{"pageNumber":"1086","pageRowStart":"27125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70024395,"text":"70024395 - 2002 - Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:43:45","indexId":"70024395","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parameter estimation is a powerful way to calibrate models. While head data alone are often insufficient to estimate unique parameters due to model nonuniqueness, flow‐and‐heat‐transport modeling can constrain estimation and allow simultaneous estimation of boundary fluxes and hydraulic conductivity. In this work, synthetic and field models that did not converge when head data were used did converge when head and temperature were used. Furthermore, frequency domain analyses of head and temperature data allowed selection of appropriate modeling timescales. Inflows in the Wilton, Wisconsin, wetlands could be estimated over periods such as a growing season and over periods of a few days when heads were nearly steady and groundwater temperature varied during the day. While this methodology is computationally more demanding than traditional head calibration, the results gained are unobtainable using the traditional approach. These results suggest that temperature can efficiently supplement head data in systems where accurate flux calibration targets are unavailable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR000172","usgsCitation":"Bravo, H.R., Jiang, F., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 8, p. 28-1-28-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000172.","productDescription":"Article 1153; 14 p.","startPage":"28-1","endPage":"28-14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05ae4b08c986b32a093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bravo, Hector R.","contributorId":17799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bravo","given":"Hector","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Feng","contributorId":93656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024168,"text":"70024168 - 2002 - The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (<i>Gavia immer</i>) chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T10:45:48","indexId":"70024168","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (<i>Gavia immer</i>) chicks","docAbstract":"We compared the toxicokinetics of methylmercury in captive common loon chicks during two time intervals to assess the impact of feather growth on the kinetics of mercury. We also determined the oral bioavailability of methylmercury during these trials to test for age-related changes. The blood concentration-time curves for individuals dosed during feather development (initiated 35 days post hatch) were best described by a one-compartment toxicokinetic model with an elimination half-life of 3 days. The data for birds dosed following completion of feather growth (84 days post hatch) were best fitted by a two-compartment elimination model that includes an initial rapid distribution phase with a half-life of 0.9 days, followed by a slow elimination phase with a half-life of 116 days. We determined the oral bioavailability of methylmercury during the first dosing interval by comparing the ratios of the area under the blood concentration-time curves (AUC<sub>0&rarr;&infin;</sub>) for orally and intravenously dosed chicks. The oral bioavailability of methylmercury during the first dosing period was 0.83. We also determined bioavailability during both dosing periods using a second measure because of irregularities with intravenous results in the second period. This second bioavailability measure estimated the percentage of the dose that was deposited in the blood volume (f), and the results show that there was no difference in bioavailability among dosing periods. The results of this study highlight the importance of feather growth on the toxicokinetics of methylmercury.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00140-X","issn":"10956433","usgsCitation":"Fournier, F., Karasov, W.H., Kenow, K., Meyer, M., and Hines, R.K., 2002, The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (<i>Gavia immer</i>) chicks: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 133, no. 3, p. 703-714, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00140-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae59e4b08c986b324022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, F.","contributorId":57001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M.W.","contributorId":38094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1008273,"text":"1008273 - 2002 - Western Sandpipers (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) during the non-breeding season: Spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:39:42","indexId":"1008273","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western Sandpipers (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) during the non-breeding season: Spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale","docAbstract":"<p><span>The nonbreeding distribution of Western Sandpipers (</span><i>Calidris mauri</i><span>) was documented using 19 data sets from 13 sites along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. Western Sandpipers showed latitudinal segregation with regard to sex and age. Females wintered farther south than males. A “U” shaped pattern was found with respect to age, with juveniles occurring at higher proportions at both the northern and southern ends of the range. Distribution of sexes might be affected by differences in bill length and a latitudinal trend in depth distribution of prey. For age class distribution, two different life-history tactics of juveniles might exist that are related to the higher cost of feather wear for juveniles compared to adults. Most juveniles complete three long-distance migrations on one set of flight feathers whereas adults complete two. Juveniles may winter either far north, thereby reducing feather wear induced by ultraviolet light, migration, or both, or far south and spend the summer on the nonbreeding area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0922:WSCMDT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nebel, S., Lank, D.B., O'Hara, P., Fernandez, G., Haase, B., Delgado, F., Estela, F.A., Evans Ogden, L.J., Harrington, B.A., Kus, B., Lyons, J., Mercier, F., Ortego, B., Takekawa, J.Y., Warnock, N., and Warnock, S.E., 2002, Western Sandpipers (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) during the non-breeding season: Spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale: The Auk, v. 119, no. 4, p. 922-928, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0922:WSCMDT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"922","endPage":"928","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0922:wscmdt]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nebel, Silke","contributorId":174986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nebel","given":"Silke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lank, David B.","contributorId":42533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lank","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":29801,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Hara, Patrick D.","contributorId":174987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Patrick D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Guillermo","contributorId":174988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, Ben","contributorId":99907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delgado, Francisco","contributorId":174989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delgado","given":"Francisco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estela, Felipe A.","contributorId":174990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estela","given":"Felipe","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evans Ogden, Lesley J.","contributorId":174991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans