Resource managers around the world are challenged to develop feasible plans for sustainable conservation and/or restoration of the lands, waters, and wildlife they administer—a challenge made greater by anticipated climate change and associated effects over the next century. Increasingly, paleoecologic and geologic archives are being used to extend the period of record of observed data and provide information on centennial to millennial scale responses to long-term drivers of ecosystem change. The development of paleoecology from an emerging field investigating past environments to a highly relevant applied science is reviewed and general examples of the application of paleoecologic research to resource management questions in diverse habitats and regions are provided. Specific examples of the application of paleoecologic research to the restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida (U.S.A) are presented. Conducting valuable scientific research that would benefit resource management decisions, however, is not enough. Scientists and resource managers need to be engaged in collaborative discussions from the beginning of the research process to ensure that management questions are being addressed and that the science reaches the people who will benefit from the information. Paleoecology and related disciplines provide an understanding of how ecosystems and individual species function and change over time in response to both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Information on pre-anthropogenic baseline conditions is provided by paleoecologic research, but it is the detection of long-term trends and cycles that allow resource managers to set realistic goals and targets by moving away from the fixed-point baseline concept to one of dynamic landscapes that anticipates and incorporates an expectation of change into decision-making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2017.00011","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., Bernhardt, C.E., and Wachnicka, A., 2017, The role of paleoecology in restoration and resource management—The past as a guide to future decision-making: Review and example from the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, U.S.A: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, Article 11: 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00011.","productDescription":"Article 11: 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079801","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.5347900390625,\n 24.42214378185897\n ],\n [\n -79.9200439453125,\n 24.42214378185897\n ],\n [\n -79.9200439453125,\n 27.196014383173306\n ],\n [\n -82.5347900390625,\n 27.196014383173306\n ],\n [\n -82.5347900390625,\n 24.42214378185897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c92e4b062508e31a986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wachnicka, Anna","contributorId":15500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wachnicka","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190239,"text":"70190239 - 2017 - A genetic signature of the evolution of loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T14:39:03","indexId":"70190239","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic signature of the evolution of loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION
Changes in the size and proportion of limbs and other structures have played a key role in the evolution of species. One common class of limb modification is recurrent wing reduction and loss of flight in birds. Indeed, Darwin used the occurrence of flightless birds as an argument in favor of his theory of natural selection. Loss of flight has evolved repeatedly and is found among 26 families of birds in 17 different orders. Despite the frequency of these modifications, we have a limited understanding of their underpinnings at the genetic and molecular levels.
RATIONALE
To better understand the evolution of changes in limb size, we studied a classic case of recent loss of flight in the Galapagos cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi). Cormorants are large water birds that live in coastal areas or near lakes, and P. harrisi is the only flightless cormorant among approximately 40 extant species. The entire population is distributed along the coastlines of Isabela and Fernandina islands in the Galapagos archipelago. P. harrisi has a pair of short wings, which are smaller than those of any other cormorant. The extreme reduction of the wings and pectoral skeleton observed in P. harrisi is an attractive model for studying the evolution of loss of flight because it occurred very recently; phylogenetic evidence suggests that P. harrisi diverged from its flighted relatives within the past 2 million years. We developed a comparative and predictive genomics approach that uses the genome sequences of P. harrisi and its flighted relatives to find candidate genetic variants that likely contributed to the evolution of loss of flight.
RESULTS
We sequenced and de novo assembled the whole genomes of P. harrisi and three closely related flighted cormorant species. We identified thousands of coding variants exclusive to P. harrisi and classified them according to their probability of altering protein function based on conservation. Variants most likely to alter protein function were significantly enriched in genes mutated in human skeletal ciliopathies, including Ofd1, Evc, Wdr34, and Ift122. We carried out experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans to confirm that a missense variant present in the Galapagos cormorant IFT122 protein is sufficient to affect ciliary function. The primary cilium is essential for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vertebrates, and individuals affected by ciliopathies have small limbs and ribcages, mirroring the phenotype of P. harrisi. We also identified a 4–amino acid deletion in the regulatory domain of Cux1, a highly conserved transcription factor that has been experimentally shown to regulate limb growth in chicken. The four missing amino acids are perfectly conserved in all birds and mammals sequenced to date. We tested the consequences of this deletion in a chondrogenic cell line and showed that it impairs the ability of CUX1 to transcriptionally up-regulate cilia-related genes (some of which contain function-altering variants in P. harrisi) and to promote chondrogenic differentiation. Finally, we show that positive selection may have played a role in the fixation of the variants associated with loss of flight in P. harrisi.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the combined effect of variants in genes necessary for the correct transcriptional regulation and function of the primary cilium likely contributed to the evolution of highly reduced wings and other skeletal adaptations associated with loss of flight in P. harrisi. Our approach may be generally useful for identification of variants underlying evolutionary novelty from genomes of closely related species.
We compared egg size phenotypes and tested several predictions from the optimal egg size (OES) and bet-hedging theories in two North American desert-dwelling sister tortoise taxa, Gopherus agassizii and G. morafkai, that inhabit different climate spaces: relatively unpredictable and more predictable climate spaces, respectively. Observed patterns in both species differed from the predictions of OES in several ways. Mean egg size increased with maternal body size in both species. Mean egg size was inversely related to clutch order in G. agassizii, a strategy more consistent with the within-generation hypothesis arising out of bet-hedging theory or a constraint in egg investment due to resource availability, and contrary to theories of density dependence, which posit that increasing hatchling competition from later season clutches should drive selection for larger eggs. We provide empirical evidence that one species, G. agassizii, employs a bet-hedging strategy that is a combination of two different bet-hedging hypotheses. Additionally, we found some evidence for G. morafkai employing a conservative bet-hedging strategy. (e.g., lack of intra- and interclutch variation in egg size relative to body size). Our novel adaptive hypothesis suggests the possibility that natural selection favors smaller offspring in late-season clutches because they experience a more benign environment or less energetically challenging environmental conditions (i.e., winter) than early clutch progeny, that emerge under harsher and more energetically challenging environmental conditions (i.e., summer). We also discuss alternative hypotheses of sexually antagonistic selection, which arise from the trade-offs of son versus daughter production that might have different optima depending on clutch order and variation in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) among clutches. Resolution of these hypotheses will require long-term data on fitness of sons versus daughters as a function of incubation environment, data as yet unavailable for any species with TSD.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2838","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Lovich, J.E., Averill-Murray, R., Yackulic, C.B., Agha, M., Loughran, C., Tennant, L.A., and Sinervo, B., 2017, The evolution of different maternal investment strategies in two closely related desert vertebrates: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 9, p. 3177-3189, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2838.