{"pageNumber":"1087","pageRowStart":"27150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70027551,"text":"70027551 - 2004 - Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T11:59:56.860163","indexId":"70027551","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","docAbstract":"<p>The Blue Ridge escarpment is a rugged landform situated within the ancient Appalachian orogen. While similar in some respects to the great escarpments along other passive margins, which have evolved by erosion following rifting, its youthful topographic expression has inspired proposals of Cenozoic tectonic rejuvenation in eastern North America. To better understand the post-orogenic and post-rift geomorphic evolution of passive margins, we have examined the origin of this landform using low-temperature thermochronometry and manipulation of topographic indices. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track analyses along transects across the escarpment reveal a younging trend towards the coast. This pattern is consistent with other great escarpments and fits with an interpretation of having evolved by prolonged erosion, without the requirement of tectonic rejuvenation. Measured ages are also comparable specifically to those measured along other great escarpments that are as much as 100 Myr younger. This suggests that erosional mechanisms that maintain rugged escarpments in the early post-rift stages may remain active on ancient passive margins for prolonged periods. The precise erosional evolution of the escarpment is less clear, however, and several end-member models can explain the data. Our preferred model, which fits with all data, involves a significant degree of erosional escarpment retreat in the Cenozoic. Although this suggests that early onset of topographic stability is not required of passive margin evolution, more data are required to better constrain the details of the escarpment's development.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x","usgsCitation":"Spotila, J., Bank, G., Reiners, P., Naeser, C.W., Naeser, N.D., and Henika, B., 2004, Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America: Basin Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 41-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.6162109375,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.22265625,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8173828125,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.9501953125,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.6865234375,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2451171875,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.6162109375,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f7e4b0c8380cd76384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bank, G.C.","contributorId":97701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiners, P.W.","contributorId":34241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiners","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeser, N. D.","contributorId":74510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henika, B.S.","contributorId":30030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henika","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70142618,"text":"70142618 - 2004 - Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:58:45","indexId":"70142618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concerns over greenhouse‐gas forcing and global temperatures have initiated research into understanding climate forcing and associated Earth‐system responses. A significant component is the Earth's cryosphere, as glacier‐related, feedback mechanisms govern atmospheric, hydrospheric and lithospheric response. Predicting the human and natural dimensions of climate‐induced environmental change requires global, regional and local information about ice‐mass distribution, volumes, and fluctuations. The Global Land‐Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project is specifically designed to produce and augment baseline information to facilitate glacier‐change studies. This requires addressing numerous issues, including the generation of topographic information, anisotropic‐reflectance correction of satellite imagery, data fusion and spatial analysis, and GIS‐based modeling. Field and satellite investigations indicate that many small glaciers and glaciers in temperate regions are downwasting and retreating, although detailed mapping and assessment are still required to ascertain regional and global patterns of ice‐mass variations. Such remote sensing/GIS studies, coupled with field investigations, are vital for producing baseline information on glacier changes, and improving our understanding of the complex linkages between atmospheric, lithospheric, and glaciological processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106040408542307","usgsCitation":"Bishop, M.P., Olsenholler, J.A., Shroder, J., Barry, R.G., Rasup, B.H., Bush, A.B., Copland, L., Dwyer, J.L., Fountain, A.G., Haeberli, W., Kaab, A., Paul, F., Hall, D.K., Kargel, J.S., Molnia, B.F., Trabant, D.C., and Wessels, R.L., 2004, Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere: Geocarto International, v. 19, no. 2, p. 57-84, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040408542307.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec432e4b02419550debc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, Michael P.","contributorId":18674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsenholler, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":139607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsenholler","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, Roger G.","contributorId":36049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rasup, Bruce H.","contributorId":139609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasup","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, Andrew B. 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G.","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Copland, Luke","contributorId":63304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copland","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fountain, Andrew G.","contributorId":10410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Haeberli, Wilfried","contributorId":21951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haeberli","given":"Wilfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaab, Andreas","contributorId":53175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaab","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Paul, Frank","contributorId":103177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kargel, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":76601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis C.","contributorId":13965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wessels, Rick L. rwessels@usgs.gov","contributorId":566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick","email":"rwessels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":81599,"text":"81599 - 2004 - Fire as a physical process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T12:06:01.033826","indexId":"81599","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Fire as a physical process","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter explores fire as a physical process, including combustion, fuel characteristics, fuel models, fire weather, ignition sources, mechanisms for fire spread, and fire effects. In wildland fuels, combustion occurs in three phases: preheating, gaseous, and smoldering. Fuel is characterized by physical and chemical properties that affect combustion and fire behavior. Its characteristic classes are defined for a vegetation type and contain data for fuels in up to six strata representing potentially independent combustion environments. Fire weather includes air temperature, atmospheric moisture, atmospheric stability, and clouds and precipitation. Sufficient fuel, conducive weather, and an ignition are necessary ingredients for a fire. In line with this, this chapter investigates how these factors, combined with topography, cause a fire to spread. The chapter also introduces the physical parameters of fire behavior that affect fire severity, spotting, tree scorch height, plant mortality, biomass consumption, and microclimate.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in California ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0003","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., 2004, Fire as a physical process, chap. 3 <i>of</i> Fire in California ecosystems, p. 38-57, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0003.