{"pageNumber":"1085","pageRowStart":"27100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":1001749,"text":"1001749 - 2002 - Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:20:59.623464","indexId":"1001749","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition","docAbstract":"We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial photography, verified on the ground, and quantified using GIS. We then developed an index to GI based on the presence or abundance of breeding bird species. Species abundance data were obtained from 3 min roadside point counts at 889 points in 44, 4050 ha study plots over a 2-year period. Using a modified North American Breeding Bird Survey protocol, species were recorded in each of four quadrants at each point. Fifty species selected for analysis included all grassland species that occurred in at least 15 quadrants and all other bird species that occurred in at least 1% of quadrants. We constructed preliminary models using data from each of the 2 years, then tested their predictive ability by cross-validation with data from the other year. These cross-validation tests indicated that the index consistently predicted grassland integrity. The final four models (presence and abundance models at 200 and 400 m scales) included only those species that were statistically significant (P  0.05) in all preliminary models. Finally we interpreted the components of the indices by examining associations between individual species and habitat types. Logistic regression identified 386 statistically significant relationships between species and habitat types at 200 and 400 m scales. This method, though labor-intensive, successfully uses the presence of grassland-dependent species and absence of species associated with woody vegetation or cropland to provide an index to grassland integrity. Once regional associations of species with habitat types have been identified, such indices can be applied relatively inexpensively to monitor grassland integrity over large geographic areas. Indices like the ones presented here could be applied widely using bird abundance data that are currently being collected across the United States and southern Canada through the North American Breeding Bird Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00060-2","usgsCitation":"Browder, S., Johnson, D.H., and Ball, I., 2002, Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition: Ecological Indicators, v. 2, no. 3, p. 257-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00060-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browder, S.F.","contributorId":12405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024989,"text":"70024989 - 2002 - Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70024989","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"A compilation of paleomagnetic data from volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens is presented in this report. The database is used to determine signature paleomagnetic directions of products from its Holocene eruptive events, to assign sampled units to their proper eruptive period, and to begin the assembly of a much larger database of paleomagnetic directions from Holocene volcanic rocks in western North America. The paleomagnetic results from Mount St. Helens are mostly of high quality, and generally agree with the division of its volcanic deposits into eruptive episodes based on previous geologic mapping and radiocarbon dates. The Muddy River andesite's paleomagnetic direction, however, indicates that it is more likely part of the Pine Creek eruptive period rather than the Castle Creek period. In addition, the Two-Fingers andesite flow is more likely part of the Middle Kalama eruptive period and not part of the Goat Rocks period. The paleomagnetic data from Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood document variation in the geomagnetic field's pole position over the last ~2,500 years. A distinct feature of the new paleosecular variation (PSV) record, similar to the Fish Lake record (Oregon), indicates a sudden change from rapid clockwise movement of the pole about the Earth's spin axis to relatively slow counterclockwise movement at ???800 to 900 years B.P.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., Hoblitt, R., Gardner, C.A., and Gray, T., 2002, Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 63, no. 8, p. 545-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x.","startPage":"545","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x"},{"id":232835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e7e4b0c8380cd5e32e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, C. A.","contributorId":75916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, T.E.","contributorId":76097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156331,"text":"70156331 - 2002 - The national elevation data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T09:56:35","indexId":"70156331","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The national elevation data set","docAbstract":"<p>The NED is a seamless raster dataset from the USGS that fulfills many of the concepts of framework geospatial data as envisioned for the NSDI, allowing users to focus on analysis rather than data preparation. It is regularly maintained and updated, and it provides basic elevation data for many GIS applications. The NED is one of several seamless datasets that the USGS is making available through the Web. The techniques and approaches developed for producing, maintaining, and distributing the NED are the type that will be used for implementing the USGS National Map (http://nationalmap.usgs.gov/).<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., Greenlee, S.K., Nelson, C.A., Steuck, M.J., and Tyler, D.J., 2002, The national elevation data set: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 68, no. 1, p. 5-11.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b4e4b0518e3546a4e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oimoen, Michael J. 0000-0003-3611-6227 oimoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":4757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"Michael","email":"oimoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenlee, Susan K. sgreenlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"Susan","email":"sgreenlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":568710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Charles A.","contributorId":59725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steuck, Michael J.","contributorId":146497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steuck","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":15311,"text":"Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tyler, Dean J. 0000-0002-1542-7539 dtyler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-7539","contributorId":4268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Dean","email":"dtyler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024965,"text":"70024965 - 2002 - Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T16:27:10.884365","indexId":"70024965","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Melanterite (FeSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·7H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)-rozenite (FeSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·4H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) and chalcanthite (CuSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·5H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)-bonattite (CuSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·3H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa. Two methods were used; one is the gas-flow-cell method (between 21 and 98 °C), and the other is the humiditybuffer method (between 21 and 70 °C). The first method has a larger temperature uncertainty even though it is more efficient. With the aid of humidity buffers, which correspond to a series of saturated binary salt solutions, the second method yields reliable results as demonstrated by very tight reversals along each humidity buffer. These results are consistent with those obtained by the first method, and also with the solubility data reported in the literature. Thermodynamic analysis of these data yields values of 29.231 ± 0.025 and 22.593 ± 0.040 kJ/mol for standard Gibbs free energy of reaction at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa for melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria, respectively. The methods used in this study hold great potential for unraveling the thermodynamic properties of sulfate salts involved in dehydration reactions at near ambient conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-0112","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Seal, R., and Hemingway, B.S., 2002, Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 1, p. 108-114, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb4e4b0c8380cd4f343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. 