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3177","endPage":"3189","ipdsId":"IP-069816","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JS9NN9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Desert tortoise reproductive ecology and precipitation, Mojave and Sonoran DesertsData"},{"id":342439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.68991088867188,\n 33.950195282756994\n ],\n [\n -116.43447875976561,\n 33.950195282756994\n ],\n [\n -116.43447875976561,\n 34.13908837343849\n ],\n [\n -116.68991088867188,\n 34.13908837343849\n ],\n [\n -116.68991088867188,\n 33.950195282756994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.07867050170898,\n 33.65278013476915\n ],\n [\n -113.0215072631836,\n 33.65278013476915\n ],\n [\n -113.0215072631836,\n 33.69649423337287\n ],\n [\n -113.07867050170898,\n 33.69649423337287\n ],\n [\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loughran, Caleb","contributorId":192870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughran","given":"Caleb","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tennant, Laura A. 0000-0003-0062-7287 ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sinervo, Barry","contributorId":139508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinervo","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12781,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lizardrps@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188426,"text":"70188426 - 2017 - The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kīlauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T09:18:57","indexId":"70188426","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kīlauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna","docAbstract":"Persistent motion of the south flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, has been known for several decades, but has only recently been identified at other large basaltic volcanoes—namely Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) and Etna (Sicily)—thanks to the advent of space geodetic techniques. Nevertheless, understanding of long-term flank instability is based largely on the example of Kīlauea, despite the large differences in the manifestations and mechanisms of the process when viewed through a comparative lens. For example, the rate of flank motion at Kīlauea is several times that of Etna and Piton de la Fournaise and is accommodated on a slip plane several km deeper than is probably present at the other two volcanoes. Gravitational spreading also appears to be the dominant driving force at Kīlauea, given the long-term steady motion of the volcano's south flank regardless of eruptive/intrusive activity, whereas magmatic activity plays a larger role in flank deformation at Etna and Piton de la Fournaise. Kīlauea and Etna, however, are both characterized by heavily faulted flanks, while Piton de la Fournaise shows little evidence for flank faulting. A helpful means of understanding the spectrum of persistent flank motion at large basaltic edifices may be through a framework defined on one hand by magmatic activity (which encompasses both magma supply and edifice size), and on the other hand by the structural setting of the volcano (especially the characteristics of the subvolcanic basement or subhorizontal intravolcanic weak zones). A volcano's size and magmatic activity will dictate the extent to which gravitational and magmatic forces can drive motion of an unstable flank (and possibly the level of faulting of that flank), while the volcano's structural setting governs whether or not a plane of weakness exists beneath or within the edifice and can facilitate flank slip. Considering persistent flank instability using this conceptual model is an alternative to using a single volcano as a “type example”—especially given that the example is usually Kīlauea, which defines an extreme end of the spectrum—and can provide a basis for understanding why flank motion may or may not exist on other large basaltic volcanoes worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.004","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Peltier, A., Bonaforte, A., and Puglisi, G., 2017, The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kīlauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 339, p. 63-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.004.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-083995","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-03748853","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France, Italy, United States","otherGeospatial":"Etna, Kīlauea Volcano, Piton de la Fournaise","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.883333,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.116667\n ],\n [\n -154.883333,\n 19.116667\n ],\n [\n -154.883333,\n 19.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 55.666667,\n -21.152778\n ],\n [\n 55.666667,\n -21.319444\n ],\n [\n 55.836111,\n -21.319444\n ],\n [\n 55.836111,\n -21.152778\n ],\n [\n 55.666667,\n -21.152778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.766667,\n 37.916667\n ],\n [\n 15.233333,\n 37.916667\n ],\n [\n 15.233333,\n 37.483333\n ],\n [\n 14.766667,\n 37.483333\n ],\n [\n 14.766667,\n 37.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"339","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6dee4b0764e6c602139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltier, Aline","contributorId":149410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltier","given":"Aline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonaforte, Alessandro","contributorId":192762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonaforte","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puglisi, Giuseppe","contributorId":192763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puglisi","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188321,"text":"70188321 - 2017 - Using a gradient in food quality to infer drivers of fatty acid content in two filter-feeding aquatic consumers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:40:04","indexId":"70188321","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a gradient in food quality to infer drivers of fatty acid content in two filter-feeding aquatic consumers","docAbstract":"Inferences about ecological structure and function are often made using elemental or macromolecular tracers of food web structure. For example, inferences about food chain length are often made using stable isotope ratios of top predators and consumer food sources are often inferred from both stable isotopes and fatty acid (FA) content in consumer tissues. The use of FAs as tracers implies some degree of macromolecular conservation across trophic interactions, but many FAs are subject to physiological alteration and animals may produce those FAs from precursors in response to food deficiencies. We measured 41 individual FAs and several aggregate FA metrics in two filter-feeding taxa to (1) assess ecological variation in food availability and (2) identify potential drivers of among-site variation in FA content. These taxa were filter feeding caddisflies (Family Hydropyschidae) and dreissenid mussels (Genus Dreissena), which both consume seston. Stable isotopic composition (C and N) in these taxa co-varied across 13 sites in the Great Lakes region of North America, indicating they fed on very similar food resources. However, co-variation in FA content was very limited, with only one common FA co-varying across this gradient (α-linolenic acid; ALA), suggesting these taxa accumulate FAs very differently even when exposed to the same foods. Based on these results, among-site variation in ALA content in both consumers does appear to be driven by food resources, along with several other FAs in dreissenid mussels. We conclude that single-taxa measurements of FA content cannot be used to infer FA availability in food resources.
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Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. 0000-0003-2367-4887 jvallazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-4887","contributorId":149362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn A. 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":149360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn A.","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle R. 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":149359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188600,"text":"70188600 - 2017 - Demographic consequences of nest box use for Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus in Central Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:54:39","indexId":"70188600","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Demographic consequences of nest box use for Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus in Central Asia","title":"Demographic consequences of nest box use for Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus in Central Asia","docAbstract":"Nest box programs are frequently implemented for the conservation of cavity-nesting birds, but their effectiveness is rarely evaluated in comparison to birds not using nest boxes. In the European Palearctic, Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus populations are both of high conservation concern and are strongly associated with nest box programs in heavily managed landscapes. We used a 21-year monitoring dataset collected on 753 nesting attempts by Red-footed Falcons in unmanaged natural or semi-natural habitats to provide basic information on this poorly known species; to evaluate long-term demographic trends; and to evaluate response of demographic parameters of Red-footed Falcons to environmental factors including use of nest boxes. We observed significant differences among years in laying date, offspring loss, and numbers of fledglings produced, but not in egg production. Of these four parameters, offspring loss and, to a lesser extent, number of fledglings exhibited directional trends over time. Variation in laying date and in numbers of eggs were not well explained by any one model, but instead by combinations of models, each with informative terms for nest type. Nevertheless, laying in nest boxes occurred 2.10 ± 0.70 days earlier than in natural nests. In contrast, variation in both offspring loss and numbers of fledglings produced were fairly well explained by a single model including terms for nest type, nest location, and an interaction between the two parameters (65% and 81% model weights respectively), with highest offspring loss in nest boxes on forest edges. Because, for other species, earlier laying dates are associated with more fit individuals, this interaction highlighted a possible ecological trap, whereby birds using nest boxes on forest edges lay eggs earlier but suffer greater offspring loss and produce lower numbers of fledglings than do those in other nesting settings. If nest boxes increase offspring loss for Red-footed Falcons in heavily managed landscapes where populations are at greater risk, or for the many other species of rare or endangered birds supported by nest box programs, these processes could have important demographic and conservation consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12503","usgsCitation":"Bragin, E.A., Bragin, A.E., and Katzner, T., 2017, Demographic consequences of nest box use for Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus in Central Asia: Ibis, v. 159, no. 4, p. 841-853, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12503.