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f45ed","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sugihara, N. G.","contributorId":103613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugihara","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":112057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504363,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fites-Kaufman, J.","contributorId":42546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fites-Kaufman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504359,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, K. E.","contributorId":105254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176529,"text":"70176529 - 2004 - Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T14:42:23","indexId":"70176529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methane is an important atmospheric greenhouse gas that is emitted from many natural and anthropogenic sources. In order to evaluate the global methane budget, precise data are needed from the diverse sources including coastal wetlands. Over 100 time-series determinations of methane emissions from an oligohaline wetland (brackish marsh) in coastal Louisiana show large variability during five seasonal sampling periods. Emission by both diffusion and ebullition (bubbles) was measured, however, neither of these emission modes were strongly dependent on either water depth or temperature (except in winter). Methane emission to static collectors placed over plants (</span><i>Scirpus olneyi</i><span> and</span><i>Spartina patens</i><span>) was not significantly different from shallow open water or mud. However, considerable heterogeneity in methane emissions and processes occurs even at a single site. Thus, establishing a reasonable estimate of the overall methane emission for a particular marsh environment and season requires multiple measurements at several sites. The average emissions for April, May, July, and September ranged from 31 to 54 mg/m2/h (744–1296 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day). This can be separated into emissions from diffusion ranging from 8.3 to 20 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (18–50% of total) and emissions due to ebullition of 20–44 mg/m /h (50–82%). January emissions were much lower, amounting to 0.2 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (6 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day), mainly by diffusion with only one episode of ebullition. Extrapolating these data to annual emissions gives total annual methane emissions of 203 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr (61 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by diffusion and 142 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by ebullition).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J.S., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2004, Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana, chap. <i>of</i> Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9, v. 9, p. 389-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179817,"text":"70179817 - 2004 -  Juvenile and adult fall Chinook and chum salmon habitat studies below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Annual report 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:07:13","indexId":"70179817","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":" Juvenile and adult fall Chinook and chum salmon habitat studies below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Annual report 2002-2003","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated spatial and temporal changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing habitat and areas dewatered below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. We used two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling to predict water velocity and depth data. By combining two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling with a predictive model of subyearling rearing presence, we were able to illustrate spatiotemporal changes in subyearling rearing areas, areas dewatered by flow reductions, and percentage of dewatered locations that were initially subyearling rearing areas. By using a geographic information system, we located areas of persistent subyearling rearing and areas frequently dewatered at 1-h change intervals from 1 April through 31 May, 2003. We validated predicted water velocities and surface elevations using empirically collected water velocities and surface elevations. We beach seined to collect subyearlings at random locations within the study area to validate predictions of subyearling presence. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration ","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Garland, R., Rondorf, D., and Skalicky, J., 2004,  Juvenile and adult fall Chinook and chum salmon habitat studies below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Annual report 2002-2003, iv., 56 p. .","productDescription":"iv., 56 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.00403213500977,\n              45.63132556313632\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03733444213866,\n              45.62424286782871\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0493507385254,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09896087646484,\n              45.600227072468094\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1247100830078,\n              45.59686404046776\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14754104614258,\n              45.591338621743695\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14839935302733,\n              45.572836521464495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09054946899413,\n              45.58256890575482\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03596115112303,\n              45.60082759268619\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97811126708983,\n              45.62088127556128\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.96609497070312,\n              45.627004024977886\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97038650512697,\n              45.634926590414786\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00403213500977,\n              45.63132556313632\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d73e4b01dfadfff1567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garland, R.","contributorId":178422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garland","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.","contributorId":178346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skalicky, J.","contributorId":178425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skalicky","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015207,"text":"1015207 - 2004 - Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:02:28","indexId":"1015207","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management","docAbstract":"<p>This article links intended National Park visitation estimates to regional economic models to calculate the employment impacts of alternative bison and elk management strategies. The survey described alternative National Elk Refuge (NER) management actions and the effects on elk and bison populations at the NER and adjacent Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Park visitors were then asked if they would change their number of visits with each potential management action. Results indicate there would be a 10% decrease in visitation if bison populations were reduced from 600 to 400 animals and elk populations were reduced in GTNP and the NER. The related decrease in jobs in Teton counties of Wyoming and Idaho is estimated at 5.5%. Adopting a “no active management” option of never feeding elk and bison on the NER yields about one-third the current bison population (200 bison) and about half the elk population. Visitors surveyed about this management option would take about 20% fewer trips, resulting in an 11.3% decrease in employment. Linking intended visitation surveys and regional economic models represents a useful tool for natural resource planners who must present the consequences of potential actions in Environmental Impact Statements and plans to the public and decision makers prior to any action being implemented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871200490272151","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2004, Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 9, no. 1, p. 17-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200490272151.