The U.S. Geological Survey began a multiyear regional assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system in 2010 as part of its ongoing regional assessments of groundwater availability of the principal aquifers of the Nation. The goals of this national assessment are to document effects of human activities on water levels and groundwater storage, explore climate variability effects on the regional water budget, and provide consistent and integrated information that is useful to those who use and manage the groundwater resource. As part of this nationwide assessment, the USGS evaluated available groundwater resources within the NACP aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province depends heavily on groundwater to meet agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs. The groundwater assessment of the NACP aquifer system included an evaluation of how water use has changed over time; this evaluation primarily used groundwater budgets and development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends.
This assessment focused on multiple spatial and temporal scales to examine changes in groundwater pumping, storage, and water levels. The regional scale provides a broad view of the sources and demands on the system with time. The sub-regional scale provides an evaluation of the differing response of the aquifer system across geographic areas allowing for closer examination of the interaction between different aquifers and confining units and the changes in these interactions under pumping and recharge conditions in 2013 and hydrologic stresses as much as 45 years in the future. By focusing on multiple scales, water-resource managers may utilize this study to understand system response to changes as they affect the system as a whole.
The NACP aquifer system extends from Long Island to northeastern North Carolina, and includes aquifers primarily within New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The seaward-dipping sedimentary wedge that underlies the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province forms a complex groundwater system. Although the NACP aquifer system is recognized by the U.S. Geological Survey as one of the smallest of the 66 principal aquifer systems in the Nation, it ranks 13th overall in terms of total groundwater withdrawals and is 7th in population served. Despite abundant precipitation [about 45 inches per year (in/yr)], the supply of fresh surface water in this region is limited because many of the surface waters in this area are brackish estuaries, contributing to why many communities in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province rely heavily on groundwater to meet their water needs.
Increases in population and changes in land use during the past 100 years have resulted in diverse increased demands for freshwater throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province with groundwater serving as a vital source of drinking water for the nearly 20 million people who live in the region. Total groundwater withdrawal in 2013 was estimated to be about 1,300 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) and accounts for about 40 percent of the drinking water supply with the densely populated areas tending to have the highest rates of withdrawals and, therefore, being most susceptible to effects from these withdrawals over time.
Water levels in many of the confined aquifers are decreasing by as much as 2 feet per year (ft/yr) in response to extensive development and subsequent increased withdrawals throughout the region. Total water-level decreases (drawdowns) are more than 100 feet (ft) in some aquifers from their predevelopment (before 1900) levels. These drawdowns extend across state lines and under the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, creating the potential for interstate aquifer management issues. Regional water-resources managers in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province face challenges beyond competing local domestic, industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands for water. Large changes in regional water use have made the State-level management of aquifer resources more difficult because of hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated to partially consolidated sediments that are typically thousands of feet thick along the coastline with a maximum thickness of about 10,000 ft near the edge of the continental shelf. The NACP aquifer system consists of nine confined aquifers and nine confining units capped by an unconfined surficial aquifer that is bounded laterally from the west by the contact between Coastal Plain sediments and the upland Piedmont bedrock. This aquifer system extends to the east to the limit of the Continental Shelf, however, the boundary between fresh and saline groundwater is considered to be much closer to the shoreline and varies vertically by aquifer.
Precipitation over the region for average conditions from 2005 to 2009 is about 61,800 Mgal/d, but about 70 percent of it is lost to evapotranspiration resulting in an inflow of about 19,600 Mgal/d entering the groundwater system as aquifer recharge. Most of this recharge enters the aquifer system and flows through the shallow unconfined aquifer and either discharges to streams or directly to coastal waters without reaching the deep, confined aquifer system. In addition to recharge from precipitation, other sources of water include the return of wastewater from domestic septic systems of about 240 Mgal/d, about 60 Mgal/d of water released from storage in the confined system, and about 30 Mgal/d of lateral inflow at the boundary between freshwater and saltwater in response to pumping for conditions in 2013.
The outflow needed to balance the inflows was subdivided between streamflow, discharge to tidal portions of streams, and coastal discharge. The hydrologic budget developed for current [2013] conditions determined that 93 percent of the total outflow was to surface waters with about 70 percent divided evenly between streamflow and shallow coastal discharge and 23 percent as discharge to tidal waters. The remaining 7 percent of the total outflow components include withdrawals from both the surficial and confined aquifers of the groundwater system.
The groundwater availability assessment of the NACP aquifer system highlights the importance of analyses at both the regional and local scales to understand how changes in land use, water use, and climate have affected groundwater resources and how these resources may change in the future. The investigation included assessments of the regional changes in water levels and budgets across State lines, the importance of considering storage change in the confining units, the response of the aquifer system to a continuation of current [2013] hydrologic stresses into the future, and the potential effects of climate change and sea-level rise on the aquifer system.
The Potomac aquifer group includes two of the most widely used aquifers in the NACP aquifer system, the Potomac-Patapsco and Potomac-Patuxent regional aquifers, providing about 24 percent of the total groundwater used in the region. Withdrawals from large pumping centers in this deep, confined aquifer group have resulted in substantial decreases in water-levels across state lines, particularly between southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina as well as between southern New Jersey and northern Delaware where water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer have decreased by as much as 200 ft and 50 ft, respectively from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. This response in water levels also is reflected in changes in water budgets where, for example, about 20 percent of the total response to pumping in Virginia is met by inducing flow from adjacent States. Understanding and quantifying these hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries is critical for the State- and regional-level management of aquifer resources.
The cumulative storage loss from the intervening confining units throughout the entire NACP aquifer system was about 35 percent of the total storage loss from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. In geographic areas such as Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, and New Jersey, the water released from storage in the confining units makes up the majority of the total storage release from the groundwater system and is becoming proportionally more important over time as the surficial aquifer approaches equilibrium with respect to pumping and recharge stresses as of 2013.
Storage loss from the confining units is of particular concern because, unlike in the sands that comprise the confined aquifers, water removed from the clayey confining unit sediments cannot be replenished as these units gradually compress. This non-recoverable storage loss, if great enough, can result in land subsidence where these units are thick and the release from storage is relatively large and contributes to increased concerns for sea-level rise in areas such as the lower portion of the Chesapeake Bay.
Groundwater usage increased dramatically in the NACP aquifer system during post-World War II era from the mid-1940s to early the 1980s, with withdrawals increasing from about 400 Mgal/d to more than 1,300 Mgal/d. Although groundwater withdrawals have been relatively constant since the early 1980s, about half of the total groundwater withdrawn from the NACP aquifer system since 1900 was withdrawn in the past 30 years. An analysis of the response of the groundwater system to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping for an additional 30 years into the future shows that the flow system continues to adjust in terms of changes in water budget components, water levels, and the boundary between freshwater and saltwater as it approaches equilibrium. The largest change in water budget components is the reduction in the amount of water released from storage.
Across the entire NACP aquifer system, the reduction of storage release from 7 to 4 percent of the total water budget change is accounted for by reductions in groundwater discharge to streams and coastal waters. Locally, a similar response is calculated for each of the geographic areas except for Virginia where the amount of water released from storage accounts for about 25 percent of the total change in water budget. This finding suggests that the groundwater flow system in Virginia is not approaching equilibrium under the current [2013] stresses and, therefore, water levels will continue to decrease even if the pumping remains constant.
An analysis of the change in water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer as pumping is continued 30 years into the future reveals that the largest decreases in water levels throughout the NACP aquifer system will occur in the southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina parts of the study area. It is these areas that also see the greatest potential for increased lateral movement of saline groundwater in the deep, confined portion of the groundwater flow system in response to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping rates.