Ogden","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mercier, Francine","contributorId":174992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mercier","given":"Francine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ortego, Brent","contributorId":99060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortego","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Warnock, Sarah E.","contributorId":174903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":1001695,"text":"1001695 - 2002 - Using an electronic compass to determine telemetry azimuths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:49:16","indexId":"1001695","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using an electronic compass to determine telemetry azimuths","docAbstract":"Researchers typically collect azimuths from known locations to estimate locations of radiomarked animals. Mobile, vehicle-mounted telemetry receiving systems frequently are used to gather azimuth data. Use of mobile systems typically involves estimating the vehicle's orientation to grid north (vehicle azimuth), recording an azimuth to the transmitter relative to the vehicle azimuth from a fixed rosette around the antenna mast (relative azimuth), and subsequently calculating an azimuth to the transmitter (animal azimuth). We incorporated electronic compasses into standard null-peak antenna systems by mounting the compass sensors atop the antenna masts and evaluated the precision of this configuration. This system increased efficiency by eliminating vehicle orientation and calculations to determine animal azimuths and produced estimates of precision (azimuth SD=2.6 deg., SE=0.16 deg.) similar to systems that required orienting the mobile system to grid north. Using an electronic compass increased efficiency without sacrificing precision and should produce more accurate estimates of locations when marked animals are moving or when vehicle orientation is problematic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., Scalf, J., Jamison, B., and Lutz, R., 2002, Using an electronic compass to determine telemetry azimuths: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1039-1043.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scalf, J.D.","contributorId":82255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scalf","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamison, B.E.","contributorId":102831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, R.S.","contributorId":40156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023914,"text":"70023914 - 2002 - Cement manufacture and the environment - Part I: Chemistry and technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023914","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2351,"text":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cement manufacture and the environment - Part I: Chemistry and technology","docAbstract":"Hydraulic (chiefly portland) cement is the binding agent in concrete and mortar and thus a key component of a country's construction sector. Concrete is arguably the most abundant of all manufactured solid materials. Portland cement is made primarily from finely ground clinker, which itself is composed dominantly of hydraulically active calcium silicate minerals formed through high-temperature burning of limestone and other materials in a kiln. This process requires approximately 1.7 tons of raw materials perton of clinker produced and yields about 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, of which calcination of limestone and the combustion of fuels each contribute about half. The overall level of CO2 output makes the cement industry one of the top two manufacturing industry sources of greenhouse gases; however, in many countries, the cement industry's contribution is a small fraction of that from fossil fuel combustion by power plants and motor vehicles. The nature of clinker and the enormous heat requirements of its manufacture allow the cement industry to consume a wide variety of waste raw materials and fuels, thus providing the opportunity to apply key concepts of industrial ecology, most notably the closing of loops through the use of by-products of other industries (industrial symbiosis). In this article, the chemistry and technology of cement manufacture are summarized. In a forthcoming companion article (part II), some of the environmental challenges and opportunities facing the cement industry are described. Because of the size and scope of the U.S. cement industry, the analysis relies primarily on data and practices from the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1162/108819802320971650","issn":"10881980","usgsCitation":"Van Oss, H., and Padovani, A., 2002, Cement manufacture and the environment - Part I: Chemistry and technology: Journal of Industrial Ecology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1162/108819802320971650.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/108819802320971650"},{"id":232089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3dbe4b0c8380cd4b9e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oss, H. G.","contributorId":84581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oss","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Padovani, A.C.","contributorId":53150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padovani","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85938,"text":"85938 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"85938","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3A","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70187856,"text":"70187856 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70187856","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3B","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70187857,"text":"70187857 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats","indexId":"70187857","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3C","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70187859,"text":"70187859 - 2002 - Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints","indexId":"70187859","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:03:58","indexId":"70188451","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>The 1989 spill of some 42 million L of crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, represents not only the largest tanker spill in United States history, but the world’s largest spill in northern waters. Acute effects have been studied extensively. However, efforts to quantify the spill’s long-term chronic effects and develop defensible restoration measures have been plagued by varying levels of scientific uncertainty. That such uncertainty exists is not unexpected. The spill occurred in Prince William Sound’s highly variable physical setting typified by its complex oceanography and fjord-like geomorphology. Additionally, uncertainty was driven by the scarcity of precise pre-spill population estimates and spotty life-history information for most species. The research reported herein in, structured in eight primary papers and 27 supporting papers (appendices), documents the state of recovery and assessments of continuing constraints to population recovery for four vertebrate predators (sea otter <i>Enhydra lutris</i>, harlequin duck <i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>, river otter <i>Lontra canadensis</i>, and pigeon guillemot <i>Cepphus</i> <i>columba</i>) whose recovery status remained uncertain some 5 years after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill. These species are used in a collective weight of evidence approach to better understand the process of coastal community recovery. Each species is examined for the strength of information it brings in health, population, and trophic metrics to support or reject the hypothesis of continuing oil effects in the nearshore system versus the alternatives that