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012984,"text":"1012984 - 2004 - Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:01:23","indexId":"1012984","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","docAbstract":"<p>Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988-2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of active radar multiyear ice signatures. Evaluations of three learning algorithms and several topologies indicated that networks constructed with error back propagation learning and 3-20-1 topology produced the most consistent and physically plausible results. Operational neural networks were developed specifically with January learning data, and then used to estimate daily multiyear ice concentrations from daily-averaged SSM/I brightness temperatures during January. Monthly mean maps were produced for analysis by averaging the respective daily estimates. The 14-year series of January multiyear ice distributions revealed dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Estimates of total multiyear ice area by the neural network were intermediate to those of other passive microwave algorithms, but annual fluctuations and trends were similar among all algorithms. When compared to Radarsat estimates of multiyear ice concentration in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (1997-1999), average discrepancies were small (0.9-2.5%) and spatial coherency was reasonable, indicating the neural network's Okean and ERS learning data facilitated passive microwave inversion that emulated backscatter signatures. During 1988-2001, total January multiyear ice area declined at a significant linear rate of -54.3 x 10<sup>3</sup> km<sup>2</sup>/yr<sup>-1</sup> (-1.4%/yr<sup>-1</sup>). The most persistent and extensive decline in multiyear ice concentration (-3.3%/yr<sup>-1</sup>) occurred in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. In autumn 1996, a large multiyear ice recruitment of over 106 km<sup>2</sup> (mostly in the Siberian Arctic) fully replenished the previous 8-year decline in total area, but it was followed by an accelerated and compensatory decline during the subsequent 4 years. Seventy-five percent of the interannual variation in January multiyear sea ice area was explained by linear regression on two atmospheric parameters: the previous inter's (JFM) Arctic Oscillation index as a proxy to melt duration and the previous year's average sea level pressure gradient across the Fram Strait as a proxy to annual ice export. Consecutive year changes (1994-2001) in January multiyear ice volume were significantly correlated with duration of the intervening melt season (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, -80.0 km<sup>3</sup>/d<sup>-1</sup>), emphasizing a large thermodynamic influence on the Arctic's mass sea ice balance during summers with anomalous melt durations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002388","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., Alpatsky, I., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, no. C10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002388.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11255,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002388","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"109","issue":"C10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpatsky, I.V.","contributorId":6795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpatsky","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53208,"text":"ofr03449 - 2004 - Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault, Thousand Palms Oasis, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T13:54:29","indexId":"ofr03449","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-449","title":"Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault, Thousand Palms Oasis, California","docAbstract":"<p>We present photomosaics and logs of the walls of trenches excavated for a paleoseismic study at Thousand Palms Oasis (Fig. 1). The site \nis located on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone, one of two major active strands of the fault in the Indio Hills along the \nnortheast margin of the Coachella Valley (Fig. 2). The Coachella Valley section is the most poorly understood major part of the San Andreas \nfault with regard to slip rate and timing of past large-magnitude earthquakes, and therefore earthquake hazard. No large earthquakes have \noccurred for more than three centuries, the longest elapsed time for any part of the southern San Andreas fault. In spite of this, the Working \nGroup on California Earthquake Probabilities (1995) assigned the lowest 30-year conditional probability on the southern San Andreas fault \nto the Coachella Valley. Models of the behavior of this part of the fault, however, have been based on very limited geologic data. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Thousand Palms Oasis is an attractive location for paleoseismic study primarily because of the well-bedded late Holocene \nsedimentary deposits with abundant layers of organic matter for radiocarbon dating necessary to constrain the timing of large prehistoric \nearthquakes. Previous attempts to develop a chronology of paleoearthquakes for the region have been hindered by the scarcity of in-situ 14C-dateable \nmaterial for age control in this desert environment. Also, the fault in the vicinity of Thousand Palms Oasis consists of a single trace \nthat is well expressed, both geomorphically and as a vegetation lineament (Figs. 2, 3). Results of our investigations are discussed in Fumal et \nal. (2002) and indicate that four and probably five surface-rupturing earthquakes occurred along this part of the fault during the past 1200 \nyears. The average recurrence time for these earthquakes is 215 ± 25 years, although interevent times may have been as short as a few \ndecades or as long as 400 years. Thus, although the elapsed time since the most recent earthquake, about 320 years, is about 50% longer than \nthe average recurrence time, it is not necessarily unprecedented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03449","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Frost, W.T., Garvin, C., Hamilton, J.C., Jaasma, M., and Rymer, M.J., 2004, Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault, Thousand Palms Oasis, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-449, 2 Sheets: 69.66 x 34.51 inches and 69.02 x 34.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03449.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 69.66 x 34.51 inches and 69.02 x 34.12 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03449.jpg"},{"id":4835,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283951,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/pdf/sheet1.pdf"},{"id":283952,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/pdf/sheet2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley;Thousand Palms Oasis","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.7969,33.2995 ], [ -116.7969,34.3 ], [ -115.6596,34.3 ], [ -115.6596,33.2995 ], [ -116.7969,33.2995 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, William T.","contributorId":51372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garvin, Christopher","contributorId":19222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garvin","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, John C. jhamilton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"John","email":"jhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaasma, Monique","contributorId":70470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaasma","given":"Monique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70209974,"text":"70209974 - 2004 - Tectonic framework and Late Cenozoic tectonic history of the northern part of Cyprus: Implications for earthquake hazards and regional tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T12:05:38.774216","indexId":"70209974","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-14T12:25:07","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic framework and Late Cenozoic tectonic history of the northern part of Cyprus: Implications for earthquake hazards and regional tectonics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Located near the triple junction of the African, Arabia, and Eurasian Plate, Cyprus has had an active and complex neotectonic history, which includes devastating historical earthquakes. Investigations into the tectonic framework of the northern part of Cyprus provide important insights into regional tectonism