The potential effects of long-term climate change and variability on the hydrologic system and availability of water resources in the NACP aquifer system continue to be of serious societal concern. These concerns include the effects of changes in aquifer recharge and in sea-level rise on the groundwater flow system. An assessment of the potential effects of a prolonged drought during current [2013] pumping conditions indicated that the reductions in recharge associated with droughts, including additional irrigation withdrawals required to meet increased crop water demand, have the greatest effects on water levels and streamflows in the surficial aquifer, and changes in water levels in the confined aquifers primarily resulted from the increased withdrawals associated with increased irrigation pumping; this response was most apparent in the Delmarva Peninsula. These results suggest that water levels may not be susceptible to the effects of droughts in the confined aquifers of the NACP aquifer system not used for irrigation, unlike in the unconfined surficial aquifer.
A second analysis also was conducted to assess the effects of sea-level rise on the groundwater system throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province because recent analyses of the relative rates of sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast indicate that the Mid-Atlantic region represents a hot spot with anomalously higher rates of sea-level rise than observed elsewhere in the United States. Groundwater levels rose from 0 to 3 ft in response to a 3-ft simulated change in sea-level position, with the largest response occurring along the shoreline and away from non-tidal streams. About 37 percent (or 10,000 square miles) of the area of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience about a 0.5-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position, whereas about 18 percent (almost 5,000 square miles) of land of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience a 2-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position.
These increases in the water table are of particular concern in low-lying areas where the unsaturated (vadose) zone is already thin, thus creating concerns for groundwater inundation of subsurface infrastructure, such as basements, septic systems, and subway systems. This increase in the water table also will likely alter the distribution of groundwater discharge to surface-water bodies thus increasing groundwater flow to streams that would have otherwise discharged directly to coastal waters. Throughout the NACP aquifer system, this redistribution of groundwater discharge results in an additional 2 percent of base flow in streams. Although the increases in groundwater discharge to streams (and corresponding decreases in discharge to coastal waters) calculated for the entire NACP aquifer system and its geographic areas represent only a small increase compared with current [2013] conditions, this redistribution of groundwater discharge from the coast to streams locally can alter the delivery of freshwater input to coastal receiving waters and have ecohydrological implications on the sensitive ecosystems which rely on a balance of groundwater discharge and surface-water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1829","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack, Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1829, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1829.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 76 p.; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067132","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326315,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326316,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326318,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System"},{"id":326317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/pp1829.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1829"},{"id":326886,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327883,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326885,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
The aquifers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain are the principal source of water supply for the region’s nearly 20 million residents. Water quality and water levels in the aquifers, and maintenance of streamflow, are of concern because of the use of this natural resource for water supply and because of the possible effects of climate change and changes in land use on groundwater. The long-term sustainability of this natural resource is a concern at the local community scale, as well as at a regional scale, across state boundaries. In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a regional assessment of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers. An important part of this assessment is a regional interpretation of the extent of saltwater and the proximity of saltwater to fresh-groundwater resources and includes samples and published interpretations of chloride concentrations newly available since the last regional chloride assessment in 1989. This updated assessment also includes consideration of chloride samples and refined interpretations that stem from the 1994 discovery of the buried 35 million year old Chesapeake Bay impact structure that has substantially altered the understanding of the hydrogeologic framework and saltwater distribution in eastern Virginia.
\nIn this study, the regional area of concern for the chloride samples and interpretations extends from the Fall Line in the west to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf in the east and from the eastern tip of Long Island in the north to about halfway down the North Carolina coast in the south. Discussions of chloride distribution are presented for each of the 10 regional aquifer layers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, including the offshore extents. Maps of interpreted lines of equal concentration or isochlors were manually prepared for nine of the regional aquifers; a map was not prepared for the surficial regional aquifer. The isochlor interpretations include the offshore extent of the nine regional aquifers and are presented on a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Vertically, the chloride samples and interpretations range from deepest (oldest) to shallowest (youngest)—Potomac-Patuxent, Potomac-Patapsco, Magothy, Matawan, Monmouth-Mount Laurel, Aquia, Piney Point, Lower Chesapeake, and Upper Chesapeake regional aquifers.
\nThe approach of this study maximizes the overall density of chloride information and data by assessing relevant published interpretations, all USGS chloride samples, and all relevant offshore samples in one comprehensive interpretation. Published isochlors, where they were interpreted by regional aquifer, were used as much as possible for this regional isochlor assessment. Publication dates for the isochlors used range from 1982 to 2015, and the scales for the isochlors range from local (county or municipality) to state (sub-regional) to regional. The USGS National Water Information System database provided well sample data for the parts of aquifers that are mainly beneath the land areas and yielded 37,517 water-quality records for 1903 through 2011. Published data reports from four phases of research-related offshore coring (1976, 1993, 1997, 2009) were the main source of water-quality data for the parts of aquifers from the shoreline to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf and yielded samples from multiple depths of each of 13 cores. This study also used interpretations and offshore core data from the last regional chloride assessment (1989) which, in addition to 7 offshore cores, included water-quality data from about 500 wells, and borehole geophysics interpretations from a subset of 11 wells. All published information and data that were used in this study were considered time independent and did not assess the published interpretations or data for temporal trends. The approach used here examined only published interpretations and available chloride data, and did not directly use supplemental techniques that can provide insight into the distribution of saltwater, such as geochemical characterization, borehole geophysical information, and geochronology.
\nIsochlor maps for this study are limited to manual interpretations of the 250-milligram per liter (mg/L) and 10,000-mg/L boundaries developed for 9 of the 10 regional aquifers that constitute the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. For a given aquifer, the approach was to initially consider published isochlor interpretations, where available, then to modify the published interpretations, if necessary, to the extent indicated by the well and core samples. The final step was to interpolate isochlors to the full extent of each aquifer layer in areas with sufficient samples or cited interpretations, or to extrapolate isochlors in areas with no samples or where samples were sparse.
\nThe principal limitation of this study is that, because of its regional extent, data and information density can vary greatly, and thus confidence in interpretations can vary widely for onshore and offshore areas across the study area. In areas of sparse data, some samples of elevated chloride could be misinterpreted as being part of a regional elevated chloride trend, and in other cases, an elevated concentration could be misinterpreted as being of only local importance. The interpretive work of this study was applied to a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Locations of isochlors, wells, cores, political boundaries, and shorelines are meant to be considered approximate.
\nThe isochlors presented in this study were manually interpreted for each aquifer unit as a conceptual representation of an equal concentration line approximately in the middle of an aquifer’s thickness. Differences in chloride concentration lines between the top and bottom of an aquifer could be substantial, especially for the thick parts of aquifers, but that information is not presented in this regional assessment.
\nAlthough additional offshore chloride data are available compared to 27 years ago (1989), the offshore information remains sparse, resulting in less confidence in the offshore interpretations than in the onshore interpretations. Regionally, the 250- and 10,000-mg/L isochlors tend to map progressively eastward from the deepest to the shallowest aquifers across the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system but with some exceptions. The additional data, conceptual understanding, and interpretations in the vicinity of the buried Chesapeake Bay impact structure in eastern Virginia resulted in substantial refinement of isochlors in that area. Overall, the interpretations in this study are updates of the previous regional study from 1989 but do not comprise major differences in interpretation and do not indicate regional movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface since then.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165034","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., 2016, Regional chloride distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034, 37 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165034.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Appendixes: 1 and 2; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068551","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326322,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326323,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326321,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":327881,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"1.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Offshore chloride concentrations [data]"},{"id":327882,"rank":13,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":327102,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326320,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034"},{"id":328112,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix1_metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 1 -","size":"23.3 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Offshore chloride concentrations [metadata]"},{"id":328113,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix2_metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 -","size":"23.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Isochlors for 250- and 10,000-mg/L concentrations [metadata]"},{"id":328023,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Isochlors for 250- and 10,000-mg/L concentrations [data]"},{"id":327101,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
The U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability of the area and included an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time from stresses related to human uses and climate trends. The assessment was necessary because of the substantial dependency on groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs in this area.