food constraints or demographic bottlenecks limit these focal species. While data for individual species contain various levels of uncertainty, scientific confidence is developed in the following picture when examined across species, metric, and hypothesis: Within the nearshore coastal environment, sporadic releases of residual oil are occurring, and benthic species, primarily invertebrates, are being exposed in a temporally and spatially patchy manner sufficient to transport oil up through the food chain. Thus, for the two invertebrate-feeders, sea otter and harlequin duck, evidence exists over several lines of investigation to suggest that local-scale populations continue to be constrained not by food availability or natural demographic processes, but by increased levels of mortality coincident with continued exposure to residual oil. Conversely, weight of evidence suggests that only limited direct oil-related effects are being transferred through the fish trophic pathway. Sufficient evidence suggests recovery is occurring in river otter populations, while the lack of recovery in pigeon guillemot may be attributed to food limitations (both natural and indirectly related to the spill) and/or slow demographic response to initial acute mortalities. Individual lines of investigation often contained uncertainty, but the collective weight of evidence presented in this multipaper volume indicates lack of full recovery of the nearshore ecosystem from the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill nearly a decade following the event. Integrated, multispecies approaches can allow sufficient weight of evidence to develop despite inherent system variability or data limitations and, thus, facilitate both better societal understanding of such pollution events and development of appropriate restoration responses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"2002, Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, v. 1, 1095 p.","productDescription":"1095 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=630"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.7279052734375,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.7279052734375,\n              60.98376689595989\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              60.98376689595989\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              59.72594656451894\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","publicComments":"Final Report: <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Restoration Project 99025 (Volume 1)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e3c99e4b0764e6c61b832","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025114,"text":"70025114 - 2002 - Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025114","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is developing a directional borehole radar (DBOR) tool for mapping fractures, lithologic changes, and underground utility and void detection. An important part of the development of the DBOR tool is data analysis and visualization, with the aim of making the software graphical user interface (GUI) intuitive and easy to use. The DBOR software system consists of a suite of signal and image processing routines written in Research Systems' Interactive Data Language (IDL). The software also serves as a front-end to many widely accepted Colorado School of Mines Center for Wave Phenomena (CWP) Seismic UNIX (SU) algorithms (Cohen and Stockwell, 2001). Although the SU collection runs natively in a UNIX environment, our system seamlessly emulates a UNIX session within a widely used PC operating system (MicroSoft Windows) using GNU tools (Noer, 1998). Examples are presented of laboratory data acquired with the prototype tool from two different experimental settings. The first experiment imaged plastic pipes in a macro-scale sand tank. The second experiment monitored the progress of an invasion front resulting from oil injection. Finally, challenges to further development and planned future work are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462230","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Brown, P., 2002, Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4758, Santa Barbara, CA, 29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462230.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462230"},{"id":235721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4758","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e703e4b0c8380cd477c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.V.G.","contributorId":57249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, P.J. II 0000-0002-2415-7462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-7462","contributorId":83723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"P.J.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024016,"text":"70024016 - 2002 - Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T16:24:25.192756","indexId":"70024016","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions","docAbstract":"There are systematic differences in the attenuation of damaging earthquake ground motions between different stable continental regions (SCRs). Seismic intensity and weak-motion data show that the attenuation in seismic waves for eastern North America (ENA) is less than for India, Africa, Australia, and northwest Europe. If ENA ground-motion attenuation relations are used in seismic hazard models for other SCRs, as is commonly done, then the estimated ground motions and resulting hazard may be too large. If an attenuation model that averages observations from ENA and the other SCRs is used to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes in ENA, as is the case for recent estimates of M for the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Missouri and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina events, then the magnitude estimates for these events will be too large, as will be the resulting hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002GL015457","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., and McGarr, A., 2002, Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 23, p. 36-1-36-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015457.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"36-1","endPage":"36-4","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015457","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ece4b0c8380cd4f9c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024858,"text":"70024858 - 2002 - Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T16:56:14.513477","indexId":"70024858","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Western Willets (<i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus</i>) were banded (n = 146 breeding adults and chicks) and radio-marked (n = 68 adults) at three western Great Basin wetland complexes to determine inter- and intraseasonal space use and movement patterns (primarily in 1998 and 1999). Birds were then tracked to overwintering sites where migratory connectivity and local movements were documented. Willets arrived synchronously at breeding sites during mid-April and spent less than 12 weeks in the Great Basin. There were no movements to other sites in the Great Basin during the breeding or postbreeding season. However, most breeding birds moved locally on a daily basis from upland nest sites to wetland foraging sites. The mean distance breeding birds were detected from nests did not differ between sexes or between members of a pair, although these distances were greater among postbreeding than breeding birds. Home-range estimates did not differ significantly between paired males and females during breeding or postbreeding. However, female home ranges were larger following breeding than during breeding. Shortly after chicks fledged, adult Willets left the Great Basin for locations primarily at coastal and estuarine sites in the San Francisco Bay area. Limited data revealed little among-site movements once Willets arrived at the coast, and birds appeared to be site faithful in subsequent winters. Winter sites of western Great Basin Willets differed from those used by birds from other areas in the subspecies' range, suggesting another subspecies or distinct population segment may exist. This study illustrates the importance of understanding movements and space use throughout the annual cycle in conservation planning.