0000-0003-0901-2529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":90331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023969,"text":"70023969 - 2002 - Experimental Acoustic Velocity Measurements in a Tidally Affected Stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023969","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Experimental Acoustic Velocity Measurements in a Tidally Affected Stream","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) constructed a continuous steamgaging station on the tidally affected Escatawpa River at Interstate 10 near Orange Grove, Mississippi, in August 2001. The gage collects water quantity parameters of stage and stream velocity, and water quality parameters of water temperature, specific conductance, and salinity. Data are transmitted to the local USGS office via the GOES satellite and are presented on a near real-time web page. Due to tidal effects, the stream has multiple flow regimes which include downstream, bi-directional, and reverse flows. Advances in acoustic technology have made it possible to gage streams of this nature where conventional methods have been unsuccessful. An experimental mount was designed in an attempt to recognize, describe, and quantify these flow regimes by using acoustic Doppler equipment.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Storm, J., 2002, Experimental Acoustic Velocity Measurements in a Tidally Affected Stream, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 526-534.","startPage":"526","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dbae4b0c8380cd5317e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536525,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Storm, J.B.","contributorId":51838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024945,"text":"70024945 - 2002 - Anthropogenic vs. natural pollution: An environmental study of an industrial site under remediation (Naples, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024945","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic vs. natural pollution: An environmental study of an industrial site under remediation (Naples, Italy)","docAbstract":"Heavy metal concentrations and Pb isotopic composition were determined in the soils, slags, scums and landfill materials from a shut down industrial (brownfield) site. This was the second largest integrated steelworks in Italy, and is now under remediation by a Government project. It is located in the outskirts of Napoli on the Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta plain (BFP), which is part of the Campi Flegrei (CF) volcanic caldera, where many spas and geothermal springs occur. The purpose of this work is to distinguish the natural (geogenic) component, originated by hydrothermal activity, from anthropogenic contamination owing to industrial activity. 'In-situ sediments' (soils), slags, scums and landfill materials from 20 drill-cores were selected from a network of 197 drills carried out on a 100 ?? 100 m grid, covering the entire brownfield site. In general, heavy metal enrichments in the upper 3 m of the cores strongly suggest mixing between natural (geogenic) and anthropogenic components. Pb isotopic data are suggestive of three potential end members, and confirm the existence of a strong natural component in addition to contamination from anthropogenic activities. The slags, scums and landfill materials have been proved, through mineralogy and leachate experiments, to be geochemically stable; this shows that metal pollutants are not bio-available and, hence, do not pose a risk to future developments on this site. The natural contribution of hydrothermal fluids to soil pollution, in addition to the non-bio-availability of metal pollutants from industrial materials, indicate that heavy metal remediation of soils in this area would be of little use. Continuous discharge from mineralized hydrothermal solutions would cancel out any remediation effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-787302-006","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Tarzia, M., de Vivo, B., Somma, R., Ayuso, R., McGill, R., and Parrish, R., 2002, Anthropogenic vs. natural pollution: An environmental study of an industrial site under remediation (Naples, Italy): Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 2, no. 1, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-006.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-006"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ce4b0c8380cd4921d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarzia, M.","contributorId":86933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarzia","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Somma, R.","contributorId":72977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somma","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGill, R.A.R.","contributorId":76096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"R.A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parrish, R.R.","contributorId":102242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1000860,"text":"1000860 - 2002 - Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T14:19:47.264899","indexId":"1000860","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>In fisheries, imprecise measurements in catch data from surveys add uncertainty to the results of fishery stock assessments. The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) began to survey the fall fish community of Lake Michigan in 1962 with bottom trawls. The measurement error was evaluated at the level of individual tows for nine fish species collected in this survey by applying a measurementerror regression model to replicated trawl data. It was found that the estimates of measurement-error variance ranged from 0.37 (deepwater sculpin,&nbsp;</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsoni</i><span>) to 1.23 (alewife,&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>) on a logarithmic scale corresponding to a coefficient of variation = 66 to 156%. The estimates appeared to increase with the range of temperature occupied by the fish species. This association may be a result of the variability in the fall thermal structure of the lake. The estimates may also be influenced by other factors, such as pelagic behavior and schooling. Measurement error might be reduced by surveying the fish community during other seasons and/or by using additional technologies, such as acoustics. Measurement-error estimates should be considered when interpreting results of assessments that use abundance information from USGS-GLSC surveys of Lake Michigan and could be used if the survey design was altered. This study is the first to report estimates of measurement-error variance associated with this survey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70561-3","usgsCitation":"Krause, A.E., Hayes, D.B., Bence, J., Madenjian, C.P., and Stedman, R.M., 2002, Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 44-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70561-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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,{"id":70024913,"text":"70024913 - 2002 - GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024913","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10-20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first permanent deployment of GPS units (in the world) for continuous dynamic monitoring of a tall building. Data recorded from the building during a windy day is analyzed to determine the structural characteristics. When recorded during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, such measurements can be used to compute average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the structural integrity and performance by establishing pre-established thresholds. Such information can be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1461375","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Sanli, A., 2002, GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures: Earthquake Spectra, v. 18, no. 1, p. 47-61, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1461375.","startPage":"47","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1461375"},{"id":232862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a147ce4b0c8380cd54a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanli, A.","contributorId":98503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanli","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000862,"text":"1000862 - 2002 - Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T13:29:20","indexId":"1000862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","docAbstract":"Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio, USA.  This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland.  Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning.  