The three-dimensional, groundwater flow model developed for this investigation used the numerical code MODFLOW–NWT to represent changes in groundwater pumping and aquifer recharge from predevelopment (before 1900) to future conditions, from 1900 to 2058. The model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and geospatial information to represent the aquifer system geometry, boundaries, and hydraulic properties of the 19 separate regional aquifers and confining units within the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system and was calibrated using an inverse modeling parameter-estimation (PEST) technique.
The parameter estimation process was achieved through history matching, using observations of heads and flows for both steady-state and transient conditions. A total of 8,868 annual water-level observations from 644 wells from 1986 to 2008 were combined into 29 water-level observation groups that were chosen to focus the history matching on specific hydrogeologic units in geographic areas in which distinct geologic and hydrologic conditions were observed. In addition to absolute water-level elevations, the water-level differences between individual measurements were also included in the parameter estimation process to remove the systematic bias caused by missing hydrologic stresses prior to 1986. The total average residual of –1.7 feet was normally distributed for all head groups, indicating minimal bias. The average absolute residual value of 12.3 feet is about 3 percent of the total observed water-level range throughout the aquifer system.
Streamflow observation data of base flow conditions were derived for 153 sites from the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset Plus and National Water Information System. An average residual of about –8 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 21 cubic feet per second for a range of computed base flows of about 417 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 122 sites from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus. An average residual of about 10 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 34 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 568 flow measurements in the 31 sites obtained from the National Water Information System for a range in computed base flows of about 1,141 cubic feet per second.
The numerical representation of the hydrogeologic information used in the development of this regional flow model was dependent upon how the aquifer system and simulated hydrologic stresses were discretized in space and time. Lumping hydraulic parameters in space and hydrologic stresses and time-varying observational data in time can limit the capabilities of this tool to simulate how the groundwater flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses, particularly at the local scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165076","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076, 70 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165076.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070585","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":332513,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":326839,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":327889,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326840,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/sir20165076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 23, 2016","publicComments":"Version 1.1","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
Groundwater is the Nation’s principal reserve of freshwater. It provides about half our drinking water, is essential to food production, and facilitates business and industry in developing economic well-being. Groundwater is also an important source of water for sustaining the ecosystem health of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries throughout the country. The decreases in groundwater levels and other effects of pumping that result from large-scale development of groundwater resources have led to concerns about the future availability of groundwater to meet all our Nation’s needs. Assessments of groundwater availability provide the science and information needed by the public and decision makers to manage water resources and use them responsibly.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability as part of its ongoing assessments of the principal aquifers of the Nation. These regional studies are intended to provide citizens, communities, and natural resource managers with knowledge of the status of the Nation’s groundwater resources and how changes in land use, water use, and climate have affected and are likely to affect those resources now and in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163046","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., and Pope, J.P., 2016, Sustainability of groundwater supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3046, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163046.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071395","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326349,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326348,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326347,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326346,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3046/fs20163046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3046"},{"id":326344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3046/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326845,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326846,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":327885,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reintroduction of fish and wildlife populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Unviersity of California Press","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","isbn":"9780520284616","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J.B., White, R., Allen, C.S., Marcot, B.G., and Shively, D., 2016, The reintroduction landscape: Finding success at the intersection of ecological, social, and institutional dimensions, chap. 5 of Reintroduction of fish and wildlife populations.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062356","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520284616"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1afe4b0f2f0cebf11b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slotow, Rob","contributorId":174198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slotow","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647709,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Rollie","contributorId":174030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Rollie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Chris S","contributorId":174031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":152612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18944,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shively, Dan","contributorId":42341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176143,"text":"70176143 - 2016 - Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:13:26","indexId":"70176143","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"We assess erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico by identifying interdependencies among oceanographic drivers and probabilistically modeling the resulting potential for coastal change. Wave and water level observations are used to determine relationships between six hydrodynamic parameters that influence total water level and therefore erosion and flooding, through consideration of a wide range of univariate distribution functions and multivariate elliptical copulas. Using these relationships, we explore how different our interpretation of the present-day erosion/flooding risk could be if we had seen more or fewer extreme realizations of individual and combinations of parameters in the past by simulating 10,000 physically and statistically consistent sea-storm time series. We find that seasonal total water levels associated with the 100 year return period could be up to 3 m higher in summer and 0.6 m higher in winter relative to our best estimate based on the observational records. Impact hours of collision and overwash—where total water levels exceed the dune toe or dune crest elevations—could be on average 70% (collision) and 100% (overwash) larger than inferred from the observations. Our model accounts for non-stationarity in a straightforward, non-parametric way that can be applied (with little adjustments) to many other coastlines. The probabilistic model presented here, which accounts for observational uncertainty, can be applied to other coastlines where short record lengths limit the ability to identify the full range of possible wave and water level conditions that coastal mangers and planners must consider to develop sustainable management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JC011482","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Wahl, T., and Long, J.W., 2016, Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 121, no. 5, p. 3029-3043, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011482.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3043","ipdsId":"IP-070871","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393754/2/pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1abe4b0f2f0cebf11ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, Thomas","contributorId":141017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13653,"text":"University South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176157,"text":"70176157 - 2016 - Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:27:59","indexId":"70176157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","docAbstract":"Quantification of streamflow characteristics in ungauged catchments remains a challenge. Hydrological modeling is often used to derive flow time series and to calculate streamflow characteristics for subsequent applications that may differ from those envisioned by the modelers. While the estimation of model parameters for ungauged catchments is a challenging research task in itself, it is important to evaluate whether simulated time series preserve critical aspects of the streamflow hydrograph. To address this question, seven calibration objective functions were evaluated for their ability to preserve ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics of the average annual hydrograph using a runoff model, HBV-light, at 27 catchments in the southeastern United States. Calibration trials were repeated 100 times to reduce parameter uncertainty effects on the results, and 12 ecological flow characteristics were computed for comparison. Our results showed that the most suitable calibration strategy varied according to streamflow characteristic. Combined objective functions generally gave the best results, though a clear underprediction bias was observed. The occurrence of low prediction errors for certain combinations of objective function and flow characteristic suggests that (1) incorporating multiple ecological flow characteristics into a single objective function would increase model accuracy, potentially benefitting decision-making processes; and (2) there may be a need to have different objective functions available to address specific applications of the predicted time series.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydro-ecological modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","isbn":"978-3-03842-212-9","usgsCitation":"Vis, M., Knight, R., Poole, S., Wolfe, W.J., and Seibert, J., 2016, Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics, chap. of Hydro-ecological modeling, p. 256-281.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-079269","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328058,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/215"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1aae4b0f2f0cebf11ab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Breuer, Lutz","contributorId":174162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuer","given":"Lutz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Philipp","contributorId":174163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"Philipp","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Vis, Marc","contributorId":174146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vis","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Rodney 0000-0001-9588-0167 rrknight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0167","contributorId":152422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, Sandra","contributorId":174147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":174054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seibert, Jan","contributorId":176322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seibert","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176106,"text":"70176106 - 2016 - Forward","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:29:21","indexId":"70176106","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Forward","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the National Museum of Natural History: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 646","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.5479/si.19436696.646","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., and Helgen, K.M., 2016, Forward, chap. of Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the National Museum of Natural History: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 646, v. 646, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.646.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","ipdsId":"IP-068591","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"646","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a9e4b0f2f0cebf11a7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fisher, Robert D. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rdfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":3913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rdfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647596,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, Craig A.","contributorId":19045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647597,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Robert rpreynolds@usgs.gov","contributorId":174065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert","email":"rpreynolds@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helgen, Kristopher M.","contributorId":174066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helgen","given":"Kristopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27353,"text":"Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175747,"text":"70175747 - 2016 - Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T13:13:07","indexId":"70175747","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions","docAbstract":"Models of groundwater systems help to integrate knowledge about the natural and human system covering different spatial and temporal scales, often from multiple disciplines, in order to address a range of issues of concern to various stakeholders. A model is simply a tool to express what we think we know. Uncertainty, due to lack of knowledge or natural variability, means that there are always alternative models that may need to be considered. This chapter provides an overview of uncertainty in models and in the definition of a problem to model, highlights approaches to communicating and using predictions of uncertain outcomes and summarises commonly used methods to explore uncertainty in groundwater management predictions. It is intended to raise awareness of how alternative models and hence uncertainty can be explored in order to facilitate the integration of these techniques with groundwater management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated groundwater management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28","isbn":"978-3-319-23575-2","usgsCitation":"Guillaume, J.H., Hunt, R.J., Comunian, A., Fu, B., and Blakers, R.S., 2016, Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions, chap. of Integrated groundwater management, p. 711-737, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"737","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057337","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a9e4b0f2f0cebf11a9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, Anthony J. 0000-0001-5282-2215","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-2215","contributorId":173848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakeman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17939,"text":"The Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barreteau, Olivier","contributorId":173849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreteau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27301,"text":"IRSTEA - UMR G-EAU (France)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel","contributorId":173850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinaudo","given":"Jean-Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27302,"text":"BRGM (France)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, Andrew","contributorId":173851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13328,"text":"UNESCO-IHE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647608,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Guillaume, Joseph H. A.","contributorId":173856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillaume","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H. A.","affiliations":[{"id":6718,"text":"Aalto University, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comunian, Alessandro","contributorId":173857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comunian","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27304,"text":"University of New South Wales","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fu, Baihua 0000-0003-2494-0518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-0518","contributorId":174165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Baihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakers, Rachel S","contributorId":173858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blakers","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":27305,"text":"Australia National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176162,"text":"70176162 - 2016 - Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:21:53","indexId":"70176162","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region","docAbstract":"How closely do plant communities track climate? Research suggests that plant species converge toward similar environmental tolerances relative to the environments that they experience. Whether these patterns apply to severe environments or scale up to plant community-level patterns of relative climatic tolerances is poorly understood. Using estimates of species' climatic tolerances acquired from occurrence records, we determined the contributions of individual species' climatic niche breadths and environmental filtering to the relationships between community-average climatic tolerances and the local climates experienced by those communities.