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"853","ipdsId":"IP-081874","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[70.96231,42.26615],[70.38896,42.08131],[69.07003,41.38424],[68.63248,40.66868],[68.2599,40.66232],[67.98586,41.13599],[66.71405,41.16844],[66.51065,41.98764],[66.02339,41.99465],[66.09801,42.99766],[64.90082,43.72808],[63.18579,43.65007],[62.0133,43.50448],[61.05832,44.40582],[60.23997,44.78404],[58.68999,45.50001],[58.50313,45.5868],[55.92892,44.99586],[55.96819,41.30864],[55.45525,41.25986],[54.75535,42.04397],[54.07942,42.32411],[52.94429,42.11603],[52.50246,41.78332],[52.44634,42.02715],[52.69211,42.4439],[52.50143,42.7923],[51.34243,43.13297],[50.89129,44.03103],[50.33913,44.28402],[50.30564,44.60984],[51.2785,44.51485],[51.3169,45.246],[52.16739,45.40839],[53.04088,45.25905],[53.22087,46.23465],[53.04274,46.85301],[52.04202,46.80464],[51.19195,47.0487],[50.03408,46.60899],[49.10116,46.39933],[48.59324,46.56103],[48.69473,47.07563],[48.05725,47.74375],[47.31523,47.71585],[46.46645,48.39415],[47.04367,49.15204],[46.7516,49.35601],[47.54948,50.4547],[48.57784,49.87476],[48.70238,50.60513],[50.76665,51.69276],[52.32872,51.71865],[54.53288,51.02624],[55.71694,50.62172],[56.77796,51.04355],[58.36329,51.06365],[59.64228,50.54544],[59.93281,50.84219],[61.33742,50.79907],[61.588,51.27266],[59.96753,51.96042],[60.92727,52.44755],[60.73999,52.71999],[61.69999,52.98],[60.97807,53.66499],[61.43659,54.00626],[65.17853,54.35423],[65.66688,54.60127],[68.1691,54.97039],[69.06817,55.38525],[70.86527,55.16973],[71.18013,54.13329],[72.22415,54.37666],[73.50852,54.03562],[73.42568,53.48981],[74.38485,53.54686],[76.8911,54.49052],[76.52518,54.177],[77.80092,53.40441],[80.03556,50.86475],[80.56845,51.38834],[81.94599,50.8122],[83.383,51.06918],[83.93511,50.88925],[84.41638,50.3114],[85.11556,50.1173],[85.54127,49.69286],[86.82936,49.82667],[87.35997,49.21498],[86.59878,48.54918],[85.76823,48.45575],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.16429,47.00096],[83.18048,47.33003],[82.45893,45.53965],[81.94707,45.31703],[79.96611,44.91752],[80.86621,43.18036],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.25999,42.35],[79.64365,42.49668],[79.14218,42.85609],[77.65839,42.96069],[76.00035,42.98802],[75.63696,42.8779],[74.21287,43.29834],[73.6453,43.09127],[73.48976,42.50089],[71.84464,42.8454],[71.18628,42.70429],[70.96231,42.26615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kazakhstan\"}}]}","volume":"159","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5944ee13e4b062508e3335e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bragin, Evgeny A.","contributorId":194894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragin","given":"Evgeny","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35656,"text":"Science Department, Naurzum National Nature Reserve, Kostanay Oblast, Naurzumski Raijon, Karamendy, Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragin, Alexander E.","contributorId":193027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragin","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188293,"text":"70188293 - 2017 - Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T15:05:50","indexId":"70188293","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging","docAbstract":"The Pacific–North American plate boundary in California is composed of a 400-km-wide network of faults and zones of distributed deformation. Earthquakes, even large ones, can occur along individual or combinations of faults within the larger plate boundary system. While research often focuses on the primary and secondary faults, holistic study of the plate boundary is required to answer several fundamental questions. How do plate boundary motions partition across California faults? How do faults within the plate boundary interact during earthquakes? What fraction of strain accumulation is relieved aseismically and does this provide limits on fault rupture propagation? Geodetic imaging, broadly defined as measurement of crustal deformation and topography of the Earth’s surface, enables assessment of topographic characteristics and the spatio-temporal behavior of the Earth’s crust. We focus here on crustal deformation observed with continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) from NASA’s airborne UAVSAR platform, and on high-resolution topography acquired from lidar and Structure from Motion (SfM) methods. Combined, these measurements are used to identify active structures, past ruptures, transient motions, and distribution of deformation. The observations inform estimates of the mechanical and geometric properties of faults. We discuss five areas in California as examples of different fault behavior, fault maturity and times within the earthquake cycle: the M6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake rupture, the San Jacinto fault, the creeping and locked Carrizo sections of the San Andreas fault, the Landers rupture in the Eastern California Shear Zone, and the convergence of the Eastern California Shear Zone and San Andreas fault in southern California. These examples indicate that distribution of crustal deformation can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and high-resolution topography and can improve our understanding of tectonic deformation and rupture characteristics within the broad plate boundary zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/geosciences7010015","usgsCitation":"Donnellan, A., Arrowsmith, R., and DeLong, S.B., 2017, Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging: Geosciences, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7010015.","productDescription":"Article 15; 26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-082746","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7010015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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and benzene in drinking-water wells overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas","docAbstract":"Water wells (n = 116) overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas were sampled for chemical, isotopic, and groundwater-age tracers to investigate the occurrence and sources of selected hydrocarbons in groundwater. Methane isotopes and hydrocarbon gas compositions indicate most of the methane in the wells was biogenic and produced by the CO2 reduction pathway, not from thermogenic shale gas. Two samples contained methane from the fermentation pathway that could be associated with hydrocarbon degradation based on their co-occurrence with hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene and butane. Benzene was detected at low concentrations (<0.15 μg/L), but relatively high frequencies (2.4–13.3% of samples), in the study areas. Eight of nine samples containing benzene had groundwater ages >2500 years, indicating the benzene was from subsurface sources such as natural hydrocarbon migration or leaking hydrocarbon wells. One sample contained benzene that could be from a surface release associated with hydrocarbon production activities based on its age (10 ± 2.4 years) and proximity to hydrocarbon wells. Groundwater travel times inferred from the age-data indicate decades or longer may be needed to fully assess the effects of potential subsurface and surface releases of hydrocarbons on the wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.7b00746","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Barlow, J.R., Engle, M.A., Belitz, K., Ging, P.B., Hunt, A.G., Jurgens, B.C., Kharaka, Y.K., Tollett, R.W., and Kresse, T.M., 2017, Methane and benzene in drinking-water wells overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 51, no. 12, p. 6727-6734, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00746.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6727","endPage":"6734","ipdsId":"IP-084127","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77D2SC4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Methane and benzene in drinking-water wells overlying the Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas"},{"id":342035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.92041015625,\n 27.6251403350933\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 27.6251403350933\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -100.92041015625,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -100.92041015625,\n 27.6251403350933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59327923e4b0e9bd0eab54f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":127842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70188154,"text":"70188154 - 2017 - A shifting rift—Geophysical insights into the evolution of Rio Grande rift margins and the Embudo transfer zone near Taos, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T10:49:45","indexId":"70188154","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shifting rift—Geophysical insights into the evolution of Rio Grande rift margins and the Embudo transfer zone near Taos, New Mexico","docAbstract":"We present a detailed example of how a subbasin develops adjacent to a transfer zone in the Rio Grande rift. The Embudo transfer zone in the Rio Grande rift is considered one of the classic examples and has been used as the inspiration for several theoretical models. Despite this attention, the history of its development into a major rift structure is poorly known along its northern extent near Taos, New Mexico. Geologic evidence for all but its young rift history is concealed under Quaternary cover. We focus on understanding the pre-Quaternary evidence that is in the subsurface by integrating diverse pieces of geologic and geophysical information. As a result, we present a substantively new understanding of the tectonic configuration and evolution of the northern extent of the Embudo fault and its adjacent subbasin.