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.3.620","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Oring, L., Sanzenbacher, P., and Taft, O., 2002, Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin: Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 620-630, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.620.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"630","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.88232421875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1904296875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1904296875,\n              42.956422511073335\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88232421875,\n              42.956422511073335\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88232421875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9409e4b08c986b31a815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzenbacher, P.M.","contributorId":29553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzenbacher","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taft, O.W.","contributorId":45435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024337,"text":"70024337 - 2002 - Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:41:29.284363","indexId":"70024337","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relationship between small-magnitude seismicity and large-scale crustal faulting along the Hayward Fault, California, is investigated using a double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm. We used the DD method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations of the seismicity that occurred between 1967 and 1998. The DD technique incorporates catalog travel time data and relative&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;wave arrival time measurements from waveform cross correlation to solve for the hypocentral separation between events. The relocated seismicity reveals a narrow, near-vertical fault zone at most locations. This zone follows the Hayward Fault along its northern half and then diverges from it to the east near San Leandro, forming the Mission trend. The relocated seismicity is consistent with the idea that slip from the Calaveras Fault is transferred over the Mission trend onto the northern Hayward Fault. The Mission trend is not clearly associated with any mapped active fault as it continues to the south and joins the Calaveras Fault at Calaveras Reservoir. In some locations, discrete structures adjacent to the main trace are seen, features that were previously hidden in the uncertainty of the network locations. The fine structure of the seismicity suggests that the fault surface on the northern Hayward Fault is curved or that the events occur on several substructures. Near San Leandro, where the more westerly striking trend of the Mission seismicity intersects with the surface trace of the (aseismic) southern Hayward Fault, the seismicity remains diffuse after relocation, with strong variation in focal mechanisms between adjacent events indicating a highly fractured zone of deformation. The seismicity is highly organized in space, especially on the northern Hayward Fault, where it forms horizontal, slip-parallel streaks of hypocenters of only a few tens of meters width, bounded by areas almost absent of seismic activity. During the interval from 1984 to 1998, when digital waveforms are available, we find that fewer than 6.5% of the earthquakes can be classified as repeating earthquakes, events that rupture the same fault patch more than one time. These most commonly are located in the shallow creeping part of the fault, or within the streaks at greater depth. The slow repeat rate of 2–3 times within the 15-year observation period for events with magnitudes around&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 1.5 is indicative of a low slip rate or a high stress drop. The absence of microearthquakes over large, contiguous areas of the northern Hayward Fault plane in the depth interval from ∼5 to 10 km and the concentrations of seismicity at these depths suggest that the aseismic regions are either locked or retarded and are storing strain energy for release in future large-magnitude earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB000084","usgsCitation":"Waldhause, F., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2002, Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B3, p. ESE 3-1-ESE 3-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000084.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"ESE 3-1","endPage":"ESE 3-15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8xd0zr0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.56372070312499,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              38.8824811975508\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.70629882812499,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56372070312499,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ce4b0c8380cd5378d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldhause, Felix","contributorId":50822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhause","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016373,"text":"1016373 - 2002 - Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:17:48","indexId":"1016373","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>Shorebirds are among the most highly migratory creatures on earth. Both the study of their ecology and ongoing efforts to conserve their populations must reflect this central aspect of their biology. Many species of shorebirds use migration and staging sites scattered throughout the hemisphere to complete their annual migrations between breeding areas and nonbreeding habitats (Morrison 1984). The vast distances between habitats they use pose significant challenges for studying their migration ecology. At the same time, the large number of political boundaries shorebirds cross during their epic migrations create parallel challenges for organizations working on their management and conservation.</p><p>Nebel et al. (2002) represent a collaborative effort to understand the conservation implications of Western Sandpiper (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) migration ecology on a scale worthy of this highly migratory species. The data sets involved in the analysis come from four U.S. states, two Canadian provinces, and a total of five nations. Only by collaborating on this historic scale were the authors able to assemble the information necessary to understand important aspects of the migration ecology of this species, and the implications for conservation of the patterns they discovered.