{"pageNumber":"1085","pageRowStart":"27100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70027242,"text":"70027242 - 2004 - Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to assess nitrate contamination and ground-water age, Woodville Karst Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027242","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to assess nitrate contamination and ground-water age, Woodville Karst Plain, USA","docAbstract":"Concerns regarding ground-water contamination in the Woodville Karst Plain have arisen due to a steady increase in nitrate-N concentrations (0.25-0.90 mg/l) during the past 30 years in Wakulla Springs, a large regional discharge point for water (9.6 m3/s) from the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA). Multiple isotopic and chemical tracers were used with geochemical and lumped-parameter models (exponential mixing (EM), dispersion, and combined exponential piston flow) to assess: (1) the sources and extent of nitrate contamination of ground water and springs, and (2) mean transit times (ages) of ground water. Delta 15N-NO3 values (1.7-13.8???) indicated that nitrate in ground water originated from localized sources of inorganic fertilizer and human/animal wastes. Nitrate in spring waters (??15N-NO3=5.3-8.9???) originated from both inorganic and organic N sources. Nitrate-N concentrations (<0.02-16 mg/l) were highly variable both spatially and vertically in the oxic UFA, based on water samples from 46 wells and four springs collected from 1997 to 2000. During high-flow conditions, spring waters had decreased nitrate and increased DOC concentrations that resulted from mixtures of 20-95% surface water. Although higher nitrate-N concentrations (>1.0 mg/l) were associated with shallow wells (open intervals less than 15 m below land surface), elevated nitrate concentrations in deeper wells are consistent with mixtures of water from shallow and deep zones in the UFA as indicated from geochemical mixing models and the distribution of mean transit times (5-90 years) estimated using lumped-parameter flow models. Ground water with mean transit times of 10 years or less tended to have higher dissolved organic carbon concentrations, lower dissolved solids, and lower calcite saturation indices than older waters, indicating mixing with nearby surface water that directly recharges the aquifer through sinkholes. Significantly higher values of pH, magnesium, dolomite saturation index, and phosphate in springs and deep water (>45 m) relative to a shallow zone (<45 m) were associated with longer ground-water transit times (50-90 years). Chemical differences with depth in the aquifer result from deep regional flow of water recharged through low permeability sediments (clays and clayey sands of the Hawthorn Formation) that overlie the UFA upgradient from the karst plain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.001","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Chelette, A., and Pratt, T., 2004, Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to assess nitrate contamination and ground-water age, Woodville Karst Plain, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 289, no. 1-4, p. 36-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.001.","startPage":"36","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.001"},{"id":235269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbed2e4b08c986b3297d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chelette, A.R.","contributorId":107476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelette","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, T.R.","contributorId":89323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002959,"text":"1002959 - 2004 - A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T12:41:57","indexId":"1002959","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers","docAbstract":"Surveys collecting count data are the primary means by which abundance is indexed for birds. These counts are confounded, however, by nuisance effects including observer effects and spatial correlation between counts. Current methods poorly accommodate both observer and spatial effects because modeling these spatially autocorrelated counts within a hierarchical framework is not practical using standard statistical approaches. We propose a Bayesian approach to this problem and provide as an example of its implementation a spatial model of predicted abundance for the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in the Prairie-Hardwood Transition of the upper midwestern United States. We used an overdispersed Poisson regression with fixed and random effects, fitted by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We used 21 years of North American Breeding Bird Survey counts as the response in a loglinear function of explanatory variables describing habitat, spatial relatedness, year effects, and observer effects. The model included a conditional autoregressive term representing potential correlation between adjacent route counts. Categories of explanatory habitat variables in the model included land cover composition and configuration, climate, terrain heterogeneity, and human influence. The inherent hierarchy in the model was from counts occurring, in part, as a function of observers within survey routes within years. We found that the percentage of forested wetlands, an index of wetness potential, and an interaction between mean annual precipitation and deciduous forest patch size best described Cerulean Warbler abundance. Based on a map of relative abundance derived from the posterior parameter estimates, we estimated that only 15% of the species' population occurred on federal land, necessitating active engagement of public landowners and state agencies in the conservation of the breeding habitat for this species. Models of this type can be applied to any data in which the response is counts, such as animal counts, activity (e.g.,nest) counts, or species richness. The most noteworthy practical application of this spatial modeling approach is the ability to map relative species abundance. The functional relationships that we elucidated for the Cerulean Warbler provide a basis for the development of management programs and may serve to focus management and monitoring on areas and habitat variables important to Cerulean Warblers.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5247","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J., and Knutson, M.G., 2004, A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1766-1779, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5247.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1779","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027197,"text":"70027197 - 2004 - Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027197","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Although loess-paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after ???6500 14C yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of ???40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10-25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance downwind from the source, where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation. ?? 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., McGeehin, J., Beann, J., and Fisher, E., 2004, Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 265-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003.","startPage":"265","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003"},{"id":235099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ebe4b0c8380cd5e34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beann, J.","contributorId":24075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, E.","contributorId":103844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027239,"text":"70027239 - 2004 - Uranium-series coral ages from the US Atlantic Coastal Plain-the \"80 ka problem\" revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027239","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series coral ages from the US Atlantic Coastal Plain-the \"80 ka problem\" revisited","docAbstract":"Uranium series coral ages for emergent units from the passive continental margin US Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) suggest sea level above present levels at the end of marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 5, contradicting age-elevation relations based on marine isotopic or coral reef models of ice equivalent sea level. We have reexamined this problem by obtaining high precision 230Th/238U and 231Pa/235U thermal ionization mass spectrometric ages for recently collected and carefully cleaned ACP corals, many in situ. We recognize samples that show no evidence for diagenesis on the basis of uranium isotopic composition and age concordance. Combining new and earlier data, among those ages close to or within the age range of MIS 5, over 85% cluster between 65 and 85 ka BP. Of the corals that we have analyzed, those that show the least evidence for diagenesis on the basis of uranium isotopic composition and age concordance have ages between 80 and 85 ka BP, consistent with a MIS 5a correlation. The units from which these samples have been collected are all emergent and have elevations within ???3-5m of those few units where early stage 5 (???125,000 ka BP) coral ages have been obtained. The ACP appears to record an unusual history of relative sea level throughout MIS 5, a history that is also apparent in the dated coral record for Bermuda. We speculate that this history is related to the regional (near-to intermediate-field) effects of ancestral Laurentide Ice sheets on last interglacial shorelines of the western North Atlantic. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.002","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Wehmiller, J., Simmons, K.R., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Martin-McNaughton, J., York, L., Krantz, D., and Shen, C., 2004, Uranium-series coral ages from the US Atlantic Coastal Plain-the \"80 ka problem\" revisited: Quaternary International, v. 120, no. 1, p. 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.002.","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478072,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/17022","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.002"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdf4e4b08c986b32931e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, H.","contributorId":19752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":69760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin-McNaughton, J.","contributorId":34790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-McNaughton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"York, L.L.","contributorId":58401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shen, C.-C.","contributorId":25018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"C.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70027232,"text":"70027232 - 2004 - Probabilistic assessment of precipitation-triggered landslides using historical records of landslide occurrence, Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T08:30:58","indexId":"70027232","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic assessment of precipitation-triggered landslides using historical records of landslide occurrence, Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Ninety years of historical landslide records were used as input to the Poisson and binomial probability models. Results from these models show that, for precipitation-triggered landslides, approximately 9 percent of the area of Seattle has annual exceedance probabilities of 1 percent or greater. Application of the Poisson model for estimating the future occurrence of individual landslides results in a worst-case scenario map, with a maximum annual exceedance probability of 25 percent on a hillslope near Duwamish Head in West Seattle. Application of the binomial model for estimating the future occurrence of a year with one or more landslides results in a map with a maximum annual exceedance probability of 17 percent (also near Duwamish Head). Slope and geology both play a role in localizing the occurrence of landslides in Seattle. A positive correlation exists between slope and mean exceedance probability, with probability tending to increase as slope increases. Sixty-four percent of all historical landslide locations are within 150 m (500 ft, horizontal distance) of the Esperance Sand/Lawton Clay contact, but within this zone, no positive or negative correlation exists between exceedance probability and distance to the contact.","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.2113/10.2.103","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Michael, J.A., Crovelli, R., Savage, W.U., Nashem, W., and Laprade, W., 2004, Probabilistic assessment of precipitation-triggered landslides using historical records of landslide occurrence, Seattle, Washington: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 10, no. 2, p. 103-122, https://doi.org/10.2113/10.2.103.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-121.122,47.782],[-121.119,47.7756],[-121.108,47.7696],[-121.107,47.7687],[-121.106,47.7646],[-121.09,47.7587],[-121.092,47.7494],[-121.086,47.7435],[-121.079,47.738],[-121.087,47.7246],[-121.083,47.7228],[-121.081,47.7205],[-121.071,47.7178],[-121.067,47.7123],[-121.066,47.7086],[-121.071,47.7049],[-121.089,47.7039],[-121.091,47.6933],[-121.103,47.6919],[-121.107,47.6877],[-121.116,47.6863],[-121.124,47.6816],[-121.127,47.6738],[-121.122,47.6609],[-121.126,47.6559],[-121.133,47.6503],[-121.127,47.6384],[-121.124,47.6297],[-121.115,47.6228],[-121.115,47.6177],[-121.122,47.6108],[-121.111,47.6017],[-121.111,47.5961],[-121.155,47.5936],[-121.166,47.5885],[-121.173,47.5811],[-121.167,47.5775],[-121.18,47.5655],[-121.191,47.5654],[-121.213,47.5658],[-121.227,47.5634],[-121.233,47.5564],[-121.233,47.5436],[-121.245,47.5329],[-121.257,47.5241],[-121.275,47.5249],[-121.289,47.5152],[-121.289,47.5065],[-121.296,47.5005],[-121.298,47.488],[-121.308,47.4838],[-121.316,47.4833],[-121.337,47.4722],[-121.365,47.4637],[-121.376,47.4554],[-121.385,47.4457],[-121.384,47.436],[-121.384,47.4328],[-121.395,47.4332],[-121.404,47.4193],[-121.425,47.4196],[-121.42,47.4086],[-121.424,47.4072],[-121.434,47.3998],[-121.427,47.3861],[-121.441,47.3869],[-121.443,47.3736],[-121.459,47.3757],[-121.465,47.3665],[-121.46,47.3527],[-121.445,47.3446],[-121.436,47.3414],[-121.432,47.335],[-121.431,47.3281],[-121.444,47.3092],[-121.434,47.306],[-121.431,47.2996],[-121.43,47.2928],[-121.422,47.2859],[-121.406,47.2874],[-121.393,47.2879],[-121.378,47.2862],[-121.365,47.2904],[-121.357,47.2895],[-121.355,47.2854],[-121.341,47.2823],[-121.338,47.2773],[-121.336,47.2704],[-121.335,47.2649],[-121.333,47.2621],[-121.331,47.2552],[-121.333,47.2511],[-121.339,47.2469],[-121.344,47.2441],[-121.347,47.245],[-121.355,47.2413],[-121.355,47.2358],[-121.359,47.2335],[-121.365,47.2238],[-121.356,47.222],[-121.347,47.2198],[-121.338,47.2162],[-121.33,47.2162],[-121.32,47.2153],[-121.315,47.2117],[-121.305,47.2003],[-121.303,47.1966],[-121.306,47.1892],[-121.311,47.1819],[-121.312,47.1773],[-121.314,47.1704],[-121.311,47.1639],[-121.306,47.1608],[-121.302,47.1557],[-121.297,47.1521],[-121.296,47.1466],[-121.297,47.1429],[-121.304,47.1378],[-121.313,47.135],[-121.334,47.1339],[-121.342,47.1357],[-121.345,47.1371],[-121.354,47.1389],[-121.365,47.1425],[-121.37,47.1402],[-121.375,47.1374],[-121.389,47.135],[-121.392,47.1276],[-121.401,47.123],[-121.405,47.1124],[-121.396,47.1055],[-121.403,47.1009],[-121.4,47.0959],[-121.389,47.0923],[-121.38,47.0928],[-121.374,47.0869],[-121.381,47.0813],[-121.398,47.0899],[-121.405,47.0931],[-121.413,47.0921],[-121.422,47.0884],[-121.435,47.0851],[-121.443,47.0855],[-121.453,47.0896],[-121.463,47.0968],[-121.471,47.1014],[-121.48,47.1109],[-121.487,47.1146],[-121.504,47.119],[-121.514,47.1222],[-121.524,47.1249],[-121.538,47.122],[-121.545,47.1229],[-121.553,47.1219],[-121.564,47.1195],[-121.578,47.1185],[-121.587,47.1207],[-121.594,47.1239],[-121.603,47.1344],[-121.609,47.1389],[-121.615,47.1444],[-121.621,47.1489],[-121.632,47.153],[-121.64,47.1538],[-121.644,47.1547],[-121.662,47.1559],[-121.668,47.154],[-121.677,47.1503],[-121.719,47.1513],[-121.731,47.1581],[-121.737,47.1594],[-121.744,47.1626],[-121.755,47.1615],[-121.762,47.1656],[-121.775,47.1719],[-121.78,47.1728],[-121.791,47.174],[-121.802,47.168],[-121.808,47.1638],[-121.811,47.1624],[-121.812,47.1578],[-121.819,47.1577],[-121.824,47.154],[-121.831,47.1525],[-121.832,47.1489],[-121.835,47.1461],[-121.841,47.1446],[-121.848,47.1464],[-121.857,47.1468],[-121.861,47.1481],[-121.864,47.1518],[-121.869,47.1513],[-121.881,47.153],[-121.889,47.1543],[-121.897,47.1565],[-121.909,47.1509],[-121.917,47.1494],[-121.926,47.1465],[-121.927,47.1438],[-121.93,47.1405],[-121.946,47.1418],[-121.95,47.1449],[-121.95,47.1546],[-121.967,47.1581],[-121.976,47.1607],[-121.985,47.1629],[-121.989,47.1652],[-121.992,47.1665],[-121.994,47.1706],[-122,47.1687],[-122.01,47.1746],[-122.015,47.1764],[-122.022,47.1768],[-122.032,47.1734],[-122.039,47.172],[-122.048,47.171],[-122.052,47.1718],[-122.061,47.1823],[-122.066,47.1864],[-122.086,47.1921],[-122.096,47.1971],[-122.102,47.2011],[-122.108,47.207],[-122.112,47.2125],[-122.116,47.217],[-122.112,47.2208],[-122.112,47.2226],[-122.119,47.2248],[-122.125,47.2335],[-122.124,47.2385],[-122.135,47.2435],[-122.138,47.2467],[-122.138,47.254],[-122.145,47.2576],[-122.166,47.2578],[-122.228,47.2575],[-122.331,47.258],[-122.334,47.2635],[-122.416,47.3198],[-122.374,47.333],[-122.339,47.3408],[-122.325,47.3606],[-122.326,47.3654],[-122.324,47.371],[-122.326,47.3778],[-122.326,47.3812],[-122.327,47.3831],[-122.327,47.3883],[-122.326,47.3928],[-122.328,47.3963],[-122.328,47.3985],[-122.329,47.3995],[-122.329,47.4003],[-122.33,47.4014],[-122.331,47.4041],[-122.334,47.4075],[-122.354,47.4378],[-122.354,47.4411],[-122.372,47.4487],[-122.382,47.4503],[-122.382,47.4517],[-122.373,47.456],[-122.368,47.4604],[-122.368,47.4618],[-122.37,47.4642],[-122.369,47.4646],[-122.369,47.4658],[-122.37,47.4683],[-122.364,47.4784],[-122.363,47.4787],[-122.361,47.4847],[-122.366,47.4904],[-122.39,47.5052],[-122.399,47.5178],[-122.394,47.5234],[-122.401,47.5311],[-122.398,47.5331],[-122.396,47.5353],[-122.396,47.5364],[-122.411,47.5697],[-122.421,47.5765],[-122.374,47.5862],[-122.372,47.5843],[-122.366,47.5847],[-122.365,47.5851],[-122.363,47.5847],[-122.363,47.5842],[-122.361,47.5817],[-122.361,47.5784],[-122.36,47.5747],[-122.359,47.5747],[-122.359,47.5744],[-122.358,47.5753],[-122.358,47.5756],[-122.359,47.5761],[-122.359,47.5769],[-122.358,47.5775],[-122.359,47.5808],[-122.359,47.5883],[-122.358,47.5897],[-122.356,47.5886],[-122.356,47.5883],[-122.353,47.5883],[-122.353,47.5881],[-122.349,47.59],[-122.348,47.59],[-122.348,47.5903],[-122.346,47.5906],[-122.346,47.5808],[-122.345,47.58],[-122.346,47.5778],[-122.346,47.5744],[-122.345,47.5739],[-122.343,47.5744],[-122.343,47.5817],[-122.344,47.5828],[-122.344,47.5889],[-122.343,47.5892],[-122.343,47.5939],[-122.342,47.5947],[-122.341,47.5947],[-122.34,47.5958],[-122.341,47.5981],[-122.34,47.5993],[-122.337,47.6008],[-122.338,47.6018],[-122.34,47.6025],[-122.339,47.6031],[-122.34,47.604],[-122.34,47.6044],[-122.341,47.6058],[-122.349,47.6095],[-122.349,47.6098],[-122.356,47.6136],[-122.358,47.6159],[-122.358,47.6163],[-122.362,47.6188],[-122.362,47.6192],[-122.366,47.6219],[-122.367,47.6225],[-122.368,47.6225],[-122.368,47.6232],[-122.369,47.6233],[-122.371,47.6248],[-122.378,47.6264],[-122.378,47.6276],[-122.379,47.6321],[-122.379,47.6283],[-122.38,47.6258],[-122.38,47.6264],[-122.381,