Southwestern United States drylands.
Interspecific variation in niche breadth was assessed as a function of species' climatic optima (median climatic niche value). The relationships between climatic optima and tolerances were used as null expectations for the relationship between abundance-weighted mean climatic tolerances of communities and the local climate of that community. Deviations from this null expectation indicate that species with greater or lesser climatic tolerances are favoured relative to co-occurring species. The intensity of environmental filtering was estimated by comparing the range of climatic tolerances within each community to a null distribution generated from a random assembly algorithm.
The temperature niches of species were consistently symmetrical and of similar breadths, regardless of their temperature optima. In contrast, precipitation niches were skewed toward wetter conditions, and niche breadth increased with increasing precipitation optima. At the community level, relationships with climate were much stronger for temperature than for precipitation. Furthermore, cold and heat were stronger assembly filters than drought or precipitation, with the intensity of environmental filtering increasing at both ends of climatic gradients. Community-average climatic tolerances did deviate significantly from null expectations, indicating that species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances were favoured under certain conditions.
Despite strong water limitation of plant performance in dryland ecosystems, communities tracked variation in temperature much more closely, intimating strong responses to anticipated temperature increases. Furthermore, abundance distributions were biased toward species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances under different climatic conditions, but predictably so, indicating the need for assembly models that include processes other than simple environmental filtering.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Vegetation Science","publisherLocation":"Uppsala, Sweden","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12440","usgsCitation":"Butterfield, B.J., and Munson, S.M., 2016, Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 27, no. 5, p. 938-947, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12440.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"947","ipdsId":"IP-060796","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1afe4b0f2f0cebf11b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176185,"text":"70176185 - 2016 - Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T14:46:03","indexId":"70176185","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watershed","docAbstract":"Estimating streamwater solute loads is a central objective of many water-quality monitoring and research studies, as loads are used to compare with atmospheric inputs, to infer biogeochemical processes, and to assess whether water quality is improving or degrading. In this study, we evaluate loads and associated errors to determine the best load estimation technique among three methods (a period-weighted approach, the regression-model method, and the composite method) based on a solute's concentration dynamics and sampling frequency. We evaluated a broad range of varying concentration dynamics with stream flow and season using four dissolved solutes (sulfate, silica, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon) at five diverse small watersheds (Sleepers River Research Watershed, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Biscuit Brook Watershed, NY; Panola Mountain Research Watershed, GA; and Río Mameyes Watershed, PR) with fairly high-frequency sampling during a 10- to 11-yr period. Data sets with three different sampling frequencies were derived from the full data set at each site (weekly plus storm/snowmelt events, weekly, and monthly) and errors in loads were assessed for the study period, annually, and monthly. For solutes that had a moderate to strong concentration–discharge relation, the composite method performed best, unless the autocorrelation of the model residuals was <0.2, in which case the regression-model method was most appropriate. For solutes that had a nonexistent or weak concentration–discharge relation (modelR2 < about 0.3), the period-weighted approach was most appropriate. The lowest errors in loads were achieved for solutes with the strongest concentration–discharge relations. Sample and regression model diagnostics could be used to approximate overall accuracies and annual precisions. For the period-weighed approach, errors were lower when the variance in concentrations was lower, the degree of autocorrelation in the concentrations was higher, and sampling frequency was higher. The period-weighted approach was most sensitive to sampling frequency. For the regression-model and composite methods, errors were lower when the variance in model residuals was lower. For the composite method, errors were lower when the autocorrelation in the residuals was higher. Guidelines to determine the best load estimation method based on solute concentration–discharge dynamics and diagnostics are presented, and should be applicable to other studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1298","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Burns, D.A., Shanley, J.B., Yanai, R.D., Bae, K., Wild, A., Yang, Y., and Yi, D., 2016, Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watershed: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 6, e01298; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1298.","productDescription":"e01298; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-065579","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1298","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a3e4b0f2f0cebf119f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yanai, Ruth D.","contributorId":59720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bae, Kikang","contributorId":174183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bae","given":"Kikang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wild, Adam","contributorId":174184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wild","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, Yang","contributorId":174185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yi, Dong","contributorId":174186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yi","given":"Dong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176280,"text":"70176280 - 2016 - Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T12:42:34","indexId":"70176280","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2948,"text":"Open Fish Science Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed","docAbstract":"Understanding the habitat requirements of salmonids in streams is an important component of fisheries management. We examined the summer and autumn habitat use of yearling Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to available habitat in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed. Little interstream variation in trout habitat use was observed; the variation that did occur was largely due to differences between streams in available habitat in the autumn. In both streams, yearling Rainbow Trout utilized pool habitat and during periods of high stream discharge were associated with larger substrate that may provide a velocity barrier. These findings may assist resource managers in their efforts to protect and restore habitat for migratory Rainbow Trout in the Lake Ontario watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers","doi":"10.2174/1874401X01609010045","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McKenna, J., and Chalupnicki, M., 2016, Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed: Open Fish Science Journal, v. 9, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401X01609010045.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-075868","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01609010045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Grout Brook, Orwell Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.71296638907414\n ],\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.80295793799244\n ],\n [\n -76.23310089111328,\n 42.80295793799244\n ],\n [\n -76.23310089111328,\n 42.71296638907414\n ],\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.71296638907414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.5107129908437\n ],\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.611471040985286\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 43.611471040985286\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 43.5107129908437\n ],\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.5107129908437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a40e4b0571647cf8e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc 0000-0002-3792-9345 mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":173643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc","email":"mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176817,"text":"70176817 - 2016 - Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T14:10:01","indexId":"70176817","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"In landscapes underlain by ice-rich permafrost, the development of thermokarst landforms can have drastic impacts on ecosystem processes and human infrastructure. Here we describe the distribution of thermokarst landforms in the continuous permafrost zone of Arctic Alaska, analyze linkages to the underlying surficial geology, and discuss the vulnerability of different types of landscapes to future thaw. We identified nine major thermokarst landforms and then mapped their distributions in twelve representative study areas totaling 300-km2. These study areas differ in their geologic history, permafrost-ice content, and ground thermal regime. Results show that 63% of the entire study area is occupied by thermokarst landforms and that the distribution of thermokarst landforms and overall landscape complexity varies markedly with surficial geology. Areas underlain by ice-rich marine silt are the most affected by thermokarst (97% of total area), whereas areas underlain by glacial drift are least affected (14%). Drained thermokarst-lake basins are the most widespread thermokarst landforms, covering 33% of the entire study region, with greater prevalence in areas of marine silt (48% coverage), marine sand (47%), and aeolian silt (34%). Thermokarst-lakes are the second most common thermokarst landform, covering 16% of the study region, with highest coverage in areas underlain by marine silt (39% coverage). Thermokarst troughs and pits cover 7% of the study region and are the third most prevalent thermokarst landform. They are most common in areas underlain by deltaic sands and gravels (18% coverage) and marine sand (12%). Alas valleys are widespread in areas of aeolian silt (14%) located in gradually sloping uplands. Areas of marine silt have been particularly vulnerable to thaw in the past because they are ice-rich and have low-gradient topography facilitating the repeated development of thermokarst-lakes. In the future, ice-rich aeolian, upland terrain (yedoma) will be particularly susceptible to thaw because it still contains massive concentrations of ground ice in the form of syngenetic ice-wedges that have remained largely intact since the Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007","usgsCitation":"Farquharson, L.M., Mann, D.H., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., and Romanovsky, V., 2016, Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 273, p. 116-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"133","ipdsId":"IP-074641","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/41744/","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 68.