No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","conferenceDate":"August 19-21, 2003","conferenceLocation":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Headquarters ","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Leavesley, G.H., 2003, USGS overview of research activities for evaluating uncertainty, in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Headquarters , August 19-21, 2003, p. 19-20.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"19","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0434/ML043440445.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82fe4b0d1f9f060a1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":704996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57940,"text":"cir1271 - 2003 - A cost-benefit analysis of The National Map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"cir1271","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1271","title":"A cost-benefit analysis of The National Map","docAbstract":"The Geography Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted this cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of The National Map. This analysis is an evaluation of the proposed Geography Discipline initiative to provide the Nation with a mechanism to access current and consistent digital geospatial data. This CBA is a supporting document to accompany the Exhibit 300 Capital Asset Plan and Business Case of The National Map Reengineering Program. \r\n\r\nThe framework for estimating the benefits is based on expected improvements in processing information to perform any of the possible applications of spatial data. This analysis does not attempt to determine the benefits and costs of performing geospatial-data applications. Rather, it estimates the change in the differences between those benefits and costs with The National Map and the current situation without it. The estimates of total costs and benefits of The National Map were based on the projected implementation time, development and maintenance costs, rates of data inclusion and integration, expected usage levels over time, and a benefits estimation model. \r\n\r\nThe National Map provides data that are current, integrated, consistent, complete, and more accessible in order to decrease the cost of implementing spatial-data applications and (or) improve the outcome of those applications. The efficiency gains in per-application improvements are greater than the cost to develop and maintain The National Map, meaning that the program would bring a positive net benefit to the Nation. The average improvement in the net benefit of performing a spatial data application was multiplied by a simulated number of application implementations across the country. The numbers of users, existing applications, and rates of application implementation increase over time as The National Map is developed and accessed by spatial data users around the country. \r\n\r\nResults from the 'most likely' estimates of model parameters and data inputs indicate that, over its 30-year projected lifespan, The National Map will bring a net present value (NPV) of benefits of $2.05 billion in 2001 dollars. The average time until the initial investments (the break-even period) are recovered is 14 years. Table ES-1 shows a running total of NPV in each year of the simulation model. In year 14, The National Map first shows a positive NPV, and so the table is highlighted in gray after that point. Figure ES-1 is a graph of the total benefit and total cost curves of a single model run over time. The curves cross in year 14, when the project breaks even. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables illustrated that these results of the NPV of The National Map are quite robust. Figure ES-2 plots the mean NPV results from 60 different scenarios, each consisting of fifty 30-year runs. The error bars represent a two-standard-deviation range around each mean. \r\n\r\nThe analysis that follows contains the details of the cost-benefit analysis, the framework for evaluating economic benefits, a computational simulation tool, and a sensitivity analysis of model variables and values.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1271","usgsCitation":"Halsing, D.L., Theissen, K., and Bernknopf, R., 2003, A cost-benefit analysis of The National Map: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1271, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1271.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db5449fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halsing, David L.","contributorId":35809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsing","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theissen, Kevin","contributorId":107779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theissen","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53980,"text":"wri034038 - 2003 - Resurvey of quality of surface water and bottom material of the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T10:42:24","indexId":"wri034038","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4038","title":"Resurvey of quality of surface water and bottom material of the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"The quality of water and bottom material in the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana, was surveyed from March 1999 to May 2000. Organochlorine, chlorophenoxy acid, and organophosphorus pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's); and trace elements were analyzed in surface water and bottom material from three sites previously sampled in a 1981-82 survey. Surface water at six sites was sampled and analyzed for selected nutrients and major inorganic ions based on their importance to human health, the health of the marshes of the Barataria Preserve, or their usefulness in tracking the circulation of Mississippi River water in the Barataria Preserve. Southern Louisiana was in a moderate to severe drought during most of the sampling period, which elevated salinity in the Barataria Preserve for at least 8 months. Specific conductance values were less than 3,000 µS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) in surface water throughout the Barataria Preserve from March through September 1999. Specific conductance values increased over the next 2 months and then remained between 5,000 and 6,000 µS/cm. The herbicide 2,4-D was detected in water at the two sites sampled in August 1999 but not at any site during the two other sampling times. Iron, manganese, and the trace elements copper, nickel, and zinc were detected in dissolved and whole-water samples at all three sites. Nitrite+ nitrate, as nitrogen, concentrations ranged from less than 0.002 to 0.19 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Ammonia, as nitrogen, concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.16 mg/L. Orthophosphate, as phosphorus, concentrations ranged from less than 0.002 to 0.14 mg/L. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate, and chloride concentrations in surface water were elevated due to the marine influence on the composition of surface water in the Barataria Preserve during the sampling period. Sulfate and chloride concentrations reached 379 and 2,830 mg/L, respectively. Polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordane, and DDT were detected in bottom material. Trace elements were detected in bottom material at all three of the sampled sites. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 4 to 9 µg/g (micrograms per gram) and lead concentrations from 20 to 31 µg/g. Mercury concentrations also were above laboratory reporting levels (LRL's) for bottom material at all three sites. The herbicide 2,4-D was detected in surface water during both surveys. Other organic compounds were not detected in surface water. Mercury and chromium were detected in surface water at all three sites during the 1981-82 survey but were below LRL?s during the 1999-2000 survey. Changes in chemical characteristics of bottom material occurred during the years between the 1981-82 and 1999-2000 surveys. DDT decreased in the bottom material at Bayou Segnette near Barataria. DDE, a degradation product, increased at this site, indicating that over time, DDT concentrations are decreasing in bottom material. PCB's were present in similar concentrations (Bayou Segnette near Barataria) or increased (Bayou Segnette 4.6 miles below Westwego) from 1981-82 to 1999-2000. Cadmium concentrations consistently decreased by half or more at all three sites from 1981-82 to 1999-2000. Mercury concentrations were consistently lower at all three sites in the 1999-2000 survey, but the differences from the 1981-82 survey were small. Chromium concentrations increased at two of the three sites from 1981-82 to the present survey. At the third site, no chromium value was available for the earlier survey. Concentrations of copper and nickel increased in bottom material at the two sites on Bayou Segnette, but decreased at Kenta Canal northwest of Westwego. Probable Effects Levels (PEL's) and Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQG's) concentrations, as tabulated by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the of the Environment, were used to assess the probability of biological impairment in the Barataria Preserve. PEL’s are concentrations of a chemical at or above which some biological impairment is likely. ISQG concentrations are those at or below which biological impairment is unlikely. Concentrations of 2,4-D and trace elements, when detected in surface water, were substantially lower than levels at which biological impairment could be expected. Concentrations of organic compounds in bottom material were at most less than 25 percent of PEL’s, and usually much lower. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead concentrations in bottom material were generally slightly above or lower than ISQG concentrations in both surveys, although arsenic was as high as 53 percent of PEL’s at one site in the 1999-2000 survey. All other trace elements in bottom material were present in concentrations lower than ISQG concentrations.
Streamflow is a component of aquatic ecosystem health, and long-term alteration of streamflow characteristics can produce large changes in aquatic ecosystem structure and function. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of aquatic ecosystems are all affected by the magnitude and frequency of streamflow. For example, the physical structure (hydrogeomorphology) of aquatic habitats is a property of the interaction between streamflow magnitude and frequency and the physical landscape (Leopold and others, 1992). Chemical processes are affected by changes in water residence time, which is a function of streamflow. Similarly, the structure and function of biological communities associated with stream ecosystems depend in large part on the hydrologic regime (Poff and Ward, 1989, 1990; Sparks, 1992). Within-year variation in streamflow is essential to the survival, growth, and reproduction of aquatic species. Altering streamflow magnitude and frequency and within-year variability has the potential to modify critical aspects of the physical habitat (Bain and others, 1988).
Documenting the degree to which streamflow has been modified by the cumulative effects of water development is critical to assessing aquatic ecosystem health. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, conducted a study of the application of the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) methods developed by Richter and others (1996, 1997) to identify streams at risk for biological impairment from the loss of streamflow-dependent habitat. This report provides a brief overview of selected IHA methods for assessing hydrologic alteration; presents examples that illustrate the application of the methods using streamflow data from a subset of USGS stations in the Trinity River Basin, Texas, analyzed in the study; and addresses applicability of the methods statewide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12803","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Kiesling, R.L., 2003, Applying indicators of hydrologic alteration to Texas streams: overview of methods with examples from the Trinity River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 128-03, HTML document; Report: 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12803.","productDescription":"HTML document; Report: 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_128_03.bmp"},{"id":5095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs12803/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs12803/pdf/FS_128-03.pdf","text":"Report","size":"920 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -97.66845703124999,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -96.61376953125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -96.08642578125,\n 33.26624989076275\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -95.33935546875,\n 32.34284135639302\n ],\n [\n -95.25146484374999,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -94.85595703125,\n 31.109388560814963\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 28.013801376380712\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 27.6251403350933\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.588527147308614\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 26.470573022375085\n ],\n [\n -97.66845703124999,\n 26.86328062676624\n ],\n [\n -97.6025390625,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 28.401064827220896\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 32.1570124860701\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -98.7451171875,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -99.11865234374999,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -98.9208984375,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54087,"text":"wri034281 - 2003 - Atlas of interoccurrence intervals for selected thresholds of daily