47.6264],[-122.38,47.6275],[-122.381,47.6278],[-122.381,47.6306],[-122.382,47.6303],[-122.382,47.6261],[-122.383,47.6258],[-122.384,47.6275],[-122.384,47.6328],[-122.387,47.6308],[-122.39,47.63],[-122.392,47.6306],[-122.393,47.6303],[-122.396,47.6308],[-122.396,47.6311],[-122.436,47.6618],[-122.434,47.6625],[-122.434,47.6628],[-122.432,47.6625],[-122.408,47.6689],[-122.408,47.667],[-122.405,47.6662],[-122.404,47.6658],[-122.404,47.6653],[-122.403,47.6653],[-122.403,47.665],[-122.401,47.6653],[-122.399,47.6642],[-122.398,47.6633],[-122.397,47.6633],[-122.396,47.6642],[-122.393,47.6636],[-122.391,47.6639],[-122.386,47.6625],[-122.384,47.6611],[-122.383,47.66],[-122.381,47.6599],[-122.381,47.6596],[-122.372,47.6583],[-122.371,47.6575],[-122.369,47.6567],[-122.368,47.6553],[-122.367,47.6553],[-122.367,47.6567],[-122.368,47.6567],[-122.368,47.6572],[-122.369,47.6572],[-122.369,47.6581],[-122.37,47.6581],[-122.371,47.6592],[-122.373,47.6597],[-122.373,47.66],[-122.374,47.6603],[-122.376,47.66],[-122.376,47.6603],[-122.378,47.6603],[-122.379,47.6606],[-122.39,47.6658],[-122.396,47.6656],[-122.396,47.6653],[-122.397,47.6644],[-122.397,47.6647],[-122.398,47.6653],[-122.399,47.6664],[-122.401,47.6669],[-122.402,47.6664],[-122.403,47.6664],[-122.403,47.6668],[-122.411,47.6776],[-122.41,47.6782],[-122.41,47.6788],[-122.408,47.6823],[-122.407,47.6825],[-122.404,47.6894],[-122.406,47.6944],[-122.381,47.7101],[-122.38,47.7126],[-122.379,47.7132],[-122.376,47.7182],[-122.383,47.7492],[-122.38,47.7566],[-122.38,47.7576],[-122.381,47.7592],[-122.227,47.7768],[-121.972,47.776],[-121.842,47.7769],[-121.713,47.7785],[-121.518,47.7783],[-121.496,47.778],[-121.453,47.7783],[-121.453,47.781],[-121.198,47.7793],[-121.193,47.7794],[-121.193,47.7821],[-121.153,47.7823],[-121.122,47.782]],[[-122.381,47.6306],[-122.381,47.6331],[-122.382,47.6328],[-122.382,47.6322],[-122.381,47.6306]]],[[[-122.452,47.5036],[-122.451,47.5031],[-122.451,47.5025],[-122.456,47.5],[-122.456,47.4994],[-122.458,47.4986],[-122.458,47.4978],[-122.46,47.4967],[-122.46,47.4904],[-122.461,47.4867],[-122.46,47.4863],[-122.46,47.4858],[-122.459,47.4852],[-122.458,47.4839],[-122.456,47.483],[-122.456,47.4824],[-122.451,47.4803],[-122.447,47.4777],[-122.443,47.4714],[-122.436,47.4686],[-122.434,47.4659],[-122.434,47.4648],[-122.435,47.4644],[-122.437,47.4622],[-122.437,47.4616],[-122.438,47.4611],[-122.438,47.46],[-122.439,47.4591],[-122.444,47.4528],[-122.44,47.4496],[-122.44,47.4485],[-122.441,47.4467],[-122.44,47.4461],[-122.44,47.4367],[-122.439,47.4344],[-122.437,47.4325],[-122.437,47.432],[-122.436,47.4309],[-122.436,47.4298],[-122.435,47.4281],[-122.43,47.4246],[-122.43,47.4215],[-122.433,47.4214],[-122.439,47.4182],[-122.439,47.4158],[-122.438,47.4142],[-122.438,47.4133],[-122.437,47.4115],[-122.438,47.4081],[-122.437,47.4072],[-122.432,47.4042],[-122.432,47.4039],[-122.43,47.403],[-122.427,47.4022],[-122.413,47.4003],[-122.404,47.4],[-122.403,47.4002],[-122.395,47.3992],[-122.391,47.3977],[-122.389,47.3964],[-122.386,47.3953],[-122.378,47.3913],[-122.378,47.391],[-122.376,47.39],[-122.374,47.3883],[-122.374,47.3878],[-122.375,47.3864],[-122.381,47.3847],[-122.388,47.3843],[-122.392,47.3825],[-122.393,47.3825],[-122.393,47.3823],[-122.396,47.3825],[-122.401,47.3811],[-122.402,47.3804],[-122.403,47.3784],[-122.411,47.3774],[-122.412,47.3766],[-122.415,47.376],[-122.417,47.3749],[-122.423,47.3706],[-122.423,47.3703],[-122.424,47.37],[-122.429,47.3698],[-122.439,47.3654],[-122.441,47.3628],[-122.444,47.3615],[-122.444,47.361],[-122.445,47.36],[-122.446,47.3567],[-122.447,47.3564],[-122.448,47.3555],[-122.448,47.355],[-122.45,47.3516],[-122.451,47.3511],[-122.452,47.3496],[-122.452,47.3491],[-122.453,47.3486],[-122.454,47.3465],[-122.454,47.344],[-122.455,47.3436],[-122.455,47.3433],[-122.457,47.3428],[-122.46,47.3433],[-122.462,47.3433],[-122.465,47.3438],[-122.469,47.345],[-122.475,47.3492],[-122.475,47.3498],[-122.476,47.3503],[-122.476,47.3513],[-122.477,47.3528],[-122.477,47.3533],[-122.476,47.3542],[-122.474,47.3575],[-122.474,47.3599],[-122.473,47.3619],[-122.469,47.3659],[-122.467,47.367],[-122.466,47.3681],[-122.466,47.3708],[-122.465,47.3715],[-122.465,47.3733],[-122.464,47.3742],[-122.463,47.3744],[-122.46,47.3736],[-122.459,47.3731],[-122.459,47.3725],[-122.457,47.3711],[-122.454,47.3706],[-122.452,47.3725],[-122.452,47.3735],[-122.45,47.3755],[-122.448,47.3767],[-122.448,47.3772],[-122.443,47.3823],[-122.443,47.3828],[-122.433,47.387],[-122.433,47.3878],[-122.432,47.3893],[-122.432,47.3903],[-122.433,47.3914],[-122.437,47.3925],[-122.438,47.3946],[-122.439,47.3951],[-122.439,47.4061],[-122.444,47.4053],[-122.449,47.4023],[-122.449,47.4025],[-122.452,47.403],[-122.461,47.4016],[-122.463,47.4005],[-122.465,47.3968],[-122.465,47.3939],[-122.466,47.3933],[-122.466,47.3928],[-122.467,47.3925],[-122.467,47.3919],[-122.463,47.3906],[-122.462,47.3908],[-122.461,47.3916],[-122.461,47.3925],[-122.46,47.3933],[-122.458,47.3937],[-122.456,47.3947],[-122.455,47.3948],[-122.455,47.395],[-122.451,47.3947],[-122.451,47.3944],[-122.449,47.3937],[-122.447,47.3896],[-122.447,47.3878],[-122.451,47.3842],[-122.453,47.3838],[-122.454,47.3839],[-122.454,47.3842],[-122.459,47.3862],[-122.47,47.3875],[-122.472,47.3875],[-122.478,47.3854],[-122.48,47.3842],[-122.48,47.3838],[-122.485,47.3798],[-122.485,47.3771],[-122.486,47.3764],[-122.486,47.3722],[-122.487,47.3715],[-122.487,47.3697],[-122.488,47.3693],[-122.488,47.3603],[-122.49,47.3542],[-122.49,47.3525],[-122.491,47.3507],[-122.491,47.3458],[-122.492,47.3436],[-122.492,47.3376],[-122.491,47.3354],[-122.491,47.3325],[-122.494,47.3308],[-122.495,47.3306],[-122.504,47.3309],[-122.505,47.3311],[-122.507,47.333],[-122.509,47.3321],[-122.509,47.3332],[-122.51,47.3334],[-122.512,47.3331],[-122.517,47.3334],[-122.52,47.3342],[-122.521,47.3353],[-122.522,47.3357],[-122.524,47.3379],[-122.524,47.3383],[-122.527,47.3427],[-122.528,47.3449],[-122.528,47.3528],[-122.527,47.3534],[-122.526,47.3577],[-122.526,47.3588],[-122.525,47.3594],[-122.525,47.3614],[-122.523,47.3646],[-122.522,47.3668],[-122.521,47.3669],[-122.521,47.3672],[-122.52,47.3674],[-122.519,47.3674],[-122.519,47.3677],[-122.517,47.369],[-122.516,47.3701],[-122.516,47.3766],[-122.515,47.3785],[-122.516,47.379],[-122.518,47.3827],[-122.522,47.3855],[-122.527,47.3933],[-122.528,47.3972],[-122.523,47.4014],[-122.522,47.4019],[-122.521,47.403],[-122.521,47.4041],[-122.522,47.4045],[-122.522,47.4067],[-122.521,47.4076],[-122.521,47.4085],[-122.517,47.4118],[-122.517,47.4122],[-122.516,47.4125],[-122.514,47.4142],[-122.514,47.4152],[-122.512,47.4219],[-122.512,47.433],[-122.513,47.4339],[-122.513,47.4371],[-122.514,47.4384],[-122.514,47.44],[-122.513,47.4418],[-122.513,47.4461],[-122.514,47.4483],[-122.514,47.4488],[-122.513,47.4505],[-122.513,47.4533],[-122.511,47.4549],[-122.51,47.4549],[-122.51,47.4573],[-122.508,47.4601],[-122.508,47.4616],[-122.505,47.4628],[-122.504,47.4637],[-122.503,47.466],[-122.503,47.4673],[-122.502,47.4675],[-122.502,47.4672],[-122.501,47.4673],[-122.499,47.4683],[-122.499,47.4693],[-122.498,47.4697],[-122.498,47.4728],[-122.497,47.4735],[-122.497,47.4741],[-122.498,47.4745],[-122.498,47.476],[-122.496,47.4764],[-122.496,47.4767],[-122.495,47.4772],[-122.491,47.4786],[-122.491,47.479],[-122.49,47.4796],[-122.486,47.4798],[-122.484,47.4802],[-122.484,47.4805],[-122.483,47.481],[-122.48,47.4847],[-122.48,47.4869],[-122.481,47.488],[-122.481,47.4889],[-122.479,47.494],[-122.479,47.4959],[-122.478,47.4985],[-122.478,47.5041],[-122.477,47.5047],[-122.476,47.5061],[-122.476,47.5085],[-122.477,47.5092],[-122.477,47.5102],[-122.473,47.5112],[-122.469,47.5106],[-122.456,47.506],[-122.456,47.5056],[-122.452,47.5036]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"King\",\"state\":\"WA\"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c8ae4b0c8380cd7e742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, William U. wusavage@usgs.gov","contributorId":2448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"wusavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":763668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nashem, W.D.","contributorId":82104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashem","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laprade, W.T.","contributorId":17411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laprade","given":"W.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027216,"text":"70027216 - 2004 - Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:54:34","indexId":"70027216","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model","docAbstract":"

A conceptual model of fine sediment transport between a river and a bay is proposed, based on observations at two rivers feeding the same bay. The conceptual model consists of river, transitional, and bay regimes. Within the transitional regime, resuspension, advection, and deposition create a mass of sediment that oscillates landward and seaward. While suspended, this sediment mass forms an estuarine turbidity maximum. At slack tides this sediment mass temporarily deposits on the bed, creating landward and seaward deposits. Tidal excursion and slack tide deposition limit the range of the sediment mass. To verify this conceptual model, data from two small tributary rivers of San Pablo Bay are presented. Tidal variability of suspended-sediment concentration markedly differs between the landward and seaward deposits, allowing interpretation of the intratidal movement of the oscillating sediment mass. Application of this model in suitable estuaries will assist in numerical model calibration as well as in data interpretation. A similar model has been applied to some larger-scale European estuaries, which bear a geometric resemblance to the systems analyzed in this study. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.020","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., Warner, J., Barad, M., and Schladow, S., 2004, Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: A conceptual model: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 60, no. 1, p. 81-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -121.87408447265625,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -121.87408447265625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -122.65686035156249,\n 37.801103690609615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb376e4b08c986b325dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barad, M.F.","contributorId":11900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barad","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015190,"text":"1015190 - 2004 - Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T19:37:34.904223","indexId":"1015190","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator","docAbstract":"