</p><p>Collaborative approaches to shorebird migration ecology developed slowly over several decades. The same period also saw the creation of large-scale efforts to monitor and conserve shorebirds. This overview first traces the history of the study of migration ecology of shorebirds during that fertile period, and then describes the monitoring and protection efforts that have been developed in an attempt to address the enormous issues of scale posed by shorebird migration ecology and conservation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0914:CATTEO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrington, B.A., Brown, S., Corven, J., and Bart, J., 2002, Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds: The Auk, v. 119, no. 4, p. 914-921, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0914:CATTEO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"914","endPage":"921","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282002%29119%5B0914%3ACATTEO%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S.","contributorId":80620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corven, James","contributorId":35275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corven","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016324,"text":"1016324 - 2002 - Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:24:44","indexId":"1016324","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated statewide, regional, and national trends in counts of Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) along selected routes in the contiguous United States during midwinter, 1986-2000. Each January, several hundred observers collected data as part of a survey initiated by the National Wildlife Federation in 1979. To analyze these data, we used only those routes surveyed consistently in at least four years and on which at least four eagles were counted in a single year. We included surveys conducted during fog or precipitaion after determining that changes in weather conditions probably did not affect trend estimates. Our final analysis, using a hierarchical mixed model, was based on 101,777 eagle sightings during 5,180 surveys of 563 routes in 42 states. In the model, fixed effects were year, region, and route-length category; the random effect was the route itself. Model-based estimates of Bald Eagle counts throughout the U.S. increased 1.9% yr<sup>-1</sup>, but trend estimates varied by region. Estimated trends were statistically significant, and positive, in the northeastern U.S. (6.1% yr<sup>-1</sup>), but were not significant in other regions. The proportion of increasing counts was higher north of 40&deg; N and east of 100&deg; W. Trends in numbers of adults and immatures showed similar geographic patterns, but counts of adults increased at a higher rate. Overall, trends were more similar to those identified by the Christmas Bird Count than the Breeding Bird Survey. In spite of limitations, the survey is a cost-effective way to monitor wintering eagles in the lower 48 states. We discuss estimated trends in the context of increased urbanization, changed weather, and recovery from pesticide pollution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Bird Populations","publisherLocation":"Point Reyes Station, CA","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bond, L., Bates, K.K., and Leppert, L.L., 2002, Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000: Bird Populations, v. 6, p. 21-32.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n   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,{"id":70024963,"text":"70024963 - 2002 - Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:46:50","indexId":"70024963","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"Permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) are analytically noninterfering organic compounds with moderate to high fugacity from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) that are added to the lipid prior to membrane enclosure. Assuming that isotropic exchange kinetics (IEK) apply and that SPMD-water partition coefficients are known, measurement of PRC dissipation rate constants during SPMD field exposures and laboratory calibration studies permits the calculation of an exposure adjustment factor (EAF). In theory, PRC-derived EAF ratios reflect changes in SPMD sampling rates (relative to laboratory data) due to differences in exposure temperature, membrane biofouling, and flow velocity-turbulence at the membrane surface. Thus, the PRC approach should allow for more accurate estimates of target solute/vapor concentrations in an exposure medium. Under some exposure conditions, the impact of environmental variables on SPMD sampling rates may approach an order of magnitude. The results of this study suggest that most of the effects of temperature, facial velocity-turbulence, and biofouling on the uptake rates of analytes with a wide range of hydrophobicities can be deduced from PRCs with a much narrower range of hydrophobicities. Finally, our findings indicate that the use of PRCs permits prediction of in situ SPMD sampling rates within 2-fold of directly measured values.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es010991w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J., Almeida, F., Booij, K., Alvarez, D., Cranor, W., Clark, R., and Mogensen, B., 2002, Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 85-91, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010991w.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010991w"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Almeida, F.V.","contributorId":21325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almeida","given":"F.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Booij, K.","contributorId":11065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booij","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R.C.","contributorId":49952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mogensen, B.B.","contributorId":31179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogensen","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70024946,"text":"70024946 - 2002 - Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:27:30","indexId":"70024946","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Reactive transport simulations were conducted to model chemical reactions between metal−EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) complexes during transport in a mildly acidic quartz−sand aquifer. Simulations were compared with the results of small-scale tracer tests wherein nickel−, zinc−, and calcium−EDTA complexes and free EDTA were injected into three distinct chemical zones of a plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater. One zone had a large mass of adsorbed, sewage-derived zinc; one zone had a large mass of adsorbed manganese resulting from mildly reducing conditions created by the sewage plume; and one zone had significantly less adsorbed manganese and negligible zinc background. The chemical model assumed that the dissolution of iron(III) from metal−hydroxypolymer coatings on the aquifer sediments by the metal−EDTA complexes was kinetically restricted. All other reactions, including metal−EDTA complexation, zinc and manganese adsorption, and aluminum hydroxide dissolution were assumed to reach equilibrium on the time scale of transport; equilibrium constants were either taken from the literature or determined independently in the laboratory. A single iron(III) dissolution rate constant was used to fit the breakthrough curves observed in the zone with negligible zinc background. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental data in all three zones, which included temporal moments derived from breakthrough curves at different distances downgradient from the injections and spatial moments calculated from synoptic samplings conducted at different times. Results show that the tracer cloud was near equilibrium with respect to Fe in the sediment after 11 m of transport in the Zn-contaminated region but remained far from equilibrium in the other two zones. Sensitivity studies showed that the relative rate of iron(III) dissolution by the different metal−EDTA complexes was less important than the fact that these reactions are rate controlled. Results suggest that the published solubility for ferrihydrite reasonably approximates the Fe solubility of the hydroxypolymer coatings on the sediments. Aluminum may be somewhat more soluble than represented by the equilibrium constant for gibbsite, and its dissolution may be rate controlled when reacting with Ca−EDTA complexes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010926m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Friedly, J., Kent, D., and Davis, J., 2002, Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 355-363, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010926m.