precipitation in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:02:50","indexId":"wri034281","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4281","title":"Atlas of interoccurrence intervals for selected thresholds of daily precipitation in Texas","docAbstract":"A Poisson process model is used to define the distribution of interoccurrence intervals of daily precipitation in Texas. A precipitation interoccurrence interval is the time period between two successive rainfall events. Rainfall events are defined as daily precipitation equaling or exceeding a specified depth threshold. Ten precipitation thresholds are considered: 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 inches. Site-specific mean interoccurrence interval and ancillary statistics are presented for each threshold and for each of 1,306 National Weather Service daily precipitation gages. Maps depicting the spatial variation across Texas of the mean interoccurrence interval for each threshold are presented. The percent change from the statewide standard deviation of the interoccurrence intervals to the root-mean-square error ranges from a magnitude minimum of (negative) -24 to a magnitude maximum of -60 percent for the 0.05- and 2.0-inch thresholds, respectively. Because of the substantial negative percent change, the maps are considered more reliable estimators of the mean interoccurrence interval for most locations in Texas than the statewide mean values.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034281","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Roussel, M.C., 2003, Atlas of interoccurrence intervals for selected thresholds of daily precipitation in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4281, iv; 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034281.","productDescription":"iv; 204 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2003_4281.jpg"},{"id":5527,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4281/pdf/wri03-4281.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.1 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66948e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53158,"text":"fs10503 - 2003 - Nutrients in the upper Mississippi River : scientific information to support management decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"fs10503","displayToPublicDate":"2004-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"105-03","title":"Nutrients in the upper Mississippi River : scientific information to support management decisions","docAbstract":"Studies of processes provide information for improved understanding of nutrient sources, cycling, and transport. This information can be used to improve model development and aid in management decisions for the protection of water quality and habitat.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs10503","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Nutrients in the upper Mississippi River : scientific information to support management decisions: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 105-03, 1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10503.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-105-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_105_03.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53704,"text":"wri034272 - 2003 - Geochemistry of the Birch Creek Drainage Basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-15T01:02:00","indexId":"wri034272","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4272","title":"Geochemistry of the Birch Creek Drainage Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Survey and Idaho State University, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, are conducting studies to describe the chemical character of ground water that moves as underflow from drainage basins into the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer (ESRPA) system at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and the effects of these recharge waters on the geochemistry of the ESRPA system. Each of these recharge waters has a hydrochemical character related to geochemical processes, especially water-rock interactions, that occur during migration to the ESRPA. Results of these studies will benefit ongoing and planned geochemical modeling of the ESRPA at the INEEL by providing model input on the hydrochemical character of water from each drainage basin.\r\n\r\nDuring 2000, water samples were collected from five wells and one surface-water site in the Birch Creek drainage basin and analyzed for selected inorganic constituents, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, tritium, measurements of gross alpha and beta radioactivity, and stable isotopes. Four duplicate samples also were collected for quality assurance. Results, which include analyses of samples previously collected from four other sites, in the basin, show that most water from the Birch Creek drainage basin has a calcium-magnesium bicarbonate character. \r\n\r\nThe Birch Creek Valley can be divided roughly into three hydrologic areas. In the northern part, ground water is forced to the surface by a basalt barrier and the sampling sites were either surface water or shallow wells. Water chemistry in this area was characterized by simple evaporation models, simple calcite-carbon dioxide models, or complex models involving carbonate and silicate minerals. The central part of the valley is filled by sedimentary material and the sampling sites were wells that are deeper than those in the northern part. Water chemistry in this area was characterized by simple calcite-dolomite-carbon dioxide models. In the southern part, ground water enters the ESRPA. In this area, the sampling sites were wells with depths and water levels much deeper than those in the northern and central parts of the valley. The calcium and carbon water chemistry in this area was characterized by a simple calcite-carbon dioxide model, but complex calcite-silicate models more accurately accounted for mass transfer in these areas.\r\n\r\nThroughout the geochemical system, calcite precipitated if it was an active phase in the models. Carbon dioxide either precipitated (outgassed) or dissolved depending on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water from the modeled sites. Dolomite was an active phase only in models from the central part of the system. Generally the entire geochemical system could be modeled with either evaporative models, carbonate models, or carbonate-silicate models. In both of the latter types of models, a significant amount of calcite precipitated relative to the mass transfer to and from the other active phases. The amount of calcite precipitated in the more complex models was consistent with the amount of calcite precipitated in the simpler models. This consistency suggests that, although the simpler models can predict calcium and carbon concentrations in Birch Creek Valley ground and surface water, silicate-mineral-based models are required to account for the other constituents. The amount of mass transfer to and from the silicate mineral phases was generally small compared with that in the carbonate phases. It appears that the water chemistry of well USGS 126B represents the chemistry of water recharging the ESRPA by means of underflow from the Birch Creek Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Idaho Falls, ID","doi":"10.3133/wri034272","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.A., Rosentreter, J.J., Bartholomay, R.C., and Knobel, L.L., 2003, Geochemistry of the Birch Creek Drainage Basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4272, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034272.