GcClust is a software package developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for statistical clustering of regional geochemical data, and similar data such as regional mineralogical data. Functions within the software package are written in the R statistical programming language. These functions, their documentation, and a copy of the user’s guide are bundled together in R’s unit of sharable code, which is called a “package.” The user’s guide includes step-by-step instructions showing how the functions are used to cluster data and to evaluate the clustering results. These functions are demonstrated in this report using test data, which are included in the package.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Computer Programs in Book 7: Automated Data Processing and Computations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C13","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J, and Smith, D.B., 2016, User's guide for GcClust—An R package for clustering of regional geochemical data: U.S. Geological Survey report Techniques and Methods 7–C13, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm7c13.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Installation Instructions; Example R Scripts; GcClust; Read Me File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072334","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://github.com/USGS-R/GcClust","text":"GcClust Source Code","description":"TM 7-C13GcClust Source Code"},{"id":319810,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/GcClust_1.0.tar.gz","text":"GcClust","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"TM 7-C13 GcClust"},{"id":319809,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/ProcessScripts.R","text":"Example R scripts","size":"6.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Example R scripts"},{"id":319808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/InstallationInstructions.txt","text":"Installation Instructions","size":"2.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Installation Instructions"},{"id":319807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/00ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me File","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Read Me"},{"id":319806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/tm7c13.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 7-C13"},{"id":319805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 13 of Section C: Computer Programs in Book 7: Automated Data Processing and Computations.","contact":"Center Director, USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources
Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
Debris flow magnitudes and frequencies are compared across the Upper Colorado River valley to assess influences on debris flow occurrence and to evaluate valley geometry effects on sediment persistence. Dendrochronology, field mapping, and aerial photographic analysis are used to evaluate whether a 19th century earthen, water-conveyance ditch has altered the regime of debris flow occurrence in the Colorado River headwaters. Identifying any shifts in disturbance processes or changes in magnitudes and frequencies of occurrence is fundamental to establishing the historical range of variability (HRV) at the site. We found no substantial difference in frequency of debris flows cataloged at eleven sites of deposition between the east (8) and west (11) sides of the Colorado River valley over the last century, but four of the five largest debris flows originated on the west side of the valley in association with the earthen ditch, while the fifth is on a steep hillslope of hydrothermally altered rock on the east side. These results suggest that the ditch has altered the regime of debris flow activity in the Colorado River headwaters as compared to HRV by increasing the frequency of debris flows large enough to reach the Colorado River valley. Valley confinement is a dominant control on response to debris flows, influencing volumes of aggradation and persistence of debris flow deposits. Large, frequent debris flows, exceeding HRV, create persistent effects due to valley geometry and geomorphic setting conducive to sediment storage that are easily delineated by valley confinement ratios which are useful to land managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-016-0695-1","usgsCitation":"Grimsley, K.J., Rathburn, S.L., Friedman, J.M., and Mangano, J.F., 2016, Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO: Environmental Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 76-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0695-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061452","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park, Upper Colorado River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.87833404541014,\n 40.4090520858275\n ],\n [\n -105.87833404541014,\n 40.50231368920858\n ],\n [\n -105.8144760131836,\n 40.50231368920858\n ],\n [\n -105.8144760131836,\n 40.4090520858275\n ],\n [\n -105.87833404541014,\n 40.4090520858275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db2e4b03fd6b7da3671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimsley, Kyle J","contributorId":173887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimsley","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Sara L.","contributorId":140606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157329,"text":"sir20155137 - 2016 - Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:22:46","indexId":"sir20155137","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5137","title":"Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, to provide a means for predicting flood-plain inundation. The model was developed for selected reaches of the Pee Dee River, Brown Creek, and Rocky River, using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software. Multiple cross sections were defined on each modeled stream, and hydrologic data were collected between August 2011 and August 2013 at selected locations on the Pee Dee River and on its tributaries Brown Creek, Rocky River, and Thoroughfare Creek. Cross-section, stage, and flow data were used to develop the model and simulate water-surface profiles at 1.0-foot increments at the USGS streamgage Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge near Ansonville, N.C. The profiles were produced for 31 selected water levels that ranged from approximately 193.0 feet to 223.0 feet in elevation at the Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge streamgage.
\nA series of digital flood-inundation maps were developed on the basis of the water-surface profiles produced by the model. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Program Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels at the USGS streamgage Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge near Ansonville, N.C. These maps, when combined with real-time water-level information from USGS streamgages, provide managers with critical information to help plan flood-response activities and resource protection efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., and Wagner, C.R., 2016, Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5137, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155137.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 14 p.; Metadata: 3 downloadable files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069288","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137.pdf","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee.xml","size":"15.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee-grids.zip","size":"302 MB grids","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee-shapefiles.zip","size":"18.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":4,"text":"shapefile"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.266667,\n 35.233333\n ],\n [\n -80.266667,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -79.85,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -79.85,\n 35.233333\n ],\n [\n -80.266667,\n 35.233333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
This report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering 2015 nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for more than 90 individual minerals and materials