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"273","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ff4bf7e4b0824b2d159765","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Farquharson L.M., Mann D.H., Grosse G., Jones B.M., Romanovsky V.E.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farquharson, Louise M.","contributorId":175206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquharson","given":"Louise","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":175207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir","contributorId":175208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175054,"text":"fs20163055 - 2016 - Streamflow of 2015—Water year national summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T09:41:28","indexId":"fs20163055","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-30T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3055","title":"Streamflow of 2015—Water year national summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2015 (October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015) in the context of the 86-year period 1930–2015, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program http://water.usgs.gov/nsip). The period 1930–2015 was used because prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.
In the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.
Each of the maps and graphs can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all of the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed. Rankings of streamflow are grouped into much-below normal, below normal, normal, above normal, and much-above normal, based on percentiles of flow (greater than 90 percent, 76–90 percent, 25–75 percent, 10–24 percent, and less than 10 percent, respectively) (http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/?id=ww_current). Some data used to produce maps and graphs are provisional and subject to change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163055","usgsCitation":"Jian, Xiaodong, Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S.J., 2016, Streamflow of 2015—Water year national summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3055, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163055.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075689","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3055/fs20163055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"609 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3055"},{"id":326772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3055/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","contact":"Office of Surface Water
U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
As an unbiased, multidisciplinary science organization, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is dedicated to the timely, relevant, and impartial study of the health of our ecosystems and environment, our natural resources, the impacts of climate and land-use change, and the natural hazards that affect our lives. Opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as recent graduates, to participate in USGS science are available in the selected programs described in this publication. Please note: U.S. citizenship is required for all government positions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip166","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Student and recent graduate employment opportunities: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 166, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip166.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077129","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327907,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/gip165","text":"GIP 165 -","description":"GIP 166","linkHelpText":"Grant Opportunities for Academic Research and Training"},{"id":327906,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0166/gip166.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 166"},{"id":327905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0166/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov
As an unbiased, multidisciplinary science organization, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is dedicated to the timely, relevant, and impartial study of the health of our ecosystems and environment, our natural resources, the impacts of climate and land-use change, and the natural hazards that affect our lives. Grant opportunities for researchers and faculty to participate in USGS science through the engagement of students are available in the selected programs described in this publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip165","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Grant opportunities for academic research and training: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 165, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip165.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077665","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327908,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/gip166","text":"GIP 166 -","linkHelpText":"Student and Recent Graduate Opportunities"},{"id":327902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0165/gip165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 165"},{"id":327901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0165/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov
Climate change and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are both important ecological threats. Evaluating their cumulative effects provides a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability to human activities, which would better inform policy decisions aimed to protect the sustainability of ecosystems. Our knowledge of the cumulative effects of these stressors is growing, but we lack an integrated understanding. In this Review, we describe how climate change alters key processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems related to nitrogen cycling and availability, and the response of ecosystems to nitrogen addition in terms of carbon cycling, acidification and biodiversity.
The prevalence and histopathology of neoplastic lesions were assessed in white suckerCatostomus commersonii captured at two Lake Michigan Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Sheboygan River and Milwaukee Estuary. Findings were compared to those observed at two non-AOC sites, the Root and Kewaunee rivers. At each site, approximately 200 adult suckers were collected during their spawning migration. Raised skin lesions were observed at all sites and included discrete white spots, mucoid plaques on the body surface and fins and large papillomatous lesions on lips and body. Microscopically, hyperplasia, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma were documented. Liver neoplasms were also observed at all sites and included both hepatocellular and biliary tumours. Based on land use, the Kewaunee River was the site least impacted by human activities previously associated with fish tumours and had significantly fewer liver neoplasms when compared to the other sites. The proportion of white suckers with liver tumours followed the same patterns as the proportion of urban land use in the watershed: the Milwaukee Estuary had the highest prevalence, followed by the Root, Sheboygan and Kewaunee rivers. The overall skin neoplasm (papilloma and carcinoma) prevalence did not follow the same pattern, although the percentage of white suckers with squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a similar relationship to land use. Testicular tumours (seminoma) were observed at both AOC sites but not at the non-AOC sites. Both skin and liver tumours were significantly and positively associated with age but not sex.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.12520","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Walsh, H., Braham, R., Hahn, C.M., Mazik, P., and McIntyre, P., 2016, Tumours in white suckers from Lake Michigan tributaries: Pathology and prevalence: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 40, no. 3, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12520.