Both of the 2 passerines endemic to Nihoa Island, Hawai‘i, USA—the Nihoa Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) and Nihoa Finch (Telespiza ultima)—are listed as endangered by federal and state agencies. Their abundances have been estimated by irregularly implemented fixed-width strip-transect sampling from 1967 to 2012, from which area-based extrapolation of the raw counts produced highly variable abundance estimates for both species. To evaluate an alternative survey method and improve abundance estimates, we conducted variable-distance point-transect sampling between 2010 and 2014. We compared our results to those obtained from strip-transect samples. In addition, we applied state-space models to derive improved estimates of population size and trends from the legacy time series of strip-transect counts. Both species were fairly evenly distributed across Nihoa and occurred in all or nearly all available habitat. Population trends for Nihoa Millerbird were inconclusive because of high within-year variance. Trends for Nihoa Finch were positive, particularly since the early 1990s. Distance-based analysis of point-transect counts produced mean estimates of abundance similar to those from strip-transects but was generally more precise. However, both survey methods produced biologically unrealistic variability between years. State-space modeling of the long-term time series of abundances obtained from strip-transect counts effectively reduced uncertainty in both within- and between-year estimates of population size, and allowed short-term changes in abundance trajectories to be smoothed into a long-term trend.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-214.1","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., Brinck, K., Camp, R., Farmer, C., Plentovich, S., and Banko, P.C., 2016, State-space modeling of population sizes and trends in Nihoa Finch and Millerbird: Condor, v. 118, no. 3, p. 542-557, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-214.1.","startPage":"542","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074655","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-214.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Nihoa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.92796230316162,\n 23.064649400222073\n ],\n [\n -161.92710399627686,\n 23.06423480879465\n ],\n [\n -161.92560195922852,\n 23.063918928754457\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.063385879505216\n ],\n [\n -161.9231128692627,\n 23.062635658466142\n ],\n [\n -161.92158937454224,\n 23.06231977467212\n ],\n [\n -161.92062377929688,\n 23.062240803607754\n ],\n [\n -161.91989421844482,\n 23.062339517430956\n ],\n [\n -161.91882133483887,\n 23.06235926018691\n ],\n [\n -161.91740512847898,\n 23.062339517430956\n ],\n [\n -161.91620349884033,\n 23.06235926018691\n ],\n [\n -161.91562414169312,\n 23.062576430311235\n ],\n [\n -161.91519498825073,\n 23.062300031910365\n ],\n [\n -161.91489458084106,\n 23.061707747711164\n ],\n [\n -161.91489458084106,\n 23.061016746184198\n ],\n [\n -161.9147443771362,\n 23.060305998055032\n ],\n [\n -161.91395044326782,\n 23.059832163883666\n ],\n [\n -161.913800239563,\n 23.05941755761528\n ],\n [\n -161.9166111946106,\n 23.058193474514148\n ],\n [\n -161.9175124168396,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.91869258880612,\n 23.056989123824533\n ],\n [\n -161.91890716552734,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.9191861152649,\n 23.058529111310904\n ],\n [\n -161.9193363189697,\n 23.05843039469286\n ],\n [\n -161.91965818405149,\n 23.05785783688045\n ],\n [\n -161.92015171051025,\n 23.057818350044993\n ],\n [\n -161.92105293273926,\n 23.057877580293837\n ],\n [\n -161.92171812057495,\n 23.05815398777716\n ],\n [\n -161.92231893539426,\n 23.059259612034225\n ],\n [\n -161.92259788513184,\n 23.059141152726816\n ],\n [\n -161.9226622581482,\n 23.058627827856547\n ],\n [\n -161.92332744598386,\n 23.05835142134628\n ],\n [\n -161.92384243011475,\n 23.05789732370433\n ],\n [\n -161.92416429519653,\n 23.05813424440432\n ],\n [\n -161.92463636398315,\n 23.05835142134628\n ],\n [\n -161.925151348114,\n 23.058450138022252\n ],\n [\n -161.92525863647458,\n 23.058035527496667\n ],\n [\n -161.9250226020813,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.92476511001587,\n 23.056929893184748\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.05659425240029\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.05623886712811\n ],\n [\n -161.92474365234375,\n 23.05588348091769\n ],\n [\n -161.92506551742554,\n 23.05546886248638\n ],\n [\n -161.9253444671631,\n 23.055587325025623\n ],\n [\n -161.925687789917,\n 23.056021686777676\n ],\n [\n -161.9261384010315,\n 23.056574508798693\n ],\n [\n -161.92639589309692,\n 23.057186559102288\n ],\n [\n -161.926953792572,\n 23.057620915693953\n ],\n [\n -161.92736148834229,\n 23.058055270883997\n ],\n [\n -161.92779064178467,\n 23.058904233799186\n ],\n [\n -161.92791938781735,\n 23.05947678716038\n ],\n [\n -161.92785501480103,\n 23.0599703656893\n ],\n [\n -161.92834854125977,\n 23.06107597502553\n ],\n [\n -161.92821979522705,\n 23.061727490559797\n ],\n [\n -161.928391456604,\n 23.062477716661817\n ],\n [\n -161.92862749099731,\n 23.063188453321484\n ],\n [\n -161.92892789840695,\n 23.06407686886725\n ],\n [\n -161.92892789840695,\n 23.06470862746458\n ],\n [\n -161.928391456604,\n 23.064807339477476\n ],\n [\n -161.92796230316162,\n 23.064649400222073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a08de4b0f2f0cebdb051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. 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Such movement would circumvent the electric fish barrier on the canal and allow Asian carps to travel unimpeded into Lake Michigan. This potential pathway for the spread of Asian carps and other invasive species was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The bed of the DPR appears to be in at least partial contact with the exposed bedrock in most of the area from about 1 mile west of Kingery Highway to Romeo Road (the study area). Areas of exposed bedrock are the most likely places for Asian carps to enter the groundwater system from the DPR. Water levels in the DPR typically are about 7–16 feet higher than those in the CSSC in most of the study area. This difference in water level provides the driving force for the potential spread of Asian carps from the DPR to the CSSC by way of groundwater.
Groundwater flow (and potentially invasive-species movement) is through an interconnected network of permeable vertical and horizontal fractures within the Silurian dolomite bedrock. At least some of the fractures are associated with paleo-karst features. Several investigative techniques identified horizontal permeable fractures at about 546–552 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 within about 55 feet of the CSSC in the focus area between Lemont Road and Interstate 355. The elevation of the bottom of the CSSC in this area is about 551 feet, indicating that a direct conduit for flow of groundwater to the CSSC may be present. Wells further away from the CSSC in this area do not intercept fractures, so the fracture network may not be continuous between the DPR and the CSSC. These data are consistent with field observations of the secondary-permeability network along the CSSC walls, which indicate that the secondary-permeability features are completely filled with Pennsylvanian sediments within a few feet of the canal wall.