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70170140","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Mineral commodity summaries 2016: U.S. Geological Survey, 202 p, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/70140094.","productDescription":"202 p.","numberOfPages":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072363","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70170140.JPG"},{"id":319942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/index.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477ace4b0b13d3914e0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170185,"text":"70170185 - 2016 - An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:36:35","indexId":"70170185","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative","docAbstract":"Improving access to data and fostering open exchange of water information is foundational to solving water resources issues. In this vein, the Department of the Interior's Assistant Secretary for Water and Science put forward the charge to undertake an Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) that would prioritize and accelerate work toward better water data infrastructure. The goal of the OWDI is to build out the Open Water Web (OWW). We therefore considered the OWW in terms of four conceptual functions: water data cataloging, water data as a service, enriching water data, and community for water data. To describe the current state of the OWW and identify areas needing improvement, we conducted an analysis of existing systems using a standard model for describing distributed systems and their business requirements. Our analysis considered three OWDI-focused use cases—flooding, drought, and contaminant transport—and then examined the landscape of other existing applications that support the Open Water Web. The analysis, which includes a discussion of observed successful practices of cataloging, serving, enriching, and building community around water resources data, demonstrates that we have made significant progress toward the needed infrastructure, although challenges remain. The further development of the OWW can be greatly informed by the interpretation and findings of our analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Associaton","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12417","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., Read, E.K., Lucido, J., Slawecki, T., and Young, D., 2016, An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 4, p. 845-858, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12417.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"858","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071340","costCenters":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12417","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccaace4b0ef3b7ca14703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, Emily K. 0000-0002-9617-9433 eread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9433","contributorId":5815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Emily","email":"eread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slawecki, Tad","contributorId":168540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slawecki","given":"Tad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25325,"text":"LimnoTech, 501 Avis Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48108","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Dwane","contributorId":168541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Dwane","affiliations":[{"id":25326,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC, USA 20460","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188535,"text":"70188535 - 2016 - Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:42","indexId":"70188535","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","docAbstract":"If shaking from a local or regional earthquake in the San Francisco Bay region were to rupture levees in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta then brackish water from San Francisco Bay would contaminate the water in the Delta: the source of fresh water for about half of California. As a prelude to a full shear-wave velocity model that can be used in computer simulations and further seismic hazard analysis, we report on the use of ambient noise tomography to build a fundamental-mode, Rayleigh-wave group velocity model for the region around the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta in the western Central Valley, California. Recordings from the vertical component of about 31 stations were processed to compute the spatial distribution of Rayleigh wave group velocities. Complex coherency between pairs of stations were stacked over 8 months to more than a year. Dispersion curves were determined from 4 to about 18 seconds. We calculated average group velocities for each period and inverted for deviations from the average for a matrix of cells that covered the study area. Smoothing using the first difference is applied. Cells of the model were about 5.6 km in either dimension. Checkerboard tests of resolution, which is dependent on station density, suggest that the resolving ability of the array is reasonably good within the middle of the array with resolution between 0.2 and 0.4 degrees. Overall, low velocities in the middle of each image reflect the deeper sedimentary syncline in the Central Valley. In detail, the model shows several centers of low velocity that may be associated with gross geologic features such as faulting along the western margin of the Central Valley, oil and gas reservoirs, and large cross cutting features like the Stockton arch. At shorter periods around 5.5s, the model’s western boundary between low and high velocities closely follows regional fault geometry and the edge of a residual isostatic gravity low. In the eastern part of the valley, the boundaries of the low velocity zone and gravity anomaly are better aligned at longer periods (around 10.5s) suggesting that the eastern edge of the gravity low is associated with deeper structure. There is a strong correspondence between a low in gravity near the Kirby Hills fault and low velocities from the ambient noise tomography. At longer periods, higher velocities creep in from the east and narrow the overall dimension defined by the lower velocities. Overall, there is a strong correspondence between the shape and location of low velocities in the Rayleigh wave velocity images, and geological and geophysical features.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012376","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.P., Erdem, J., Seats, K., and Lawrence, J., 2016, Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 4, p. 2429-2446, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012376.","productDescription":"18 p. 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Mortality from watercraft collisions has adversely impacted the manatee population’s growth rate, therefore reducing this threat is an important management goal. To assess factors that contribute to the risk of watercraft strikes to manatees, we studied the diving behavior of nine manatees carrying GPS tags and time–depth recorders in Tampa Bay, Florida, during winters 2002–2006. We applied a Bayesian formulation of generalized linear mixed models to depth data to model the probability (Pt) that manatees would be no deeper than 1.25 m from the water’s surface as a function of behavioral and habitat covariates. Manatees above this threshold were considered to be within striking depth of a watercraft. Seventy-eight percent of depth records (individual range 62–86%) were within striking depth (mean = 1.09 m, max = 16.20 m), illustrating how vulnerable manatees are to strikes. In some circumstances manatees made consecutive dives to the bottom while traveling, even in areas >14 m, possibly to conserve energy. This is the first documentation of potential cost-efficient diving behavior in manatees. Manatees were at higher risk of being within striking depth in shallow water (<0.91 m), over seagrass, at night, and while stationary or moving slowly; they were less likely to be within striking depth when ≤50 m from a charted waterway. In shallow water the probability of a manatee being within striking depth was 0.96 (CI = 0.93–0.98) and decreased as water depth increased. The probability was greater over seagrass (Pt = 0.96, CI = 0.93–0.98) than over other substrates (Pt = 0.73, CI = 0.58–0.84). Quantitative approaches to assessing risk can improve the effectiveness of manatee conservation measures by helping identify areas for protection.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLos One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0151450","usgsCitation":"Edwards, H.H., Martin, J., Deutsch, C., Muller, R.G., Koslovsky, S.M., Smith, A., and Barlas, M., 2016, Influence of manatees' diving on their risk of collision with watercraft: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 4, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151450.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060636","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.76275634765625,\n 28.13133880763851\n ],\n [\n -82.4139404296875,\n 28.06228599981216\n ],\n [\n -82.3260498046875,\n 27.81357174811185\n ],\n [\n -82.47299194335936,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -82.72018432617188,\n 27.42297612892041\n ],\n [\n -82.84790039062499,\n 27.847576211806295\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 28.02592458049937\n ],\n [\n -82.84515380859375,\n 28.13133880763851\n ],\n [\n -82.77374267578125,\n 28.13739395116007\n ],\n [\n -82.76275634765625,\n 28.13133880763851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5710bf30e4b0ef3b7ca55149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deutsch, Charles J.","contributorId":64135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller, Robert G","contributorId":168507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koslovsky, Stacie M.","contributorId":168508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koslovsky","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Alexander J.","contributorId":140345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Alexander J.","affiliations":[{"id":13464,"text":"Environmental Analyst, NY State Dept of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barlas, Margie E.","contributorId":168510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlas","given":"Margie E.