Under the premise that volunteer participation could be increased by allowing evening counts, we evaluated the potential for modifying the methodology.  We evaluated the sampling efficiency of all 3-count combinations of morning and evening counts using data collected at 14 wetlands. Estimates of overall species richness decreased with increasing numbers of evening counts.  However, this pattern did not hold when analyses were restricted to wetland-dependent species or those of conservation concern.  Our findings suggest that it would be reasonable to permit evening counts, particularly if the data are to be used to monitor wetland dependent species and those of concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Krzys, G., Waite, T.A., Stapanian, M., and Vucetich, J., 2002, Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 1, p. 186-190, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267016,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krzys, Greg","contributorId":44889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzys","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Thomas A.","contributorId":98691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin","contributorId":15576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, John A.","contributorId":70735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000887,"text":"1000887 - 2002 - Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:03","indexId":"1000887","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"After nearly 30 years of recolonization and expansion across North America, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) occupies the role of a perceived and, in some situations, realized threat to fish stocks and other resources.  However, population data necessary to plan, defend, and implement management of this species are few.  Our purpose was to gain insight into the relative contribution of various population parameters to the overall rate of population growth and identify data needs critical to improving our understanding of the dynamics of double-crested cormorant populations.  We demonstrated the construction of a biologically reasonable representation of cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario (1979-2000) by referencing literature values for fertility, age at first breeding, and survival.  These parameters were incorporated into a deterministic stage-classified matrix model.  By calculating the elasticity of matrix elements (i.e., statgspecific fertility and survival), we found that cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario was most sensitive to survival of birds about to turn age 3 and older.  Finally, we demonstrated how this information could be used to evaluate management scenarios and direct future research by simulating potential environmental effects on fertility and survival, as well as a 5-year egg-oiling program.  We also demonstrated that survival of older birds exerts more effective population control than changes in fertility.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, B., Stapanian, M.A., and Weseloh, D.C., 2002, Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 345-353.","productDescription":"p. 345-353","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f92e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Bradley F.","contributorId":26649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Bradley F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weseloh, D.V. Chip","contributorId":60984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024849,"text":"70024849 - 2002 - A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:02:19","indexId":"70024849","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>This research compared raw filtered waters (RFWs), XAD resin isolates (XAD-8 and XAD-4), and reverse osmosis (RO) isolates of several surface water samples from McDonalds Branch, a small freshwater fen in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (USA). RO and XAD-8 are two of the most common techniques used to isolate natural organic matter (NOM) for studies of composition and reactivity; therefore, it is important to understand how the isolates differ from bulk (unisolated) samples and from one another. Although, any comparison between the isolation methods needs to consider that XAD-8 is specifically designed to isolate the humic fraction, whereas RO concentrates a broad range of organic matter and is not specific to humics. The comparison included for all samples: weight average molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>), number average molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub>), polydispersity (<i>ρ</i>), absorbance at 280&nbsp;nm normalized to moles C (<i>ε</i><sub>280</sub>) (RFW and isolates); and for isolates only: elemental analysis, % carbon distribution by<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C NMR, and aqueous FTIR spectra. As expected, RO isolation gave higher yield of NOM than XAD-8, but also higher ash content, especially Si and S.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub>decreased in the order: RO&gt;XAD-8&gt;RFW&gt;XAD-4. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>differences of isolates compared with RFW may be due to selective isolation (fractionation), or possibly in the case of RO to condensation or coagulation during isolation.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C NMR results were roughly similar for the two methods, but the XAD-8 isolate was slightly higher in ‘aromatic’ C and the RO isolate was slightly higher in heteroaliphatic and carbonyl C. Infrared spectra indicated a higher carboxyl content for the XAD-8 isolates and a higher ester:carboxyl ratio for the RO isolates. The spectroscopic data thus are consistent with selective isolation of more hydrophobic compounds by XAD-8, and also with potential ester hydrolysis during that process, although further study is needed to determine whether ester hydrolysis does indeed occur. Researchers choosing between XAD and RO isolation methods for NOM need to consider first the purpose of the isolation; i.e., whether humic fractionation is desirable. Beyond that, they should consider the C yield and ash content, as well as the potential for alteration of NOM by ester hydrolysis (XAD) or condensation/coagulation (RO). Furthermore, the RO and XAD methods produce different fractions or isolates so that researchers should be careful when comparing the compositions and reactivities of NOM samples isolated by these two different techniques.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00442-0","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Maurice, P., Pullin, M., Cabaniss, S., Zhou, Q., Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K., and Aiken, G., 2002, A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates: Water Research, v. 36, no. 9, p. 2357-2371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00442-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2357","endPage":"2371","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00442-0"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e376e4b0c8380cd4603d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurice, P.A.","contributorId":48336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pullin, M.J.","contributorId":93235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullin","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cabaniss, S.E.","contributorId":76487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabaniss","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, Q. 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":93164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K.","contributorId":30389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023834,"text":"70023834 - 2002 - Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023834","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The quality of historical fluvial-sediment data cannot be taken for granted, based on a review of upper Colorado River basin suspended-sediment discharges, and on an evaluation of the reliability of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) data. Additionally, the quality of future fluvial-sediment data are not assured. Sediment-surrogate technologies, including those that operate on acoustic, laser, bulk optic, digital optic, or pressure differential principles, are being used with increasing frequency to measure in-stream and (or) laboratory fluvial-sediment characteristics. Data from sediment-surrogate technologies may yield results that differ significantly from those obtained by traditional methods for the same sedimentary conditions. Development of national sediment data-quality criteria and rigorous comparisons of data derived from sediment-surrogate technologies to those obtained by traditional techniques will minimize the potential for future fluvial-sediment data-quality concerns.