Reliable estimates of nest survival are essential for assessing strategies for avian conservation. We review the history of modifications and alternatives for estimating nest survival, with a focus on four techniques: apparent nest success, the Mayfield estimator, the Stanley method, and program MARK. The widely used Mayfield method avoids the known positive bias inherent in apparent nest success by estimating daily survival rates using the number of exposure days, eliminating the need to monitor nests from initiation. Concerns that some of Mayfield's assumptions were restrictive stimulated the development of new techniques. Stanley's method allows for calculation of stage-specific daily survival rates when transition and failure dates are unknown, and eliminates Mayfield's assumption that failure occurred midway through the nest-check interval. Program MARK obviates Mayfield's assumption of constant daily survival within nesting stages and evaluates variation in nest survival as a function of biologically relevant factors. These innovative methods facilitate the evaluation of nest survival using an information-theoretic approach. We illustrate use of these methods with Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) nest data from the Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado. Nest survival estimates calculated using Mayfield, Stanley, and MARK methods were similar, but apparent nest success estimates ranged 1– 24% greater than the other estimates. MARK analysis revealed that survival of Lark Bunting nests differed between site–year groups, declined with both nest age and time in season, but did not vary with weather parameters. We encourage researchers to use these approaches to gain reliable and meaningful nest survival estimates.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornitological Society","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.3.472","usgsCitation":"Jehle, G., Yackel Adams, A., Savidge, J.A., and Skagen, S., 2004, Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator: The Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 472-484, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.472.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.472","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jehle, G.","contributorId":27414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jehle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, A. A. 0000-0002-7044-8447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":16792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027543,"text":"70027543 - 2004 - The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027543","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem","docAbstract":"A benchmark problem involving the rotating movement of three immiscible fluids is proposed for verifying the density-dependent flow component of groundwater flow codes. The problem consists of a two-dimensional strip in the vertical plane filled with three fluids of different densities separated by interfaces. Initially, the interfaces between the fluids make a 45??angle with the horizontal. Over time, the fluids rotate to the stable position whereby the interfaces are horizontal; all flow is caused by density differences. Two cases of the problem are presented, one resulting in a symmetric flow field and one resulting in an asymmetric flow field. An exact analytical solution for the initial flow field is presented by application of the vortex theory and complex variables. Numerical results are obtained using three variable-density groundwater flow codes (SWI, MOCDENS3D, and SEAWAT). Initial horizontal velocities of the interfaces, as simulated by the three codes, compare well with the exact solution. The three codes are used to simulate the positions of the interfaces at two times; the three codes produce nearly identical results. The agreement between the results is evidence that the specific rotational behavior predicted by the models is correct. It also shows that the proposed problem may be used to benchmark variable-density codes. It is concluded that the three models can be used to model accurately the movement of interfaces between immiscible fluids, and have little or no numerical dispersion. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Oude, E.G., and Langevin, C., 2004, The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem: Journal of Hydrology, v. 287, no. 1-4, p. 270-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007.","startPage":"270","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007"},{"id":238163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafabe4b08c986b324974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, M.","contributorId":82918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oude, Essink G.H.P.","contributorId":104280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oude","given":"Essink","email":"","middleInitial":"G.H.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027501,"text":"70027501 - 2004 - EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027501","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","docAbstract":"The study of mercury sorption products in model systems using appropriate in situ molecular-scale probes can provide detailed information on the modes of sorption at mineral/water interfaces. Such studies are essential for assessing the influence of sorption processes on the transport of Hg in contaminated natural systems. Macroscopic uptake of Hg(II) on goethite (??-FeOOH), ??-alumina (??-Al2O3), and bayerite (??-Al(OH)3) as a function of pH has been combined with Hg L III-edge EXAFS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and bond valence analysis of possible sorption products to provide this type of information. Macroscopic uptake measurements show that Hg(II) sorbs strongly to fine-grained powders of synthetic goethite (Hg sorption density ??=0.39-0.42 ??mol/m2) and bayerite (??=0.39-0.44 ??mol/m2), while sorbing more weakly to ??-alumina (??=0.04-0.13 ??mol/m 2). EXAFS spectroscopy on the sorption samples shows that the dominant mode of Hg sorption on these phases is as monodentate and bidentate inner-sphere complexes. The mode of Hg(II) sorption to goethite was similar over the pH range 4.3-7.4, as were those of Hg(II) sorption to bayerite over the pH range 5.1-7.9. Conversion of the ??-Al2O3 sorbent to a bayerite-like phase in addition to the apparent reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I), possibly by photoreduction during EXAFS data collection, resulted in enhanced Hg uptake from pH 5.2-7.8 and changes in the modes of sorption that correlate with the formation of the bayerite-like phase. Bond valence calculations are consistent with the sorption modes proposed from EXAFS analysis. EXAFS analysis of Hg(II) sorption products on a natural Fe oxyhydroxide precipitate and Al/Si-bearing flocculent material showed sorption products and modes of surface attachment similar to those for the model substrates, indicating that the model substrates are useful surrogates for the natural sediments. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2004, EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 271, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8"},{"id":238016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046be4b0c8380cd50992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026769,"text":"70026769 - 2004 - Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026769","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers","docAbstract":"The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)) against controlled water velocities of 1.5-4.5 m??s-1 in a large, open-channel flume. Performance was strictly voluntary: no coercive incentives were used to motivate fish to sprint. We used these data to generate models of maximum distance traversed, taking into account effects of flow velocity, body length, and temperature. Although the maximum distance traversed decreased with increasing velocity, the magnitude of this effect varied among species. Other covariate effects were likewise variable, with divergent effects of temperature and nonuniform length effects. These effects do not account for all of the variability in performance, however, and behavioral traits may account for observed interspecific differences. We propose the models be used to develop criteria for fish passage structures, culverts, and breached dams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F04-093","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T., Noreika, J., and Odeh, M., 2004, Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 9, p. 1590-1601, https://doi.org/10.1139/F04-093.","startPage":"1590","endPage":"1601","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F04-093"},{"id":234141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba332e4b08c986b31fbf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, T. 