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010926m"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90ade4b08c986b319628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedly, J.C.","contributorId":62796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedly","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024756,"text":"70024756 - 2002 - Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024756","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We analyze the source properties of a sequence of triggered earthquakes that occurred near the Salton Sea in southern California in the immediate aftermath of the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake of 16 October 1999. The sequence produced a number of early events that were not initially located by the regional network, including two moderate earthquakes: the first within 30 sec of the P-wave arrival and a second approximately 10 minutes after the mainshock. We use available amplitude and waveform data from these events to estimate magnitudes to be approximately 4.7 and 4.4, respectively, and to obtain crude estimates of their locations. The sequence of small events following the initial M 4.7 earthquake is clustered and suggestive of a local aftershock sequence. Using both broadband TriNet data and analog data from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), we also investigate the spectral characteristics of the M 4.4 event and other triggered earthquakes using empirical Green's function (EGF) analysis. We find that the source spectra of the events are consistent with expectations for tectonic (brittle shear failure) earthquakes, and infer stress drop values of 0.1 to 6 MPa for six M 2.1 to M 4.4 events. The estimated stress drop values are within the range observed for tectonic earthquakes elsewhere. They are relatively low compared to typically observed stress drop values, which is consistent with expectations for faulting in an extensional, high heat flow regime. The results therefore suggest that, at least in this case, triggered earthquakes are associated with a brittle shear failure mechanism. This further suggests that triggered earthquakes may tend to occur in geothermal-volcanic regions because shear failure occurs at, and can be triggered by, relatively low stresses in extensional regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000910","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Kanamori, H., 2002, Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1281-1289, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000910.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478724,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140115-154238987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000910"},{"id":233208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b933be4b08c986b31a3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024936,"text":"70024936 - 2002 - Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:18:20","indexId":"70024936","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, u i , provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in u i We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in u i . These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for u i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) u i ' is the appropriate estimator.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108872","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2002, Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ec1e4b0c8380cd63fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024812,"text":"70024812 - 2002 - Empirical evidence for site coefficients in building code provisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024812","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evidence for site coefficients in building code provisions","docAbstract":"Site-response coefficients, Fa and Fv, used in U.S. building code provisions are based on empirical data for motions up to 0.1 g. For larger motions they are based on theoretical and laboratory results. The Northridge earthquake of 17 January 1994 provided a significant new set of empirical data up to 0.5 g. These data together with recent site characterizations based on shear-wave velocity measurements provide empirical estimates of the site coefficients at base accelerations up to 0.5 g for Site Classes C and D. These empirical estimates of Fa and Fnu; as well as their decrease with increasing base acceleration level are consistent at the 95 percent confidence level with those in present building code provisions, with the exception of estimates for Fa at levels of 0.1 and 0.2 g, which are less than the lower confidence bound by amounts up to 13 percent. The site-coefficient estimates are consistent at the 95 percent confidence level with those of several other investigators for base accelerations greater than 0.3 g. These consistencies and present code procedures indicate that changes in the site coefficients are not warranted. Empirical results for base accelerations greater than 0.2 g confirm the need for both a short- and a mid- or long-period site coefficient to characterize site response for purposes of estimating site-specific design spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1486243","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., 2002, Empirical evidence for site coefficients in building code provisions: Earthquake Spectra, v. 18, no. 2, p. 189-217, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1486243.","startPage":"189","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1486243"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a090ae4b0c8380cd51d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024830,"text":"70024830 - 2002 - Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024830","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle","docAbstract":"1. Demographic data from both breeding and non-breeding periods are needed to manage populations of migratory birds, many of which are declining in abundance and are of conservation concern. Although habitat associations, and to a lesser extent, reproductive biology, are known for many migratory species, few studies have measured survival rates of these birds at different parts of their annual cycle. 2. Cormack-Jolly-Seber models and Akaike's information criterion model selection were used to investigate seasonal variation in survival of a Nearctic - Neotropical migrant songbird, the black-throated blue warbler, Dendroica caerulescens. Seasonal and annual survival were estimated from resightings of colour-ringed individuals on breeding grounds in New Hampshire, USA from 1986 to 2000 and on winter quarters in Jamaica, West Indies from 1986 to 1999. Warblers were studied each year during the May-August breeding period in New Hampshire and during the October-March overwinter period in Jamaica. 3. In New Hampshire, males had higher annual survival (0.51 ?? 0.03) and recapture probabilities (0.93 ?? 0.03) than did females (survival: 0.40 ?? 0.04; recapture: 0.87 ?? 0.06). In Jamaica, annual survival (0.43 ?? 0.03) and recapture (0.95 ?? 0.04) probabilities did not differ between sexes. Annual survival and recapture probabilities of young birds (i.e. yearlings in New Hampshire and hatch-year birds in Jamaica) did not differ from adults, indicating that from the time hatch-year individuals acquire territories on winter quarters in mid-October, they survive as well as adults within the same habitat. 4. Monthly survival probabilities during the summer (May-August) and winter (October-March) stationary periods were high: 1.0 for males in New Hampshire, and 0.99 ?? 0.01 for males in Jamaica and for females in both locations. 5. These annual and seasonal survival estimates were used to calculate warbler survival for the migratory periods. Monthly survival probability during migration ranged from 0.77 to 0.81 ?? 