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Glysson, G., and Mueller, D.S., 2002, Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 919-924.","startPage":"919","endPage":"924","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80de4b0c8380cd4ce5e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023889,"text":"70023889 - 2002 - Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023889","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS)","docAbstract":"The Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS) mission offers a novel approach to the provision of key scientific data with unprecedented radiometric accuracy for Earth Observation (EO) and solar studies, which will also establish well-calibrated reference targets/standards to support other EO missions. This paper will present the TRUTHS mission and its objectives. TRUTHS will be the first satellite mission to calibrate its instrumentation directly to SI in orbit, overcoming the usual uncertainties associated with drifts of sensor gain and spectral shape by using an electrical rather than an optical standard as the basis of its calibration. The range of instruments flown as part of the payload will also provide accurate input data to improve atmospheric radiative transfer codes by anchoring boundary conditions, through simultaneous measurements of aerosols, particulates and radiances at various heights. Therefore, TRUTHS will significantly improve the performance and accuracy of Earth observation missions with broad global or operational aims, as well as more dedicated missions. The provision of reference standards will also improve synergy between missions by reducing errors due to different calibration biases and offer cost reductions for future missions by reducing the demands for on-board calibration systems. Such improvements are important for the future success of strategies such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the implementation and monitoring of international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol. TRUTHS will achieve these aims by measuring the geophysical variables of solar and lunar irradiance, together with both polarised and un-polarised spectral radiance of the Moon, and the Earth and its atmosphere.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites VI","conferenceDate":"23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Agia Pelagia, Crete","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462438","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Fox, N., Aiken, J., Barnett, J., Briottet, X., Carvell, R., Frohlich, C., Groom, S., Hagolle, O., Haigh, J., Kieffer, H.H., Lean, J., Pollock, D., Quinn, T., Sandford, M., Schaepman, M., Shine, K., Schmutz, W., Teillet, P., Thome, K.J., Verstraete, M., and Zalewski, E., 2002, Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS), <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4881, Agia Pelagia, Crete, 23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002, p. 395-406, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462438.","startPage":"395","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462438"},{"id":231745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4881","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb685e4b08c986b326cfa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","contributorId":128398,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","id":536520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fox, N.","contributorId":90905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, J.","contributorId":100152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, J.J.","contributorId":66021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briottet, X.","contributorId":80860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briottet","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carvell, R.","contributorId":58050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohlich, C.","contributorId":30400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohlich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groom, S.B.","contributorId":45484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hagolle, O.","contributorId":90906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagolle","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haigh, J.D.","contributorId":61209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haigh","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lean, J.","contributorId":88909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lean","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pollock, D.B.","contributorId":70148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Quinn, T.","contributorId":38735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sandford, M.C.W.","contributorId":26108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"M.C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Schaepman, M.","contributorId":24527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shine, K.P.","contributorId":91273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shine","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schmutz, W.K.","contributorId":23716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Teillet, P.M.","contributorId":23717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teillet","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Verstraete, M.M.","contributorId":96451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraete","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Zalewski, E.","contributorId":84946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zalewski","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70024454,"text":"70024454 - 2002 - Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:51:56","indexId":"70024454","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","docAbstract":"This article is the second in a series of three that describes the results of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) conducted in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern (IHAOC). The assessment area is located in northwest Indiana and was divided into nine reaches to facilitate the assessment. This component of the NRDA was undertaken to determine if fish and wildlife resources have been injured due to exposure to contaminants that are associated with discharges of oil or releases of other hazardous substances. To support this assessment, information was compiled on the chemical composition of sediment and tissues; on the toxicity of whole sediments, pore water, and elutriates to fish; on the status of fish communities; and on fish health. The data on each of these indicators were compared to regionally relevant benchmarks to assess the presence and extent of injury to fish and wildlife resources. The results of this assessment indicate that injury to fish and wildlife resources has occurred throughout the assessment area, with up to five distinct lines of evidence demonstrating injury within the various reaches. Based on the frequency of exceedance of the benchmarks for assessing sediment and tissue chemistry data, total polychlorinated biphenyls is the primary bioaccumulative contaminant of concern in the assessment area. It is important to note, however, that this assessment was restricted by the availability of published bioaccumulation-based sediment quality guidelines, tissue residue guidelines, and other benchmarks of sediment quality conditions. The availability of chemistry data for tissues also restricted this assessment in certain reaches of the assessment area. Furthermore, insufficient information was located to facilitate identification of the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on fish (i.e., sediment toxicity, impaired fish health, or impaired fish community structure). Therefore, substances not included on the list of COCs cannot necessarily be considered to be of low priority with respect to sediment injury (e.g., metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, dioxins, and furans, etc.).