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70170157,"text":"70170157 - 2016 - From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:18:55","indexId":"70170157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region’s myriad wetlands and small lakes contribute to its stature as the “duck factory” of North America. The fishless nature of the region’s aquatic habitats, a result of frequent drying, freezing, and high salinity, influences its importance to waterfowl. Recent precipitation increases have resulted in higher water levels and wetland/lake freshening. In 2012–13, we sampled chemical characteristics and vertebrates (fish and salamanders) of 162 Prairie Pothole wetlands and small lakes. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and bootstrapping techniques to reveal relationships. We found fish present in a majority of sites (84 %). Fish responses to water chemistry varied by species. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) occurred across the broadest range of conditions. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) occurred in a smaller, chemically defined, subset. Iowa darters (Etheostoma exile) were restricted to the narrowest range of conditions. Tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) rarely occurred in lakes with fish. We also compared our chemical data to similar data collected in 1966–1976 to explore factors contributing to the expansion of fish into previously fishless sites. Our work contributes to a better understanding of relationships between aquatic biota and climate-induced changes in this ecologically important area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0766-3","usgsCitation":"McLean, K.I., Mushet, D.M., and Stockwell, C., 2016, From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 407-421, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0766-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068956","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Kidder County, Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.1129,47.3272],[-100.0347,47.327],[-99.6498,47.3274],[-99.6077,47.3267],[-99.5248,47.3275],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.912,46.6319],[-100.0799,46.6316],[-100.0794,46.705],[-100.0794,46.7123],[-100.0792,46.7454],[-100.0791,46.7513],[-100.0777,46.9794],[-100.1162,46.98],[-100.1139,47.1567],[-100.1129,47.3272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kidder\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccab2e4b0ef3b7ca14718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Kyle I. kmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":147397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle","email":"kmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Craig A.","contributorId":55257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170463,"text":"70170463 - 2016 - Integrated assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent estrogenicity in the Upper Murray River, Australia, using the native Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:33:24","indexId":"70170463","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent estrogenicity in the Upper Murray River, Australia, using the native Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)","docAbstract":"The contamination of major continental river systems by endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) derived from the discharge of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can affect human and ecosystem health. As part of a long-term effort to develop a native fish model organism for assessment of endocrine disruption in Australia's largest watershed, the Murray-Darling River Basin, the present study evaluated endocrine disruption in adult males of the native Australian Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) exposed to effluent from an activated sludge WWTP and water from the Murray River during a 28-d, continuous-flow, on-site experiment. Analysis of the WWTP effluent and river water detected estrone and 17β-estradiol at concentrations up to approximately 25 ng L−1. Anti-estrogenicity of effluent samples was detected in vitro using yeast-based bioassays (yeast estrogen screen) throughout the experiment, but estrogenicity was limited to the first week of the experiment. Histological evaluation of the testes indicated significant suppression of spermatogenesis by WWTP effluent after 28 d of exposure. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations and expression of vitellogenin messenger RNA in liver were not significantly affected by exposure to WWTP effluent. The combination of low contaminant concentrations in the WWTP effluent, limited endocrine disrupting effects in the Murray rainbowfish, and high in-stream dilution factors (>99%) suggest minimal endocrine disruption impacts on native Australian fish in the Murray River downstream from the WWTP outfall.
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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1043","title":"U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers and U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center—Annual report for 2015","docAbstract":"2015 was another great year for the Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) network. The DOI CSCs and USGS NCCWSC continued their mission of providing the science, data, and tools that are needed for on-the-ground decision making by natural and cultural resource managers to address the effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, ecosystems, and communities. Our many accomplishments in 2015 included initiating a national effort to understand the influence of drought on wildlife and ecosystems; providing numerous opportunities for students and early career researchers to expand their networks and learn more about climate change effects; and working with tribes and indigenous communities to expand their knowledge of and preparation for the impacts of climate change on important resources and traditional ways of living. Here we illustrate some of these 2015 activities from across the CSCs and NCCWSC.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161043","usgsCitation":"Varela Minder, Elda, and Padgett, H.A., 2016, U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers and U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center—Annual report for 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1043, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161043.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073088","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1043/ofr20161043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1043"},{"id":319880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1043/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 516
Reston, VA 20192
Cannon Air Force Base (Cannon AFB) is located in the High Plains physiographic region of east-central New Mexico, about 5 miles west of Clovis, New Mexico. The area surrounding Cannon AFB is primarily used for agriculture, including irrigated cropland and dairies. The Southern High Plains aquifer is the principal source of water for Cannon AFB, for the nearby town of Clovis, and for local agriculture and dairies. The Southern High Plains aquifer in the vicinity of Cannon AFB consists of three subsurface geological formations: the Chinle Formation of Triassic age, the Ogallala Formation of Tertiary age, and the Blackwater Draw Formation of Quaternary age. The Ogallala Formation is the main water-yielding formation of the Southern High Plains aquifer. Groundwater-supplied, center-pivot irrigation dominates pumping from the Southern High Plains aquifer in the area surrounding Cannon AFB, where the irrigation season typically extends from early March through October. The U.S. Geological Survey has been monitoring groundwater levels in the vicinity of Cannon AFB since 1954 and has developed general potentiometric-surface maps that show groundwater flow from northwest to southeast in the study area. While previous potentiometric-surface maps show the general direction of groundwater flow, a denser well network is needed to show details of groundwater flow at a local scale. Groundwater levels were measured in 93 wells during summer 2013 and 100 wells during winter 2015.
The summer and winter potentiometric-surface maps display the presence of what is interpreted to be a groundwater trough trending from the northwest to the southeast through the study area. This groundwater trough may be the hydraulic expression of a Tertiary-age paleochannel. Groundwater north of the trough flows in a southerly direction into the trough, and groundwater south of the trough flows in an easterly direction into the trough.