0.02. Thus, apparent mortality rates were at least 15 times higher during migration compared to that in the stationary periods, and more than 85% of apparent annual mortality of D. caerulescens occurred during migration. 6. Additional data from multiple species, especially measures of habitat-specific demography and dispersal, will improve our understanding of the relative impacts of the breeding, migratory, and winter periods on population dynamics of migratory birds and thus enhance future conservation efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Scott, S.T., and Holmes, R.T., 2002, Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 296-308, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x.","startPage":"296","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x"},{"id":233178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc166e4b08c986b32a55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Sillett T.","contributorId":30003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Sillett","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024419,"text":"70024419 - 2002 - Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70024419","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","docAbstract":"Skewness of environmental data is often caused by more than simply a handful of outliers in an otherwise normal distribution. Statistical procedures for such datasets must be sufficiently robust to deal with distributions that are strongly non-normal, containing both a large proportion of outliers and a skewed main body of data. In the field of water quality, skewness is commonly associated with large variation over short distances. Spatial analysis of such data generally requires either considerable effort at modeling or the use of robust procedures not strongly affected by skewness and local variability. Using a skewed dataset of 675 nitrate measurements in ground water, commonly used methods for defining a surface (least-squares regression and kriging) are compared to a more robust method (loess). Three choices are critical in defining a surface: (i) is the surface to be a central mean or median surface? (ii) is either a well-fitting transformation or a robust and scale-independent measure of center used? (iii) does local spatial autocorrelation assist in or detract from addressing objectives? Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmetrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/env.531","issn":"11804009","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Ryker, S., 2002, Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data: Environmetrics, v. 13, no. 5-6, p. 445-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531.","startPage":"445","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478770,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.531"},{"id":231544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe39e4b0c8380cd4ebdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryker, S.J.","contributorId":16047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195469,"text":"70195469 - 2002 - Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T11:20:15","indexId":"70195469","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Several areas in the Gulf Coast have potential for coalbed gas accumulations. These areas include parts of southern Alabama and Mississippi, north-central Louisiana, northeast, east-central and south Texas and northeastern Mexico. The coal deposits in these areas vary in rank, thickness, lateral extent and gas content, and range in age from Late Cretaceous to Eocene.</p><p>Gas desorption tests conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on shallow (2,000 ft [609 m]) Paleocene (Wilcox-Midway Groups) coals of southeastern Mississippi indicate that the coalbeds contain some methane. Measured gas contents range from 0 to 19 scf/ton (0.19 to 0.59 cc/g; dry, ash-free) and average about 15 scf/ton (0.5 cc/g). These coals have apparent ranks of lignite to subbituminous (vitrinite reflectance of 0.3 to 0.4% R<sub>omax</sub>) at shallow depths and subbituminous to bituminous (0.5 to 0.6% R<sub>omax</sub>) in the deeper parts of the basin. Adsorption isotherm data indicate that Wilcox Group coals are undersaturated and have methane gas-storage capacities similar to those of the subbituminous coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming. In the primary areas where Wilcox Group coalbeds are mined and subsurface data are available, net coal thickness ranges from about 10 to 50 ft (3 to 15 m), which is much less than coal thickness in the Powder River basin, which can be 300 ft (91 m).</p><p>Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene coals of south Texas and northeastern Mexico are subbituminous to bituminous rank (up to 0.6% R<sub>omax</sub>). Some methane has been produced commercially from thin coal beds (13 ft [4 m] net) and associated sandstone at shallow depths (</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coalbed Methane of North America II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Barker, C., and SanFilipo, J., 2002, Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico, chap. <i>of</i> Coalbed Methane of North America II, p. 99-107.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rmag/CBM2/warwick.htm"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0ba0e4b0da30c1bfcfab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwochow, S.D.","contributorId":191926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwochow","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, V. F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024463,"text":"70024463 - 2002 - Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:00","indexId":"70024463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","docAbstract":"Strong inference is a powerful and rapid tool that can be used to identify and explain patterns in molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. It is effective where causes are single and separable and where discrimination between pairwise alternative hypotheses can be determined experimentally by a simple yes or no answer. But causes in ecological systems are multiple and overlapping and are not entirely separable. Frequently, competing hypotheses cannot be distinguished by a single unambiguous test, but only by a suite of tests of different kinds, that produce a body of evidence to support one line of argument and not others. We call this process \"adaptive inference\". Instead of pitting each member of a pair of hypotheses against each other, adaptive inference relies on the exuberant invention of multiple, competing hypotheses, after which carefully structured comparative data are used to explore the logical consequences of each. Herein we present an example that demonstrates the attributes of adaptive inference that have developed out of a 30-year study of the resilience of ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2","usgsCitation":"Holling, C.S., and Allen, C.R., 2002, Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 4, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holling, Crawford S.","contributorId":20511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holling","given":"Crawford","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024853,"text":"70024853 - 2002 - Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024853","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","docAbstract":"Site-specific amplification factors, Fa and Fv, used in current U.S. building codes decrease with increasing base acceleration level as implied by the Loma Prieta earthquake at 0.1g and extrapolated using numerical models and laboratory results. The Northridge earthquake recordings of 17 January 1994 and subsequent geotechnical data permit empirical estimates of amplification at base acceleration levels up to 0.5g. Distance measures and normalization procedures used to infer amplification ratios from soil-rock pairs in predetermined azimuth-distance bins significantly influence the dependence of amplification estimates on base acceleration. Factors inferred using a hypocentral distance norm do not show a statistically significant dependence on base acceleration. Factors inferred using norms implied by the attenuation functions of Abrahamson and Silva show a statistically significant decrease with increasing base acceleration. The decrease is statistically more significant for stiff clay and sandy soil (site class D) sites than for stiffer sites underlain by gravely soils and soft rock (site class C). The decrease in amplification with increasing base acceleration is more pronounced for the short-period amplification factor, Fa, than for the midperiod factor, Fv.