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C., Smorong, D., Lindskoog, R., Sparks, D.W., Smith, J., Simon, T., and Hanacek, M., 2002, Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 130-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478697,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.504.6930","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee3be4b0c8380cd49c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanacek, M.A.","contributorId":12651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanacek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":44955,"text":"wri024159 - 2002 - Evaluation of passive diffusion bag and dialysis samplers in selected wells at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, July 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T18:15:37.282548","indexId":"wri024159","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4159","title":"Evaluation of passive diffusion bag and dialysis samplers in selected wells at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, July 2001","docAbstract":"Field comparisons of chemical concentrations obtained from dialysis samplers, passive diffusion bag samplers, and low-flow samplers showed generally close agreement in most of the 13 wells tested during July 2001 at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. The data for chloride, sulfate, iron, alkalinity, arsenic, and methane appear to show that the dialysis samplers are capable of accurately collecting a passive sample for these constituents. In general, the comparisons of volatile organic compound concentrations showed a relatively close correspondence between the two different types of diffusion samples and between the diffusion samples and the low-flow samples collected in most wells. Divergence appears to have resulted primarily from the pumping method, either producing a mixed sample or water not characteristic of aquifer water moving through the borehole under ambient conditions. The fact that alkalinity was not detected in the passive diffusion bag samplers, highly alkaline waters without volatilization loss from effervescence, which can occur when a sample is acidified for preservation. Both dialysis and passive diffusion bag samplers are relatively inexpensive and can be deployed rapidly and easily. Passive diffusion bag samplers are intended for sampling volatile organic compounds only, but dialysis samplers can be used to sample both volatile organic compounds and inorganic solutes. Regenerated cellulose dialysis samplers, however, are subject to biodegradation and probably should be deployed no sooner than 2 weeks prior to recovery.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1 U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina.\r\n\r\n2 Air Florce Center for Environmental Excellence, San Antionio, Texas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024159","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Pravecek, T., 2002, Evaluation of passive diffusion bag and dialysis samplers in selected wells at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, July 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4159, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024159.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415510,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52343.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hickam Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.9711,\n              21.3497\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9711,\n              21.3133\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9256,\n              21.3133\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9256,\n              21.3497\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9711,\n              21.3497\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pravecek, Tasha","contributorId":11260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pravecek","given":"Tasha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85938,"text":"85938 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"85938","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3A","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70187856,"text":"70187856 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70187856","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3B","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70187857,"text":"70187857 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats","indexId":"70187857","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3C","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70187859,"text":"70187859 - 2002 - Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints","indexId":"70187859","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:03:58","indexId":"70188451","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>The 1989 spill of some 42 million L of crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, represents not only the largest tanker spill in United States history, but the world’s largest spill in northern waters. Acute effects have been studied extensively. However, efforts to quantify the spill’s long-term chronic effects and develop defensible restoration measures have been plagued by varying levels of scientific uncertainty. That such uncertainty exists is not unexpected. The spill occurred in Prince William Sound’s highly variable physical setting typified by its complex oceanography and fjord-like geomorphology. Additionally, uncertainty was driven by the scarcity of precise pre-spill population estimates and spotty life-history information for most species. The research reported herein in, structured in eight primary papers and 27 supporting papers (appendices), documents the state of recovery and assessments of continuing constraints to population recovery for four vertebrate predators (sea otter <i>Enhydra lutris</i>, harlequin duck <i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>, river otter <i>Lontra canadensis</i>, and pigeon guillemot <i>Cepphus</i> <i>columba</i>) whose recovery status remained uncertain some 5 years after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill. These species are used in a collective weight of evidence approach to better understand the process of coastal community recovery. Each species is examined for the strength of information it brings in health, population, and trophic metrics to support or reject the hypothesis of continuing oil effects in the nearshore system versus the alternatives that food constraints or demographic bottlenecks limit these focal species. While data for individual species contain various levels of uncertainty, scientific confidence is developed in the following picture when examined across species, metric, and hypothesis: Within the nearshore coastal environment, sporadic releases of residual oil are occurring, and benthic species, primarily invertebrates, are being exposed in a temporally and spatially patchy manner sufficient to transport oil up through the food chain. Thus, for the two invertebrate-feeders, sea otter and harlequin duck, evidence exists over several lines of investigation to suggest that local-scale populations continue to be constrained not by food availability or natural demographic processes, but by increased levels of mortality coincident with continued exposure to residual oil. Conversely, weight of evidence suggests that only limited direct oil-related effects are being transferred through the fish trophic pathway. Sufficient evidence suggests recovery is occurring in river otter populations, while the lack of recovery in pigeon guillemot may be attributed to food limitations (both natural and indirectly related to the spill) and/or slow demographic response to initial acute mortalities. Individual lines of investigation often contained uncertainty, but the collective weight of evidence presented in this multipaper volume indicates lack of full recovery of the nearshore ecosystem from the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill nearly a decade following the event. Integrated, multispecies approaches can allow sufficient weight of evidence to develop despite inherent system variability or data limitations and, thus, facilitate both better societal understanding of such pollution events and development of appropriate restoration responses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"2002, Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, v. 1, 1095 p.","productDescription":"1095 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=630"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.7279052734375,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.7279052734375,\n              60.98376689595989\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              60.98376689595989\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","publicComments":"Final Report: <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Restoration Project 99025 (Volume 1)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e3c99e4b0764e6c61b832","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024551,"text":"70024551 - 2002 - Provisioning rates and time budgets of adult and nestling Bald Eagles at Inland Wisconsin nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024551","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provisioning rates and time budgets of adult and nestling Bald Eagles at Inland Wisconsin nests","docAbstract":"We used a remote video recording system and direct observation to quantify provisioning rate and adult and nestling behavior at Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests in north-central Wisconsin in 1992 (N = 5) and 1993 (N = 8). Eagles nesting in this region have a high reproductive rate (??? 