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073605","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12520","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c54ea1e4b0f2f0cebc9874","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jfd.12520","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12520","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Blazer V S, Walsh H L, Braham R P, Hahn C M, Mazik P, McIntyre P B","journalName":"Journal of Fish Diseases","publicationDate":"8/24/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"8/24/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, H.L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":15927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"H.L.","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braham, R.P.","contributorId":65378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braham","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hahn, C. M.","contributorId":174103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hahn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazik, P.","contributorId":22145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntyre, P.B.","contributorId":30738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176125,"text":"70176125 - 2016 - Allometric and temporal scaling of movement characteristics in Galapagos tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T10:33:53","indexId":"70176125","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allometric and temporal scaling of movement characteristics in Galapagos tortoises","docAbstract":"Advances in understanding the factors that limit a species’ range, particularly in the context of climate change, have come disproportionately through investigations at range edges or margins. The margins of a species’ range might often correspond with anomalous microclimates that confer habitat suitability where the species would otherwise fail to persist. We addressed this hypothesis using data from an interior, climatic range margin of the American pika (Ochotona princeps), an indicator of relatively cool, mesic climates in rocky habitats of western North America. Pikas in Lava Beds National Monument, northeastern California, USA, occur at elevations much lower than predicted by latitude and longitude. We hypothesized that pika occurrence within Lava Beds would be associated primarily with features such as “ice caves” in which sub-surface ice persists outside the winter months. We used data loggers to monitor sub-surface temperatures at cave entrances and at non-cave sites, confirming that temperatures were cooler and more stable at cave entrances. We surveyed habitat characteristics and evidence of pika occupancy across a random sample of cave and non-cave sites over a 2-yr period. Pika detection probability was high (~0.97), and the combined occupancy of cave and non-cave sites varied across the 2 yr from 27% to 69%. Contrary to our hypothesis, occupancy was not higher at cave sites. Vegetation metrics were the best predictors of site use by pikas, followed by an edge effect and elevation. The importance of vegetation as a predictor of pika distribution at this interior range margin is congruent with recent studies from other portions of the species’ range. However, we caution that vegetation composition depends on microclimate, which might be the proximal driver of pika distribution. The microclimates available in non-cave crevices accessible to small animals have not been characterized adequately for lava landscapes. We advocate innovation in the acquisition and use of microclimatic data for understanding the distributions of many taxa. Appropriately scaled microclimatic data are increasingly available but rarely used in studies of range dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1379","usgsCitation":"Ray, C., Beever, E., and Rodhouse, T., 2016, Distribution of a climate-sensitive species at an interior range margin: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 6, e01379; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1379.","productDescription":"e01379; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-067004","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1379","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c54e9ee4b0f2f0cebc9864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Chris","contributorId":150148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17921,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":147685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik A.","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176123,"text":"70176123 - 2016 - Niche shifts and energetic condition of songbirds in response to phenology of food-resource availability in a high-elevation sagebrush ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:12:26","indexId":"70176123","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niche shifts and energetic condition of songbirds in response to phenology of food-resource availability in a high-elevation sagebrush ecosystem","docAbstract":"Seasonal fluctuations in food availability can affect diets of consumers, which in turn may influence the physiological state of individuals and shape intra- and inter-specific patterns of resource use. High-elevation ecosystems often exhibit a pronounced seasonal “pulse” in productivity, although few studies document how resource use and energetic condition by avian consumers change in relation to food-resource availability in these ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that seasonal increases (pulses) in food resources in high-elevation sagebrush ecosystems result in 2 changes after the pulse, relative to the before-pulse period: (1) reduced diet breadth of, and overlap between, 2 sympatric sparrow species; and (2) enhanced energetic condition in both species. We tracked breeding-season diets using stable isotopes and energetic condition using plasma metabolites of Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and their food resources during 2011, and of only Brewer's Sparrows and their food resources during 2013. We quantify diet breadth and overlap between both species, along with coincident physiological consequences of temporal changes in resource use. After invertebrate biomass increased following periods of rainfall in 2011, dietary breadth decreased by 35% in Brewer's Sparrows and by 48% in Vesper Sparrows, while dietary overlap decreased by 88%. Energetic condition of both species increased when dietary overlap was lower and diet breadth decreased, after the rapid rise of food-resource availability. However, energetic condition of Brewer's Sparrows remained constant in 2013, a year with low precipitation and lack of a strong pulse in food resources, even though the species' dietary breadth again decreased that year. Our results indicate that diet breadth and overlap in these sparrow species inhabiting sagebrush ecosystems generally varied as predicted in relation to intra- and interannual changes in food resources, and this difference in diet was associated with improved energetic condition of sparrows at least in one year.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-16-4.1","usgsCitation":"Cutting, K.A., Anderson, M.L., Beever, E., Schroff, S., Korb, N., Klaphake, E., and McWilliams, S.R., 2016, Niche shifts and energetic condition of songbirds in response to phenology of food-resource availability in a high-elevation sagebrush ecosystem: The Auk, v. 133, no. 4, p. 685-697, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-16-4.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-060109","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-4.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c54e9fe4b0f2f0cebc986a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cutting, Kyle A.","contributorId":44479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutting","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Michelle L.","contributorId":174095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27357,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Montana Western, Dillon, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":147685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik A.","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroff, Sean","contributorId":174096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroff","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27358,"text":"Dept. of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Korb, Nathan","contributorId":174097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korb","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27359,"text":"The Nature Conservancy, Helena, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaphake, Eric","contributorId":174098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaphake","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27360,"text":"Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McWilliams, Scott R.","contributorId":172328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWilliams","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176124,"text":"70176124 - 2016 - Toward an integrated understanding of perceived biodiversity values and environmental conditions in a national park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T11:11:52","indexId":"70176124","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward an integrated understanding of perceived biodiversity values and environmental conditions in a national park","docAbstract":"In spatial planning and management of protected areas, increased priority is being given to research that integrates social and ecological data. However, public viewpoints of the benefits provided by ecosystems are not easily quantified and often implicitly folded into natural resource management decisions. Drawing on a spatially explicit participatory mapping exercise and a Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) analysis tool, the present study empirically examined and integrated social values for ecosystem services and environmental conditions within Channel Islands National Park, California. Specifically, a social value indicator of perceived biodiversity was examined using on-site survey data collected from a sample of people who visited the park. This information was modeled alongside eight environmental conditions including faunal species richness for six taxa, vegetation density, categories of marine and terrestrial land cover, and distance to features relevant for decision-makers. Results showed that biodiversity value points assigned to places by the pooled sample of respondents were widely and unevenly mapped, which reflected the belief that biodiversity was embodied to varying degrees by multiple locations in the park. Models generated for two survey subgroups defined by their self-reported knowledge of the Channels Islands revealed distinct spatial patterns of these perceived values. Specifically, respondents with high knowledge valued large spaces that were publicly inaccessible and unlikely to contain on-ground biodiversity, whereas respondents with low knowledge valued places that were experienced first-hand. Accessibility and infrastructure were also important considerations for anticipating how and where people valued the protected land and seascapes of Channel Islands National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.029","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C.J., Kyle, G.T., Sherrouse, B.C., Bagstad, K.J., and Sutton, S., 2016, Toward an integrated understanding of perceived biodiversity values and environmental conditions in a national park: Ecological Indicators, v. 72, p. 278-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.029.