During the 18-month period between summer 2013 and winter 2015, changes in groundwater levels ranged from a rise of 10.0 to a decline of 3.8 feet. The regions to the north and south of the groundwater trough contained the majority of the rises in groundwater levels, whereas the regions within the trough contained the majority of the declines in groundwater levels. In contrast, the long-term groundwater-level trend in wells with 20 to 60 years of record is a steady decline in average annual water levels, with declines ranging from 0.41 to 2.81 feet per year. Overall, the northwestern part of the study area exhibits the smallest average annual declines, while the southeastern part of the study area exhibits the largest average annual declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3352","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, San Antonio, Texas","usgsCitation":"Collison, Jake, 2016, Potentiometric surfaces, summer 2013 and winter 2015, and select hydrographs for the Southern High Plains aquifer, Cannon Air Force Base, Curry County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3352, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3352.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 22 x 30 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069490","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3352/sim3352.pdf","text":"Map","size":"3.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3352"},{"id":319796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3352/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Curry County","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.1997299194336,\n 34.30799463462751\n ],\n [\n -103.20213317871094,\n 34.32472485669068\n ],\n [\n -103.20144653320312,\n 34.349105308603086\n ],\n [\n -103.20144653320312,\n 34.36922801491184\n ],\n [\n -103.20144653320312,\n 34.387079327815805\n ],\n [\n -103.20247650146484,\n 34.415406930259294\n ],\n [\n -103.20281982421875,\n 34.43239888779366\n ],\n [\n -103.20625305175781,\n 34.453350878522286\n ],\n [\n -103.2117462158203,\n 34.45844651413059\n ],\n [\n -103.22410583496094,\n 34.46552326993406\n ],\n [\n -103.23715209960938,\n 34.468353804284924\n ],\n [\n -103.25809478759764,\n 34.469769035464836\n ],\n [\n -103.27869415283203,\n 34.47203335543746\n ],\n [\n -103.29689025878905,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -103.32572937011719,\n 34.47458064197167\n ],\n [\n -103.34152221679688,\n 34.47797690306098\n ],\n [\n -103.36658477783203,\n 34.47882594673332\n ],\n [\n -103.38512420654297,\n 34.477693886583516\n ],\n [\n -103.4036636352539,\n 34.474014585017066\n ],\n [\n -103.40572357177734,\n 34.46920294587255\n ],\n [\n -103.41053009033203,\n 34.45788034775209\n ],\n [\n -103.41053009033203,\n 34.44259240448441\n ],\n [\n -103.41190338134766,\n 34.43466422118617\n ],\n [\n -103.41293334960938,\n 34.41795594404557\n ],\n [\n -103.41361999511719,\n 34.41059191445944\n ],\n [\n -103.41293334960938,\n 34.40237742424137\n ],\n [\n -103.41121673583984,\n 34.39387882699731\n ],\n [\n -103.40744018554688,\n 34.38311269824024\n ],\n [\n -103.4084701538086,\n 34.37206181069581\n ],\n [\n -103.40572357177734,\n 34.361292876752564\n ],\n [\n -103.39508056640625,\n 34.35193978491414\n ],\n [\n -103.3868408203125,\n 34.34627073645813\n ],\n [\n -103.38306427001952,\n 34.336348979311985\n ],\n [\n -103.38272094726561,\n 34.326426048404265\n ],\n [\n -103.37448120117188,\n 34.3207552752374\n ],\n [\n -103.3480453491211,\n 34.31678550602219\n ],\n [\n -103.31817626953125,\n 34.313382697259456\n ],\n [\n -103.2879638671875,\n 34.311397661782244\n ],\n [\n -103.26221466064453,\n 34.30969616544571\n ],\n [\n -103.23646545410156,\n 34.30997975056304\n ],\n [\n -103.21792602539062,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -103.1997299194336,\n 34.30799463462751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE, Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109–1311
Landsat missions have always been an important component of U.S. foreign policy, as well as science and technology policy. The Landsat program’s longstanding network of International Cooperators (ICs), which operates numerous International Ground Stations (IGS) around the world, embodies the United States’ policy of peaceful use of outer space and the worldwide dissemination of civil space technology for public benefit. Thus, the ICs provide an essential dimension to the Landsat mission.
In 2010, the Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative began, with goals to consolidate the Landsat data archives of all IGSs, make the data more accessible to the global Landsat user community, and significantly increase the frequency of observations over a given area of interest to contribute to the understanding of a changing Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163018","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat International Cooperators and Global Archive Consolidation (ver. 1.3, April 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072463","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"3.57 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":416366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/fs20163018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"572 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2016–3018"},{"id":319664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/coverthb4.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: April 7, 2016; Version 1.1: December 8, 2016; Version 1.2: June 10, 2019; Version 1.3: April 26, 2023","contact":"Landsat User Services
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
custserv@usgs.gov
https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/national-land-imaging-program
","tableOfContents":"This study combined a radar-based time series of Hurricane Sandy surge and estimated persistence with optical sensor-based marsh condition change to assess potential causal linkages of surge persistence and marsh condition change along the New Jersey Atlantic Ocean coast. Results based on processed TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images indicated that surge flooding persisted for 12 h past landfall in marshes from Great Bay to Great Egg Harbor Bay and up to 59 h after landfall in many back-barrier lagoon marshes. Marsh condition change (i.e. loss of green marsh vegetation) was assessed from optical satellite images (Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collected before and after Hurricane Sandy. High change in condition often showed spatial correspondence, with high surge persistence in marsh surrounding the lagoon portion of Great Bay, while in contrast, low change and high persistence spatial correspondence dominated the interior marshes of the Great Bay and Great Egg Harbor Bay estuaries. Salinity measurements suggest that these areas were influenced by freshwater discharges after landfall possibly mitigating damage. Back-barrier marshes outside these regions exhibited mixed correspondences. In some cases, topographic features supporting longer surge persistence suggested that non-correspondence between radar and optical data-based results may be due to differential resilience; however, in many cases, reference information was lacking to determine a reason for non-correspondence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2016.1163748","usgsCitation":"Rangoonwala, A., Enwright, N.M., Ramsey, E.W., and Spruce, J.P., 2016, Radar and optical mapping of surge persistence and marsh dieback along the New Jersey Mid-Atlantic coast after Hurricane Sandy: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 37, no. 7, p. 1692-1713, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1163748.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1692","endPage":"1713","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064429","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1163748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OEFCOR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Radar and optical mapping of surge persistence and marsh dieback along the New Jersey Mid-Atlantic coast after Hurricane Sandy"},{"id":319878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477b0e4b0b13d3914e11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7887-3261 enwrightn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":4880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","email":"enwrightn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":2883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spruce, Joseph P.","contributorId":168501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spruce","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":25312,"text":"Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Centre, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170089,"text":"70170089 - 2016 - High rates of detection of Clade 2.3.4.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 viruses in wild birds in the Pacific Northwest during the winter of 2014-2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T13:03:50","indexId":"70170089","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High rates of detection of Clade 2.3.4.