We integrate geophysical, borehole, and geologic information to interpret the subsurface configuration of the rift margins formed by the Embudo and Sangre de Cristo faults and the geometry of the subbasin within the Taos embayment. Key features interpreted include (1) an imperfect D-shaped subbasin that slopes to the east and southeast, with the deepest point ∼2 km below the valley floor located northwest of Taos at ∼36° 26′N latitude and 105° 37′W longitude; (2) a concealed Embudo fault system that extends as much as 7 km wider than is mapped at the surface, wherein fault strands disrupt or truncate flows of Pliocene Servilleta Basalt and step down into the subbasin with a minimum of 1.8 km of vertical displacement; and (3) a similar, wider than expected (5–7 km) zone of stepped, west-down normal faults associated with the Sangre de Cristo range front fault.
From the geophysical interpretations and subsurface models, we infer relations between faulting and flows of Pliocene Servilleta Basalt and older, buried basaltic rocks that, combined with geologic mapping, suggest a revised rift history involving shifts in the locus of fault activity as the Taos subbasin developed. We speculate that faults related to north-striking grabens at the end of Laramide time formed the first west-down master faults. The Embudo fault may have initiated in early Miocene southwest of the Taos region. Normal-oblique slip on these early fault strands likely transitioned in space and time to dominantly left-lateral slip as the Embudo fault propagated to the northeast. During and shortly after eruption of Servilleta Basalt, proto-Embudo fault strands were active along and parallel to the modern, NE-aligned Rio Pueblo de Taos, ∼4–7 km basinward of the modern, mapped Embudo fault zone. Faults along the northeastern subbasin margin had northwest strikes for most of the period of subbasin formation and were located ∼5–7 km basinward of the modern Sangre de Cristo fault. The locus of fault activity shifted to more northerly striking faults within 2 km of the modern range front sometime after Servilleta volcanism had ceased. The northerly faults may have linked with the northeasterly proto-Embudo faults at this time, concurrent with the development of N-striking Los Cordovas normal faults within the interior of the subbasin. By middle Pleistocene(?) time, the Los Cordovas faults had become inactive, and the linked Embudo–Sangre de Cristo fault system migrated to the south, to the modern range front.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01425.1","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Bauer, P.W., Drenth, B.J., and Kelson, K.I., 2017, A shifting rift—Geophysical insights into the evolution of Rio Grande rift margins and the Embudo transfer zone near Taos, New Mexico: Geosphere, v. 13, no. 3, p. 870-910, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01425.1.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"910","ipdsId":"IP-076788","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01425.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Taos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.71456909179686,\n 36.32950909247666\n ],\n [\n -105.53466796874999,\n 36.32950909247666\n ],\n [\n -105.53466796874999,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -105.71456909179686,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -105.71456909179686,\n 36.32950909247666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59327922e4b0e9bd0eab54ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Paul W.","contributorId":145562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelson, Keith I.","contributorId":192585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelson","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196587,"text":"70196587 - 2017 - Quantile regression of microgeographic variation in population characteristics of an invasive vertebrate predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-19T09:45:54","indexId":"70196587","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile regression of microgeographic variation in population characteristics of an invasive vertebrate predator","docAbstract":"Localized ecological conditions have the potential to induce variation in population characteristics such as size distributions and body conditions. The ability to generalize the influence of ecological characteristics on such population traits may be particularly meaningful when those traits influence prospects for successful management interventions. To characterize variability in invasive Brown Treesnake population attributes within and among habitat types, we conducted systematic and seasonally-balanced surveys, collecting 100 snakes from each of 18 sites: three replicates within each of six major habitat types comprising 95% of Guam’s geographic expanse. Our study constitutes one of the most comprehensive and controlled samplings of any published snake study. Quantile regression on snake size and body condition indicated significant ecological heterogeneity, with a general trend of relative consistency of size classes and body conditions within and among scrub and Leucaena forest habitat types and more heterogeneity among ravine forest, savanna, and urban residential sites. Larger and more robust snakes were found within some savanna and urban habitat replicates, likely due to relative availability of larger prey. Compared to more homogeneous samples in the wet season, variability in size distributions and body conditions was greater during the dry season. Although there is evidence of habitat influencing Brown Treesnake populations at localized scales (e.g., the higher prevalence of larger snakes—particularly males—in savanna and urban sites), the level of variability among sites within habitat types indicates little ability to make meaningful predictions about these traits at unsampled locations. Seasonal variability within sites and habitats indicates that localized population characterization should include sampling in both wet and dry seasons. Extreme values at single replicates occasionally influenced overall habitat patterns, while pooling replicates masked variability among sites. A full understanding of population characteristics should include an assessment of variability both at the site and habitat level.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0177671","usgsCitation":"Siers, S.R., Savidge, J.A., and Reed, R., 2017, Quantile regression of microgeographic variation in population characteristics of an invasive vertebrate predator: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177671.","productDescription":"e0177671; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-083442","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177671","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n 144.95773315429685,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n 144.95773315429685,\n 13.657997240451978\n ],\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.657997240451978\n ],\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.239945499286312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee86ce4b0da30c1bfc449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siers, Shane R.","contributorId":152305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, Julie A.","contributorId":175196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197052,"text":"70197052 - 2017 - A new mechanistic approach for the further development of a population with established size bimodality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T15:46:10","indexId":"70197052","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new mechanistic approach for the further development of a population with established size bimodality","docAbstract":"Usually, the origin of a within-cohort bimodal size distribution is assumed to be caused by initial size differences or by one discrete period of accelerated growth for one part of the population. The aim of this study was to determine if more continuous pathways exist allowing shifts from the small to the large fraction within a bimodal age-cohort. Therefore, a Eurasian perch population, which had already developed a bimodal size-distribution and had differential resource use of the two size-cohorts, was examined. Results revealed that formation of a bimodal size-distribution can be a continuous process. Perch from the small size-cohort were able to grow into the large size-cohort by feeding on macroinvertebrates not used by their conspecifics. The diet shifts were accompanied by morphological shape changes. Intra-specific competition seemed to trigger the development towards an increasing number of large individuals. A stage-structured matrix model confirmed these assumptions. The fact that bimodality can be a continuous process is important to consider for the understanding of ecological processes and links within ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0179339","usgsCitation":"Heerman, L., DeAngelis, D.L., and Borcherding, J., 2017, A new mechanistic approach for the further development of a population with established size bimodality: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179339.","productDescription":"e0179339; 18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-075347","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee86ce4b0da30c1bfc443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heerman, Lisa","contributorId":204891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heerman","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37006,"text":"Institute for Zoology of the University of Cologne, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borcherding, Jost","contributorId":204892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borcherding","given":"Jost","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37006,"text":"Institute for Zoology of the University of Cologne, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189556,"text":"70189556 - 2017 - Mangrove species' responses to winter air temperature extremes in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T11:15:43","indexId":"70189556","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove species' responses to winter air temperature extremes in China","docAbstract":"The global distribution and diversity of mangrove forests is greatly influenced by the frequency and intensity of winter air temperature extremes. However, our understanding of how different mangrove species respond to winter temperature extremes has been lacking because extreme freezing and chilling events are, by definition, relatively uncommon and also difficult to replicate experimentally. In this study, we investigated species-specific variation in mangrove responses to winter temperature extremes in China. In 10 sites that span a latitudinal gradient, we quantified species-specific damage and recovery following a chilling event, for mangrove species within and outside of their natural range (i.e., native and non-native species, respectively). To characterize plant stress, we measured tree defoliation and chlorophyll fluorescence approximately one month following the chilling event. To quantify recovery, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence approximately nine months after the chilling event. Our results show high variation in the geographic- and species-specific responses of mangroves to winter temperature extremes. While many species were sensitive to the chilling temperatures (e.g., Bruguiera sexangula and species in the Sonneratia and Rhizophora genera), the temperatures during this event were not cold enough to affect certain species (e.g., Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). As expected, non-native species were less tolerant of winter temperature extremes than native species. Interestingly, tidal inundation modulated the effects of chilling. In comparison with other temperature-controlled mangrove range limits across the world, the mangrove range limit in China is unique due to the combination of the following three factors: (1) Mangrove species diversity is comparatively high; (2) winter air temperature extremes, rather than means, are particularly intense and play an important ecological role; and (3) due to afforestation and restoration efforts, several species of non-native mangroves have been introduced beyond their natural range limits. Hence, from a global perspective, mangroves in China provide valuable opportunities to advance understanding of the effects of freezing and chilling temperatures on mangroves. Within the context of climate change, our findings provide a foundation for better understanding and preparing for mangrove species-specific responses to future changes in the duration and intensity of winter temperature extremes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1865","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Wang, W., Li, Q.Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Osland, M.J., Huang, J., and Peng, C., 2017, Mangrove species' responses to winter air temperature extremes in China: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 6, e01865; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1865.","productDescription":"e01865; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080209","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca2e4b0d1f9f062755a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Luzhen","contributorId":194706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Luzhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Wenqing","contributorId":194707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Wenqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Qingshun Q.","contributorId":194708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Qingshun","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Yihui","contributorId":194709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yihui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, Shengchang","contributorId":194710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Shengchang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Osland, Michael J. 0000-0001-9902-8692 mosland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":3080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","email":"mosland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huang, Jinliang","contributorId":194712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Jinliang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peng, Congjiao","contributorId":194711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Congjiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192192,"text":"70192192 - 2017 - Reexamining ultrafiltration and solute transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T13:33:16","indexId":"70192192","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reexamining ultrafiltration and solute transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"Geologic ultrafiltration—slowing of solutes with respect to flowing groundwater—poses a conundrum: it is consistently observed experimentally in clay-rich lithologies, but has been difficult to identify in subsurface data. Resolving this could be important for clarifying clay and shale transport properties at large scales as well as interpreting solute and isotope patterns for applications ranging from nuclear waste repository siting to understanding fluid transport in tectonically active environments. Simulations of one-dimensional NaCl transport across ultrafiltering clay membrane strata constrained by emerging data on geologic membrane properties showed different ultrafiltration effects than have often been envisioned. In relatively high-permeability advection-dominated regimes, salinity increases occurred mostly within membrane units while their effluent salinity initially fell and then rose to match solute delivery. In relatively low-permeability diffusion-dominated regimes, salinity peaked at the membrane upstream boundary and effluent salinity remained low. In both scenarios, however, only modest salinity changes (up to ∼3 g L−1) occurred because of self-limiting tendencies; membrane efficiency declines as salinity rises, and although sediment compaction increases efficiency, it is also decreases permeability and allows diffusive transport to dominate. It appears difficult for ultrafiltration to generate brines as speculated, but widespread and less extreme ultrafiltration effects in the subsurface could be unrecognized. Conditions needed for ultrafiltration are present in settings that include topographically-driven flow systems, confined aquifer systems subjected to injection or withdrawal, compacting basins, and accretionary complexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020492","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., and Person, M., 2017, Reexamining ultrafiltration and solute transport in groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 6, p. 4922-4941, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020492.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"4922","endPage":"4941","ipdsId":"IP-086146","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa7e4b0220bbd988f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, Mark","contributorId":197964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Person","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192846,"text":"70192846 - 2017 - The recent warming trend in North Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T10:49:13","indexId":"70192846","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The recent warming trend in North Greenland","docAbstract":"The Arctic is among the fastest warming regions on Earth, but it is also one with limited spatial coverage of multidecadal instrumental surface air temperature measurements. Consequently, atmospheric reanalyses are relatively unconstrained in this region, resulting in a large spread of estimated 30 year recent warming trends, which limits their use to investigate the mechanisms responsible for this trend. Here we present a surface temperature reconstruction over 1982–2011 at NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling Project, 51°W, 77°N), in North Greenland, based on the inversion of borehole temperature and inert gas isotope data. We find that NEEM has warmed by 2.7 ± 0.33°C over the past 30 years, from the long-term 1900–1970 average of −28.55 ± 0.29°C. The warming trend is principally caused by an increase in downward longwave heat flux. Atmospheric reanalyses underestimate this trend by 17%, underlining the need for more in situ observations to validate reanalyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL072212","usgsCitation":"Orsi, A.J., Kawamura, K., Masson-Delmotte, V., Fettweis, X., Box, J.E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Clow, G.D., Landais, A., and Severinghaus, J.P., 2017, The recent warming trend in North Greenland: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 12, p. 6235-6243, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072212.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6235","endPage":"6243","ipdsId":"IP-065150","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fbbde4b06e28e9c23538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orsi, Anais J.","contributorId":140705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orsi","given":"Anais","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kawamura, Kenji","contributorId":195041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kawamura","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masson-Delmotte, Valerie","contributorId":198808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masson-Delmotte","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fettweis, Xavier","contributorId":198810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fettweis","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Box, Jason E.","contributorId":198809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Box","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe","contributorId":198811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahl-Jensen","given":"Dorthe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landais, Amaelle","contributorId":198812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landais","given":"Amaelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":140715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Severinghaus","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70192641,"text":"70192641 - 2017 - Alternative foraging strategies enable a mountain ungulate to persist after migration loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T11:19:46","indexId":"70192641","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative foraging strategies enable a mountain ungulate to persist after migration loss","docAbstract":"The persistence of many migratory ungulate populations worldwide is threatened due to anthropogenic impacts to seasonal ranges and migration routes. While many studies have linked migratory ungulate declines to migration disruption or loss, very few have explored the underlying factors that determine whether a population perishes or persists. In some cases, populations undergo severe declines and extirpation after migration loss; however, others appear able to persist as residents. We predict that to persist, populations must replace the traditional benefits of migration by altering the foraging strategies they employ as residents within one seasonal range. We propose the alternative foraging strategies (AFS) hypothesis as a framework for identifying various behavioral strategies that populations may use to cope with migration loss. We tested the hypothesis using the formerly migratory Teton bighorn sheep population in northwest Wyoming, which ceased migrating over 60 yr ago, but has persisted as a resident population. We used global positioning system data to evaluate winter and summer habitat selection and seasonal elevational movements for 28 adult female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from 2008 to 2010. Resource selection functions revealed that bighorn sheep employ winter foraging strategies to survive as residents by seeking out rugged, high-elevation, windswept ridgelines. Seasonal movement analyses indicated that bighorn sheep undergo a newly documented “abbreviated migration” strategy that is closely synchronized with vegetation green-up patterns within their one range. Bighorn sheep descend 500 m in elevation and travel up to 10 km in spring, gaining access to newly emergent forage approximately 30 d before it appears on their high-elevation winter and summer ranges. Our findings indicate that the Teton bighorn sheep population has persisted due to its habitat selection, AFS, and unique movement patterns, which allow migration loss to be mediated to some extent. The identification of AFS and the habitats that support them can help reveal the underlying benefits of migration and conserve populations in the face of future migration loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1855","usgsCitation":"Courtemanch, A.B., Kauffman, M., Kilpatrick, S., and