Water-level data indicate the potential for flow from the DPR into the Silurian aquifer in the focus area, then from the aquifer to the CSSC. Water-level data also indicate that the fractures within the aquifer in the focus area are hydraulically well connected to the CSSC but not to the DPR, indicating that flow from the DPR to the groundwater system may not be substantial or rapid.
Water-quality data in the CSSC and the DPR show similar values and trends and are affected by diel and longer term variations in climate and precipitation. However, the values and trends in water quality in the groundwater system tended to be substantially different from those in the DPR and the CSSC, indicating that the DPR and the CSSC do not appreciably recharge the groundwater system. Water-quality and flow data do indicate that groundwater discharges to the CSSC in part of the focus area. The absence of substantial hydraulic interaction between the groundwater and the DPR is supported by the absence of detectable concentrations of the dye tracer added to the DPR in groundwater in the focus area, which indicates that water from the DPR requires more than 2 weeks to move into the monitored parts of the groundwater system under approximately typical hydraulic conditions. The totality of the data indicates that there is minimal potential for the inter-basin spread of Asian carps by way of the groundwater pathway between Romeo Road and Stickney, Illinois.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative ","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Mills, P.C., and Jackson, P.R., 2016, Geology, hydrology, water quality, and potential for interbasin invasive-species spread by way of the groundwater pathway near Lemont, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5095, 91 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165095.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036386","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HH6H55","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial distribution of Rhodamine WT dye concentration measured in the Des Plaines River and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Chicago, IL in November 2011"},{"id":438561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S180KR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Doppler current profiler velocity data collected in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 2010 and 2011 in support of the interbasin transport study for invasive Asian carp"},{"id":438560,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N877WG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality distribution in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, USGS towed multiparameter sonde, Daily tow data files (Feb. 25-27, 2010 and March 2-3, 2010)"},{"id":327111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/sir20165095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5095"},{"id":327110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lemont","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River, Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Illinois Canal and Michigan Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ],\n [\n -88.37677001953125,\n 41.46125371076149\n ],\n [\n -88.37127685546875,\n 42.3179394544685\n ],\n [\n -87.84393310546875,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -87.64068603515625,\n 42.05948945192712\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Or visit our Web site at:
http://il.water.usgs.gov
Warming climates are rapidly transforming lake ecosystems worldwide, but the breadth of changes in tropical lakes is poorly documented. Sustainable management of freshwater fisheries and biodiversity requires accounting for historical and ongoing stressors such as climate change and harvest intensity. This is problematic in tropical Africa, where records of ecosystem change are limited and local populations rely heavily on lakes for nutrition. Here, using a ∼1,500-y paleoecological record, we show that declines in fishery species and endemic molluscs began well before commercial fishing in Lake Tanganyika, Africa’s deepest and oldest lake. Paleoclimate and instrumental records demonstrate sustained warming in this lake during the last ∼150 y, which affects biota by strengthening and shallowing stratification of the water column. Reductions in lake mixing have depressed algal production and shrunk the oxygenated benthic habitat by 38% in our study areas, yielding fish and mollusc declines. Late-20th century fish fossil abundances at two of three sites were lower than at any other time in the last millennium and fell in concert with reduced diatom abundance and warming water. A negative correlation between lake temperature and fish and mollusc fossils over the last ∼500 y indicates that climate warming and intensifying stratification have almost certainly reduced potential fishery production, helping to explain ongoing declines in fish catches. Long-term declines of both benthic and pelagic species underscore the urgency of strategic efforts to sustain Lake Tanganyika’s extraordinary biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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motion simulations on rough faults including effects of 3D stochastic velocity perturbations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:59:39","indexId":"70182724","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic ground motion simulations on rough faults including effects of 3D stochastic velocity perturbations","docAbstract":"We describe a methodology for generating kinematic earthquake ruptures for use in 3D ground‐motion simulations over the 0–5 Hz frequency band. Our approach begins by specifying a spatially random slip distribution that has a roughly wavenumber‐squared fall‐off. Given a hypocenter, the rupture speed is specified to average about 75%–80% of the local shear wavespeed and the prescribed slip‐rate function has a Kostrov‐like shape with a fault‐averaged rise time that scales self‐similarly with the seismic moment. Both the rupture time and rise time include significant local perturbations across the fault surface specified by spatially random fields that are partially correlated with the underlying slip distribution. We represent velocity‐strengthening fault zones in the shallow (<5 km) and deep (>15 km) crust by decreasing rupture speed and increasing rise time in these regions. Additional refinements to this approach include the incorporation of geometric perturbations to the fault surface, 3D stochastic correlated perturbations to the P‐ and S‐wave velocity structure, and a damage zone surrounding the shallow fault surface characterized by a 30% reduction in seismic velocity. We demonstrate the approach using a suite of simulations for a hypothetical Mw 6.45 strike‐slip earthquake embedded in a generalized hard‐rock velocity structure. The simulation results are compared with the median predictions from the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 Project ground‐motion prediction equations and show very good agreement over the frequency band 0.1–5 Hz for distances out to 25 km from the fault. Additionally, the newly added features act to reduce the coherency of the radiated higher frequency (f>1 Hz) ground motions, and homogenize radiation‐pattern effects in this same bandwidth, which move the simulations closer to the statistical characteristics of observed motions as illustrated by comparison with recordings from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160088","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., and Pitarka, A., 2016, Kinematic ground motion simulations on rough faults including effects of 3D stochastic velocity perturbations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 2136-2153, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160088.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2153","ipdsId":"IP-073867","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1420289","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bee4b01ccd54fddfae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitarka, Arben","contributorId":184062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitarka","given":"Arben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175980,"text":"70175980 - 2016 - Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:21:49","indexId":"70175980","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States","docAbstract":"Invasions by non-native plants can alter ecosystems such that new ecological states are reached, but less is known about how these transitions influence animal populations. Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are experiencing state changes because of fire and invasion by exotic annual grasses. Our goal was to study the effects of these state changes on the Owyhee and western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex salinusOlsen and P. occidentalis Cresson, respectively). We sampled 358 1-ha plots across the northern Great Basin, which captured unburned and burned conditions across 1 −≥31 years postfire. Our results indicated an immediate and consistent change in vegetation states from shrubland to grassland between 1 and 31 years postfire. Harvester ant occupancy was unrelated to time since fire, whereas we observed a positive effect of fire on nest density. Similarly, we discovered that fire and invasion by exotic annuals were weak predictors of harvester ant occupancy but strong predictors of nest density. Occupancy of harvester ants was more likely in areas with finer-textured soils, low precipitation, abundant native forbs, and low shrub cover. Nest density was higher in arid locations that recently burned and exhibited abundant exotic annual and perennial (exotic and native) grasses. Finally, we discovered that burned areas that received postfire restoration had minimal influence on harvester ant occupancy or nest density compared with burned and untreated areas. These results suggest that fire-induced state changes from native shrublands to grasslands dominated by non-native grasses have a positive effect on density of harvester ants (but not occupancy), and that postfire restoration does not appear to positively or negatively affect harvester ants. Although wildfire and invasion by exotic annual grasses may negatively affect other species, harvester ants may indeed be one of the few winners among a myriad of losers linked to vegetation state changes within sagebrush ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, J.D., Pilliod, D.S., Arkle, R., Rachlow, J.L., Vierling, K.T., and Wiest, M.M., 2016, Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 69, no. 6, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","ipdsId":"IP-071012","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"69","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd659ae4b03fd6b7de727b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, Joseph D.","contributorId":140098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arkle, Robert 0000-0003-3021-1389 rarkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":149893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","email":"rarkle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rachlow, Janet L.","contributorId":69298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachlow","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vierling, Kerri T.","contributorId":140099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vierling","given":"Kerri","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiest, Michelle M.","contributorId":173973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiest","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175982,"text":"70175982 - 2016 - A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T15:52:31","indexId":"70175982","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5191,"text":"Current Opinion in Insect Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change","docAbstract":"As climate change moves insect systems into uncharted territory, more knowledge about insect dynamics and the factors that drive them could enable us to better manage and conserve insect communities. Climate change may also require us revisit insect management goals and strategies and lead to a new kind of scientific engagement in management decision-making. Here we make five key points about the role of insect science in aiding and crafting management decisions, and we illustrate those points with the monarch butterfly and the Karner blue butterfly, two species undergoing considerable change and facing new management dilemmas. Insect biology has a strong history of engagement in applied problems, and as the impacts of climate change increase, a reimagined ethic of entomology in service of broader society may emerge. We hope to motivate insect biologists to contribute time and effort toward solving the challenges of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","usgsCitation":"Hellmann, J.J., Grundel, R., Hoving, C., and Schuurman, G.W., 2016, A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change: Current Opinion in Insect Science, v. 17, p. 92-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076809","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd6599e4b03fd6b7de7253","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hellmann Jessica J, Grundel Ralph, Hoving Chris, Schuurman Gregor W","journalName":"Current Opinion in Insect Science","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellmann, Jessica J.","contributorId":151010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellmann","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoving, Chris","contributorId":173974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoving","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27328,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W.","contributorId":173975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176079,"text":"70176079 - 2016 - The rise and fall of infectious disease in a warmer world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T08:39:58","indexId":"70176079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5192,"text":"F1000 Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise and fall of infectious disease in a warmer world","docAbstract":"Now-outdated estimates proposed that climate change should have increased the number of people at risk of malaria, yet malaria and several other infectious diseases have declined. Although some diseases have increased as the climate has warmed, evidence for widespread climate-driven disease expansion has not materialized, despite increased research attention. Biological responses to warming depend on the non-linear relationships between physiological performance and temperature, called the thermal response curve. This leads performance to rise and fall with temperature. Under climate change, host species and their associated parasites face extinction if they cannot either thermoregulate or adapt by shifting phenology or geographic range. Climate change might also affect disease transmission through increases or decreases in host susceptibility and infective stage (and vector) production, longevity, and pathology. Many other factors drive disease transmission, especially economics, and some change in time along with temperature, making it hard to distinguish whether temperature drives disease or just correlates with disease drivers. Although it is difficult to predict how climate change will affect infectious disease, an ecological approach can help meet the challenge.
","language":"English","publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.8766.1","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Mordecai, E., 2016, The rise and fall of infectious disease in a warmer world: F1000 Research, v. 5, no. 2040, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8766.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075539","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8766.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2040","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016cee4b0f2f0ceb87370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mordecai, Erin A.","contributorId":9113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Erin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175972,"text":"70175972 - 2016 - Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:09:00","indexId":"70175972","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing","docAbstract":"Long‐period (>100 s period) seismic data can often be dominated by instrumental noise as well as local site noise. When multiple collocated sensors are installed at a single site, it is possible to improve the overall station noise levels by applying stacking methods to their traces. We look at the noise reduction in long‐period seismic data by applying the time–frequency phase‐weighted stacking method of Schimmel and Gallart (2007) as well as the phase‐weighted stacking (PWS) method of Schimmel and Paulssen (1997) to four collocated broadband sensors installed in the quiet Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory underground vault. We show that such stacking methods can improve vertical noise levels by as much as 10 dB over the mean background noise levels at 400 s period, suggesting that greater improvements could be achieved with an array involving multiple sensors. We also apply this method to reduce local incoherent noise on horizontal seismic records of the 2 March 2016 Mw 7.8 Sumatra earthquake, where the incoherent noise levels at very long periods are similar in amplitude to the earthquake signal. To maximize the coherency, we apply the PWS method to horizontal data where relative azimuths between collocated sensors are estimated and compared with a simpler linear stack with no azimuthal rotation. Such methods could help reduce noise levels at various seismic stations where multiple high‐quality sensors have been deployed. Such small arrays may also provide a solution to improving long‐period noise levels at Global Seismographic Network stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120160129","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Wilson, D.C., Storm, T., Marshall, B.T., Hutt, C.R., and Holland, A., 2016, Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 1991-1997, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160129.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1991","endPage":"1997","ipdsId":"IP-076728","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd659ae4b03fd6b7de7267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storm, Tyler 0000-0002-6787-9545 tstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-9545","contributorId":152165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"Tyler","email":"tstorm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Benjamin T.","contributorId":173968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16157,"text":"Honeywell Technology Solutions Incoporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, Austin 0000-0002-7843-1981 aaholland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-1981","contributorId":173969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Austin","email":"aaholland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175978,"text":"70175978 - 2016 - Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:22:51","indexId":"70175978","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter","docAbstract":"Although winter is a critically important period for stream salmonids, aspects of the ecology of several species are poorly understood. Consequently, we examined the diel feeding ecology of subyearling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during winter in a central New York stream. Rainbow trout diet was significantly different during each 4-h interval and also differed from the drift and benthos. Feeding was significantly greater during darkness (i.e. 20:00 h – 04:00 h) than during daylight hours (i.e. 08:00 h – 16:00 h), peaking at 20:00 h. Daily food consumption (1.9 mg) and daily ration (3.4 %) during winter were substantially lower than previously reported for subyearling rainbow trout in the same stream during summer. These findings provide important new insights into the winter feeding ecology of juvenile rainbow trout in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10641-016-0521-x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Chalupnicki, M., and Abbett, R., 2016, Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 99, no. 10, p. 771-778, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0521-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"778","ipdsId":"IP-078855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"99","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd6599e4b03fd6b7de7257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc 0000-0002-3792-9345 mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":173643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc","email":"mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbett, Ross 0000-0001-6276-5541 rabbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-5541","contributorId":4359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbett","given":"Ross","email":"rabbett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175941,"text":"70175941 - 2016 - Sulfur species in source rock bitumen before and after hydrous pyrolysis determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T16:00:37","indexId":"70175941","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur species in source rock bitumen before and after hydrous pyrolysis determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure","docAbstract":"The sulfur speciation of source rock bitumen (chloroform-extractable organic matter in sedimentary rocks) was examined using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for a suite of 11 source rocks from around the world. Sulfur speciation was determined for both the native bitumen in thermally immature rocks and the bitumen produced by thermal maturation of kerogen via hydrous pyrolysis (360 °C for 72 h) and retained within the rock matrix. In this study, the immature bitumens had higher sulfur concentrations than those extracted from samples after hydrous pyrolysis. In addition, dramatic and systematic evolution of the bitumen sulfur moiety distributions following artificial thermal maturation was observed consistently for all samples. Specifically, sulfoxide sulfur (sulfur double bonded to oxygen) is abundant in all immature bitumen samples but decreases substantially following hydrous pyrolysis. The loss in sulfoxide sulfur is associated with a relative increase in the fraction of thiophene sulfur (sulfur bonded to aromatic carbon) to the extent that thiophene is the dominant sulfur form in all post-pyrolysis bitumen samples. This suggests that sulfur moiety distributions might be used for estimating thermal maturity in source rocks based on the character of the extractable organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00744","usgsCitation":"Bolin, T.B., Birdwell, J.E., Lewan, M., Hill, R., Grayson, M.B., Mitra-Kirtley, S., Bake, K.D., Craddock, P., Abdallah, W., and Pomerantz, A.E., 2016, Sulfur species in source rock bitumen before and after hydrous pyrolysis determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure: Energy & Fuels, v. 30, no. 8, p. 6264-6270, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00744.