1.3 young/occupied territory), and the number of occupied territories has expanded nearly three-fold since 1980. The season-long provisioning rate averaged 5.2 prey deliveries/nest/d and 3.0 prey deliveries/nestling/d, and did not vary by year or with nestling number or age. Fish (Osteichthyes) made up 97% of identified prey deliveries followed by reptiles (Reptilia) (1.5%), birds (Aves) (1.2%), and mammals (Mammalia) (0.6%). Nearly 85% of prey items were >15 cm and <45 cm and 13% were <15 cm in length. Adult attendance (time ??? adult was at the nest) at nestling age 2-4 wk was >90% of the day and was negatively correlated with nestling age. Time adults spent feeding nestlings was negatively correlated with nestling age. Nestlings stood or sat in the nest >30% of the day, began to feed themselves, and exhibited increased mobility in the nest at 6-8 wk. We identified three stages of the nestling period and several benchmarks that may be useful when scheduling data collection for comparison of Bald Eagle nesting behavior. Our results support the hypothesis that food was not limiting this breeding population of Bald Eagles. ?? 2002 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Keith, W.D., Andersen, D., Dykstra, C.R., Meyer, M., and Karasov, W.H., 2002, Provisioning rates and time budgets of adult and nestling Bald Eagles at Inland Wisconsin nests: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 121-127.","startPage":"121","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb2e4b0c8380cd7f8ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, Warnke D.","contributorId":95236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Warnke","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dykstra, Cheryl R.","contributorId":18142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dykstra","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M.W.","contributorId":38094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023929,"text":"70023929 - 2002 - Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric stability and absolute calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T16:36:54.304804","indexId":"70023929","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric stability and absolute calibration","docAbstract":"Launched in April 1999, the Landsat-7 ETM+ instrument is in its fourth year of operation. The quality of the acquired calibrated imagery continues to be high, especially with respect to its three most important radiometric performance parameters: reflective band instrument stability to better than ??1%, reflective band absolute calibration to better than ??5%, and thermal band absolute calibration to better than ??0.6 K. The ETM+ instrument has been the most stable of any of the Landsat instruments, in both the reflective and thermal channels. To date, the best on-board calibration source for the reflective bands has been the Full Aperture Solar Calibrator, which has indicated changes of at most -1.8% to -2.0% (95% C.I.) change per year in the ETM+ gain (band 4). However, this change is believed to be caused by changes in the solar diffuser panel, as opposed to a change in the instrument's gain. This belief is based partially on ground observations, which bound the changes in gain in band 4 at -0.7% to +1.5%. Also, ETM+ stability is indicated by the monitoring of desert targets. These image-based results for four Saharan and Arabian sites, for a collection of 35 scenes over the three years since launch, bound the gain change at -0.7% to +0.5% in band 4. Thermal calibration from ground observations revealed an offset error of +0.31 W/m 2 sr um soon after launch. This offset was corrected within the U. S. ground processing system at EROS Data Center on 21-Dec-00, and since then, the band 6 on-board calibration has indicated changes of at most +0.02% to +0.04% (95% C.I.) per year. The latest ground observations have detected no remaining offset error with an RMS error of ??0.6 K. The stability and absolute calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ sensor make it an ideal candidate to be used as a reference source for radiometric cross-calibrating to other land remote sensing satellite systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites VI","conferenceDate":"Sep 23-26, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Agia Pelagia, Crete, Greece","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.462998","usgsCitation":"Markham, B.L., Barker, J.L., Barsi, J., Kaita, E., Thome, K.J., Helder, D., Palluconi, F.D., Schott, J.R., and Scaramuzza, P., 2002, Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric stability and absolute calibration, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4881, Agia Pelagia, Crete, Greece, Sep 23-26, 2002, p. 308-318, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462998.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4881","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f2e4b0c8380cd66707","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","contributorId":128398,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","id":536522,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, J. L.","contributorId":83518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaita, E.","contributorId":73777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaita","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Palluconi, Frank Don","contributorId":14952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palluconi","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schott, J. R.","contributorId":16613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":80035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025061,"text":"70025061 - 2002 - Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70025061","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar","docAbstract":"A new high-resolution directional borehole radar-logging tool (DBOR tool) was used to log three wells at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The radar system uses identical directional cavity-backed monopole transmitting and receiving antennas that can be mechanically rotated while the tool is stationary or moving slowly in a borehole. Faster reconnaissance logging with no antenna rotation was also done to find zones of interest. The microprocessor-controlled motor/encoder in the tool can rotate the antennas azimuthally, to a commanded angle, accurate to a within few degrees. The three logged wells in the unsaturated zone at the INEEL had been cored with good core recovery through most zones. After coring, PVC casing was installed in the wells. The unsaturated zone consists of layered basalt flows that are interbedded with thin layers of coarse-to-fine grained sediments. Several zones were found that show distinctive signatures consistent with fractures in the basalt. These zones may correspond to suspected preferential flow paths. The DBOR data were compared to core, and other borehole log information to help provide better understanding of hydraulic flow and transport in preferential flow paths in the unsaturated zone basalts at the INEEL.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462208","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Moulton, C., Wright, D., Hutton, S., Smith, D., and Abraham, J., 2002, Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4758, Santa Barbara, CA, 29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002, p. 13-18, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462208.","startPage":"13","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462208"},{"id":236170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4758","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc2e4b0c8380cd4a433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulton, C.W.","contributorId":81681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutton, S.R.","contributorId":50337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.V.G.","contributorId":57249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023813,"text":"70023813 - 2002 - Spatial and temporal snowpack variation in the crown of the continent ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023813","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial and temporal snowpack variation in the crown of the continent ecosystem","docAbstract":"Snowpack related ecosystem changes such as glacier recession and alpine treeline advance have been documented in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE) over the course of the previous 150 years. Using data from the Natural Resource Conservation Service's SNOTEL sites and snow course surveys, we examined the spatial and temporal variation in snowpack in the region. SNOTEL data suggest CCE snowpacks are larger and more persistent than in most regions of the Western U.S., and that water year precipitation, rather than mean temperature, is the primary control on April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE). Snow course data indicate a statistically significant downward trend in mean April 1 SWE for the period 1950-2001 but no statistically significant trend in mean May 1 SWE for the longer period 1922-2001. Further analysis reveals that variations in both April 1 and May 1 mean SWE are closely tied to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, an ENSO-like interdecadal pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability. Despite no significant trend in mean May 1 SWE between 1922-2001, glaciers in Glacier National Park receded steadily during this period, implying changing climatic conditions crossed a threshold for glacier mass balance maintenace sometime between the Little Ice Age glacial maxima and 1922.