of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. The northern part of Cyprus is divided into two tectono-stratigraphic terranes, the boundary of which is the Ovgos fault zone. In the Middle Miocene, the Ovgos fault zone was a marine platform margin, which separated open-marine platform carbonates from deep-marine turbidites. Transpressive movement along easterly and northeasterly trending structures dominated the Late Miocene; deposition and preservation of Messinian evaporites occurred in grabens at intersections of these trends. N–S compression began in the Early Pliocene and produced contractional tectonism along east–west trends, including major thrusting of allochthonous rocks in the Kyrenia Range. Quaternary deformation has been dominated by strike-slip faults along northeast and northwest trends; movement during the Pleistocene occurred on several of these faults; Holocene movement is documented on one of these faults. A seismic hazard is implied for the Nicosia area because its proximity to the Quaternary faults. Since the Miocene, Cyprus has been continuously uplifted, but the tectonic setting is controversial, as some researchers invoke a subduction zone setting and others ascribe to a regime of strike-slip tectonics. Our neotectonic framework is consistent with a restraining bend model for Cyprus in a regional strike-slip regime.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00095-6","usgsCitation":"Harrison, R., Newell, W.L., Batihanli, H., Panayides, I., McGeehin, J., Mahan, S.A., Ozhur, A., Tsiolakis, E., and Necdet, M., 2004, Tectonic framework and Late Cenozoic tectonic history of the northern part of Cyprus: Implications for earthquake hazards and regional tectonics: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 2, p. 191-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00095-6.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cyprus","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batihanli, Hilmi","contributorId":12137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batihanli","given":"Hilmi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panayides, Ioannis","contributorId":18471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panayides","given":"Ioannis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, John mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":167455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ozhur, Ayse","contributorId":67613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozhur","given":"Ayse","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tsiolakis, Efthymios","contributorId":39890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsiolakis","given":"Efthymios","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Necdet, Mehmet","contributorId":71285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Necdet","given":"Mehmet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70189285,"text":"70189285 - 2004 - Using discrete choice modeling to generate resource selection functions for female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:17:43","indexId":"70189285","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using discrete choice modeling to generate resource selection functions for female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"<p> Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) depend on ice-covered seas to satisfy life history requirements. Modern threats to polar bears include oil spills in the marine environment and changes in ice composition resulting from climate change. Managers need practical models that explain the distribution of bears in order to assess the impacts of these threats. We explored the use of discrete choice models to describe habitat selection by female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea. Using stepwise procedures we generated resource selection models of habitat use. Sea ice characteristics and ocean depths at known polar bear locations were compared to the same features at randomly selected locations. Models generated for each of four seasons confirmed complexities of habitat use by polar bears and their response to numerous factors. Bears preferred shallow water areas where different ice types intersected. Variation among seasons was reflected mainly in differential selection of total ice concentration, ice stages, floe sizes, and their interactions. Distance to the nearest ice interface was a significant term in models for three seasons. Water depth was selected as a significant term in all seasons, possibly reflecting higher productivity in shallow water areas. Preliminary tests indicate seasonal models can predict polar bear distribution based on prior sea ice data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Resource selection methods and applications: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Resource Selection","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1st International Conference on Resource Selection","conferenceDate":"January 13-15, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Laramie, WY","language":"English","publisher":"Omnipress","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Amstrup, S.C., Nielson, R.M., and McDonald, T., 2004, Using discrete choice modeling to generate resource selection functions for female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea, <i>in</i> Resource selection methods and applications: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Resource Selection, Laramie, WY, January 13-15, 2003, p. 107-120.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db9e4b0d1f9f0594c48","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Huzurbazar, Snehalata","contributorId":85903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huzurbazar","given":"Snehalata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703922,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielson, Ryan M.","contributorId":78971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Trent","contributorId":150585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38166,"text":"fs04902 - 2004 - The Parkfield experiment; capturing what happens in an earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:50","indexId":"fs04902","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"049-02","title":"The Parkfield experiment; capturing what happens in an earthquake","docAbstract":"To better understand what happens on and near a fault before, during, and after an earthquake, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the California Geological Survey began the Parkfield Earthquake Experiment in the 1980's. Researchers from the USGS and collaborating institutions have created a dense network of instruments on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California, where moderate earthquakes have occurred at fairly regular intervals. Data from these instruments are revealing the earthquake process in unprecedented detail and will aid in predicting the time and severity of future shocks. The USGS and the National Science Foundation plan to expand the Parkfield Experiment by drilling a deep borehole and installing instruments at the actual depths where earthquakes initiate, creating a San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs04902","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S., Langbein, J.O., and Stauffer, P.H., 2004, The Parkfield experiment; capturing what happens in an earthquake (Revised edition): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 049-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04902.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_049_02.bmp"},{"id":3464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs049-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aeae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Steve","contributorId":70458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69818,"text":"sim2859 - 2004 - Map showing recent (1997-98 El Nino) and historical landslides, Crow Creek and vicinity, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:22","indexId":"sim2859","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2859","title":"Map showing recent (1997-98 El Nino) and historical landslides, Crow Creek and vicinity, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","docAbstract":"This report documents the spatial distribution of 3,800 landslides caused by 1997-98 El Ni?o winter rainfall in the vicinity of Crow Creek in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. The report also documents 558 historical (pre-1997-98) landslides. Landslides were mapped from 1:12,000-scale aerial photographs and classified as either debris flows or slides. Slides include rotational and translational slides, earth flows, and complex slope movements. Debris flows and slides from the 1997-98 winter modified 1 percent of the surface of the 148.6 km2 study area. Debris flows were scattered throughout the area, regardless of the type of underlying bedrock geology. Slides, however, were concentrated in a soft sandstone, conglomerate, and clayey group of rock units. Digital map files accompany the report.