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 viruses in wild birds in the Pacific Northwest during the winter of 2014-2015","docAbstract":"In 2014, Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread across the Republic of Korea and ultimately were reported in China, Japan, Russia and Europe. Mortality associated with a reassortant HPAI H5N2 virus was detected in poultry farms in Western Canada at the end of November. The same strain (with identical genetic structure) was then detected in free-living wild birds that had died prior to December 8 of unrelated causes in Whatcom County, Washington, USA in an area contiguous with the index Canadian location. A gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) that had hunted and fed on an American wigeon (Anas americana) on December 6 in the same area and died two days later, tested positive for the Eurasian origin HPAI H5N8. Subsequently, an Active Surveillance Program using hunter-harvest waterfowl in Washington and Oregon detected ten HPAI H5 viruses, of three different subtypes (four H5N2, three H5N8 and three H5N1) with 4 segments in common (HA, PB2, NP and MA). In addition, a mortality-based Passive Surveillance Program detected 18 HPAI (14 H5N2 and four H5N8) cases from Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Minnesota, Montana, Washington and Wisconsin. Comparatively, mortality-based passive surveillance appears to be detecting these HPAI infections at a higher rate than active surveillance during the period following initial introduction into the US.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1637/11137-050815-Reg","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., Dusek, R.J., Bodenstein, B., Kim Torchetti, M., DeBruyn, P., Mansfield, K.G., DeLiberto, T., and Sleeman, J.M., 2016, High rates of detection of Clade 2.3.4.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 viruses in wild birds in the Pacific Northwest during the winter of 2014-2015: Avian Diseases, v. 60, no. 1s, p. 354-358, https://doi.org/10.1637/11137-050815-Reg.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065496","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1s","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5719f9b9e4b071321fe22bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":152316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim Torchetti, Mia","contributorId":139355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim Torchetti","given":"Mia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12747,"text":"USDA APHIS VS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeBruyn, Paul","contributorId":139364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mansfield, Kristin G.","contributorId":139359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mansfield","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12748,"text":"State of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":139362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70170073,"text":"70170073 - 2016 - Hawksbill satellite-tracking case study: Implications for remigration interval and population estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:37:45","indexId":"70170073","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2679,"text":"Marine Turtle Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawksbill satellite-tracking case study: Implications for remigration interval and population estimates","docAbstract":"Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are circumtropically distributed and listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (Meylan & Donnelly 1999; NMFS & USFWS 1993). To aid in population recovery and protection, the Hawksbill Recovery Plan identified the need to determine demographic information for hawksbills, such as distribution, abundance, seasonal movements, foraging areas (sections 121 and 2211), growth rates, and survivorship (section 2213, NMFS & USFWS 1993). Mark-recapture analyses are helpful in estimating demographic parameters and have been used for hawksbills throughout the Caribbean (e.g., Richardson et al. 1999; Velez-Zuazo et al. 2008); integral to these studies are recaptures at the nesting site as well as remigration interval estimates (Hays 2000). Estimates of remigration intervals (the duration between nesting seasons) are critical to marine turtle population estimates and measures of nesting success (Hays 2000; Richardson et al. 1999). Although hawksbills in the Caribbean generally show natal philopatry and nesting-site fidelity (Bass et al. 1996; Bowen et al. 2007), exceptions to this have been observed for hawksbills and other marine turtles (Bowen & Karl 2007; Diamond 1976; Esteban et al. 2015; Hart et al. 2013). This flexibility in choosing a nesting beach could therefore affect the apparent remigration interval and subsequently, region-wide population counts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Turtle Newsletter : seaturtle.org","usgsCitation":"Sartain-Iverson, A.R., Hart, K.M., Fujisaki, I., Cherkiss, M.S., Pollock, C., Lundgren, I., and Hillis-Starr, Z., 2016, Hawksbill satellite-tracking case study: Implications for remigration interval and population estimates: Marine Turtle Newsletter, v. 148, p. 2-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068663","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319784,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn148/mtn148-2.shtml"}],"volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477a8e4b0b13d3914e091","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollock, Clayton","contributorId":168497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Clayton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lundgren, Ian","contributorId":29727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hillis-Starr, Zandy","contributorId":56142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillis-Starr","given":"Zandy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70170072,"text":"70170072 - 2016 - Differentiating sex and species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and their eggs using external morphometrics and discriminant function analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T11:53:57","indexId":"70170072","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating sex and species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and their eggs using external morphometrics and discriminant function analysis","docAbstract":"In birds where males and females are similar in size and plumage, sex determination by alternative means is necessary. Discriminant function analysis based on external morphometrics was used to distinguish males from females in two closely related species: Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (A. clarkii). Additionally, discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate morphometric divergence between Western and Clark's grebe adults and eggs. Aechmophorus grebe adults (n = 576) and eggs (n = 130) were sampled across 29 lakes and reservoirs throughout California, USA, and adult sex was determined using molecular analysis. Both Western and Clark's grebes exhibited considerable sexual size dimorphism. Males averaged 6–26% larger than females among seven morphological measurements, with the greatest sexual size dimorphism occurring for bill morphometrics. Discriminant functions based on bill length, bill depth, and short tarsus length correctly assigned sex to 98% of Western Grebes, and a function based on bill length and bill depth correctly assigned sex to 99% of Clark's Grebes. Further, a simplified discriminant function based only on bill depth correctly assigned sex to 96% of Western Grebes and 98% of Clark's Grebes. In contrast, external morphometrics were not suitable for differentiating between Western and Clark's grebe adults or their eggs, with correct classification rates of discriminant functions of only 60%, 63%, and 61% for adult males, adult females, and eggs, respectively. Our results indicate little divergence in external morphology between species of Aechmophorus grebes, and instead separation is much greater between males and females.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0103","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Herzog, M.P., 2016, Differentiating sex and species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and their eggs using external morphometrics and discriminant function analysis: Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 1, p. 13-26, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0103.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068816","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477a4e4b0b13d3914e046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170071,"text":"70170071 - 2016 - The high cost of motherhood: End-lactation syndrome in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) on the central California, USA, coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T16:18:45","indexId":"70170071","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The high cost of motherhood: End-lactation syndrome in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) on the central California, USA, coast","docAbstract":"Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have exceptionally high energetic requirements, which nearly double during lactation and pup care. Thus, females are extremely vulnerable to caloric insufficiency. Despite a number of compensatory strategies, the metabolic challenge of reproduction culminates in numerous maternal deaths annually. Massive depletion of energy reserves results in a case presentation that we define as end-lactation syndrome (ELS), characterized by moderate to severe emaciation not attributable to a concurrent, independent disease process in females dying during late pup care or postweaning. We compiled detailed data for 108 adult female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) examined postmortem that stranded in California, US, 2005–12, and assessed pathology, reproductive status, and the location and timing