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6264","endPage":"6270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073871","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc141be4b03fd6b7dd6a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolin, Trudy B.","contributorId":173937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolin","given":"Trudy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27320,"text":"Argonne National Laboratory and Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, Michael 0000-0001-6347-1553 mlewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-1553","contributorId":173938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Ronald J.","contributorId":62306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Ronald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grayson, Michael B.","contributorId":173939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grayson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27321,"text":"Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitra-Kirtley, Sudipa","contributorId":173940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra-Kirtley","given":"Sudipa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27321,"text":"Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bake, Kyle D.","contributorId":173941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bake","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27322,"text":"Schlumberger-Doll Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Craddock, Paul R.","contributorId":14100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Abdallah, Wael","contributorId":173942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abdallah","given":"Wael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27323,"text":"Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pomerantz, Andrew E.","contributorId":173943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomerantz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27322,"text":"Schlumberger-Doll Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70175949,"text":"70175949 - 2016 - Antigenic characterization of H3 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses from North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:52:31","indexId":"70175949","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antigenic characterization of H3 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses from North America","docAbstract":"Besides humans, H3 subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect various animal hosts, including avian, swine, equine, canine, and sea mammal species. These H3 viruses are both antigenically and genetically diverse. Here, we characterized the antigenic diversity of contemporary H3 avian IAVs recovered from migratory birds in North America. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed on 37 H3 isolates of avian IAVs recovered from 2007 to 2011 using generated reference chicken sera. These isolates were recovered from samples taken in the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific waterfowl migration flyways. Antisera to all the tested H3 isolates cross-reacted with each other and, to a lesser extent, with those to H3 canine and H3 equine IAVs. Antigenic cartography showed that the largest antigenic distance among the 37 avian IAVs is about four units, and each unit corresponds to a 2 log 2 difference in the HI titer. However, none of the tested H3 IAVs cross-reacted with ferret sera derived from contemporary swine and human IAVs. Our results showed that the H3 avian IAVs we tested lacked significant antigenic diversity, and these viruses were antigenically different from those circulating in swine and human populations. This suggests that H3 avian IAVs in North American waterfowl are antigenically relatively stable.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/11086-041015-RegR","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E., Long, L., Zhao, N., Hall, J.S., Baroch, J.A., Nolting, J., Senter, L., Cunningham, F.L., Pharr, G.T., Hanson, L., Slemons, R., DeLiberto, T.J., and Wan, X., 2016, Antigenic characterization of H3 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses from North America: Avian Diseases, v. 60, no. 1s, p. 346-353, https://doi.org/10.1637/11086-041015-RegR.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"353","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071562","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4911812","text":"External 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Nan","contributorId":173952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Nan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baroch, John A","contributorId":173953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baroch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":27327,"text":"USDA-APHIS 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J.","contributorId":145606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16167,"text":"7United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wan, Xiu-Feng","contributorId":173959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wan","given":"Xiu-Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70175943,"text":"70175943 - 2016 - Preserving prairies: Understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:58:48","indexId":"70175943","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving prairies: Understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Two Eurasian invasive annual brome grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), are well known for their impact in steppe ecosystems of the western United States where these grasses have altered fire regimes, reduced native plant diversity and abundance, and degraded wildlife habitat. Annual bromes are also abundant in the grasslands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), but their impact and ecology are not as well studied. It is unclear whether the lessons learned from the steppe will translate to the mixed-grass prairie where native plant species are adapted to frequent fires and grazing. Developing a successful annual brome management strategy for National Park Service units and other NGP grasslands requires better understanding of (1) the impact of annual bromes on grassland condition; (2) the dynamics of these species through space and time; and (3) the relative importance of environmental factors within and outside managers' control for these spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we use vegetation monitoring data collected from 1998 to 2015 in 295 sites to relate spatiotemporal variability of annual brome grasses to grassland composition, weather, physical environmental characteristics, and ecological processes (grazing and fire). Concern about the impact of these species in NGP grasslands is warranted, as we found a decline in native species richness with increasing annual brome cover. Annual brome cover generally increased over the time of monitoring but also displayed a 3- to 5-yr cycle of reduction and resurgence. Relative cover of annual bromes in the monitored areas was best predicted by park unit, weather, extant plant community, slope grade, soil composition, and fire history. We found no evidence that grazing reduced annual brome cover, but this may be due to the relatively low grazing pressure in our study. By understanding the consequences and patterns of annual brome invasion, we will be better able to preserve and restore these grassland landscapes for future generations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1438","usgsCitation":"Ashton, I., Symstad, A.J., Davis, C., and Swanson, D.J., 2016, Preserving prairies: Understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 8, e01438; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1438.","productDescription":"e01438; 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073686","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1438","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc141be4b03fd6b7dd6a6f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1438","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1438","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Ashton Isabel W., Symstad Amy J., Davis Christopher J., Swanson Daniel J.","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashton, Isabel","contributorId":173944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashton","given":"Isabel","affiliations":[{"id":27324,"text":"NPS, Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Christopher","contributorId":173945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":27324,"text":"NPS, Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Daniel J.","contributorId":54515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175924,"text":"70175924 - 2016 - Transport of atrazine versus bromide and δO18 in sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T10:26:52","indexId":"70175924","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Transport of atrazine versus bromide and δO18 in sand","title":"Transport of atrazine versus bromide and δO18 in sand","docAbstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the process of atrazine transport compared to bromide and δO18 transport in sands near Denver. Three 1.5 × 2 × 1.5-m plots were installed and allowed to equilibrate for 2 years before research initiation and were instrumented with 1.5 × 2-m zero-tension pan lysimeters installed at 1.5-m depths. Additionally, each plot was instrumented with suction lysimeters, tensiometers, time domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, and