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2859","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Godt, J., and Tachker, P., 2004, Map showing recent (1997-98 El Nino) and historical landslides, Crow Creek and vicinity, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2859, plate and 16 p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2859.","productDescription":"plate and 16 p. pamphlet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110541,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70029.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70029"},{"id":6174,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2859/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":189277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan","contributorId":53431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tachker, Pierre","contributorId":70860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachker","given":"Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69817,"text":"sim2858 - 2004 - Geology, tephrochronology, radiometric ages, and cross sections of the Mark West Springs 7.5' quadrangle, Sonoma and Napa counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T15:03:16","indexId":"sim2858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2858","title":"Geology, tephrochronology, radiometric ages, and cross sections of the Mark West Springs 7.5' quadrangle, Sonoma and Napa counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this geologic map is to provide a context within which to interpret the Neogene evolution of the active strike-slip fault system traversing the Mark West Springs 7.5' quadrangle and adjacent areas. Based on this geologic framework, the timing and total amounts of displacement and the Neogene rates of slip for faults of the right-stepover area between the Healdsburg and Maacama Faults are addressed.</p><p>The Mark West Springs quadrangle is located in the northern California Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay. It is underlain by Mesozoic rocks of the Franciscan Complex, the Coast Range ophiolite, and the Great Valley sequence, considered here to be the pre-Tertiary basement of the northern Coast Ranges. These rocks are overlain by a complexly interstratified and mildly to moderately deformed sequence of Pleistocene to late Miocene marine and nonmarine sedimentary and largely subaerial volcanic rocks. These rocks and unconformably overlying, less-deformed Holocene and Pleistocene strata are cut by the active right-lateral Healdsburg and Maacama Fault Zones.</p><p>Mapping of the Mark West Springs quadrangle began in 1996 and was completed in October 2002. Most of the mapping presented here is original, although a few other sources of existing geologic mapping were also utilized. Funding for the project was provided by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Earthquake Hazards Reduction programs of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with geologic hazards mapping investigations of the California Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2858","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Fleck, R., Wright, W., Levin, V., and Valin, Z., 2004, Geology, tephrochronology, radiometric ages, and cross sections of the Mark West Springs 7.5' quadrangle, Sonoma and Napa counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2858, 2 sheets, 48 by 36 inches; 16 p. pamphlet; datafiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2858.","productDescription":"2 sheets, 48 by 36 inches; 16 p. pamphlet; datafiles","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2858/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110532,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70004.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70004"},{"id":189276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, W.H.","contributorId":76407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levin, V.R.G.","contributorId":32615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"V.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valin, Z. C. 0000-0001-6199-6700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":75165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":50641,"text":"ofr2002211 - 2004 - Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery&mdash;A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-07T01:01:55","indexId":"ofr2002211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-211","title":"Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery&mdash;A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh","docAbstract":"This open-file report details the methodology used to rectify, digitize, and mosaic nineteen 19th century topographic sheets on the marsh-dominated Big Bend Gulf coast of Florida. Historic charts of tidal marshes in Florida's Big Bend were prepared in a digital grid-based format for comparison with modern features derived from 1995 satellite imagery. The chart-by-chart rectification process produced a map accuracy of &plusmn; 8 m. An effort was made to evaluate secondary map features, such as tree islands, but changes during the intervening years exceed standard surveying errors and rendered the analysis ineffective. A map, at 1:300,000 comparing historic and modern features, is provided to illustrate major changes along the coastline. Shoreline erosion is exceeded by the inland migration of the intertidal zone onto adjoining coastal forest lands. While statements of mapping accuracy are provided in the text, graphic representation of changes in the intertidal zone may be inexact at any given location. Thus caution is advised for site-specific applications. Maps and digital files provided should be used to visualize overall trends and regional anomalies, and not used to critically assess features at a particular location. Final product includes mosaic of historic coastal features and comparison to modern features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Petersburg, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002211","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., Streck, A.E., and Stumpf, R., 2004, Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery&mdash;A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh (Revised June 28, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-211, i, 44 p.; Report Readme text file; Plate 4: 36 x 48 inches; Geodata download; Data Readme text file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002211.","productDescription":"i, 44 p.; Report Readme text file; Plate 4: 36 x 48 inches; Geodata download; Data Readme text file","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2002_211.jpg"},{"id":260251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/pdf/OFR_02-211.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261686,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/pdf/OFR_02-211_plate4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14213,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 17, Row R","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachee Bay;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,28.166666666666668 ], [ -84.5,30.25 ], [ -82.5,30.25 ], [ -82.5,28.166666666666668 ], [ -84.5,28.