Dewey, S., 2017, Alternative foraging strategies enable a mountain ungulate to persist after migration loss: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1855.","productDescription":"Article e01855; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-084521","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1855","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Teton Mountain Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03744506835938,\n 43.43397432280115\n ],\n [\n -110.7147216796875,\n 43.43397432280115\n ],\n [\n -110.7147216796875,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -111.03744506835938,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -111.03744506835938,\n 43.43397432280115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e8dee4b09af898c8cbcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courtemanch, Alyson B.","contributorId":198651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtemanch","given":"Alyson","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35682,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Jackson, WY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":189179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpatrick, Steve","contributorId":198652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, Sarah","contributorId":145757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dewey","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":16229,"text":"National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, PO Drawer 170, Moose, WY 83012 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190739,"text":"70190739 - 2017 - Erosion characteristics and horizontal variability for small erosion depths in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T15:42:25","indexId":"70190739","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2923,"text":"Ocean Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion characteristics and horizontal variability for small erosion depths in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"Erodibility of cohesive sediment in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) was investigated with an erosion microcosm. Erosion depths in the Delta and in the microcosm were estimated to be about one floc diameter over a range of shear stresses and times comparable to half of a typical tidal cycle. Using the conventional assumption of horizontally homogeneous bed sediment, data from 27 of 34 microcosm experiments indicate that the erosion rate coefficient increased as eroded mass increased, contrary to theory. We believe that small erosion depths, erosion rate coefficient deviation from theory, and visual observation of horizontally varying biota and texture at the sediment surface indicate that erosion cannot solely be a function of depth but must also vary horizontally. We test this hypothesis by developing a simple numerical model that includes horizontal heterogeneity, use it to develop an artificial time series of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in an erosion microcosm, then analyze that time series assuming horizontal homogeneity. A shear vane was used to estimate that the horizontal standard deviation of critical shear stress was about 30% of the mean value at a site in the Delta. The numerical model of the erosion microcosm included a normal distribution of initial critical shear stress, a linear increase in critical shear stress with eroded mass, an exponential decrease of erosion rate coefficient with eroded mass, and a stepped increase in applied shear stress. The maximum SSC for each step increased gradually, thus confounding identification of a single well-defined critical shear stress as encountered with the empirical data. Analysis of the artificial SSC time series with the assumption of a homogeneous bed reproduced the original profile of critical shear stress, but the erosion rate coefficient increased with eroded mass, similar to the empirical data. Thus, the numerical experiment confirms the small-depth erosion hypothesis. A linear model of critical shear stress and eroded mass is proposed to simulate small-depth erosion, assuming that the applied and critical shear stresses quickly reach equilibrium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10236-017-1047-2","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Manning, A.J., and Work, P.A., 2017, Erosion characteristics and horizontal variability for small erosion depths in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA: Ocean Dynamics, v. 67, no. 6, p. 799-811, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-017-1047-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"811","ipdsId":"IP-053622","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-017-1047-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -121.27670288085938,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -121.27670288085938,\n 38.36211833953394\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 38.36211833953394\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 37.79676317682161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ba43b9e4b091459a5629ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew J.","contributorId":175079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Paul A. 0000-0002-2815-8040 pwork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-8040","contributorId":168561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Paul","email":"pwork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198079,"text":"70198079 - 2017 - The morphology of transverse aeolian ridges on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-13T10:08:52","indexId":"70198079","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The morphology of transverse aeolian ridges on Mars","docAbstract":"A preliminary survey of publicly released high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) produced by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identified transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) in 154 DTMs in latitudes from 50°S to 40°N. Consistent with previous surveys, the TARs identified in HiRISE DTMs are found at all elevations, irrespective of the regional thermal inertia of the surface. Ten DTMs were selected for measuring the characteristics of the TARs, including maximum height, mean height, mean spacing (wavelength), and the slope of the surface where they are located. We confined our measurements to features that were taller than 1 m and spaced more than 10 m apart.\n\nWe found a surprisingly wide variability of TAR sizes within each local region (typically 5 km by 25 km), with up to a factor of 7 difference in TAR wavelengths in a single DTM. The TAR wavelengths do not appear to be correlated to latitude or elevation, but the largest TARs in our small survey were found at lower elevations. The tallest TARs we measured were on the flat floor of Moni crater, within Kaiser crater in the southern highlands. These TARs are up to 14 m tall, with a typical wavelength of 120 m. TAR heights are weakly correlated with their wavelengths. The height-to-wavelength ratios for most TARs are far less than 1/2π (the maximum predicted for antidunes), however in two cases the ratio is close to 1/2π, and in one case (in the bend of a channel) the ratio exceeds 1/2π. TAR wavelengths are uncorrelated with surface slope, both on local and regional scales. TAR heights are weakly anti-correlated with local slope.\n\nThese results help constrain models of TAR formation, particularly a new hypothesis (Geissler, 2014) that suggests that TARs were formed from micron-sized dust that was transported in suspension. The lack of correlation between TAR wavelength and surface slope seems to rule out formation by gravity-driven dust flows such as avalanches or density currents, and suggests that the TARs were instead produced by the Martian winds.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.08.008","usgsCitation":"Geissler, P., and Wilgus, J., 2017, The morphology of transverse aeolian ridges on Mars: Aeolian Research, v. 26, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.08.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-073238","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc67ee4b0f5d57878eb86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geissler, Paul","contributorId":206262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilgus, Justin T.","contributorId":206263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilgus","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193287,"text":"70193287 - 2017 - Seasonal movements of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in western North America as revealed by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T16:38:03","indexId":"70193287","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonal movements of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in western North America as revealed by satellite telemetry","title":"Seasonal movements of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in western North America as revealed by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"The Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) is a widespread raptor whose abundance and distribution fluctuates in response to the varying amplitudes of its prey, which are predominately microtines. Previous efforts to describe the seasonal movements of Short-eared Owls have been hindered by few band recoveries and the species' cryptic and irruptive behavior. We attached satellite transmitters to adult Short-eared Owls at breeding areas in western and interior Alaska in June 2009 and July 2010, and tracked their movements for up to 19 mo. Owls initiated long-distance southward movements from Alaska and most followed a corridor east of the Rocky Mountains into the Prairie provinces and Great Plains states. Four owls followed a coastal route west of the Rocky Mountains, including one owl that crossed the Gulf of Alaska. Completed autumn migration distances ranged from 3205–6886 km (mean = 4722 ± 1156 km [SD]). Wintering areas spanned 21° of latitude from central Montana to southern Texas, and 24° of longitude from central California to western Kansas. Subsequent seasonal migrations were generally northward in spring and southward in autumn; these movements were comparatively short-distance (mean = 767.5 ± 517.4 km [SD]) and the owls exhibited low site fidelity. The Short-eared Owls we tracked from two relatively local breeding areas in Alaska used a patchwork of diverse open habitats across a large area of North America, which highlights that effective conservation of this species requires a collaborative, continental-scale focus.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-15-81.1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.A., Booms, T.L., DeCicco, L.H., and Douglas, D.C., 2017, Seasonal movements of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in western North America as revealed by satellite telemetry: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 51, no. 2, p. 115-128, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-15-81.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"128","ipdsId":"IP-064603","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-15-81.