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058049","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park, Santa Cruz Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.65209960937501,\n 34.02648590051866\n ],\n [\n -119.62875366210938,\n 34.02990029603909\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 34.04014265821752\n ],\n [\n -119.61090087890625,\n 34.057210513510306\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 34.064036693555465\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 34.06517433677496\n ],\n [\n -119.54910278320312,\n 34.06517433677496\n ],\n [\n -119.52301025390624,\n 34.04924594193161\n ],\n [\n -119.5037841796875,\n 34.03672867489511\n ],\n [\n -119.52438354492186,\n 34.01738017414996\n ],\n [\n -119.53536987304688,\n 34.00144280255186\n ],\n [\n -119.55459594726561,\n 33.98322500128355\n ],\n [\n -119.58755493164061,\n 33.98208625901939\n ],\n [\n -119.62051391601564,\n 33.98208625901939\n ],\n [\n -119.65209960937501,\n 33.97866994069442\n ],\n [\n -119.68231201171876,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -119.74411010742186,\n 33.95361274499209\n ],\n [\n -119.77981567382812,\n 33.95361274499209\n ],\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 33.95475186857191\n ],\n [\n -119.83612060546874,\n 33.96044725772099\n ],\n [\n -119.85946655273438,\n 33.96500329452543\n ],\n [\n -119.8773193359375,\n 33.97183689217048\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 33.99119576995599\n ],\n [\n -119.89929199218749,\n 34.01168859910852\n ],\n [\n -119.89242553710938,\n 34.033314554166765\n ],\n [\n -119.92813110351561,\n 34.048108084909835\n ],\n [\n -119.93911743164062,\n 34.067449577393454\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 34.08792399342335\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -119.8773193359375,\n 34.0833745509365\n ],\n [\n -119.85671997070312,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -119.82650756835938,\n 34.068587174791965\n ],\n [\n -119.80316162109374,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -119.7784423828125,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -119.74960327148438,\n 34.064036693555465\n ],\n [\n -119.72076416015625,\n 34.05493499798558\n ],\n [\n -119.69467163085936,\n 34.04469442222683\n ],\n [\n -119.66995239257812,\n 34.03445260967645\n ],\n [\n -119.65209960937501,\n 34.02648590051866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c54ea1e4b0f2f0cebc9872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Carena J.","contributorId":42827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Riper","given":"Carena","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyle, Gerard T.","contributorId":69405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C. 0000-0002-5102-5895 bcsherrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-5895","contributorId":2445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"bcsherrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, Stephen G.","contributorId":14685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175283,"text":"sir20165113 - 2016 - Sediment oxygen demand in eastern Kansas streams, 2014 and 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T09:38:04","indexId":"sir20165113","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5113","title":"Sediment oxygen demand in eastern Kansas streams, 2014 and 2015","docAbstract":"Dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams are affected by physical, chemical, and biological factors in the water column and streambed, and are an important factor for the survival of aquatic organisms. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) rates in Kansas streams are not well understood. During 2014 and 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, measured SOD at eight stream sites in eastern Kansas to quantify SOD rates and variability with respect to season, land use, and bottom-sediment characteristics. Sediment oxygen demand rates (SODT) ranged from 0.01 to 3.15 grams per square meter per day at the ambient temperature of the measurements. The summer mean SOD rate was 3.0-times larger than the late fall mean rate, likely because of increased biological activity at warm water temperatures. Given the substantial amount of variability in SOD rates possible within sites, heterogeneity of substrate type is an important consideration when designing SOD studies and interpreting the results. Sediment oxygen demand in eastern Kansas streams was correlated with land use and streambed-sediment characteristics, though the strength of relations varied seasonally. The small number of study sites precluded a more detailed analysis. The effect of basin land use and streambed sediment characteristics on SOD is currently (2016) not well understood, and there may be many contributing factors including basin influences on water quality that affect biogeochemical cycles and the biological communities supported by the stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., King, L.R., and Graham, J.L., 2016, Sediment oxygen demand in eastern Kansas streams, 2014 and 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5113, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165113.","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073750","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438558,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610XG8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sediment Oxygen Demand Data for Eastern Kansas Streams, August 2014 through December 2015"},{"id":327850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5113/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5113/sir20165113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5113"},{"id":327852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7610XG8","text":"USGS data release - Sediment Oxygen Demand Data for Eastern Kansas Streams, August 2014 through December 2015","description":"USGS Data Release"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.541116,36.999573],[-99.648652,36.999604],[-99.657658,37.000197],[-99.875409,37.001659],[-99.995201,37.001631],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-100.193754,37.002133],[-100.552683,37.000735],[-100.734517,36.999059],[-100.756894,36.999357],[-100.855634,36.998626],[-100.904274,36.998745],[-100.945469,36.998153],[-101.012641,36.998176],[-101.359674,36.996232],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-101.904176,40.003162],[-101.841025,40.002784],[-101.409953,40.002354],[-101.324036,40.002696],[-100.937427,40.002145],[-100.75883,40.002302],[-100.66023,40.002162],[-100.645445,40.001883],[-100.196959,40.001494],[-99.990926,40.001503],[-99.948167,40.001813],[-99.930433,40.001516],[-99.813401,40.0014],[-99.772121,40.001804],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-99.746628,40.00182],[-99.49766,40.001912],[-99.423565,40.00227],[-99.412645,40.001868],[-99.282967,40.001879],[-99.018701,40.002333],[-98.710404,40.00218],[-98.690287,40.002548],[-98.652494,40.002245],[-98.64071,40.002493],[-98.560578,40.002274],[-98.274017,40.002516],[-98.250008,40.002307],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-98.099659,40.002227],[-97.838379,40.00191],[-97.777155,40.002167],[-97.510264,40.001835],[-97.369199,40.00206],[-97.20231,40.001442],[-97.142448,40.001495],[-97.137866,40.001814],[-97.049663,40.001323],[-96.916093,40.001506],[-96.622401,40.001158],[-96.610349,40.000881],[-96.467536,40.001035],[-96.125937,40.000432],[-96.02409,40.000719],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-95.308404,39.993758],[-95.30778,39.990618],[-95.307111,39.989114],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.289715,39.977706],[-95.274757,39.972115],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.261854,39.960618],[-95.257652,39.954886],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.241383,39.944949],[-95.236761,39.943931],[-95.231114,39.943784],[-95.220212,39.944433],[-95.21644,39.943953],[-95.213737,39.943206],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201277,39.934194],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.20201,39.922438],[-95.205745,39.915169],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.206196,39.909557],[-95.205733,39.908275],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.193816,39.90069],[-95.189565,39.899959],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.172296,39.902026],[-95.159834,39.906984],[-95.156024,39.907243],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.146055,39.904183],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.142563,39.897992],[-95.142445,39.89542],[-95.143403,39.889356],[-95.142718,39.885889],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.137092,39.878351],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.105912,39.869164],[-95.090158,39.86314],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.052535,39.864374],[-95.042142,39.864805],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.025422,39.876711],[-95.025119,39.878833],[-95.025947,39.886747],[-95.02524,39.8897],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.018743,39.897372],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.003819,39.900401],[-94.990284,39.89701],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-94.977749,39.897472],[-94.963345,39.901136],[-94.959276,39.901671],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.943867,39.89813],[-94.934493,39.893366],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.927897,39.886112],[-94.927359,39.883966],[-94.927252,39.880258],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.931463,39.872602],[-94.938791,39.866954],[-94.940743,39.86441],[-94.942407,39.861066],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.937655,39.849786],[-94.92615,39.841322],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.909942,39.834426],[-94.903157,39.83385],[-94.892677,39.834378],[-94.889493,39.834026],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.881013,39.828922],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.877044,39.823754],[-94.876544,39.820594],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-94.880932,39.797338],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.892965,39.791098],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.932726,39.786282],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.935302,39.77561],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.929653,39.769098],[-94.926229,39.76649],[-94.916789,39.760938],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.899156,39.761258],[-94.895268,39.76321],[-94.883924,39.770186],[-94.88146,39.771258],[-94.871144,39.772994],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.867143,39.771694],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.863143,39.767294],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.859443,39.753694],[-94.860371,39.74953],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.870143,39.734594],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.884143,39.726794],[-94.891744,39.724894],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.910068,39.725786],[-94.918324,39.728794],[-94.930005,39.73537],[-94.939221,39.741578],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