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":12416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noreika, J.","contributorId":51249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026722,"text":"70026722 - 2004 - Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026722","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","docAbstract":"The stable isotope of oxygen, 18O, is used as a naturally occurring ground-water tracer. Time-series data for ??18O are analyzed to model the distinct responses and relative proportions of the conduit, intermediate, and diffuse flow components in karst aquifers. This analysis also describes mathematically the dynamics of the transient fluid interchange between conduits and diffusive networks. Conduit and intermediate flow are described by linear-systems methods, whereas diffuse flow is described by mass-balance methods. An automated optimization process estimates parameters of lognormal, Pearson type III, and gamma distributions, which are used as transfer functions in linear-systems analysis. Diffuse flow and mixing parameters also are estimated by these optimization methods. Results indicate the relative proximity of a well to a main conduit flowpath and can help to predict the movement and residence times of potential contaminants. The three-component linear model is applied to five wells, which respond to changes in the isotopic composition of point recharge water from a sinking stream in the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Flow velocities as much as 540 m/d and system memories of as much as 71 years are estimated by this method. Also, the mean, median, and standard deviation of traveltimes; time to peak response; and the relative fraction of flow for each of the three components are determined for these wells. This analysis infers that flow may branch apart and rejoin as a result of an anastomotic (or channeled) karst network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2004, Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 296, no. 1-4, p. 254-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023.","startPage":"254","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023"},{"id":234390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47c3e4b0c8380cd67963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026723,"text":"70026723 - 2004 - Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026723","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model","docAbstract":"Researchers have been coupling geographic information systems (GIS) data handling and processing capability to watershed and waterquality models for many years. This capability is suited for the development of databases appropriate for water modeling. However, it is rare for GIS to provide direct inputs to the models. To demonstrate the logical procedure of coupling GIS for model parameter extraction, we selected the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model. Investigators can generate data layers at various resolutions and resample to pixel sizes to support models at particular scales. We developed databases of elevation, land cover, and soils at various resolutions in four watersheds. The ability to use multiresolution databases for the generation of model parameters is problematic for grid-based models. We used database development procedures and observed the effects of resolution and resampling on GIS input datasets and parameters generated from those inputs for AGNPS. Results indicate that elevation values at specific points compare favorably between 3- and 30-m raster datasets. Categorical data analysis indicates that land cover classes vary significantly. Derived parameters parallel the results of the base GIS datasets. Analysis of data resampled from 30-m to 60-, 120-, 210-, 240-, 480-, 960-, and 1920-m pixels indicates a general degradation of both elevation and land cover correlations as resolution decreases. Initial evaluation of model output values for soluble nitrogen and phosphorous indicates similar degradation with resolution. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z","issn":"14355930","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Finn, M., Scheidt, D.J., Ruhl, S., Beard, T., and Bearden, M., 2004, Geospatial data resampling and resolution effects on watershed modeling: A case study using the agricultural non-point source pollution model: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 6, no. 3, p. 289-306, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z.","startPage":"289","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0138-z"},{"id":234356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28aae4b0c8380cd5a2d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheidt, Daniel J.","contributorId":43393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruhl, S.","contributorId":44329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, T.","contributorId":36337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bearden, M.","contributorId":68510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027384,"text":"70027384 - 2004 - Estimating survival and recruitment in a freshwater mussel population using mark-recapture techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:19:48.299255","indexId":"70027384","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival and recruitment in a freshwater mussel population using mark-recapture techniques","docAbstract":"

We used a mark-recapture method and model averaging to estimate apparent survival, recruitment and rate of population growth in a native freshwater mussel population at a site on the Cacapon River, which is a tributary to the Potomac River. Over 2200 Elliptio complanata, E. fisheriana and Lampsilis cariosa were uniquely tagged over a period of 4 y. Recapture probabilities were higher in spring and summer than in winter except for L. cariosa which had a low probability of recapture regardless of time of year. All three species had high annual adult survival rates (>90%) with lower estimated survival of small (≤55 mm) mussels (43%-69%). The variation in apparent survival over time was similar for all three species. This suggests that whatever environmental variables affect survival of mussels in this site affected all three species the same. Recruitment rates were low (1-4%) for both E. complanata and L. cariosa, with E. fisheriana having several periods of high (15-23%) recruitment. Distribution within the site was affected by both downstream and upstream movement, though movement rates were generally <1%. Average population growth rates for E. complanata ((λ = 0.996, se = 0.053), L. cariosa (λ = 0.993, se = 0.076) and E. fisheriana (λ = 1.084, se = 0.276) indicated static populations. Population growth rate approximating 1.0 suggests this site supports a stable freshwater mussel population through a life history strategy of low but constant recruitment and high annual adult survival.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0114:ESARIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Villella, R., Smith, D., and Lemarie, D.P., 2004, Estimating survival and recruitment in a freshwater mussel population using mark-recapture techniques: American Midland Naturalist, v. 151, no. 1, p. 114-133, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0114:ESARIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.35174560546875,\n 39.51993294050091\n ],\n [\n -77.9425048828125,\n 39.51993294050091\n ],\n [\n -77.9425048828125,\n 39.69556418405592\n ],\n [\n -78.35174560546875,\n 39.69556418405592\n ],\n [\n -78.35174560546875,\n 39.51993294050091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b03e4b0c8380cd5250a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villella, R.F.","contributorId":53323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174308,"text":"70174308 - 2004 - Spatial and temporal variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in a shallow estuarine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T16:06:26.954975","indexId":"70174308","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in a shallow estuarine environment","docAbstract":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

Shallow subembayments respond differently than deep channels to physical forces acting in estuaries. The U.S. Geological Survey measured suspended-sediment concentrations at five locations in Honker Bay, a shallow subembayment of San Francisco Bay, and the adjacent channel to investigate the spatial and temporal differences between deep and shallow estuarine environments. During the first freshwater pulse of the wet season, the channel tended to transport suspended sediments through the system, whereas the shallow area acted as off-channel storage where deposition would likely occur. Following the freshwater pulse, suspended-sediment concentrations were greater in Honker Bay than in the adjacent deep channel, due to the larger supply of erodible sediment on the bed. However, the tidal variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in both Honker Bay and in the adjacent channel was greater after the freshwater pulse than before. During wind events, suspended-sediment concentrations in the channel were not affected; however, wind played a crucial role in the resuspension of sediments in the shallows. Despite wind-wave sediment resuspension in Honker Bay, tidally averaged suspended-sediment flux was controlled by the flood-dominated currents.

\n

 

\n
\n
\n