of stranding. We introduce simple, grossly apparent, standardized physical criteria to assess reproductive stage for female sea otters. We also describe ELS, examine associated risk factors, and highlight female life history strategies that likely optimize reproduction and survival. Our data suggest that females can reset both the timing and energetic demands of reproduction through fetal loss, pup abandonment, or early weaning as part of specific physiologic checkpoints during each reproductive cycle. Females appear to preload nutritionally during delayed implantation and gestation to increase fitness and reproductive success. We found that ELS was a major cause of death, affecting 56% of enrolled adult females. Peak ELS prevalence occurred in late spring, possibly reflecting the population trend toward fall/winter pupping. Increasing age and number of pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of ELS. Although the proportion of ELS females was highest in areas with dense sea otter populations, cases were recovered throughout the range, suggesting that death from ELS is associated with, but not solely caused by, population resource limitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Diseases Association","doi":"10.7589/2015-06-158","usgsCitation":"Chinn, S.S., Miller, M.A., Tinker, M.T., Staedler, M., Batac, F.I., Dodd, E.M., and Henkel, L.A., 2016, The high cost of motherhood: End-lactation syndrome in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) on the central California, USA, coast: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 2, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-06-158.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070046","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477b3e4b0b13d3914e15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chinn, Sarah S","contributorId":168466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chinn","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":25299,"text":"CA DFW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Melissa A.","contributorId":57701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39007,"text":"CA Dept of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle M.","contributorId":40087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batac, Francesca I.","contributorId":168467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batac","given":"Francesca","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dodd, Erin M.","contributorId":168468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodd","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henkel, Laird A.","contributorId":84288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkel","given":"Laird","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70170082,"text":"70170082 - 2016 - Recommended reporting standards for test accuracy studies of infectious diseases of finfish, amphibians, molluscs and crustaceans: the STRADAS-aquatic checklist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T11:08:59","indexId":"70170082","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommended reporting standards for test accuracy studies of infectious diseases of finfish, amphibians, molluscs and crustaceans: the STRADAS-aquatic checklist","docAbstract":"Complete and transparent reporting of key elements of diagnostic accuracy studies for infectious diseases in cultured and wild aquatic animals benefits end-users of these tests, enabling the rational design of surveillance programs, the assessment of test results from clinical cases and comparisons of diagnostic test performance. Based on deficiencies in the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines identified in a prior finfish study (Gardner et al. 2014), we adapted the Standards for Reporting of Animal Diagnostic Accuracy Studies—paratuberculosis (STRADAS-paraTB) checklist of 25 reporting items to increase their relevance to finfish, amphibians, molluscs, and crustaceans and provided examples and explanations for each item. The checklist, known as STRADAS-aquatic, was developed and refined by an expert group of 14 transdisciplinary scientists with experience in test evaluation studies using field and experimental samples, in operation of reference laboratories for aquatic animal pathogens, and in development of international aquatic animal health policy. The main changes to the STRADAS-paraTB checklist were to nomenclature related to the species, the addition of guidelines for experimental challenge studies, and the designation of some items as relevant only to experimental studies and ante-mortem tests. We believe that adoption of these guidelines will improve reporting of primary studies of test accuracy for aquatic animal diseases and facilitate assessment of their fitness-for-purpose. Given the importance of diagnostic tests to underpin the Sanitary and Phytosanitary agreement of the World Trade Organization, the principles outlined in this paper should be applied to other World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)-relevant species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02947","usgsCitation":"Gardner, I.A., Whittington, R.J., Caraguel, C.G., Hick, P., Moody, N.J., Corbeil, S., Garver, K.A., Warg, J.V., Arzul, I., Purcell, M.K., St. J. Crane, M., Waltzek, T., Olesen, N.J., and Lagno, A.G., 2016, Recommended reporting standards for test accuracy studies of infectious diseases of finfish, amphibians, molluscs and crustaceans: the STRADAS-aquatic checklist: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 118, no. 2, p. 91-111, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02947.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068746","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02947","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477b0e4b0b13d3914e12d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Ian A","contributorId":168476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":25301,"text":"Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, 9 Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittington, Richard J","contributorId":168477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittington","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":25302,"text":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, New South Wales, 2570 Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caraguel, Charles G B","contributorId":168478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caraguel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G B","affiliations":[{"id":25303,"text":"School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hick, Paul","contributorId":168496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hick","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moody, Nicholas J G","contributorId":168479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moody","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J G","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corbeil, Serge","contributorId":168480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbeil","given":"Serge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garver, Kyle A.","contributorId":149992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garver","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17880,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warg, Janet V.","contributorId":168481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warg","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":25305,"text":"Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, VS, APHIS, USDA, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arzul, Isabelle","contributorId":168482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzul","given":"Isabelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25306,"text":"IFREMER SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, 17390 La Tremblade, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"St. J. Crane, Mark","contributorId":168483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. J. Crane","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Waltzek, Thomas B.","contributorId":9574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltzek","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Olesen, Niels J","contributorId":168484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olesen","given":"Niels","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":25307,"text":"National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lagno, Alicia Gallardo","contributorId":168485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lagno","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"Gallardo","affiliations":[{"id":25308,"text":"Jefa Unidad de Salud Animal Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura Calle Victoria 2832, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70170084,"text":"70170084 - 2016 - Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T11:05:44","indexId":"70170084","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"In August 2008, Kasatochi volcano erupted and buried a small island in pyroclastic deposits and fine ash; since then, microbes, plants and birds have begun to re-colonize the initially sterile surface. Five years post-eruption, bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copy numbers and extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) potentials were one to two orders of magnitude greater in pyroclastic materials with organic matter (OM) inputs relative to those without, despite minimal accumulation of OM (< 0.2%C). When normalized by OM levels, post-eruptive surfaces with OM inputs had the highest β-glucosidase, phosphatase, NAGase and cellobiohydrolase activities, and had microbial population sizes approaching those in reference soils. In contrast, the strongest factor determining bacterial community composition was the dominance of plants versus birds as OM input vectors. Although soil pH ranged from 3.9 to 7.0, and %C ranged 100×, differentiation between plant- and bird-associated microbial communities suggested that cell dispersal or nutrient availability are more likely drivers of assembly than pH or OM content. This study exemplifies the complex relationship between microbial cell dispersal, soil geochemistry, and microbial structure and function; and illustrates the potential for soil microbiota to be resilient to disturbance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.12924","usgsCitation":"Zeglin, L.H., Wang, B., Waythomas, C.F., Rainey, F., and Talbot, S.L., 2016, Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska: Environmental Microbiology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 146-158, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12924.