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd22e4b0531197b13c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James A.","contributorId":199284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booms, Travis L.","contributorId":199285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booms","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCicco, Lucas H.","contributorId":199286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193276,"text":"70193276 - 2017 - Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-11T15:17:58","indexId":"70193276","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"During breeding, foraging marine birds are under biological, geographic, and temporal constraints. These contraints require foraging birds to efficiently process environmental cues derived from physical habitat features that occur at nested spatial scales. Mesoscale oceanography in particular may change rapidly within and between breeding seasons, and findings from well-studied systems that relate oceanography to seabird foraging may transfer poorly to regions with substantially different oceanographic conditions. Our objective was to examine foraging behavior of a pan-tropical seabird, the Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra), in the understudied Caribbean province, a moderately productive region driven by highly dynamic currents and fronts. We tracked 135 individuals with GPS units during May 2013, November 2013, and December 2014 at a regionally important breeding colony in the southern Gulf of Mexico. We measured foraging behavior using characteristics of foraging trips and used area restricted search as a proxy for foraging events. Among individual attributes, nest stage contributed to differences in foraging behavior whereas sex did not. Birds searched for prey at nested hierarchical scales ranging from 200 m—35 km. Large-scale coastal and shelf-slope fronts shifted position between sampling periods and overlapped geographically with overall foraging locations. At small scales (at the prey patch level), the specific relationship between environmental variables and foraging behavior was highly variable among individuals but general patterns emerged. Sea surface height anomaly and velocity of water were the strongest predictors of area restricted search behavior in random forest models, a finding that is consistent with the characterization of the Gulf of Mexico as an energetic system strongly influenced by currents and eddies. Our data may be combined with tracking efforts in the Caribbean province and across tropical regions to advance understanding of seabird sensing of the environment and serve as a baseline for anthropogenic based threats such as development, pollution, and commercial fisheries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0178318","usgsCitation":"Poli, C.L., Harrison, A., Vallarino, A., Gerard, P.D., and Jodice, P.G., 2017, Dynamic oceanography determines fine scale foraging behavior of Masked Boobies in the Gulf of Mexico: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 6, Article e0178318; 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178318.","productDescription":"Article e0178318; 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079143","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Isla Muertos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.83932495117188,\n 22.328481987166487\n ],\n [\n -89.57290649414062,\n 22.328481987166487\n ],\n [\n -89.57290649414062,\n 22.590556292249634\n ],\n [\n -89.83932495117188,\n 22.590556292249634\n ],\n [\n -89.83932495117188,\n 22.328481987166487\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e8d2e4b09af898c8cbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poli, Caroline L.","contributorId":199252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poli","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":33234,"text":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Autumn-Lynn","contributorId":199253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Autumn-Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17600,"text":"Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallarino, Adriana","contributorId":199254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vallarino","given":"Adriana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35488,"text":"Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Unidad Merida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerard, Patrick D.","contributorId":199255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerard","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":33234,"text":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188094,"text":"70188094 - 2017 - Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T12:15:49","indexId":"70188094","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications","docAbstract":"Habitat destruction and infectious disease are dual threats to nature and people. The potential to simultaneously advance conservation and human health has attracted considerable scientific and popular interest; in particular, many authors have justified conservation action by pointing out potential public health benefits . One major focus of this debate—that biodiversity conservation often decreases infectious disease transmission via the dilution effect—remains contentious. Studies that test for a dilution effect often find a negative association between a diversity metric and a disease risk metric, but how such associations should inform conservation policy remains unclear for several reasons. For one, diversity and infection risk have many definitions, making it possible to identify measures that conform to expectations. Furthermore, the premise that habitat destruction consistently reduces biodiversity is in question, and disturbance or conservation can affect disease in many ways other than through biodiversity change. To date, few studies have examined the broader set of mechanisms by which anthropogenic disturbance or conservation might increase or decrease infectious disease risk to human populations. Due to interconnections between biodiversity change, economics and human behaviour, moving from ecological theory to policy action requires understanding how social and economic factors affect conservation.
This Theme Issue arose from a meeting aimed at synthesizing current theory and data on ‘biodiversity, conservation and infectious disease’ (4–6 May 2015). Ecologists, evolutionary biologists, economists, epidemiologists, veterinary scientists, public health professionals, and conservation biologists from around the world discussed the latest research on the ecological and socio-economic links between conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease, and the open questions and controversies in these areas. By combining ecological understanding with insights from the social and economic sciences, the papers in this Theme Issue address the complex relationships, patterns and ecological mechanisms that influence conservation, infectious disease, and the policy options available to protect nature and human health.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2016.0124","usgsCitation":"Young, H.S., Wood, C.L., Kilpatrick, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., Nunn, C.L., and Vincent, J.R., 2017, Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 372, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0124.","productDescription":"Article 20160124; 4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","ipdsId":"IP-083990","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"372","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd637e4b0e9bd0ea896be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Hillary S.","contributorId":53711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13007,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Chelsea L.","contributorId":192504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpatrick, A. Marm","contributorId":139721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marm","affiliations":[{"id":12892,"text":"Dept of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nunn, Charles L.","contributorId":192505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nunn","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vincent, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":192506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vincent","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70188087,"text":"70188087 - 2017 - Responses of juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a commercially produced oral plague vaccine delivered at two doses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-08T11:44:30","indexId":"70188087","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Responses of juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a commercially produced oral plague vaccine delivered at two doses","title":"Responses of juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a commercially produced oral plague vaccine delivered at two doses","docAbstract":"We confirmed safety and immunogenicity of mass-produced vaccine baits carrying an experimental, commercial-source plague vaccine (RCN-F1/V307) expressing Yersinia pestis V and F1 antigens. Forty-five juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=15 animals/group). Animals in the first group received one standard-dose vaccine bait (5×107 plaque-forming units [pfu]; STD). The second group received a lower-dose bait (1×107 pfu; LOW). In the third group, five animals received two standard-dose baits and 10 were left untreated but in contact. Two vaccine-treated and one untreated prairie dogs died during the study, but laboratory analyses ruled out vaccine involvement. Overall, 17 of 33 (52%; 95% confidence interval for binomial proportion [bCI] 34−69%) prairie dogs receiving vaccine-laden bait showed a positive anti-V antibody response on at least one sampling occasion after bait consumption, and eight (24%; bCI 11–42%) showed sustained antibody responses. The STD and LOW groups did not differ (P≥0.78) in their proportions of overall or sustained antibody responses after vaccine bait consumption. Serum from one of the nine (11%; bCI 0.3–48%) surviving untreated, in-contact prairie dogs also had detectable antibody on one sampling occasion. We did not observe any adverse effects related to oral vaccination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2017-02-033","usgsCitation":"Cardenas-Canales, E.M., Wolfe, L.L., W., T.D., Rocke, T.E., Abbott, R.C., and Miller, M.W., 2017, Responses of juvenile black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) to a commercially produced oral plague vaccine delivered at two doses: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 53, no. 4, p. 916-920, https://doi.org/10.7589/2017-02-033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"920","ipdsId":"IP-084994","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/2017-02-033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd637e4b0e9bd0ea896c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardenas-Canales, Elsa M.","contributorId":192489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardenas-Canales","given":"Elsa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, Lisa L.","contributorId":192490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"W., Tripp. Daniel","contributorId":192491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"W.","given":"Tripp.","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abbott, Rachel C. 0000-0003-4820-9295 rabbott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":1183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","email":"rabbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":65218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70188114,"text":"70188114 - 2017 - Predation of freshwater fish in environments with elevated carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T12:44:50","indexId":"70188114","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation of freshwater fish in environments with elevated carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) in fresh-water environments is poorly understood, yet in marine environments CO2 can affect fish behaviour, including predator–prey relationships. To examine changes in predator success in elevated CO2, we experimented with predatory Micropterus salmoides and Pimephales promelas prey. We used a two-factor fully crossed experimental design; one factor was 4-day (acclimation) CO2 concentration and the second factor CO2 concentration during 20-min predation experiments. Both factors had three treatment levels, including ambient partial pressure of CO2(pCO2; 0–1000 μatm), low pCO2 (4000–5000 μatm) and high pCO2 (8000–10 000 μatm). Micropterus salmoides was exposed to both factors, whereas P. promelas was not exposed to the acclimation factor. In total, 83 of the 96 P. promelas were consumed (n = 96 trials) and we saw no discernible effect of CO2 on predator success or time to predation. Failed strikes and time between failed strikes were too infrequent to model. Compared with marine systems, our findings are unique in that we not only saw no changes in prey capture success with increasing CO2, but we also used CO2 treatments that were substantially higher than those in past experiments. Our work demonstrated a pronounced resiliency of freshwater predators to elevated CO2 exposure, and a starting point for future work in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF16156","usgsCitation":"Midway, S.R., Hasler, C.T., Wagner, T., and Suski, C., 2017, Predation of freshwater fish in environments with elevated carbon dioxide: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, p. 1585-1592, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16156.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1585","endPage":"1592","ipdsId":"IP-074164","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd632e4b0e9bd0ea89698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Midway, Stephen R.","contributorId":172159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasler, Caleb T.","contributorId":190150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasler","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suski, C. D.","contributorId":190151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suski","given":"C.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188075,"text":"70188075 - 2017 - Relationships between gas field development and the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:14:26","indexId":"70188075","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between gas field development and the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming","docAbstract":"More than 5957 km2 in southwestern Wyoming is currently covered by operational gas fields, and further development is projected through 2030. Gas fields fragment landscapes through conversion of native vegetation to roads, well pads, pipeline corridors, and other infrastructure elements. The sagebrush steppe landscape where most of this development is occurring harbors 24 sagebrush-associated species of greatest conservation need, but the effects of gas energy development on most of these species are unknown. Pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) are one such species. In 2011, we began collecting three years of survey data to examine the relationship between gas field development density and pygmy rabbit site occupancy patterns on four major Wyoming gas fields (Continental Divide–Creston–Blue Gap, Jonah, Moxa Arch, Pinedale Anticline Project Area). We surveyed 120 plots across four gas fields, with plots distributed across the density gradient of gas well pads on each field. In a 1 km radius around the center of each plot, we measured the area covered by each of 10 gas field infrastructure elements and by shrub cover using 2012 National Agriculture Imagery Program imagery. We then modeled the relationship between gas field elements, pygmy rabbit presence, and two indices of pygmy rabbit abundance. Gas field infrastructure elements—specifically buried utility corridors and a complex of gas well pads, adjacent disturbed areas, and well pad access roads—were negatively correlated with pygmy rabbit presence and abundance indices, with sharp declines apparent after approximately 2% of the area consisted of gas field infrastructure. We conclude that pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming may be sensitive to gas field development at levels similar to those observed for greater sage-grouse, and may suffer local population declines at lower levels of development than are allowed in existing plans and policies designed to conserve greater sage-grouse by limiting the surface footprint of energy development. Buried utilities, gas well pads, areas adjacent to well pads, and well pad access roads had the strongest negative correlation with pygmy rabbit presence and abundance. Minimizing the surface footprint of these elements may reduce negative impacts of gas energy development on pygmy rabbits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1817","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S.S., Carter, S.K., Ignizio, D.A., and Freeman, A.T., 2017, Relationships between gas field development and the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 5, e01817: 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1817.","productDescription":"e01817: 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080749","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1817","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BR8QDD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Analysis of Land Disturbance and Pygmy Rabbit Occupancy Values Associated With Oil and Gas Extraction in Southwestern Wyoming, 2012"},{"id":341871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84b7e4b092b266f10d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, Stephen S. 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":192417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephen","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":139842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Aaron T. 0000-0001-9395-5604 afreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-5604","contributorId":5293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Aaron","email":"afreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187982,"text":"70187982 - 2017 - Land use history and population dynamics of free-standing figs in a maturing forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T11:05:42","indexId":"70187982","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use history and population dynamics of free-standing figs in a maturing forest","docAbstract":"Figs (Ficus sp.) are often considered as keystone resources which strongly influence tropical forest ecosystems. We used long-term tree-census data to track the population dynamics of two abundant free-standing fig species, Ficus insipida and F. yoponensis, on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), a 15.6-km2 island in Lake Gatún, Panama. Vegetation cover on BCI consists of a mosaic of old growth (>400 years) and maturing (about 90–150 year old) secondary rainforest. Locations and conditions of fig trees have been mapped and monitored on BCI for more than 35 years (1973–2011), with a focus on the Lutz Catchment area (25 ha). The original distribution of the fig trees shortly after the construction of the Panama Canal was derived from an aerial photograph from 1927 and was compared with previous land use and forest status. The distribution of both fig species (~850 trees) is restricted to secondary forest. Of the original 119 trees observed in Lutz Catchment in 1973, >70% of F. insipida and >90% of F. yoponensis had died by 2011. Observations in other areas on BCI support the trend of declining free-standing figs. We interpret the decline of these figs on BCI as a natural process within a maturing tropical lowland forest. Senescence of the fig trees appears to have been accelerated by severe droughts such as the strong El Niño event in the year 1982/83. Because figs form such an important food resource for frugivores, this shift in resource availability is likely to have cascading effects on frugivore populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0177060","usgsCitation":"Albrecht, L., Stallard, R.F., and Kalko, E., 2017, Land use history and population dynamics of free-standing figs in a maturing forest: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177060.","productDescription":"e0177060; 18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-087054","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59293e92e4b016f7a94076e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albrecht, Larissa","contributorId":192297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albrecht","given":"Larissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalko, Elisabeth","contributorId":192298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalko","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189009,"text":"70189009 - 2017 - Avian influenza virus RNA in groundwater wells supplying poultry farms affected by the 2015 influenza outbreak","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T10:25:34","indexId":"70189009","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5022,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","onlineIssn":"2328-8930","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza virus RNA in groundwater wells supplying poultry farms affected by the 2015 influenza outbreak","docAbstract":"During the 2015 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus\n(HPAI) on poultry farms in the midwestern United States, concern was raised\nabout the potential for HPAI to contaminate groundwater. Our study objective was to evaluate the occurrence of HPAI in the groundwater supply wells on 13 outbreak-affected poultry farms in Iowa and Wisconsin. We sampled 20 wells, six waste-storage lagoons, and one pond. Three wells and one lagoon were positive for the matrix gene indicative of influenza A virus. Using a semi-nested qPCR assay specific to the H5 HPAI outbreak strain, one well was H5-positive, matching the outbreak virus hemagglutinin gene. Matrix gene-positive samples analyzed for avian influenza virus (AIV) by cell culture and embryonating egg culture were negative. Seven wells were positive by PCR for a poultry-specific parvovirus, thus providing corroborating evidence of virus transport pathways between poultry fecal wastes and groundwater. Our data suggest it is possible for AIV to be transported to groundwater, and during an outbreak, the potential for poultry farm wells to become contaminated with AIV should be considered.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00128","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M.A., Spencer, S.K., Hubbard, L.E., Firnstahl, A.D., Stokdyk, J.P., and Kolpin, D.W., 2017, Avian influenza virus RNA in groundwater wells supplying poultry farms affected by the 2015 influenza outbreak: Environmental Science & Technology Letters, v. 4, no. 7, p. 268-272, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00128.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-078487","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, 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