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised June 28, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streck, Amy E.","contributorId":72051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streck","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, Richard P.","contributorId":7739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Richard P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54019,"text":"wri034320 - 2004 - Delineation of Areas Contributing Water to the Dry Brook Public-Supply Well, South Hadley, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"wri034320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4320","title":"Delineation of Areas Contributing Water to the Dry Brook Public-Supply Well, South Hadley, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Areas contributing water to the Dry Brook public-supply well in South Hadley, Massachusetts, were delineated with a numerical ground-water-flow model that is based on geologic and hydrologic information for the confined sand and gravel aquifer pumped by the supply well. The study area is along the Connecticut River in central Massachusetts, about 12 miles north of Springfield, Massachusetts. Geologic units in the study area consist of Mesozoic-aged sedimentary and igneous bedrock, late-Pleistocene glaciolacustrine sediments, and recent alluvial deposits of the Connecticut River flood plain. Dry Brook Hill, immediately south of the supply well, is a large subaqueous lacustrine fan and delta formed during the last glacial retreat by sediment deposition into glacial Lake Hitchcock from a meltwater tunnel that was likely near where the Connecticut River cuts through the Holyoke Range. The sediments that compose the aquifer grade from very coarse sand and gravel along the northern flank of the hill, to medium sands in the body of the hill, and to finer-grained sediments along the southern flank of the hill. The interbedded and overlapping fine-grained lacustrine sediments associated with Dry Brook Hill include varved silt and clay deposits. These fine-grained sediments form a confining bed above the coarse-grained aquifer at the supply well and partially extend under the Connecticut River adjacent to the supply well.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the aquifer supplying water to Dry Brook well was simulated with the U.S. Geological Survey ground-water-flow modeling code MODFLOW. The Dry Brook aquifer model was calibrated to drawdown data collected from 8 observation wells during an aquifer test conducted by pumping the supply well for 10 days at a rate of 122.2 cubic feet per minute (ft3/min; 914 gallons per minute) and to water levels collected from observation wells across the study area. Generally, the largest hydraulic conductivity values used in the model were in the sand and gravel aquifer near the Dry Brook well, which is consistent with the geologic information. Results of aquifer-test simulation indicated that spatially variable aquifer hydraulic properties and boundary conditions affected heads and ground-water flow near the well. A comparison and analysis of water-level fluctuations in study area wells to fluctuations in the Connecticut River indicated a hydraulic connection of the aquifer with the river, which is also consistent with geologic information. Simulated ground-water levels indicated that most ground water in the study area flowed toward and discharged to the Connecticut River and the Dry Brook well. Small amounts of ground water also discharged to smaller streams (Dry Brook and Bachelor Brook) in the study area.\r\n\r\nAreas contributing water to the well were delineated with the MODPATH particle-tracking routine. Results of the contributing-area analysis indicated that the greatest sources of water to the well were recharge in the Dry Brook Hill area and infiltration of Connecticut River water in an area beyond the extent of the confining bed where the aquifer is in hydraulic connection with the river. The amount of water entering the Dry Brook well from recharge dominated at a lower pumping rate (40.0 ft3/min); about 90 percent of the pumped water originated from recharge and boundary flow, and infiltration from the Connecticut River supplied the remaining 10 percent. At a high pumping rate (122.2 ft3/min), however, about half of the water pumped from the Dry Brook well originated from recharge and boundary flow (49 percent), and half originated from infiltration of water from the Connecticut River (51 percent).\r\n\r\nResults of a sensitivity analysis of the extent of areas contributing water to the Dry Brook well when pumped at 122.2 ft3/min indicated that the size of these areas did not substantially change when aquifer properties were varied. In contrast, however, the size of these areas changed most when the recharge","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034320","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S.P., and Stone, J., 2004, Delineation of Areas Contributing Water to the Dry Brook Public-Supply Well, South Hadley, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4320, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034320.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67220a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway","contributorId":72793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet Radway","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58268,"text":"fs20043110 - 2004 - Modeling the effects of hydrology on fire, vegetation dynamics, and their interaction in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:19","indexId":"fs20043110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3110","title":"Modeling the effects of hydrology on fire, vegetation dynamics, and their interaction in the Florida Everglades","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043110","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Duke-Sylvester, S., and Gross, L.J., 2004, Modeling the effects of hydrology on fire, vegetation dynamics, and their interaction in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3110, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043110.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3110.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duke-Sylvester, Scott M.","contributorId":40661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke-Sylvester","given":"Scott M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Louis J.","contributorId":56705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58298,"text":"tm4A5 - 2004 - Load estimator (LOADEST): a FORTRAN program for estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"tm4A5","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-A5","title":"Load estimator (LOADEST): a FORTRAN program for estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers","docAbstract":"LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST) is a FORTRAN program for estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers. Given a time series of streamflow, additional data variables, and constituent concentration, LOADEST assists the user in developing a regression model for the estimation of constituent load (calibration). Explanatory variables within the regression model include various functions of streamflow, decimal time, and additional user-specified data variables. The formulated regression model then is used to estimate loads over a user-specified time interval (estimation). Mean load estimates, standard errors, and 95 percent confidence intervals are developed on a monthly and(or) seasonal basis. \r\n\r\nThe calibration and estimation procedures within LOADEST are based on three statistical estimation methods. The first two methods, Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (AMLE) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), are appropriate when the calibration model errors (residuals) are normally distributed. Of the two, AMLE is the method of choice when the calibration data set (time series of streamflow, additional data variables, and concentration) contains censored data. The third method, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD), is an alternative to maximum likelihood estimation when the residuals are not normally distributed. LOADEST output includes diagnostic tests and warnings to assist the user in determining the appropriate estimation method and in interpreting the estimated loads. This report describes the development and application of LOADEST. Sections of the report describe estimation theory, input/output specifications, sample applications, and installation instructions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm4A5","collaboration":"See errata","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Crawford, C.G., and Cohn, T., 2004, Load estimator (LOADEST): a FORTRAN program for estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-A5, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4A5.","productDescription":"75 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm4A5/Errata.