and a radio link between the base station and the rover. The radio link transmits the base station correction data to the rover. The rover combines the base station data with the rover GPS data to produce real-time coordinates. The rover must maintain lock on at least four of the same satellites that the base station is tracking. Each survey location is occupied for 3 minutes. Setup time at each location is less than a minute, if the rover maintains lock on the satellites and the radio link to the base station.</p><p>Accuracy in the horizontal component is 1 centimeter (cm) plus 2 parts per million (ppm) times the baseline distance and in the vertical component is 2 cm plus 2 ppm times the baseline distance. The calculated accuracy for the initial static GPS surveys that occupied the survey monuments ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 cm for the horizontal component and 2.2 to 2.4 cm for the vertical component. Calculated accuracy for the RTK surveys at the research sites are about 2.2 to 2.4 cm for the horizontal component and 4.2 to 4.4 cm for the vertical component.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference","conferenceDate":"October 22-25, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Albuquerque, New Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium","usgsCitation":"Abbott, M.M., 2002, Real-time kinematic surveying at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites, Osage County, Oklahoma, <i>in</i> 9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 22-25, 2002.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70159718,"text":"70159718 - 2002 - Fuzzy logic merger of spectral and ecological information for improved montane forest mapping.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T11:23:40","indexId":"70159718","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuzzy logic merger of spectral and ecological information for improved montane forest mapping.","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental data are often utilized to guide interpretation of spectral information based on context, however, these are also important in deriving vegetation maps themselves, especially where ecological information can be mapped spatially. A vegetation classification procedure is presented which combines a classification of spectral data from Landsat‐5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and environmental data based on topography and fire history. These data were combined utilizing fuzzy logic where assignment of each pixel to a single vegetation category was derived comparing the partial membership of each vegetation category within spectral and environmental classes. Partial membership was assigned from canopy cover for forest types measured from field sampling. Initial classification of spectral and ecological data produced map accuracies of less than 50% due to overlap between spectrally similar vegetation and limited spatial precision for predicting local vegetation types solely from the ecological information. Combination of environmental data through fuzzy logic increased overall mapping accuracy (70%) in coniferous forest communities of northwestern Montana, USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Hong Kong","doi":"10.1080/10106040208542226","usgsCitation":"White, J., Running, S.W., Ryan, K.C., and Key, C.H., 2002, Fuzzy logic merger of spectral and ecological information for improved montane forest mapping.: Geocarto International, v. 17, no. 1, p. 61-68, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040208542226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"North fork of the Flathead River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.77691650390625,\n              48.53843177405044\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.77691650390625,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6810302734375,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6810302734375,\n              48.53843177405044\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.77691650390625,\n              48.53843177405044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4de4b0112df6c62e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Joseph D.","contributorId":56077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joseph D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Kevin C.","contributorId":149962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":580178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70146123,"text":"70146123 - 2002 - Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:07:09","indexId":"70146123","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>New interpretations of the frontal part of the Brooks Range orogen beneath the foothills and coastal plain in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) are based on reprocessed regional seismic reflection data, recent geologic field observations, and new apatite fission-track analyses. Three long north-south transects illustrate the configuration of thrust faulting above a basal detachment that, within the southern part of NPRA, steps up from the Triassic Shublik Formation, to the Jurassic Kingak Shale, and finally into Cretaceous Torok mudstones. This thrust system represents the youngest recognized pulse of major shortening, about 60 Ma.</p>\n<p>The transects, along with other seismic-reflection examples, illustrate four play concepts being used in the deformed area for the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey oil and gas assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA). The Brookian topset structural play includes broad west-northwest-trending anticlines in the Cretaceous Nanushuk Group, developed above structurally thickened Torok mudstones in the incipiently-deformed, most northerly part of the thrust system. The Torok structural play includes prominent anticlines affecting deep-basin sandstones, many of which are detached from folds exposed at the surface. The Ellesmerian structural play includes closures developed in the clastic part of the Ellesmerian sequence, mainly above a detachment in the Shublik Formation. The thrust belt play includes antiformal stacks of allochthonous Endicott Group clastic rocks and Lisburne Group carbonates; these stacks were assembled at about 120 Ma, and were transported to their present positions in the foothills at about 60 Ma.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Potter, C.J., Moore, T.E., O'Sullivan, P., and Miller, J.J., 2002, Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1157-1157.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1157","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552ce8bee4b0b22a157f50bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70211067,"text":"70211067 - 2002 - Magnetic anomaly map of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T15:42:10.680538","indexId":"70211067","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T11:41:04","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5972,"text":"Special Map","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Magnetic anomaly map of North America","docAbstract":"<p>This digital Magnetic Anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM). The database and map represent a substantial upgrade from the previous compilation of Magnetic Anomaly data for North America, now over a decade old (Committee for the Magnetic Anomaly Map of North America, 1987). This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data will be a powerful tool for further evaluation of the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries. The North American magnetic anomaly map derived from the digital database provides a comprehensive magnetic view of continental-scale trends not available in individual data sets, helps link widely separated areas of outcrop, and unifies disparate geologic studies. This booklet outlines the data processing and compilation procedures used to produce the magnetic anomaly database and map that accompany this booklet. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70211067","usgsCitation":"North American Magnetic Anomaly Group, Bankey, V., Cuevas, A., Daniels, D.L., Finn, C.A., Hernandez, I., Hill, P.L., Kucks, R., Miles, W., Pilkington, M., Roberts, C., Roest, W., Rystrom, V., Shearer, S., Snyder, S.L., Sweeney, R.E., and Velez, J., 2002, Magnetic anomaly map of North America: Special Map, Report: 31 p.; 1 Plate: 56.02 x 40.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70211067.","productDescription":"Report: 31 p.; 1 Plate: 56.02 x 40.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376332,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sm/mag_map/mag_s_copy.jpg"},{"id":376331,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sm/mag_map/mag_book_508.pdf","text":"Booklet (text 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cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hernandez, Israel","contributorId":78398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Israel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kucks, Robert rkucks@usgs.gov","contributorId":723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"rkucks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miles, Warner","contributorId":64332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"Warner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pilkington, Mark","contributorId":86422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roberts, Carter","contributorId":44610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roest, Walter","contributorId":83555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rystrom, Victoria","contributorId":29887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rystrom","given":"Victoria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shearer, Sarah","contributorId":13691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Velez, Julio","contributorId":100941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velez","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70243110,"text":"70243110 - 2002 - 34 - State of stress in the Earth's lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T16:32:26.42226","indexId":"70243110","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T11:27:06","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5944,"text":"International Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"34 - State of stress in the Earth's lithosphere","docAbstract":"<p id=\"para10\">The state of stress in the lithosphere is the result of the forces acting upon and within it. Knowledge of the magnitude and distribution of these forces can be combined with mechanical, thermal and rheological constraints to examine a broad range of lithospheric deformational processes. For example, such knowledge contributes to a better understanding of the processes that both drive and inhibit lithospheric plate motions as well as the forces responsible for the occurrence of crustal earthquakes − both along plate boundaries and in intraplate regions.</p><p id=\"para20\"><span>Although the topic of this chapter is the state of stress in the Earth's lithosphere, the comments below come primarily from the perspective of the state of stress in the brittle&nbsp;upper crust. As defined by the depth of shallow earthquakes, the brittle crust extends to ˜15–20 km depth at most continental locations around the world. This perspective is adopted here because nearly all the data available on lithospheric stress come from the upper crust of continents. Furthermore, in the sections that follow, we argue that, to first order, the state of stress in the brittle crust results from relatively large-scale lithospheric processes so that knowledge of&nbsp;</span>crustal stress<span>&nbsp;</span>can be used to constrain the forces involved in these processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80237-6","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., and Zoback, M.L., 2002, 34 - State of stress in the Earth's lithosphere: International Geophysics, v. 81, no. Part A, p. 559-568, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80237-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"Part A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":29431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mary Lou","contributorId":42668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Lou","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243107,"text":"70243107 - 2002 - 35 - Strength and energetics of active fault zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T15:51:31.907933","indexId":"70243107","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T10:49:23","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5944,"text":"International Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"35 - Strength and energetics of active fault zones","docAbstract":"<p id=\"para10\"><span>The strength of active fault zones, i.e., the shear stress level required to cause fault slip, is fundamental to understanding the physics of earthquakes and to assessing&nbsp;earthquake hazard. Although many researchers have concluded that fault zones are weak (shear stresses 10 MPa or less averaged between 0 and ˜20 km depth), others maintain that faults are strong (˜100 MPa average of an approximate linear increase with depth). Thus, despite 30 y of dedicated research, relevant data remain inconclusive and fault strength remains uncertain by an order of magnitude. In part, this is because the main source of energy release in earthquakes is at depths greater than 5 km, inaccessible to direct instrumental observation. Very large&nbsp;earthquakes rupture&nbsp;to the Earth's surface where direct observation of the shallow rupture process is possible. However, the rupture characteristics at shallow depth may differ from those at seismogenic depths. To date no great (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≥ 7.75) earthquakes have occurred within a network of modern strong-motion instruments, but the large, well-recorded 1999 earthquakes in Turkey and Taiwan, both<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 7.6, show that this data gap is rapidly being filled. Furthermore, shear stress changes at the earthquake source (and the resulting seismic waves) are nearly linear perturbations of the absolute stress field. Thus, an unknown absolute background stress does not greatly affect the basic characteristics of the observed low frequency&nbsp;seismic waves&nbsp;and the observed geodetic deformation. Other, less-direct data must then be used to infer the physical state and ambient stress levels on active faults.