thermocouples (to measure soil temperature) at 15-cm depth increments. All plots were enclosed with a raised frame (of 8-cm height) to prevent surface runoff. During the 2-year period before research began, all suction and pan lysimeters were purged monthly and were sampled for fluids immediately prior to atrazine and KBr application to obtain background concentrations. Atrazine illustrated little movement until after a significant rainfall event, which peaked concentrations at depths of about 90 to 135 cm. Both Br− and δO18 moved rapidly through the soil, probably owing to soil porosity and anion exclusion for Br−. Concentrations of atrazine exceeding 5.0 μL−1 were observed with depth (90 to 150 cm) after several months. It appears that significant rainfall events were a key factor in the movement of atrazine in the sand, which allowed the chemicals to move to greater depths and thus avoid generally found biodegradation processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s11270-016-2983-z","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., and Friedel, M.J., 2016, Transport of atrazine versus bromide and δO18 in sand: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 227, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2983-z.","productDescription":"Article 294; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076528","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc141be4b03fd6b7dd6a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175962,"text":"70175962 - 2016 - A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T19:13:24","indexId":"70175962","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery","docAbstract":"The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 sensors provide multi-spectral image data with similar spectral and spatial characteristics that together provide improved temporal coverage globally. Both systems are designed to register Level 1 products to a reference image framework, however, the Landsat-8 framework, based upon the Global Land Survey images, contains residual geolocation errors leading to an expected sensor-to-sensor misregistration of 38 m (2σ). These misalignments vary geographically but should be stable for a given area. The Landsat framework will be readjusted for consistency with the Sentinel-2 Global Reference Image, with completion expected in 2018. In the interim, users can measure Landsat-to-Sentinel tie points to quantify the misalignment in their area of interest and if appropriate to reproject the data to better alignment.","language":"English","publisher":"American Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.025","usgsCitation":"Storey, J.C., Roy, D.P., Masek, J., Gascon, F., Dwyer, J.L., and Choate, M., 2016, A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 186, p. 121-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.025.","startPage":"121","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-077807","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73ace4b03fd6b7df2c56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":71083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masek, Jeffrey","contributorId":89783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gascon, Ferran","contributorId":173965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gascon","given":"Ferran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27013,"text":"European Space Agency, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175542,"text":"sir20165089 - 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The assessment evaluates the potential for locatable minerals such as gold, copper, and lithium and describes the nature and occurrence of leaseable and salable minerals for seven Sagebrush Focal Areas and additional lands in Nevada (“Nevada additions”) delineated by BLM. Supporting data are available in a series of USGS data releases describing mineral occurrences (the USGS Mineral Deposit Database or “USMIN”), oil and gas production and well status, previous mineral-resource assessments that covered parts of the areas studied, and a compilation of mineral-use cases based on data provided by BLM, as well as results of the locatable mineral-resource assessment in a geographic information system. The present assessment of mineral-resource potential will contribute to a better understanding of the economic and environmental trade-offs that would result from closing approximately 10 million acres of Federal lands to mineral entry.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://minerals.usgs.gov/
This report, chapter A of Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5089, provides an overview of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sagebrush Mineral-Resource Assessment (SaMiRA). The report also describes the methods, procedures, and voluminous fundamental reference information used throughout the assessment. Data from several major publicly available databases and other published sources were used to develop an understanding of the locatable, leaseable, and salable mineral resources of this vast area. This report describes the geologic, mineral-occurrence, geochemical, geophysical, remote-sensing, and Bureau of Land Management mineral-case-status data used for the assessment, along with the methods for evaluating locatable mineral-resource potential. The report also discusses energy-resource data (oil and gas, coal, and geothermal) used in the assessment. Appendixes include summary descriptive mineral-deposit models that provide the criteria necessary to assess for the pertinent locatable minerals and market-demand commodity profiles for locatable mineral commodities relevant to the project. Datasets used in the assessment are available as USGS data releases.
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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
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http://minerals.usgs.gov/
Risk to predators hunting dangerous prey is an emerging area of research and could account for possible persistent differences in gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack sizes. We documented significant differences in long-term wolf-pack-size averages and variation in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Denali National Park and Preserve, Yellowstone National Park, and Yukon, Canada (p<0.01). The SNF differences could be related to the wolves’ risk when hunting primary prey, for those packs (N=3) hunting moose (Alces americanus) were significantly larger than those (N=10) hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (F1,8=16.50, p=0.004). Our data support the hypothesis that differential pack-size persistence may be perpetuated by differences in primary prey riskiness to wolves, and we highlight two important extensions of this idea: (1) the potential for wolves to provision and defend injured packmates from other wolves and (2) the importance of less-risky, buffer prey to pack-size persistence and year-to-year variation.
\nRisk to predators hunting dangerous prey is an emerging area of research and could account for possible persistent differences in gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack sizes. We documented significant differences in long-term wolf-pack-size averages and variation in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Denali National Park and Preserve, Yellowstone National Park, and Yukon, Canada (p<0.01). The SNF differences could be related to the wolves’ risk when hunting primary prey, for those packs (N=3) hunting moose (Alces americanus) were significantly larger than those (N=10) hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (F1,8=16.50, p=0.004). Our data support the hypothesis that differential pack-size persistence may be perpetuated by differences in primary prey riskiness to wolves, and we highlight two important extensions of this idea: (1) the potential for wolves to provision and defend injured packmates from other wolves and (2) the importance of less-risky, buffer prey to pack-size persistence and year-to-year variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"E.J. Brill","publisherLocation":"Leiden, Netherlands","doi":"10.1163/1568539X-00003391","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., Mech, L.D., Newton, W.E., and Borg, B., 2016, Differential wolf-pack-size persistence and the role of risk when hunting dangerous prey: Behaviour, v. 153, no. 12, p. 1473-1487, https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003391.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1487","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074623","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b81f9ce4b03fd6b7d989a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":4422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon M.","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borg, Bridget","contributorId":173862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"Bridget","affiliations":[{"id":27306,"text":"Denali Natil Park and Preserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175891,"text":"70175891 - 2016 - A pelagic outbreak of avian cholera in North American gulls: Scavenging as a primary mechanism for transmission?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:42:44","indexId":"70175891","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A pelagic outbreak of avian cholera in North American gulls: Scavenging as a primary mechanism for transmission?","docAbstract":"Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is an endemic disease globally, often causing annual epizootics in North American wild bird populations with thousands of mortalities. From December 2006 to March 2007, an avian cholera outbreak caused mortality in marine birds off the coast of Atlantic Canada, largely centered 300–400 km off the coast of the island of Newfoundland. Scavenging gulls (Larus spp.) were the primary species detected; however, mortality was also identified in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and one Common Raven (Corvus corax), a nonmarine species. The most common gross necropsy findings in the birds with confirmed avian cholera were acute fibrinous and necrotizing lesions affecting the spleen, air sacs, and pericardium, and nonspecific hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The etiologic agent, P. multocida serotype 1, was recovered from 77 of 136 carcasses examined, and confirmed or probable avian cholera was diagnosed in 85 cases. Mortality observed in scavenging gull species was disproportionately high relative to their abundance, particularly when compared to nonscavenging species. The presence of feather shafts in the ventricular lumen of the majority of larid carcasses diagnosed with avian cholera suggests scavenging of birds that died from avian cholera as a major mode of transmission. This documentation of an outbreak of avian cholera in a North American pelagic environment affecting primarily scavenging gulls indicates that offshore marine environments may be a component of avian cholera dynamics.