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm4A5/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58292,"text":"ofr20041354 - 2004 - Thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments in the Espanola Basin south of Santa Fe, New Mexico, as estimated from aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:04","indexId":"ofr20041354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1354","title":"Thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments in the Espanola Basin south of Santa Fe, New Mexico, as estimated from aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"In the southern Espa?ola basin south of Santa Fe, New Mexico, weakly magnetic Santa Fe Group sediments of Oligocene to Pleistocene age, which represent the primary aquifers for the region, are locally underlain by moderately to strongly magnetic igneous and volcaniclastic rocks of Oligocene age. Where this relationship exists, the thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments, and thus the maximum thickness of the aquifers, can be estimated from quantitative analysis of high-resolution aeromagnetic data. These thickness estimates provide guidance for characterizing the ground-water resources in between scattered water wells in this area of rapid urban development and declining water supplies. This report presents one such analysis based on the two-step extended Euler method for estimating depth to magnetic sources. The results show the general form of a north-trending synclinal basin located between the Cerrillos Hills and Eldorado with northward thickening of Santa Fe Group sediments. The increase in thickness is gradual from the erosional edge on the south to a U-shaped \u001CSanta Fe embayment hinge line,\u001D north of which sediments thicken much more dramatically. Along the north-south basin axis, Santa Fe Group sediments thicken from 300 feet (91 meters) at the hinge line near latitude 35o32'30'N to 2,000 feet (610 meters) at the Cerrillos Road interchange at Interstate 25, north of latitude 35o36'N. The depth analysis indicates that, superimposed on this general synclinal form, there are many local areas where the Santa Fe Group sediments may be thickened by a few hundred feet, presumably due to erosional relief on the underlying Oligocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Some larger areas of greater apparent thickening occur where the presence of magnetic rocks directly underlying the Santa Fe Group is uncertain. Where magnetic rocks are absent beneath the Santa Fe Group, the thickness cannot be estimated from the aeromagnetic data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041354","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., and Grauch, V.J., 2004, Thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments in the Espanola Basin south of Santa Fe, New Mexico, as estimated from aeromagnetic data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1354, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041354.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58164,"text":"wri034268 - 2004 - Documentation of revisions to the regional aquifer system analysis model of the New Jersey coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"wri034268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4268","title":"Documentation of revisions to the regional aquifer system analysis model of the New Jersey coastal plain","docAbstract":"The model, which simulates flow in the New Jersey Coastal Plain sediments, developed for the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) program was revised. The RASA model was revised with (1) a rediscretization of the model parameters with a finer cell size, (2) a spatially variable recharge rate that is based on rates determined by recent studies and, (3) ground-water withdrawal data from 1981 to 1998.\r\n\r\nThe RASA model framework, which subdivided the Coastal Plain sediments into 10 aquifers and 9 confining units, was preserved in the revised model. A transient model that simulates flow conditions from January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1998, was constructed using 21 stress periods.\r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated by attempting to match the simulated results with (1) estimated base flow for five river basins, (2) measured water levels in long-term hydrographs for 28 selected observation wells, and (3) potentiometric surfaces in the model area for 1978, 1983, 1998, 1993, and 1998 conditions. The estimated and simulated base flow in the five river basins compare well. In general, the simulated water levels matched the interpreted potentiometric surfaces and the measured water levels of the hydrographs within 25 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034268","usgsCitation":"Voronin, L.M., 2004, Documentation of revisions to the regional aquifer system analysis model of the New Jersey coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4268, 58 p. and 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034268.","productDescription":"58 p. and 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voronin, Lois M. 0000-0002-1064-1675 lvoronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-1675","contributorId":1475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voronin","given":"Lois","email":"lvoronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58307,"text":"sir20045041 - 2004 - Atlas of depth-duration frequency of precipitation annual maxima for Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T09:42:20","indexId":"sir20045041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5041","title":"Atlas of depth-duration frequency of precipitation annual maxima for Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Ninety-six maps depicting the spatial variation of the depth-duration frequency of precipitation annual maxima for Texas are presented. The recurrence intervals represented are 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 years. The storm durations represented are 15 and 30 minutes; 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 hours; and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. The maps were derived using geographically referenced parameter maps of probability distributions used in previously published research by the U.S. Geological Survey to model the magnitude and frequency of precipitation annual maxima for Texas. The maps in this report apply that research and update depth-duration frequency of precipitation maps available in earlier studies done by the National Weather Service.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045041","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Roussel, M.C., 2004, Atlas of depth-duration frequency of precipitation annual maxima for Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5041, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045041.","productDescription":"114 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045041.JPG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66942c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54027,"text":"ofr20041097 - 2004 - Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1097","title":"Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary","docAbstract":"The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St. Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. The integrated code was applied to the southern Everglades of Florida to quantify flow and salinity patterns and to evaluate effects of hydrologic processes. Results indicate that most surface water within Taylor Slough flows through Joe Bay and into Florida Bay through Trout Creek. Overtopping of the Buttonwood Embankment, a narrow but continuous ridge that separates the coastal wetlands from Florida Bay, does occur in response to tropical storms, but the net overflow is only 1.5 percent of creek discharge. The net leakage rate for the coastal wetland is about zero with nearly equal upward (17.1 cm/yr) and downward (17.4 cm/yr) rates. During the dry season, the coastal wetland increases in salinity to 30-35 practical salinity units but is flushed each year with the onset of the wet season. Model results demonstrate that surface-water/ground-water interactions, density-dependent flow, and wind affect flow and salinity patterns.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041097","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Swain, E.D., and Melinda A., W., 2004, Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1097, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041097.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f3050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melinda A., Wolfert","contributorId":51844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melinda A.","given":"Wolfert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54025,"text":"ofr20041098 - 2004 - Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1098","title":"Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert","docAbstract":"This paper proposes an alternative model for the primary source of silica contained in bedded sedimentary chert.  