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061616","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatochi Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.52959442138672,\n 52.1600333315075\n ],\n [\n -175.52959442138672,\n 52.18587870630056\n ],\n [\n -175.4922580718994,\n 52.18587870630056\n ],\n [\n -175.4922580718994,\n 52.1600333315075\n ],\n [\n -175.52959442138672,\n 52.1600333315075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477aee4b0b13d3914e0cd","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.12924","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12924","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Zeglin Lydia H., Wang Bronwen, Waythomas Christopher, Rainey Frederick, Talbot Sandra L.","journalName":"Environmental Microbiology","publicationDate":"7/22/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeglin, Lydia H. lzeglin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeglin","given":"Lydia","email":"lzeglin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rainey, Frederick","contributorId":168495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rainey","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170085,"text":"70170085 - 2016 - Semi-arid vegetation response to antecedent climate and water balance windows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T16:24:21","indexId":"70170085","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":849,"text":"Applied Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semi-arid vegetation response to antecedent climate and water balance windows","docAbstract":"Can we improve understanding of vegetation response to water availability on monthly time scales in semi-arid environments using remote sensing methods? What climatic or water balance variables and antecedent windows of time associated with these variables best relate to the condition of vegetation? Can we develop credible near-term forecasts from climate data that can be used to prepare for future climate change effects on vegetation?
\nSemi-arid grasslands in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA.
\nWe built vegetation response models by relating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS imagery in Mar–Nov 2000–2013 to antecedent climate and water balance variables preceding the monthly NDVI observations. We compared how climate and water balance variables explained vegetation greenness and then used a multi-model ensemble of climate and water balance models to forecast monthly NDVI for three holdout years.
\nWater balance variables explained vegetation greenness to a greater degree than climate variables for most growing season months. Seasonally important variables included measures of antecedent water input and storage in spring, switching to indicators of drought, input or use in summer, followed by antecedent moisture availability in autumn. In spite of similar climates, there was evidence the grazed grassland showed a response to drying conditions 1 mo sooner than the ungrazed grassland. Lead times were generally short early in the growing season and antecedent window durations increased from 3 mo early in the growing season to 1 yr or more as the growing season progressed. Forecast accuracy for three holdout years using a multi-model ensemble of climate and water balance variables outperformed forecasts made with a naïve NDVI climatology.
\nWe determined the influence of climate and water balance on vegetation at a fine temporal scale, which presents an opportunity to forecast vegetation response with short lead times. This understanding was obtained through high-frequency vegetation monitoring using remote sensing, which reduces the costs and time necessary for field measurements and can lead to more rapid detection of vegetation changes that could help managers take appropriate actions.
\nHatchery ‘recycling’ programs have been used to increase angling opportunities by re-releasing fish into a river after they returned to a hatchery or fish trap. Recycling is intended to increase opportunities for fishermen, but this strategy could affect wild fish populations if some recycled fish remain in the river and interact with wild fish populations. To quantify hatchery return and angler harvest rates of recycled steelhead, we conducted a 2-year study on the Cowlitz River, Washington. A total of 1051 steelhead were recycled, including 218 fish that were radio-tagged. Fates of recycled steelhead were similar between years: 48.4% returned to the hatchery, 19.2% were reported captured by anglers, and 32.4% remained in the river. A multistate model quantified the effects of covariates on hatchery return and angler harvest rates, which were positively affected by river discharge and negatively affected by time since release. However, hatchery return rates increased and angler harvest rates decreased during periods of increasing discharge. A total of 21.1% (46 fish) of the radio-tagged steelhead failed to return to the hatchery or be reported by anglers, but nearly half of those fish (20 fish) appeared to be harvested and not reported. The remaining tagged fish (11.9% of the radio-tagged population) were monitored into the spawning period, but only five fish (2.3% of the radio-tagged population) entered tributaries where wild steelhead spawning occurs. Future research focused on straying behaviour, and spawning success of recycled steelhead may further advance the understanding of the effects of recycling as a management strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/rra.3023","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Perry, R.W., Gleizes, C., Dammers, W., and Liedtke, T.L., 2016, Angler harvest, hatchery return, and tributary stray rates of recycled adult summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Cowlitz River, Washington: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1790-1799, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1790","endPage":"1799","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070184","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.13751220703125,\n 46.07132518308108\n ],\n [\n -123.13751220703125,\n 46.645665192584936\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 46.645665192584936\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 46.07132518308108\n ],\n [\n -123.13751220703125,\n 46.07132518308108\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477a0e4b0b13d3914dfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleizes, Chris","contributorId":37233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleizes","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dammers, Wolf","contributorId":79385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dammers","given":"Wolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170086,"text":"70170086 - 2016 - Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T11:01:21","indexId":"70170086","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"Precipitation patterns and nutrient inputs affect transport of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphorus (TP) from Midwest watersheds. Nutrient concentrations and yields from two subsurface-drained watersheds, the Little Cobb River (LCR) in southern Minnesota and the South Fork Iowa River (SFIR) in northern Iowa, were evaluated during 1996–2007 to document relative differences in timings and amounts of nutrients transported. Both watersheds are located in the prairie pothole region, but the SFIR exhibits a longer growing season and more livestock production. The SFIR yielded significantly more NO3-N than the LCR watershed (31.2 versus 21.3 kg NO3-N ha− 1 y− 1). The SFIR watershed also yielded more TP than the LCR watershed (1.13 versus 0.51 kg TP ha− 1 yr− 1), despite greater TP concentrations in the LCR. About 65% of NO3-N and 50% of TP loads were transported during April–June, and < 20% of the annual loads were transported later in the growing season from July–September. Monthly NO3-N and TP loads peaked in April from the LCR but peaked in June from the SFIR; this difference was attributed to greater snowmelt runoff in the LCR. The annual NO3-N yield increased with increasing annual runoff at a similar rate in both watersheds, but the LCR watershed yielded less annual NO3-N than the SFIR for a similar annual runoff. These two watersheds are within 150 km of one another and have similar dominant agricultural systems, but differences in climate and cropping inputs affected amounts and timing of nutrient transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., Hubbard, L.E., Tomer, M.D., and James, D., 2016, Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds: Science of the Total Environment, v. 559, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066764","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"559","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477a5e4b0b13d3914e070","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Kalkhoff S.J., Hubbard L.E., Tomer M.D., James D.E.