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"70th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Granby, CO","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D., Fagre, D., and Reardon, B., 2002, Spatial and temporal snowpack variation in the crown of the continent ecosystem, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Granby, CO, 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 98-109.","startPage":"98","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9445e4b08c986b31a98f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, D.J.","contributorId":82886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reardon, B.A.","contributorId":51497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023860,"text":"70023860 - 2002 - Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T13:56:50","indexId":"70023860","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>Ecosystem changes such as glacier recession and alpine treeline advance have been documented over the previous 150 years in the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana and southern British Columbia and Alberta, a region known as the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE). Such changes are controlled, at least partially, by variations in snowpack. The CCE consists primarily of public lands, the majority of which is undeveloped or wilderness. Consequently, this region is well suited for an examination of long-term snowpack variation and associated ecosystem change. Data from nine SNOTEL sites provide an indication of the daily accumulation and ablation of snowpack over the period 1977-2001, as well as the relationship between precipitation, temperature and snowpack. 1 April data from 21 snow courses indicated the extent of regional snowpack variation and trends over the period 1950-2001, and 1 May data from three snow courses in Glacier National Park allow this record to be extended back to 1922. SNOTEL data suggest CCE snowpacks are larger and more persistent than in most regions of the western USA, and that water year precipitation is the primary control on 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE). Snow course data indicate that variations in both 1 April and 1 May mean SWE are closely tied to the Pacific decadal oscillation, an El Nino-southern oscillation-like interdecadal pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability. Despite relatively stable snowpacks and summer temperatures since 1922, the glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded steadily during this period, implying a significant climatic shift between their Little Ice Age glacial maxima (ca 1860) and 1922. Published in 2002 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1234","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D., Fagre, D., and Reardon, B., 2002, Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 18, p. 3651-3665, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1234.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3651","endPage":"3665","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207164,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1234"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Alberta, British Coumbia, Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.564453125,\n              53.77468884583577\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.83984375,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6640625,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4228515625,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.25976562499999,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.3701171875,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3798828125,\n              48.748945343432936\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67578124999999,\n              52.93539665862318\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64257812499999,\n              54.18815548107151\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.564453125,\n              53.77468884583577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cebe4b0c8380cd63158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, D.J.","contributorId":82886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reardon, B.A.","contributorId":51497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023862,"text":"70023862 - 2002 - AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:11:29","indexId":"70023862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification","docAbstract":"Multitemporal satellite image datasets provide valuable information on the phenological characteristics of vegetation, thereby significantly increasing the accuracy of cover type classifications compared to single date classifications. However, the processing of these datasets can become very complex when dealing with multitemporal data combined with multispectral data. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) biweekly composite data are commonly used to classify land cover over large regions. Selecting a subset of these biweekly composite periods may be required to reduce the complexity and cost of land cover mapping. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of reducing the number of composite periods and altering the spacing of those composite periods on classification accuracy. Because inter-annual variability can have a major impact on classification results, 5 years of AVHRR data were evaluated. AVHRR biweekly composite images for spectral channels 1-4 (visible, near-infrared and two thermal bands) covering the entire growing season were used to classify 14 cover types over the entire state of Colorado for each of five different years. A supervised classification method was applied to maintain consistent procedures for each case tested. Results indicate that the number of composite periods can be halved-reduced from 14 composite dates to seven composite dates-without significantly reducing overall classification accuracy (80.4% Kappa accuracy for the 14-composite data-set as compared to 80.0% for a seven-composite dataset). At least seven composite periods were required to ensure the classification accuracy was not affected by inter-annual variability due to climate fluctuations. Concentrating more composites near the beginning and end of the growing season, as compared to using evenly spaced time periods, consistently produced slightly higher classification values over the 5 years tested (average Kappa) of 80.3% for the heavy early/late case as compared to 79.0% for the alternate dataset case).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160210145579","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Hoffer, R., and Chapman, P., 2002, AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 23, p. 5043-5059, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160210145579.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"5043","endPage":"5059","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160210145579"},{"id":231893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e63ce4b0c8380cd47294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffer, R.M.","contributorId":6861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, P.L.","contributorId":29144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023887,"text":"70023887 - 2002 - Puente Hills blind-thrust system, Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:29:44.254712","indexId":"70023887","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puente Hills blind-thrust system, Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe the three-dimensional geometry and Quaternary slip history of the Puente Hills blind-thrust system (PHT) using seismic reflection profiles, petroleum well data, and precisely located seismicity. The PHT generated the 1987 Whittier Narrows (moment magnitude [</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>] 6.0) earthquake and extends for more than 40 km along strike beneath the northern Los Angeles basin. The PHT comprises three, north-dipping ramp segments that are overlain by contractional fault-related folds. Based on an analysis of these folds, we produce Quaternary slip profiles along each ramp segment. The fault geometry and slip patterns indicate that segments of the PHT are related by soft-linkage boundaries, where the fault ramps are en echelon and displacements are gradually transferred from one segment to the next. Average Quaternary slip rates on the ramp segments range from 0.44 to 1.7 mm/yr, with preferred rates between 0.62 and 1.28 mm/yr. Using empirical relations among rupture area, magnitude, and coseismic displacement, we estimate the magnitude and frequency of single (</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;6.5-6.6) and multisegment (</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.1) rupture scenarios for the PHT.