</span></p><p id=\"para20\">This chapter discusses available evidence and current ideas about fault zone strength and energetics. In our review we begin by outlining the general physical conditions prevailing in the Earth around active faults and summarize the generally agreed upon observational features of faulting and earthquake occurrence (<span class=\"anchor-text\">Section 2</span>). In doing so we make as few assumptions as possible, because making uncertain assumptions may lead to logical inconsistencies and apparent paradoxes. For example, the absence of a measurable, frictionally generated heat flow anomaly near active faults, the so-called stress-heat flow paradox, rests upon assumptions that must somehow be incorrect. We wish to avoid such inconsistencies and to begin we introduce the observations and briefly state what they imply about fault zones. Subsequently, in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"anchor-text\">Sections 3–8</span>, we place these observations in an interpretative context and show how they have been used to infer various measures of fault shear stress.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"anchor-text\">Section 9</span><span>&nbsp;</span>summarizes our assessment of the average shear stress state near faults, argues for the general importance of stress heterogeneity in faulting processes, and discusses its implications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80238-8","usgsCitation":"Brune, J.N., and Thatcher, W.R., 2002, 35 - Strength and energetics of active fault zones: International Geophysics, v. 81, no. Part A, p. 569-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80238-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"Part A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brune, James N.","contributorId":76304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brune","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038035,"text":"70038035 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T09:55:58","indexId":"70038035","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T09:49:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002","docAbstract":"<p>Information is a resource for Native American governments, communities, organizations, and people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides technical expertise, reports, and other impartial information sources that benefit Native Americans interested in subsistence issues, water, land use, and the health of many parts of the environment. Native self-sufficiency, economic development, and conservation are cultivated through Native decisions informed with&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;data and analyses.</p><p>The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;works in cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, conducting research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, streamflow, biota, and other topics are available to American Indian and Alaska Native individuals and institutions. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2002. Some of these&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activities were carried out in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Others were conducted by Tribes, Tribal organizations, professional societies, and the&nbsp;USGS.</p><p>A growing number of Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations have begun using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested in and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking relevant data from the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;more frequently. Using digital technologies provides Tribal governments with additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;also recognizes that Tribal institutions have varying needs, interests, and capacities. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;strives to be sensitive to the unique circumstances of each of these institutions while supporting their self-driven evolution.</p><p>The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is responding to these needs by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of those governments to conduct scientific studies and improve scientific data management. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is working to make hiring such students easier, and, therefore, more likely, for&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;managers.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, as described in this report, there are several types of&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activities that involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands.</p><p>One type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;programs, that involves collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects typically last 2 or 3 years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some projects are funded through cooperative agreements, from monies provided to the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;by individual Tribal governments, or by the&nbsp;BIA. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;and the&nbsp;BIA&nbsp;are cooperating to use&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;information resources to benefit American Indian and Alaska Native peoples and their lands.</p><p>The second type of&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from one or more&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities,&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees help fulfill a mission of the&nbsp;USGS--to prove scientific relevance--while helping their fellow citizens. Increasingly, some of the educational activities are becoming parts of formal&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;projects.</p><p>USGS&nbsp;employees have also taken the initiative in assisting American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster awareness of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees participate.&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the&nbsp;USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.</p><p>Each part of the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;has a regional organizational structure, with Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. The regions work in concert with specific scientific disciplines to conduct the scientific mission of the&nbsp;USGS. The regional structure is intended to bring us closer to our customers; we hope that Native Americans and Alaska Natives will use the contacts listed at the end of this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038035","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002, xiii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038035.","productDescription":"xiii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba54e4b08c986b3280e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159733,"text":"70159733 - 2002 - Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T15:40:40.330185","indexId":"70159733","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>The contents of this Annual Report summarize results of monitoring and research from the 2001 field season. The report also contains a summary of nuisance grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) management actions.</p>\n<p>In addition to our normal monitoring, we completed an array of studies addressing the potential impacts of winter recreation on denning grizzly bears. This research was in response to a lawsuit filed against the Gallatin National Forest and subsequent need to develop a biological assessment addressing effects of snowmobile use on grizzly bears (Chemy 2001). Research results were also used by the National Park Service for a biological assessment and winter use plan (U.S. Department of the Interior 2001). The Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) was able to use existing data collected from collared bears to address several issues and data needs for both agencies. Denning chronology (Haroldson et al. 2002), denning areas (Podruzny et al. 2002), and grizzly distribution (Schwartz et al. 2002) were all addressed. Information from these studies was presented at the International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA) in Jackson Hole, Wyoming in 2001, and all 3 manuscripts have been officially accepted for publication in the journal <i>Ursus</i>. Abstracts are attached to this report (Appendices A, B. and C). Additionally, members of the study team participated in a workshop held by the National Park Service to develop monitoring protocols addressing the impacts of snowmobiles on wildlife (Graves and Reams 2001).