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Forestry and Agrifoods Agency. P.O. Box 7400. St. John’s, NL A1E","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70169908,"text":"70169908 - 2016 - Spatial differences in hydrologic characteristics and water chemistry of a temperate coastal plain peatland: The Great Dismal Swamp, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:26:41","indexId":"70169908","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial differences in hydrologic characteristics and water chemistry of a temperate coastal plain peatland: The Great Dismal Swamp, USA","docAbstract":"Spatial differences in hydrologic processes and geochemistry across forested peatlands control the response of the wetland-community species and resiliency to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Knowing these controls is essential to effectively managing peatlands as resilient wetland habitats. The Great Dismal Swamp is a 45,325 hectare peatland in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina, USA, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The existing forest-species distribution is a product of timber harvesting, hydrologic alteration by canal and road construction, and wildfires. Since 2009, studies of hydrologic and geochemical controls have expanded knowledge of groundwater flow paths, water chemistry, response to precipitation events, and characteristics of the peat. Dominant hydrologic and geochemical controls include (1) the gradual slope in land surface, (2) vertical differences in the hydraulic characteristics of the peat, (3) the proximity of lateral groundwater and small stream inflows from uplands, (4) the presence of an extensive canal and road network, and (5) small, adjustable-height dams on the canals. Although upland sources provide some surface water and lateral groundwater inflow to western parts of the swamp, direct groundwater recharge by precipitation is the major source of water throughout the swamp and the only source in many areas. Additionally, the proximity and type of upland water sources affect water levels and nutrient concentrations in canal water and groundwater. Where streams are a dominant upland source, variations in groundwater levels and nutrient concentrations are greater than where recharge by precipitation is the primary water source. Where upland groundwater is a dominant source, water levels are more stable. Because the species distribution of forest communities in the Swamp is strongly influenced by these controls, swamp managers are beginning to incorporate this knowledge into forest, water, and fire management plans.
This study assessed progress toward achieving sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed of the Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona, through evaluation of 14 indicators of sustainable use. Sustainable use of groundwater in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed requires, at a minimum, a stable rate of groundwater discharge to, and thus base flow in, the San Pedro River. Many of the 14 indicators are therefore related to long-term or short-term effects on base flow and provide us with a means to evaluate groundwater discharge to and base flow in the San Pedro River. The indicators were based primarily on 10 to 20 years of data monitoring in the subwatershed, ending in 2012, and included subwatershedwide indicators, riparian-system indicators, San Pedro River indicators, and springs indicators.
\nGroundwater management actions including voluntary retirement of irrigation pumping in the subwatershed resulted in about a 5,100 acre-feet (acre-ft) reduction in net human use from 2002 to 2012. Subwatershed population increased more than 10,000 during the same period. Most of the reduction occurred during 2002–07 and included reductions in groundwater pumping and increases in managed recharge; net human use varied annually by a few hundred acre-ft during 2007–12. The groundwater budget for 2012 showed a deficit of about 5,000 acre-ft, although the total water-budget uncertainty was about 5,500 acre-ft.
\nIn the vicinity of the U.S. Army’s Fort Huachuca, regional-aquifer water levels were in steady decline beginning in at least the mid-1990s (in older wells since at least the early-1970s), as the cone of depression centered on the Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca pumping centers continued to deepen. This was evident in the individual water levels on Fort Huachuca, as well as from the horizontal hydraulic gradients that extend from the pumping centers toward the San Pedro and Babocomari Rivers. Basin water levels in wells southeast of Sierra Vista, away from the river, were also experiencing declines, while some water levels closer to the river were rising.
\nNear-stream vertical gradients along the San Pedro River showed no clear increasing or decreasing trends that would indicate a shift in the direction of subsurface flow between the riverbed and the alluvial aquifer, or a trend in the magnitude of groundwater/surface-water exchange. Annual streamflow permanence data showed no clear change in streamflow permanence trends in any of the river reaches, other than those related to precipitation trends. Similarly, the single-day, dry-season, wet-dry streamflow analysis of all subwatershed river reaches indicated no change in condition over the past 14 years, with the exception of the Hereford reach, which has seen a statistically significant increase in wetted length. Dry-season, alluvial-aquifer water levels in the Hereford reach also showed a statistically significant increase. These improvements are attributed to the end of irrigation pumping in the area. Although data indicate that the length of the Fairbank North wetted reach may be in decline, it is not yet statistically significant.
\nStable-isotope data indicated reduced groundwater discharge to the Babocomari River in the vicinity of the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station and to the San Pedro River near the San Pedro River at Palominas gaging station and near the Lewis Springs DCP stage recorder. The Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station is downgradient of the major pumping centers. The change in isotopic signature at the Lewis Springs stage recorder could have been the result of alterations in groundwater/surface-water interactions there caused by beaver damming of the river. Base flow in the San Pedro River declined over the periods of record at the three San Pedro River gaging stations in the subwatershed (Palominas, Charleston, and Tombstone), as well as at the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station. Precipitation declined slightly from the 1990s to the 2000s, although there is no statistically significant trend in subwatershed precipitation from 1991 to 2012. The occurrence of large winter discharge events appeared to decline and that of large summer discharge events appeared to increase over this same period.
\nData for physical parameters, general chemistry, nutrient species, select trace elements, and suspended sediment were collected at San Pedro River at Charleston stream-gaging station. These data were summarized over time and analyzed in relation to discharge and season as a means to assess trends over the period of analysis. Federal and State of Arizona drinking-water and human-contact standards were all met and few exceedances occurred for the ecological thresholds investigated. Several constituents showed a significant trend over the period of analysis, but only concentration and flux data for total phosphate, orthophosphate, total nitrogen, suspended sediment, and sulfate were suitable to be used in a weighted regression analysis that statistically accounted for time, discharge, and season. Sulfate concentrations and flux showed a significant downward trend over the period of analysis, whereas total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate showed a relatively small magnitude upward trend relative to standards. Suspended sediment concentrations and flux both showed a significant downward trend in the 1980s, an effect attributed to reduction of cattle in the subwatershed at about this time, and (or) increased cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix goodingii) recruitment, and (or) the curtailment of sand and gravel mining adjacent to the San Pedro River with the designation of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area in 1988. A spike in sediment flux in 2006 may be attributable to the more than 100 debris flows in the Huachuca Mountains during the summer monsoon of that year.