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010291","usgsCitation":"Shaw, J., Plesch, A., Dolan, J., Pratt, T.L., and Fiore, P., 2002, Puente Hills blind-thrust system, Los Angeles, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 8, p. 2946-2960, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010291.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2946","endPage":"2960","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              33.660353121928814\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.71850585937501,\n              33.660353121928814\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.71850585937501,\n              34.361576287484176\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.361576287484176\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              33.660353121928814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9012e4b0c8380cd7fafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, J.H.","contributorId":87261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plesch, A.","contributorId":14603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plesch","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fiore, P.","contributorId":98910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiore","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024385,"text":"70024385 - 2002 - Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:24:36","indexId":"70024385","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling","docAbstract":"<p>We used an analysis based on a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the amount of rearing habitat and stranding area for subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River at steady-state flows ranging from 1,416 to 11,328 m3/s. High-resolution river channel bathymetry was used in conjunction with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to estimate water velocities, depths, and lateral slopes throughout our 33-km study area. To relate the probability of fish presence in nearshore habitats to measures of physical habitat, we developed a logistic regression model from point electrofishing data. We only considered variables that were compatible with a GIS and therefore excluded other variables known to be important to juvenile salmonids. Water velocity and lateral slope were the only two variables included in our final model. The amount of available rearing habitat generally decreased as flow increased, with the greatest decreases occurring between 1,416 and 4,814 m3/s. When river discharges were between 3,682 and 7,080 m3/s, flow fluctuations of 566 m3/s produced the smallest change in available rearing area (from -6.3% to +6.8% of the total). Stranding pool area was greatly reduced at steady-state flows exceeding 4,531 m3/s, but the highest net gain in stranding area was produced by 850 m3/s decreases in flow when river discharges were between 5,381 and 5,664 m3/s. Current measures to protect rearing fall chinook salmon include limiting flow fluctuations at Priest Rapids Dam to 850 m3/s when the dam is spilling water and when the weekly flows average less than 4,814 m3/s. We believe that limiting flow fluctuations at all discharges would further protect subyearling fall chinook salmon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Garland, R., and Rondorf, D., 2002, Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 713-726, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.89517211914061,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92813110351561,\n              46.64283679198892\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83474731445311,\n              46.60794102560568\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60403442382811,\n              46.63152171082673\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.50103759765625,\n              46.6965511173143\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.34997558593749,\n              46.53713734839792\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27993774414062,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27993774414062,\n              46.26724020382508\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.02999877929688,\n              46.13702492883557\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              46.20644812194458\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.94210815429688,\n              46.27198674894286\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08630371093749,\n              46.234002878622526\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27581787109374,\n              46.557916007595786\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44885253906251,\n              46.7276244872016\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.52438354492186,\n              46.73891945883612\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.65896606445312,\n              46.68147880091785\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.88006591796874,\n              46.66545985627255\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.89517211914061,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cae4b0c8380cd8046e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023899,"text":"70023899 - 2002 - Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:21:48.134963","indexId":"70023899","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using a combination of body wave and surface wave data sets to reveal the mantle plume and plume head, this study presents a tomographic image of the mantle structure beneath Iceland to 400 km depth. Data comes primarily from the PASSCAL-HOTSPOT deployment of 30 broadband instruments over a period of 2 years, and is supplemented by data from the SIL and ICEMELT networks. Three sets of relative teleseismic body wave arrival times are generated through cross correlation:&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>SKS</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals at 0.03–0.1 Hz, and&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>PKIKP</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals at 0.03–0.1 and 0.8–2.0 Hz. Prior to inversion the crustal portion of the travel time anomalies is removed using the crustal model ICECRTb. This step has a significant effect on the mantle velocity variations imaged down to a depth of ∼250 km. Inversion of relative arrival times only provides information on lateral velocity variations. Surface waves are therefore used to provide absolute velocity information for the uppermost mantle beneath Iceland. The average wave number for the Love wave fundamental mode at 0.020 and 0.024 Hz is measured and used to invert for the average&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;velocity. Combination of the body wave and surface wave information reveals a predominantly horizontal low-velocity anomaly extending from the Moho down to ∼250 km depth, interpreted as a plume head. Below the plume head a near-cylindrical low-velocity anomaly with a radius of ∼100 km and peak&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;anomalies of −2% and −4%, respectively, extends down to the maximum depth of resolution at 400 km. Within the plume head, in the uppermost mantle above the core of the plume, there is a relatively high velocity with a maximum&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;anomaly of +2%. This high-velocity anomaly may be the result of the extreme degree of melt extraction necessary to generate the thick (46 km) crust in central Iceland. Comparison of the plume volumetric flux implied by our images, the crustal generation rate, and the degree of melting suggested by rare earth element inversions, suggests that (1) mantle material must be flowing horizontally away from the plume core faster than the overlying lithosphere and (2) the bulk of the plume material does not participate in melting beneath Iceland.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000595","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Vogfjord, K., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G., Jakobsdottir, S., Julian, B., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefansson, R., 2002, Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. 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H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pritchard, M.","contributorId":11358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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