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010170","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., 2002, Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 2, p. 761-782, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010170.","startPage":"761","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010170"},{"id":233035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0909e4b0c8380cd51d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024602,"text":"70024602 - 2002 - Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","docAbstract":"Recent field tests illustrate the accuracy and consistency of calculating near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). S-wave velocity profiles (S-wave velocity vs. depth) derived from MASW compared favorably to direct borehole measurements at sites in Kansas, British Columbia, and Wyoming. Effects of changing the total number of recording channels, sampling interval, source offset, and receiver spacing on the inverted S-wave velocity were studied at a test site in Lawrence, Kansas. On the average, the difference between MASW calculated Vs and borehole measured Vs in eight wells along the Fraser River in Vancouver, Canada was less than 15%. One of the eight wells was a blind test well with the calculated overall difference between MASW and borehole measurements less than 9%. No systematic differences were observed in derived Vs values from any of the eight test sites. Surface wave analysis performed on surface data from Wyoming provided S-wave velocities in near-surface materials. Velocity profiles from MASW were confirmed by measurements based on suspension log analysis. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Park, C., Hunter, J., Harris, J.B., and Ivanov, J., 2002, Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8"},{"id":232983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024609,"text":"70024609 - 2002 - Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T15:56:36.477759","indexId":"70024609","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrient loading is a subtle, yet serious threat to the preservation of high diversity wetlands such as peatlands. Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a small peatland in New York State, USA were determined by collecting and analyzing a suite of hydrogeological, hydro-chemical, soil, and vegetation data. Piezometer clusters within an intensive network constituted hydro-chemical sampling points and focal points for randomly selected vegetation quadrats and soil-coring locations. Hydrogeological data and nutrient analyses showed that P and K loading occurred chiefly by means of overland flow from an adjacent farm field, whereas N loading occurred predominantly through ground-water flow from the farm field. Redundancy analysis and polynomial regression showed that nutrients, particularly total P in peat, total K in peat, extractable NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>-N, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N flux in ground water, were strongly negatively correlated with plant diversity measures at the site. No other environmental variables except vegetation measures associated with eutrophication demonstrated such a strong relationship with plant diversity. Nitrate loading over 4 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;was associated with low plant diversity, and Ca fluxes between 80 and 130 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;were associated with high plant diversity. Areas in the site with particularly low vascular plant and bryophyte species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H′) occurred adjacent to the farm field and near a hillside spring. High H′ and species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes occurred in areas that were further removed from agriculture, contained no highly dominant vegetation, and were situated directly along the ground-water flow paths of springs. These areas were characterized by relatively constant water levels and consistent, yet moderate fluxes of base cations and nutrients. Overall, this study demonstrates that knowledge of site hydrogeology is crucial for determining potential pathways of nutrient loading and for developing relationships between nutrient inflows and wetland plant diversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., and Bedford, B.L., 2002, Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 2, p. 263-281, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"McLean Preserve Fen","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75afe4b0c8380cd77ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, B. L.","contributorId":41996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedford","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024616,"text":"70024616 - 2002 - Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:14:37","indexId":"70024616","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Seattle fault, a large, seismically active, east-west-striking fault zone under Seattle, is the best-studied fault within the tectonically active Puget Lowland in western Washington, yet its subsurface geometry and evolution are not well constrained. We combine several analysis and modeling approaches to study the fault geometry and evolution, including depth-converted, deep-seismic-reflection images, P-wave-velocity field, gravity data, elastic modeling of shoreline uplift from a late Holocene earthquake, and kinematic fault restoration. We propose that the Seattle thrust or reverse fault is accompanied by a shallow, antithetic reverse fault that emerges south of the main fault. The wedge enclosed by the two faults is subject to an enhanced uplift, as indicated by the boxcar shape of the shoreline uplift from the last major earthquake on the fault zone. The Seattle Basin is interpreted as a flexural basin at the footwall of the Seattle fault zone. Basin stratigraphy and the regional tectonic history lead us to suggest that the Seattle fault zone initiated as a reverse fault during the middle Miocene, concurrently with changes in the regional stress field, to absorb some of the north-south shortening of the Cascadia forearc. Kingston Arch, 30 km north of the Seattle fault zone, is interpreted as a more recent disruption arising within the basin, probably due to the development of a blind reverse fault.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010229","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Molzer, P., Fisher, M.A., Blakely, R., Bucknam, R., Parsons, T., Crosson, R.S., and Creager, K.C., 2002, Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1737-1753, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1737","endPage":"1753","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d76e4b08c986b31d87c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crosson, R. S.","contributorId":104987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Creager, K. C.","contributorId":105078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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