\nSpring discharge along the San Pedro River generally increased at three sites proximate to the Sierra Vista treated effluent recharge facility and varied somewhat with climate at two other sites. Median annual discharge at the recharge facility peaked in 2006, and at Murray Springs and Horsethief Spring, downgradient of the recharge facility, in 2009. Sampling for trace organic compounds in flow from springs was carried out using both discrete sampling and passive sampling methods. Spring samples thus collected showed the presence of trace-organic compounds. Lewis Springs (background site) had the least number of detections, whereas Murray Springs, located directly downgradient of the City of Sierra Vista’s treated effluent recharge facility, had the greatest number of detections of all the springs. Discrete samples from the recharge facility had more than twice the detections found in discrete samples from Murray Spring and at much higher concentrations. Few similar trace-organic compounds were detected at both the springs and the treated effluent recharge facility, and the number of detections did not increase during the collection period. Limitations of the study prevented the determination of trace-organic concentration in passive samplers and also prevented linking trace organic compounds detected at the treated effluent recharge facility with compounds detected from the springs. In particular, trace organic compounds could also derive from other sources such as septic systems.
\nLooking at the subwatershed as a whole, base flow was in decline along the entire river reach, but determination of the specific cause of the decline was beyond the scope of this report. Conditions in the area from the municipal pumping center of Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca northeast to the river (from about the Charleston to Tombstone gaging stations) were more commonly in decline than in regions further south. Both long-term indicators, such as regional aquifer groundwater levels and horizontal gradients, and the isotope analysis indicated that groundwater discharge to the river and thus base flow may continue to decline in that area. South of Charleston, indicators were more mixed. Some indicators in the Hereford reach suggest groundwater discharge to the San Pedro River may be increasing there, whereas some indicators in the Palominas reach suggest groundwater discharge to the river there may be declining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165114","usgsCitation":"Gungle, Bruce, Callegary, J.B., Paretti, N.V., Kennedy, J.R., Eastoe, C.J., Turner, D.S., Dickinson, J.E., Levick, L.R., and Sugg, Z.P., 2016, Hydrological conditions and evaluation of sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona (ver. 1.3, April 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5114, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165114.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 90 p.; 1 Table; Appendixes: Tables A1-A4","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077429","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335906,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_table_4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Table 4 spreadsheet"},{"id":326183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_v1.3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Report PDF"},{"id":329328,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/versionHist_.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Version History"},{"id":326185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_appendix-tablesA1-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables A1-A4","size":"33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Appendix Tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 18, 2016; Version 1.1: October 2016; Version 1.2: February 21, 2017; Version 1.3: April 15, 2019","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The nature of regeneration dynamics after hurricane flooding and salinity intrusion may play an important role in shaping coastal vegetation patterns.
\nMETHODS: The regeneration potentials of coastal species, types and gradients (wetland types from seaward to landward) were studied on the Delmarva Peninsula after Hurricane Sandy using seed bank assays to examine responses to various water regimes (unflooded and flooded to 8 cm) and salinity levels (0, 1, and 5 ppt). Seed bank responses to treatments were compared using a generalized linear models approach. Species relationships to treatment and geographical variables were explored using nonmetric multidimensional scaling.
\nKEY RESULTS: Flooding and salinity treatments affected species richness even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). Maritime forest was especially intolerant of salinity intrusion so that species richness was much higher in unflooded and low salinity conditions, despite the proximity of maritime forest to saltmarsh along the coastal gradient. Other vegetation types were also affected, with potential regeneration of these species affected in various ways by flooding and salinity, suggesting relationships to post-hurricane environment and geographic position.
\nCONCLUSIONS: Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in coastal wetlands may in some cases be affected by salinity intrusion events even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). These results indicate that the potential is great for hurricanes to shift vegetation type in sensitive wetland types (e.g., maritime forest) if post-hurricane environments do not support the regeneration of extent vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1600062","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., 2016, Effects of salinity and flooding on post-hurricane regeneration potential in coastal wetland vegetation: American Journal of Botany, v. 103, no. 8, p. 1420-1435, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600062.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1420","endPage":"1435","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072858","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.42346418978382\n ],\n [\n -76.3055419921875,\n 39.21948715423953\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 38.878204997061474\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -76.1627197265625,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -76.0418701171875,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -75.9539794921875,\n 37.01571219880126\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 37.65773212628274\n ],\n [\n -75.0421142578125,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -74.937744140625,\n 38.59540719940386\n ],\n [\n -75.1629638671875,\n 39.031986028740086\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.42346418978382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73bae4b03fd6b7df2c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174105,"text":"ofr20161110 - 2016 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T18:45:04.108352","indexId":"ofr20161110","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-18T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1110","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath bathymetry data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Offshore of Monterey map area in central California is located on the Pacific Coast, about 120 km south of San Francisco. Incorporated cities in the map area include Seaside, Monterey, Marina, Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Sand City. The local economy receives significant resources from tourism, as well as from the Federal Government. Tourist attractions include the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fisherman’s Wharf, and the many golf courses near Pebble Beach, and the area serves as a gateway to the spectacular scenery and outdoor activities along the Big Sur coast to the south. Federal facilities include the Army’s Defense Language Institute, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (operated by the Navy). In 1994, Fort Ord army base, located between Seaside and Marina, was closed; much of former army base land now makes up the Fort Ord National Monument, managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. In addition, part of the old Fort Ord is now occupied by California State University, Monterey Bay.
The offshore part of the map area lies entirely within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, one of the nation’s largest marine sanctuaries. State beaches and parks within the map area include Fort Ord Dunes State Park and the Marina, Monterey, and Asilomar State Beaches, as well as Carmel River State Beach, which includes the Carmel River Lagoon and Wetland Natural Preserve. The map area also includes all or part of several State Marine Protected Areas, including the Carmel Pinnacles, Asilomar, and Lovers Point–Julia Platt State Marine Reserves, as well as the Carmel Bay, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens, Edward F. Ricketts, and Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Areas.
The coastal zone in the map area is characterized by two distinct physiographies. From Marina to Monterey, sandy beaches are backed by a belt of sand dunes, as much as 30 to 40 m high and as wide as 8 km. The Salinas River supplies the sand for the beaches and dunes. Nearshore sediment transport is primarily to the south, in the southern Monterey littoral cell.
Along the Monterey peninsula, which lies at the north end of the rugged Santa Lucia Range, coastal relief is very different. The peninsula is characterized largely by low marine terraces that formed mostly on hard and relatively stable granitic bedrock. Carmel Beach in Carmel-by-the-Sea is the longest continuous beach in this area; bedrock points and small pocket beaches characterize most of the rest of the peninsula. The Carmel River littoral cell extends along the coast from Point Pinos to Point Lobos (just south of the map area), including Carmel Beach; sediment transport is primarily to the south.