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"eScholarship University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2004v2iss2art1","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., and Schoellhamer, D., 2004, Spatial and temporal variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in a shallow estuarine environment: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 2, no. 2, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2004v2iss2art1.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2004v2iss2art1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0112419128418,\n 38.032543457405296\n ],\n [\n -122.0112419128418,\n 38.093768409604515\n ],\n [\n -121.89056396484375,\n 38.093768409604515\n ],\n [\n -121.89056396484375,\n 38.032543457405296\n ],\n [\n -122.0112419128418,\n 38.032543457405296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d33e4b0ef4d2f45fac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Catherine A. 0000-0002-7989-8815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-8815","contributorId":53414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027266,"text":"70027266 - 2004 - Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:28:09","indexId":"70027266","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River","docAbstract":"

Lateral dispersion coefficients for two dispersants were determined for three sections of the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River. The dispersants were the specific conductance and an industrial organic compound (trimethyltriazinetrione). Three models based on the stream tube concept were used, and lateral dispersion coefficients computed from these models were comparable. Coefficients for the two dispersants also were comparable. Lateral dispersion coefficients were consistent with expectations based on the characteristics of the river sections. Overall average values were 0.444 m2/s for a relatively straight section of river, 1.69 m2/s for a section containing two sharp bends, and 2.22 m2/s for a long section containing four sharp bends and several small islands. The lateral dispersion coefficients measured for the Mississippi River are consistent with literature data and a water discharge relation. Results of this study provide lateral dispersion coefficients for a water discharge not previously reported in the literature as well as new values for the Mississippi River.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002381","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Rostad, C., 2004, Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 5, W05207; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002381.","productDescription":"W05207; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002381","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River, Mississippi River","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4572e4b0c8380cd67319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026724,"text":"70026724 - 2004 - Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026724","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California","docAbstract":"Severe fire weather is a major determinant of fire size in coastal California; however, it is unclear to what extent antecedent climate also controls fire activity. This study investigates the relationship between fire activity and climate in central coastal and southern California. Climate variables included the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), total monthly precipitation, mean monthly maximum temperature and the autumn and winter Southern Oscillation Indices (SOI). For both the central coast and the south coast regions there was no significant relationship between growing season PDSI, precipitation or temperature and number of fires. When examined by season, summer temperatures were positively correlated with number of fires in the central coast and autumn PDSI and precipitation were negatively correlated with fire occurrence in the south coast region. Area burned was not correlated with any current year climate variables in southern California although, in the central coast, drought during spring and autumn were correlated, but explained less than 10% of the variation in the area burned. Although there was a modest relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and local climate parameters, there was only a relatively weak relationship with fire activity. The importance of autumn foehn winds is illustrated by the observation that large fires occur most commonly during the autumn, regardless of PDSI. Antecedent climate, however, does appear to play some role in determining the length of the fire season on these landscape as PDSI is consistently related to the occurrence of large fires that occur before or after the autumn months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF03037","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 2004, Impact of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 13, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF03037.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF03037"},{"id":234357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b3e4b0c8380cd6166f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027751,"text":"70027751 - 2004 - Application of ground-penetrating radar, digital optical borehole images, and cores for characterization of porosity hydraulic conductivity and paleokarst in the Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027751","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of ground-penetrating radar, digital optical borehole images, and cores for characterization of porosity hydraulic conductivity and paleokarst in the Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"This paper presents examples of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data from two study sites in southeastern Florida where karstic Pleistocene platform carbonates that comprise the unconfined Biscayne aquifer were imaged. Important features shown on resultant GPR profiles include: (1) upward and lateral qualitative interpretative distribution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity; (2) paleotopographic relief on karstic subaerial exposure surfaces; and (3) vertical stacking of chronostratigraphic high-frequency cycles (HFCs). These characteristics were verified by comparison to rock properties observed and measured in core samples, and identified in digital optical borehole images. Results demonstrate that an empirical relation exists between measured whole-core porosity and hydraulic conductivity, observed porosity on digital optical borehole images, formation conductivity, and GPR reflection amplitudes-as porosity and hydraulic conductivity determined from core and borehole images increases, formation conductivity increases, and GPR reflection amplitude decreases. This relation allows for qualitative interpretation of the vertical and lateral distribution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity within HFCs. Two subtidal HFCs in the uppermost Biscayne aquifer have significantly unique populations of whole-core porosity values and vertical hydraulic conductivity values. Porosity measurements from one cycle has a median value about two to three times greater than the values from the other HFC, and median values of vertical hydraulic-conductivity about three orders of magnitude higher than the other HFC. The HFC with the higher porosity and hydraulic conductivity values is shown as a discrete package of relatively low-amplitude reflections, whereas the HFC characterized by lower porosity and hydraulic-conductivity measurements is expressed by higher amplitude reflections. Porosity and hydraulic-conductivity values measured from whole-core samples, and vuggy porosity identified on digital borehole images from shallowing-upward, peritidal HFCs show that the highest porosity occurs at the base of the cycles, moderate porosity at the middle of the cycles, and lowest porosity occurs at the top of cycles. Hydraulic conductivity is also highest at the base of the peritidal cycles and lowest in the middle to upper parts of cycles. This change in porosity and hydraulic conductivity from bottom to top is visible as an upward variation in reflection amplitude on GPR profiles-lowest amplitudes at the base and highest at the cycle tops. This study demonstrates that GPR can be used to show the qualitative distribution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity within a cycle-stratigraphic framework composed of carbonate HFCs. The distribution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity within HFCs is related to depositional textures. The upward and lateral patterns of the rock facies within the HFCs can be translated to geophysical-log properties and radar facies configurations that could aid in interpretation and prediction of ground-water flow through a carbonate aquifer. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.005","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K., 2004, Application of ground-penetrating radar, digital optical borehole images, and cores for characterization of porosity hydraulic conductivity and paleokarst in the Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida, USA: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.005.