.95263,39.745961],[-94.955286,39.745689],[-94.960086,39.743065],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.970422,39.732121],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.971078,39.723146],[-94.968453,39.707402],[-94.968981,39.692954],[-94.969909,39.68905],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.976325,39.68137],[-94.981557,39.678634],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.993557,39.67657],[-95.001379,39.676479],[-95.009023,39.675765],[-95.01531,39.674262],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.037464,39.652905],[-95.039049,39.649639],[-95.044554,39.64437],[-95.049518,39.637876],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.054925,39.624995],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053012,39.613965],[-95.047911,39.606288],[-95.046445,39.601606],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.047165,39.595117],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.054804,39.582488],[-95.056897,39.580567],[-95.059519,39.579132],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.07216,39.576122],[-95.076688,39.576764],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.095736,39.580618],[-95.099095,39.579691],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.106406,39.575252],[-95.107454,39.573843],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.113557,39.553941],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.106596,39.537657],[-95.102888,39.533347],[-95.092704,39.524241],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.077441,39.513552],[-95.059461,39.506143],[-95.05638,39.503972],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.050552,39.497514],[-95.049845,39.494415],[-95.04837,39.48042],[-95.047133,39.474971],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.033408,39.460876],[-95.028498,39.458287],[-95.015825,39.452809],[-94.995768,39.448174],[-94.990172,39.446192],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.978798,39.436241],[-94.976606,39.426701],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.966066,39.417288],[-94.954817,39.413844],[-94.951209,39.411707],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.946662,39.399717],[-94.946227,39.395648],[-94.945577,39.393851],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.937158,39.386531],[-94.933652,39.385546],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.919225,39.385174],[-94.915859,39.386348],[-94.909581,39.388865],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.891845,39.393313],[-94.888972,39.392432],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.879088,39.375703],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.885216,39.366911],[-94.890928,39.364031],[-94.896832,39.363135],[-94.899024,39.362431],[-94.902497,39.360383],[-94.907297,39.356735],[-94.909409,39.354255],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.908065,39.323663],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.903137,39.306272],[-94.900049,39.300192],[-94.895217,39.294208],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.882576,39.283328],[-94.87832,39.281136],[-94.867568,39.277841],[-94.857072,39.273825],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.837855,39.262417],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.827487,39.249889],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.826111,39.238289],[-94.827791,39.234001],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.833552,39.217794],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.820687,39.208626],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.799663,39.206018],[-94.787343,39.207666],[-94.783838,39.207154],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.777838,39.203522],[-94.775543,39.200609],[-94.770338,39.190002],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.752338,39.173203],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.736537,39.169203],[-94.723637,39.169003],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.696332,39.178563],[-94.687236,39.183503],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.660315,39.168051],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.650735,39.154103],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.623934,39.156603],[-94.615834,39.160003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.596033,39.157703],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.592533,39.135903],[-94.600434,39.128503],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-94.607034,39.119404],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.607234,39.065704],[-94.608334,38.981806],[-94.608134,38.940006],[-94.607866,38.937398],[-94.608033,38.847207],[-94.607625,38.82756],[-94.611602,38.635384],[-94.611465,38.625011],[-94.611858,38.620485],[-94.611887,38.580139],[-94.612176,38.576546],[-94.612157,38.549817],[-94.613365,38.403422],[-94.613312,38.364407],[-94.612673,38.314832],[-94.612658,38.217649],[-94.613856,38.149769],[-94.614212,37.992462],[-94.614465,37.987799],[-94.614612,37.944362],[-94.617721,37.77297],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.617651,37.687671],[-94.617885,37.682214],[-94.616789,37.52151],[-94.618505,37.181184],[-94.617875,37.056798],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.625224,36.998672],[-94.83128,36.998812],[-95.049499,36.99958],[-95.80798,36.999124],[-95.91018,36.999336],[-96.00081,36.99886],[-96.394272,36.999221],[-96.500288,36.998643],[-96.73659,36.999286],[-96.749838,36.998988],[-96.79206,36.99918],[-96.795199,36.99886],[-96.822791,36.999182],[-96.87629,36.999233],[-97.46228,36.998685],[-97.606549,36.998682],[-97.637137,36.99909],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-98.354073,36.997961],[-98.408991,36.998513],[-98.544872,36.998997],[-98.714512,36.99906],[-98.761597,36.999425],[-98.880009,36.999263],[-99.029337,36.999595],[-99.049695,36.999221],[-99.277506,36.999579],[-99.375391,37.000177],[-99.407015,36.999579],[-99.541116,36.999573]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kansas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-08-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c54e9fe4b0f2f0cebc986c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Lindsey R.","contributorId":73693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Lindsey R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175998,"text":"ds1009 - 2016 - Groundwater quality at the Saline Valley Conservancy District well field, Gallatin County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T09:59:58","indexId":"ds1009","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Groundwater quality at the Saline Valley Conservancy District well field, Gallatin County, Illinois","docAbstract":"
The Saline Valley Conservancy District (SVCD) operates wells that supply water to most of the water users in Saline and Gallatin Counties, Illinois. The SVCD wells draw water from a shallow sand and gravel aquifer located in close proximity to an abandoned underground coal mine, several abandoned oil wells, and at least one operational oil well. The aquifer that yields water to the SVCD wells overlies the New Albany Shale, which may be subjected to shale-gas exploration by use of hydraulic fracturing. The SVCD has sought technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize baseline water quality at the SVCD well field so that future changes in water quality (if any) and the cause of those changes (including mine leachate and hydraulic fracturing) can be identified.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Saline Valley Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Gorczynska, Magdalena, and Kay, R.T., 2016, Groundwater quality at the Saline Valley Conservancy District well field, Gallatin County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1009, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1009.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068668","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1009/ds1009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"300 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Gallatin County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.0897,37.8995],[-88.0882,37.8966],[-88.0864,37.8931],[-88.0841,37.8904],[-88.0831,37.8892],[-88.0818,37.8876],[-88.079,37.884],[-88.0767,37.8803],[-88.0739,37.8766],[-88.0721,37.8735],[-88.0689,37.8691],[-88.0666,37.8652],[-88.0625,37.8598],[-88.0558,37.8557],[-88.0499,37.8531],[-88.0411,37.8495],[-88.0329,37.8469],[-88.0304,37.8457],[-88.0278,37.8444],[-88.0251,37.8417],[-88.024,37.8389],[-88.0239,37.8363],[-88.0239,37.8357],[-88.0252,37.8317],[-88.0262,37.8306],[-88.0267,37.8302],[-88.0276,37.8296],[-88.0293,37.829],[-88.0326,37.8276],[-88.0331,37.8274],[-88.0377,37.8265],[-88.0418,37.826],[-88.0474,37.8265],[-88.0503,37.8271],[-88.0523,37.8276],[-88.0588,37.8303],[-88.0652,37.8325],[-88.0677,37.8334],[-88.0723,37.8349],[-88.0758,37.8355],[-88.0793,37.835],[-88.0822,37.8336],[-88.0833,37.8318],[-88.0838,37.829],[-88.0837,37.8261],[-88.0836,37.8251],[-88.0821,37.8211],[-88.0819,37.8205],[-88.0794,37.8155],[-88.0772,37.8118],[-88.0763,37.8106],[-88.0711,37.8077],[-88.0659,37.8059],[-88.0612,37.8053],[-88.0566,37.8062],[-88.053,37.8075],[-88.0501,37.8093],[-88.049,37.8097],[-88.0466,37.8106],[-88.0421,37.8117],[-88.0413,37.8118],[-88.0367,37.8119],[-88.0351,37.8116],[-88.0333,37.8111],[-88.031,37.8098],[-88.03,37.8086],[-88.0292,37.8072],[-88.0281,37.804],[-88.0277,37.8023],[-88.027,37.799],[-88.03,37.795],[-88.0309,37.7919],[-88.0316,37.7881],[-88.0326,37.7829],[-88.0331,37.7805],[-88.0352,37.7698],[-88.0408,37.7619],[-88.0417,37.7606],[-88.0531,37.7445],[-88.0644,37.7365],[-88.0836,37.728],[-88.0854,37.7271],[-88.0953,37.7227],[-88.1036,37.7183],[-88.1182,37.7105],[-88.1317,37.6979],[-88.1478,37.6776],[-88.1528,37.67],[-88.1541,37.6672],[-88.1552,37.6645],[-88.1565,37.6591],[-88.1566,37.6564],[-88.1566,37.6541],[-88.1567,37.6484],[-88.1534,37.638],[-88.1527,37.6358],[-88.1425,37.6132],[-88.1414,37.6106],[-88.1371,37.5961],[-88.1335,37.5836],[-88.1301,37.579],[-88.1233,37.5717],[-88.1354,37.5773],[-88.1481,37.5765],[-88.1528,37.5775],[-88.1568,37.5789],[-88.1647,37.5912],[-88.167,37.5935],[-88.1699,37.5958],[-88.1907,37.6024],[-88.2075,37.6025],[-88.2604,37.6031],[-88.3719,37.6028],[-88.3718,37.6894],[-88.3721,37.7039],[-88.3739,37.7783],[-88.3732,37.8648],[-88.3742,37.9097],[-88.3311,37.9102],[-88.3071,37.9123],[-88.2634,37.9118],[-88.2482,37.9121],[-88.2295,37.9128],[-88.2126,37.9117],[-88.1362,37.9127],[-88.1349,37.9173],[-88.1193,37.9089],[-88.11,37.9056],[-88.106,37.902],[-88.1026,37.8979],[-88.0998,37.8933],[-88.0975,37.8919],[-88.0951,37.8923],[-88.0897,37.8995]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gallatin\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, Illinois 61801