The granitic rocks that crop out so prominently along the Monterey peninsula make up part of the Salinian block, a crustal terrane that in this area lies west of the San Andreas Fault and east of the San Gregorio Fault. The strike-slip San Andreas Fault Zone, which lies just 26 km east of the map area, is the most important structure within the Pacific–North American transform plate boundary. The San Gregorio Fault, a secondary fault within the distributed plate boundary, cuts through (and is roughly aligned with) Carmel Canyon, a submarine canyon in the southwest corner of the map area that is part of the Monterey Canyon system. The San Gregorio Fault Zone is part of a fault system that is present predominantly in the offshore for about 400 km, from Point Conception in the south (where it is known as the Hosgri Fault) to Bolinas and Point Reyes in the north.
The offshore part of the map area primarily consists of relatively flat continental shelf, bounded on the west by the steep flanks of Carmel Canyon. Shelf width varies from 2 to 3 km in the southern part of the map area, near the mouth of Carmel Canyon, to 14 km in Monterey Bay. Bedrock beneath the shelf is overlain in many areas by variable amounts (0 to 16 m) of upper Quaternary shelf and nearshore sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. “Soft-induration,” unconsolidated sediment is the dominant (about 63 percent) habitat type on the continental shelf, followed by “hard-induration” rock and boulders (about 34 percent) and “mixed-induration” substrate (about 3 percent). At water depths of about 100 to 130 m, the shelf break approximates the shoreline during the sea-level lowstand of the Last Glacial Maximum, about 21,000 years ago.
Carmel Canyon and other parts of the Monterey Canyon system in the map area extend from the shelf break to water depths that reach 1,600 m. Most of the extensive incision of the shelf break and canyon flanks probably occurred during repeated Quaternary sea-level lowstands. The relatively straight floor of Carmel Canyon notably is aligned with the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Mixed hard-soft substrate is the most common (about 51 percent) habitat type in Carmel Canyon; hard bedrock and soft, unconsolidated sediment cover about 40 percent and 9 percent of canyon habitat, respectively.
This part of the central California coast is exposed to large North Pacific swells from the northwest throughout the year. Wave heights range from 2 to 10 m, the larger swells occurring from October to May. During El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, winter storms track farther south than they do in normal (non-ENSO) years, thereby impacting the map area more frequently and with waves of larger heights.
Benthic species observed in the map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California.
Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. An observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are well-known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161110","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1110, pamphlet 44 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p. 10 Sheets: 66.00 x 36.00 or smaller; Dataset; Metadata","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072255","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438573,"rank":23,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Monterey, California"},{"id":326510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161024","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1024","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Cruz, California, by Guy R. 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Cochrane and others."},{"id":326512,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161072","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1072","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California, by Peter Dartnell and others."},{"id":399110,"rank":22,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104532.htm"},{"id":326526,"rank":21,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, Clifton W. Davenport, and Janet T. Watt"},{"id":326522,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":326520,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":326519,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. 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This report provides an overview of the capabilities and design of Hydra, the global seismic monitoring and analysis system used for earthquake response and catalog production at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Hydra supports the NEIC’s worldwide earthquake monitoring mission in areas such as seismic event detection, seismic data insertion and storage, seismic data processing and analysis, and seismic data output.
The Hydra system automatically identifies seismic phase arrival times and detects the occurrence of earthquakes in near-real time. The system integrates and inserts parametric and waveform seismic data into discrete events in a database for analysis. Hydra computes seismic event parameters, including locations, multiple magnitudes, moment tensors, and depth estimates. Hydra supports the NEIC’s 24/7 analyst staff with a suite of seismic analysis graphical user interfaces.
In addition to the NEIC’s monitoring needs, the system supports the processing of aftershock and temporary deployment data, and supports the NEIC’s quality assurance procedures. The Hydra system continues to be developed to expand its seismic analysis and monitoring capabilities.
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","tableOfContents":"Through the Science Strategy for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Wildlife and the Environment, the USGS will assess avian influenza (AI) dynamics in an ecological context to inform decisions made by resource managers and policymakers from the local to national level. Through collection of unbiased scientific information on the ecology of AI viruses and wildlife hosts in a changing world, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will enhance the development of AI forecasting tools and ensure this information is integrated with a quality decision process for managing HPAI.
The overall goal of this USGS Science Strategy for HPAI in Wildlife and the Environment goes beyond documenting the occurrence and distribution of AI viruses in wild birds. The USGS aims to understand the epidemiological processes and environmental factors that influence HPAI distribution and describe the mechanisms of transmission between wild birds and poultry. USGS scientists developed a conceptual model describing the process linking HPAI dispersal in wild waterfowl to the outbreaks in poultry. This strategy focuses on five long-term science goals, which include:
These goals will help define and describe the processes outlined in the conceptual model with the ultimate goal of facilitating biosecurity and minimizing transfer of diseases across the wildlife-poultry interface. The first four science goals are focused on scientific discovery and the fifth goal is application-based. Decision analyses in the fifth goal will guide prioritization of proposed actions in the first four goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161121","usgsCitation":"Harris, M.C., Pearce, J.M., Prosser, D.J., White, C.L., Miles, A.K., Sleeman, J.M., Brand, C.J., Cronin, J.P., De La Cruz, S., Densmore, C.L., Doyle, T.W., Dusek, R.J., Fleskes, J.P., Flint, P.L., Guala, G.F., Hall, J.S., Hubbard, L.E., Hunt, R.J., Ip, H.S., Katz, R.A., Laurent, K.W., Miller, M.P., Munn, M.D., Ramey, A.M., Richards, K.D., Russell, R.E., Stokdyk, J.P., Takekawa, J.Y., and Walsh, D.P., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey science strategy for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife and the environment (2016–2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1121, 38 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161121.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070395","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1121/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1121/ofr20161121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1121"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Associate Director for Ecosystems
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“Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity” (Paine 1966) is the most-cited empirical article published in the American Naturalist. In short, Paine removed predatory sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) from the rocky intertidal and watched the key prey species, mussels (Mytilus californianus), crowd out seven subordinate primary space-holding species. However, because these mussels are a foundational species, they provide three-dimensional habitat for over 300 associated species inhabiting the mussel beds; thus, removing sea stars significantly increases community-wide diversity. In any case, most ecologists cite Paine (1966) to support a statement that predators increase diversity by interfering with competition. Although detractors remained skeptical of top-down effects and keystone concepts, the paradigm that predation increases diversity spread. By 1991, “Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity” was considered a classic ecological paper, and after 50 years it continues to influence ecological theory and conservation biology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Salem, MA","doi":"10.1086/688045","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Suchanek, T., 2016, Revisiting Paine’s 1966 sea star removal experiment, the most-cited empirical article in the American Naturalist: American Naturalist, v. 188, no. 4, p. 365-378, https://doi.org/10.1086/688045.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072282","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6ce29e4b03fd6b7d919e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suchanek, Tom tsuchanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":152285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"Tom","email":"tsuchanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}