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.005"},{"id":238505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca2e4b0c8380cd493c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027790,"text":"70027790 - 2004 - Simulated hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in the Merced, Carson, and American River basins, Sierra Nevada, California, 1900-2099 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:02:53","indexId":"70027790","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in the Merced, Carson, and American River basins, Sierra Nevada, California, 1900-2099 ","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic responses of river basins in the Sierra Nevada of California to historical and future climate variations and changes are assessed by simulating daily streamflow and water-balance responses to simulated climate variations over a continuous 200-yr period. The coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice-land Parallel Climate Model provides the simulated climate histories, and existing hydrologic models of the Merced, Carson, and American Rivers are used to simulate the basin responses. The historical simulations yield stationary climate and hydrologic variations through the first part of the 20th century until about 1975 when temperatures begin to warm noticeably and when snowmelt and streamflow peaks begin to occur progressively earlier within the seasonal cycle. A future climate simulated with business-as-usual increases in greenhouse-gas and aerosol radiative forcings continues those recent trends through the 21st century with an attendant +2.5 °C warming and a hastening of snowmelt and streamflow within the seasonal cycle by almost a month. The various projected trends in the business-as-usual simulations become readily visible despite realistic simulated natural climatic and hydrologic variability by about 2025. In contrast to these changes that are mostly associated with streamflow timing, long-term average totals of streamflow and other hydrologic fluxes remain similar to the historical mean in all three simulations. A control simulation in which radiative forcings are held constant at 1995 levels for the 50 years following 1995 yields climate and streamflow timing conditions much like the 1980s and 1990s throughout its duration. The availability of continuous climate-change projection outputs and careful design of initial conditions and control experiments, like those utilized here, promise to improve the quality and usability of future climate-change impact assessments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013683.13346.4f","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Meyer, M., and Jeton, A., 2004, Simulated hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in the Merced, Carson, and American River basins, Sierra Nevada, California, 1900-2099 : Climatic Change, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 283-317, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013683.13346.4f.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"317","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013683.13346.4f"},{"id":237997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb1e4b08c986b3190a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M.K.","contributorId":66474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeton, A.","contributorId":65658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027791,"text":"70027791 - 2004 - Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027791","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon?","docAbstract":"Aims Extensive dieback of salt marsh dominated by the perennial grass Spartina alterniflora occurred throughout the Mississippi River deltaic plain during 2000. More than 100,000 ha were affected, with 43,000 ha severely damaged. The aim of this work was to determine if sudden dieback could have been caused by a coincident drought and to assess the significance of this event with respect to long-term changes in coastal vegetation. Location Multiple dieback sites and reference sites were established along 150 km of shoreline in coastal Louisiana, USA. Methods Aerial and ground surveys were conducted from June 2000 to September 2001 to assess soil conditions and plant mortality and recovery. Results Dieback areas ranged in size from???300 m2-5 km2 in area with 50-100% mortality of plant shoots and rhizomes in affected zones. Co-occurring species such as Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Juncus roemerianus (needlegrass rush) were unaffected. Historical records indicate that precipitation, river discharge, and mean sea level were unusually low during the previous year. Although the cause of dieback is currently unknown, plant and soil characteristics were consistent with temporary soil desiccation that may have reduced water availability, increased soil salinity, and/or caused soil acidification (via pyrite oxidation) and increased uptake of toxic metals such as Fe or Al. Plant recovery 15 months after dieback was variable (0-58% live cover), but recovering plants were vigorous and indicated no longlasting effects of the dieback agent. Main conclusions These findings have relevance for global change models of coastal ecosystems that predict vegetation responses based primarily on long-term increases in sea level and submergence of marshes. Our results suggest that large-scale changes in coastal vegetation may occur over a relatively short time span through climatic extremes acting in concert with sea-level fluctuations and pre-existing soil conditions. ?? 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00075.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"McKee, K., Mendelssohn, I., and Materne, M., 2004, Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon?: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 13, no. 1, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00075.x.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478119,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-882x.2004.00075.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00075.x"},{"id":237998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d6e4b0c8380cd47671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Materne, M.D.","contributorId":60432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Materne","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027801,"text":"70027801 - 2004 - A Complex Systems Model Approach to Quantified Mineral Resource Appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027801","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Complex Systems Model Approach to Quantified Mineral Resource Appraisal","docAbstract":"For federal and state land management agencies, mineral resource appraisal has evolved from value-based to outcome-based procedures wherein the consequences of resource development are compared with those of other management options. Complex systems modeling is proposed as a general framework in which to build models that can evaluate outcomes. Three frequently used methods of mineral resource appraisal (subjective probabilistic estimates, weights of evidence modeling, and fuzzy logic modeling) are discussed to obtain insight into methods of incorporating complexity into mineral resource appraisal models. Fuzzy logic and weights of evidence are most easily utilized in complex systems models. A fundamental product of new appraisals is the production of reusable, accessible databases and methodologies so that appraisals can easily be repeated with new or refined data. The data are representations of complex systems and must be so regarded if all of their information content is to be utilized. The proposed generalized model framework is applicable to mineral assessment and other geoscience problems. We begin with a (fuzzy) cognitive map using (+1,0,-1) values for the links and evaluate the map for various scenarios to obtain a ranking of the importance of various links. Fieldwork and modeling studies identify important links and help identify unanticipated links. Next, the links are given membership functions in accordance with the data. Finally, processes are associated with the links; ideally, the controlling physical and chemical events and equations are found for each link. After calibration and testing, this complex systems model is used for predictions under various scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-2835-7","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., Bultman, M., and Fisher, F., 2004, A Complex Systems Model Approach to Quantified Mineral Resource Appraisal: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. 1, p. 87-98, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-2835-7.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-2835-7"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2d3e4b0c8380cd45c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bultman, M.W.","contributorId":107306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, F. S.","contributorId":36149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"F. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175709,"text":"70175709 - 2004 - The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T12:30:57","indexId":"70175709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2957,"text":"Oregon Historical Society Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia","docAbstract":"

Travelers reacting Lewis and Clark's journey to the Pacific over the past two hundred years have witnessed tremendous change to the Columbia River Gorge and its primary feature, the Columbia River. Dams, reservoirs, timer harvest, altered fisheries, transportation infrastructure, and growth and shrinkage of communities have transformed the river and valley. This radically different geography of human use and habitation is  commonly contrasted with the sometimes romantic view of a prior time provided both by early nineteenth-century chronicle and present day critics of the modern condition - an ectopia of plentiful and perpetual resources sustaining a stable culture from time immemorial. Reality is more complicated. Certainly the human-caused changes to the Columbia River and the gorge since Lewis and Clark have been profound; by the geologic history of immense floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions that occurred before the journey had equally, if not more, acute effects on landscapes and societies of the gorge. In many ways, the Lewis and Clark Expidition can be viewed as a hinge point for the Columbia River, the changes engineered to the river and its valley in the two hundred years since their visit mirrored by tremendous cchanges geologically engendered in the thousands of years before. 