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"7/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"4/5/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomer, Mark D.","contributorId":168489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomer","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25309,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, D.E.","contributorId":22927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170132,"text":"70170132 - 2016 - Salmon and steelhead in the White Salmon River after the removal of Condit Dam–Planning efforts and recolonization results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:38:16","indexId":"70170132","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmon and steelhead in the White Salmon River after the removal of Condit Dam–Planning efforts and recolonization results","docAbstract":"Condit Dam, at river kilometer 5.3 on the White Salmon River, Washington, was breached in 2011 and completely removed in 2012. This action opened habitat to migratory fish for the first time in 100 years. The White Salmon Working Group was formed to create plans for fish salvage in preparation for fish recolonization and to prescribe the actions necessary to restore anadromous salmonid populations in the White Salmon River after Condit Dam removal. Studies conducted by work group members and others served to inform management decisions. Management options for individual species were considered, including natural recolonization, introduction of a neighboring stock, hatchery supplementation, and monitoring natural recolonization for some time period to assess the need for hatchery supplementation. Monitoring to date indicates that multiple species and stocks of anadromous salmonids are finding and spawning in the now accessible and recovering habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1150839","usgsCitation":"Allen, B., Engle, R.O., Zendt, J., Shrier, F.C., Wilson, J.T., and Connolly, P., 2016, Salmon and steelhead in the White Salmon River after the removal of Condit Dam–Planning efforts and recolonization results: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 4, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1150839.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062022","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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98628","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shrier, Frank C","contributorId":168517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrier","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":25318,"text":"PacifiCorp, Portland, OR 97232","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Jeremy T","contributorId":168518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":25319,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159959,"text":"ofr20151231 - 2016 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2008–November 30, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T10:42:33","indexId":"ofr20151231","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1231","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2008–November 30, 2009","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 56th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2009 River Master report year, the period from December 1, 2008, to November 30, 2009.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 50.89 inches (in.) or 116 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high throughout the year and did not decline below 80 percent of combined capacity at any time. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program (FFMP).
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 25 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days.
During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master.
As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 22 sites on a monthly basis.
The Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) collects monthly samples from March through October at 22 sites between Biles Channel and South Brown Shoal. Samples were collected and analyzed by the State of Delaware for the DRBC. At each site, water samples were collected at a single point near the center of the channel near the surface and analyzed for selected physical properties, and chemical and biological constituents including routine chemical substances, nutrients and bacteria. These consist of analyses of field measurements and laboratory determinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151231","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., Mason, R.R., Jr., and Owens, Marie, 2016, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2008–November 30, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1231, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151231.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-12-01","ipdsId":"IP-070813","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1231/ofr20151231.pdf","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1231"},{"id":319218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1231/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Deputy Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Buist Road, Bldg. 3, Suite 304
Milford Professional Park
Milford, PA 18337
Fax: 570–296–9414
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/odrm/
The Kansas River is a primary source of drinking water for about 800,000 people in northeastern Kansas. Source-water supplies are treated by a combination of chemical and physical processes to remove contaminants before distribution. Advanced notification of changing water-quality conditions and cyanobacteria and associated toxin and taste-and-odor compounds provides drinking-water treatment facilities time to develop and implement adequate treatment strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office (funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund), and the City of Lawrence, the City of Topeka, the City of Olathe, and Johnson County Water One, began a study in July 2012 to develop statistical models at two Kansas River sites located upstream from drinking-water intakes. Continuous water-quality monitors have been operated and discrete-water quality samples have been collected on the Kansas River at Wamego (USGS site number 06887500) and De Soto (USGS site number 06892350) since July 2012. Continuous and discrete water-quality data collected during July 2012 through June 2015 were used to develop statistical models for constituents of interest at the Wamego and De Soto sites. Logistic models to continuously estimate the probability of occurrence above selected thresholds were developed for cyanobacteria, microcystin, and geosmin. Linear regression models to continuously estimate constituent concentrations were developed for major ions, dissolved solids, alkalinity, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), suspended sediment, indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, and enterococci), and actinomycetes bacteria. These models will be used to provide real-time estimates of the probability that cyanobacteria and associated compounds exceed thresholds and of the concentrations of other water-quality constituents in the Kansas River. The models documented in this report are useful for characterizing changes in water-quality conditions through time, characterizing potentially harmful cyanobacterial events, and indicating changes in water-quality conditions that may affect drinking-water treatment processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, the City of Lawrence, the City of Topeka, the City of Olathe, and Johnson County Water One","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., and Graham, J.L., 2016, Logistic and linear regression model documentation for statistical relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the Kansas River, Kansas, July 2012 through June 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1040, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161040. ","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 31 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071163","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/downloads/","text":"Appendixes 1 through 31","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1040 Appendixes"},{"id":319782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/ofr20161040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"830 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 39.90130858574735\n ],\n [\n -95.635986328125,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -96.207275390625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -96.88842773437499,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -96.910400390625,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 38.42777351132905\n ],\n [\n -96.624755859375,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -96.075439453125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -95.020751953125,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 38.81403111409755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049