The proposed model is derived from three principal observations as follows: (1) eolian processes in warm-arid climates produce copious amounts of highly reactive fine-grained quartz particles (dust), (2) eolian processes in warm-arid climates export enormous quantities of quartzose dust to marine environments, and (3) bedded sedimentary cherts generally occur in marine strata that were deposited in warm-arid paleoclimates where dust was a potential source of silica.   An empirical integration of these observations suggests that eolian dust best explains both the primary and predominant source of silica for most bedded sedimentary cherts.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041098","usgsCitation":"Cecil, C.B., 2004, Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1098, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041098.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53270,"text":"ofr03285 - 2004 - SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:11:58","indexId":"ofr03285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-285","title":"SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","docAbstract":"This report describes SutraGUI, a flexible graphical user-interface (GUI) that supports two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) SUTRA ground-water-flow and transport model (Voss and Provost, 2002). SutraGUI allows the user to create SUTRA ground-water models graphically. SutraGUI provides all of the graphical functionality required for setting up and running SUTRA simulations that range from basic to sophisticated, but it is also possible for advanced users to apply programmable features within Argus ONE to meet the unique demands of particular ground-water modeling projects. SutraGUI is a public-domain computer program designed to run with the proprietary Argus ONE? package, which provides 2D Geographic Information System (GIS) and meshing support. For 3D simulation, GIS and meshing support is provided by programming contained within SutraGUI. When preparing a 3D SUTRA model, the model and all of its features are viewed within Argus 1 in 2D projection. For 2D models, SutraGUI is only slightly changed in functionality from the previous 2D-only version (Voss and others, 1997) and it provides visualization of simulation results. In 3D, only model preparation is supported by SutraGUI, and 3D simulation results may be viewed in SutraPlot (Souza, 1999) or Model Viewer (Hsieh and Winston, 2002). A comprehensive online Help system is included in SutraGUI. For 3D SUTRA models, the 3D model domain is conceptualized as bounded on the top and bottom by 2D surfaces. The 3D domain may also contain internal surfaces extending across the model that divide the domain into tabular units, which can represent hydrogeologic strata or other features intended by the user. These surfaces can be non-planar and non-horizontal. The 3D mesh is defined by one or more 2D meshes at different elevations that coincide with these surfaces. If the nodes in the 3D mesh are vertically aligned, only a single 2D mesh is needed. For nonaligned meshes, two or more 2D meshes of similar connectivity are used. Between each set of 2D meshes (and model surfaces), the vertical space in the 3D mesh is evenly divided into a user-specified number of layers of finite elements. Boundary conditions may be specified for 3D models in SutraGUI using a variety of geometric shapes that may be located freely within the 3D model domain. These shapes include points, lines, sheets, and solids. These are represented by 2D contours (within the vertically-projected Argus ONE view) with user-defined elevations. In addition, boundary conditions may be specified for 3D models as points, lines, and areas that are located exactly within the surfaces that define the model top and the bottoms of the tabular units. Aquifer properties may be specified separately for each tabular unit. If the aquifer properties vary vertically within a unit, SutraGUI provides the Sutra_Z function that can be used to specify such variation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03285","usgsCitation":"Winston, R.B., and Voss, C.I., 2004, SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-285, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03285.","productDescription":"114 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/sutra-gui/SutraGUI.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, Richard B. 0000-0002-6287-8834 rbwinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-8834","contributorId":3567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"Richard","email":"rbwinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58301,"text":"sir20045204 - 2004 - Characterization and simulation of flow in the lower Arkansas River alluvial aquifer, south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:03","indexId":"sir20045204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5204","title":"Characterization and simulation of flow in the lower Arkansas River alluvial aquifer, south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"Large parts of the lower Arkansas, Ninnescah, and Walnut River Basins in south-central Kansas\u0014an area that includes Wichita, the largest city in Kansas\u0014are experiencing rapid population growth and, consequently, increasing demands on surface- and ground-water resources in addition to agricultural irrigation in the area. The quantity and quality of water available in the lower Arkansas, Ninnescah, and Walnut River Basins in Butler, Cowley, Sedgwick, and Sumner Counties are crucial as population and water use continue to increase in the region. \r\n\r\nA steady-state model was constructed to simulate flow in the Arkansas River alluvial aquifer between Wichita and Arkansas City. Calibration was achieved using March 2001 measured water levels and streamflow gain using long-term (1940\u00132001) streamflow records. Average recharge about 5 inches per year; average aquifer hydraulic conductivity was about 500 feet per day; well pumpage (average of reported 1998\u00132001 use) was 56 cubic feet per second; and net flow from the alluvial aquifer to streams in the modeled area was computed by hydrograph separation to be 157 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\nNine hypothetical simulations were conducted with ground-water pumpage varying from zero to double authorized pumpage (206 cubic feet per second). Net remaining aquifer thickness declined for the largest simulated pumpage increases in comparison to 1998\u00132001 average pumping, as did flow from the aquifer to the Arkansas River. Simulated aquifer thickness decreases were more pronounced in areas where pumpage is currently (2004) greatest.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045204","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Combs, L.J., and Hansen, C.V., 2004, Characterization and simulation of flow in the lower Arkansas River alluvial aquifer, south-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5204, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045204.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Combs, Lanna J.","contributorId":86411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combs","given":"Lanna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58263,"text":"fs20043130 - 2004 - Development of coastal flow and transport models in support of everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:19","indexId":"fs20043130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3130","title":"Development of coastal flow and transport models in support of everglades restoration","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043130","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Swain, E.D., Wang, J.D., Wolfert, M.A., Schaffranek, R.W., and Riscassi, A.L., 2004, Development of coastal flow and transport models in support of everglades restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3130, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043130.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3130.bmp"},{"id":5846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2004-3130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, John D.","contributorId":75224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfert, Melinda A.","contributorId":86033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riscassi, Ami L.","contributorId":24399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riscassi","given":"Ami","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}