","issn":"00304727","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J.E., 2004, The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia: Oregon Historical Society Quarterly, v. 105, no. 3, p. 390-321.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6fe4b03fd6b7d94c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, James E. oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":75443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"James","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027264,"text":"70027264 - 2004 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","docAbstract":"We observed Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the laboratory and found free embryos (first interval after hatching) hid under rocks and did not migrate. Thus, wild embryos should be at the spawning area. Larvae (first interval feeding exogenously) initiated a slow downstream migration, and some juveniles (interval with adult features) continued to migrate slowly for at least 5 months, e.g., a 1-step long larva-juvenile migration. No other population of sturgeon yet studied has this migration style. A conceptual model using this result suggests wild year-0 sturgeon have a variable downstream migration style with short-duration (short distance) migrants and long-duration (long distance) migrants. This migration style should widely disperse wild fish. The model is supported by field studies that found year-0 juveniles are widely dispersed in fresh water to river km 10. Thus, laboratory and field data agree that the entire freshwater reach of river downstream of spawning is nursery habitat. Foraging position of larvae and early juveniles was mostly on the bottom, but fish also spent hours holding position in the water column, an unusual feeding location for sturgeons. The holding position of fish above the bottom suggests benthic forage in the river is scarce and fish have evolved drift feeding. The unusual migration and foraging styles may be adaptations to rear in a river at the southern limit of the species range with poor rearing habitat (low abundance of benthic forage and high summer water temperatures). Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon and Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon, A. o. oxyrinchus, are similar for initiation of migration, early habitat preference, and diel migration. The two subspecies differ greatly for migration and foraging styles, which is likely related to major differences in the quality of rearing habitat. The differences between Atlantic sturgeon populations show the need for geographical studies to represent the behavior of an entire species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Parker, E., 2004, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ebfi.0000022855.96143.95","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95"},{"id":235525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e51e4b0c8380cd755b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, E.","contributorId":101429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174776,"text":"70174776 - 2004 - Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T11:54:46","indexId":"70174776","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium","conferenceDate":"2004","conferenceLocation":"Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Infrastructures and Environmental Management Research Group","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Lybecker, D., 2004, Background and applications of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) for management of infrastructures, in Proceedings of Infrastructure and Environmental Management symposium, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan, 2004, p. 54-69.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092de4b0c1aacab7d3e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":9187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":17554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lybecker, D.","contributorId":48917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lybecker","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027689,"text":"70027689 - 2004 - Exploring behavior of an unusual megaherbivore: A spatially explicit foraging model of the hippopotamus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027689","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring behavior of an unusual megaherbivore: A spatially explicit foraging model of the hippopotamus","docAbstract":"Herbivore foraging theories have been developed for and tested on herbivores across a range of sizes. Due to logistical constraints, however, little research has focused on foraging behavior of megaherbivores. Here we present a research approach that explores megaherbivore foraging behavior, and assesses the applicability of foraging theories developed on smaller herbivores to megafauna. With simulation models as reference points for the analysis of empirical data, we investigate foraging strategies of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). Using a spatially explicit individual based foraging model, we apply traditional herbivore foraging strategies to a model hippopotamus, compare model output, and then relate these results to field data from wild hippopotami. Hippopotami appear to employ foraging strategies that respond to vegetation characteristics, such as vegetation quality, as well as spatial reference information, namely distance to a water source. Model predictions, field observations, and comparisons of the two support that hippopotami generally conform to the central place foraging construct. These analyses point to the applicability of general herbivore foraging concepts to megaherbivores, but also point to important differences between hippopotami and other herbivores. Our synergistic approach of models as reference points for empirical data highlights a useful method of behavioral analysis for hard-to-study megafauna. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00305-3","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Lewison, R., and Carter, J., 2004, Exploring behavior of an unusual megaherbivore: A spatially explicit foraging model of the hippopotamus: Ecological Modelling, v. 171, no. 1-2, p. 127-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00305-3.","startPage":"127","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00305-3"},{"id":238098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e22e4b0c8380cd532ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewison, R.L.","contributorId":43543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewison","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026756,"text":"70026756 - 2004 - Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:14:51","indexId":"70026756","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The fringing coral reef off the south coast of Molokai, Hawaii is currently being studied as part of a US Geological Survey (USGS) multi-disciplinary project that focuses on geologic and oceanographic processes that affect coral reef systems. For this investigation, four instrument packages were deployed across the fringing coral reef during the summer of 2001 to understand the processes governing fine-grained terrestrial sediment suspension on the shallow reef flat (h=1m) and its advection across the reef crest and onto the deeper fore reef. The time-series measurements suggest the following conceptual model of water and fine-grained sediment transport across the reef: Relatively cool, clear water flows up onto the reef flat during flooding tides. At high tide, more deep-water wave energy is able to propagate onto the reef flat and larger Trade wind-driven waves can develop on the reef flat, thereby increasing sediment suspension. Trade wind-driven surface currents and wave breaking at the reef crest cause setup of water on the reef flat, further increasing the water depth and enhancing the development of depth-limited waves and sediment suspension. As the tide ebbs, the water and associated suspended sediment on the reef flat drains off the reef flat and is advected offshore and to the west by Trade wind- and tidally- driven currents. Observations on the fore reef show relatively high turbidity throughout the water column during the ebb tide. It therefore appears that high suspended sediment concentrations on the deeper fore reef, where active coral growth is at a maximum, are dynamically linked to processes on the muddy, shallow reef flat.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Ogston, A., Bothner, M., Field, M., and Presto, M., 2004, Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 24, no. 12, p. 1397-1419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.010.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1629","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.31048583984375,\n 21.03836431386586\n ],\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 21.03836431386586\n ],\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 21.256101625916397\n ],\n [\n -157.31048583984375,\n 21.256101625916397\n ],\n [\n -157.31048583984375,\n 21.03836431386586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}