</p>\n<p>The study team has also been working on issues associated with counts of unduplicated females with cubs-of-the-year (COY). These counts are used to establisha minimum population size, which is then used to establish mortality thresholds for the Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS) 1993). Efforts by the Study Team to calculate more statistically sound estimates of population size have been underway for sometime. Eberhardt and Knight (1996) applied a Peterson-type capturemark-recapture estimator to unduplicated counts, and Boyce et al. (1999) recommended a maximum likelihood method. These methods assumed equal sightability of families, which was unrealistic for the Yellowstone population. Consequently, Boyce et al. (2001) recommended using a negative binomial distribution but found that they obtained reasonable results only when the coefficient of variation among sightings was assumed to be constant overtime. This assumption is also difficult to justify.</p>\n<p>Recent work by the study team (Keating et al. 2002) evaluated the application of 7 nonparametric estimators to assess their performance in determining the number of females with COY in a given year. This work identified 2 estimators that performed well using Monte Carlo simulations over a range of sampling conditions deemed plausible for the Yellowstone population: Chao's estimator (Chao 1984) and the sample coverage estimator (Chao and Lee 1992, Lee and Chao 1994). This work was presented at the IBA meeting in Jackson and the manuscript has been accepted in the journal <i>Ursus</i>. An abstract of this work is attached to this annual report (Appendix D). We are currently refining the application of these techniques to expand the predicted number of females with COY into a total population estimate. We anticipate completion of that work in 2002 or 2003.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team","usgsCitation":"2002, Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2001: Annual Report, ii, 108 p.","productDescription":"ii, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406604,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6266a697d34e76103cce5808?f=__disk__43%2F51%2F53%2F435153d114cf50c50d39556306c18ed5c56aa2d3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.68701171875,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.27001953125,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.27001953125,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.68701171875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.68701171875,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf57e4b0112df6c62e48","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580266,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159907,"text":"70159907 - 2002 - Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T08:44:58","indexId":"70159907","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the BBS may not capture the presence of elusive waterbird species, the BBS is a standardized survey and the range maps, in many cases, represent the most consistent information available on species&rsquo; distributions. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The section on brood parasitism summarizes information on intra- and interspecific parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species&rsquo; nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species&rsquo; response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of wetland birds and their responses to habitat management is posted at the Web site mentioned below.</p>\n<p>This report has been downloaded from the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center WorldWide Web site, www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/wetbird/wetbird.htm. Please direct comments and suggestions to Douglas H. Johnson, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401; telephone: 701- 253-5539; fax: 701-253-5553; e-mail: Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70159907","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Johnson, D.H., Goldade, C., Church, J.O., and Euliss, B., 2002, Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159907.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159907.PNG"},{"id":312409,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159907/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c9e4b06a3ea36c569d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, James O.","contributorId":150063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Church","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024364,"text":"70024364 - 2002 - The use of U.S. Geological Survey CD-ROM-based petroleum assessments in undergraduate geology laboratories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T13:16:22.044217","indexId":"70024364","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of U.S. Geological Survey CD-ROM-based petroleum assessments in undergraduate geology laboratories","docAbstract":"<p>Domestic oil production is declining and United States reliance on imported oil is increasing. America will be faced with difficult decisions that address the strategic, economic, and political consequences of its energy resources shortage. The geologically literate undergraduate student needs to be aware of current and future United States energy issues. The U.S. Geological Survey periodically provides energy assessment data via digitally-formatted CD-ROM publications. These publications are free to the public, and are well suited for use in undergraduate geology curricula.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources (Digital Data Series or DDS-30) (Gautier and others, 1996) is an excellent resource for introducing students to the strategies of hydrocarbon exploration and for developing skills in problem-solving and evaluating real data. This paper introduces the reader to DDS-30, summarizes the essential terminology and methodology of hydrocarbon assessment, and offers examples of exercises or questions that might be used in the introductory classroom. The USGS contact point for obtaining DDS-30 and other digital assessment volumes is also provided. Completing the sample exercises in this report requires a copy of DDS-30.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-50.3.312","usgsCitation":"Eves, R.L., Davis, L., Dyman, T.S., and Takahashi, K.I., 2002, The use of U.S. Geological Survey CD-ROM-based petroleum assessments in undergraduate geology laboratories: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 50, no. 3, p. 312-321, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-50.3.312.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb15ce4b08c986b3252ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eves, R. L.","contributorId":90076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, L. E.","contributorId":23157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takahashi, K. I.","contributorId":65072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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