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5046,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034272","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Birch Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,44.5 ], [ -112,44.5 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Shawn A.","contributorId":63873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosentreter, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":106161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosentreter","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53823,"text":"fs12603 - 2003 - Selected applications of hydrologic science and research in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"fs12603","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"126-03","title":"Selected applications of hydrologic science and research in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., 2001-2003","docAbstract":"One of the roles of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide reliable water data and unbiased water science needed to describe and understand the Nation?s water resources. This fact sheet describes selected techniques that were used by the USGS to collect, transmit, evaluate, or interpret data, in support of investigations that describe the quantity and quality of water resources in Maryland (MD), Delaware (DE), and the District of Columbia (D.C.). These hydrologic investigations generally were performed in cooperation with universities, research centers, and other Federal, State, and local Government agencies.\r\n\r\nThe applications of hydrologic science and research that were selected for this fact sheet were used or tested in the MD-DE-DC District from 2001 through 2003, and include established methods, new approaches, and preliminary research. The USGS usually relies on standard methods or protocols when conducting water-resources research. Occasionally, traditional methods must be modified to address difficult environmental questions or challenging sampling conditions. Technologies developed for other purposes can sometimes be successfully applied to the collection or dissemination of water-resources data. The USGS is continually exploring new ways to collect, transmit, evaluate, and interpret data. The following applications of hydrologic science and research illustrate a few of the recent advances made by scientists working for and with the USGS.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs12603","usgsCitation":"Olsen, L., 2003, Selected applications of hydrologic science and research in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., 2001-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 126-03, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12603.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9065,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs126-03/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53192,"text":"wri034172 - 2003 - Application of Tracer-Injection Techniques to Demonstrate Surface-Water and Ground-Water Interactions Between an Alpine Stream and the North Star Mine, Upper Animas River Watershed, Southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wri034172","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4172","title":"Application of Tracer-Injection Techniques to Demonstrate Surface-Water and Ground-Water Interactions Between an Alpine Stream and the North Star Mine, Upper Animas River Watershed, Southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Tracer-injection studies were done in Belcher Gulch in the upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, to determine whether the alpine stream infiltrates into underground mine workings of the North Star Mine and other nearby mines in the area. The tracer-injection studies were designed to determine if and where along Belcher Gulch the stream infiltrates into the mine. Four separate tracer-injec-tion tests were done using lithium bromide (LiBr), optical brightener dye, and sodium chloride (NaCl) as tracer solu-tions. Two of the tracers (LiBr and dye) were injected con-tinuously for 24 hours, one of the NaCl tracers was injected continuously for 12 hours, and one of the NaCl tracers was injected over a period of 1 hour. Concentration increases of tracer constituents were detected in water discharging from the North Star Mine, substantiating a surface-water and ground-water connection between Belcher Gulch and the North Star Mine. Different timing and magnitude of tracer breakthroughs indicated multiple flow paths with different residence times from the stream to the mine. The Pittsburgh and Sultan Mines were thought to physically connect to the North Star Mine, but tracer breakthroughs were inconclusive in water from these mines. From the tracer-injection tests and synoptic measure-ments of streamflow discharge, a conceptual model was devel-oped for surface-water and ground-water interactions between Belcher Gulch and the North Star Mine. This information, combined with previous surface geophysical surveys indicat-ing the presence of subsurface voids, may assist with decision-making process for preventing infiltration and for the remedia-tion of mine drainage from these mines.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034172","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Moore, B., 2003, Application of Tracer-Injection Techniques to Demonstrate Surface-Water and Ground-Water Interactions Between an Alpine Stream and the North Star Mine, Upper Animas River Watershed, Southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4172, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034172.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Winfield G.","contributorId":27044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Winfield","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53188,"text":"wri034144 - 2003 - Hydrology, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient yields in nearshore areas of four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T13:15:27","indexId":"wri034144","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4144","title":"Hydrology, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient yields in nearshore areas of four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"The effects of shoreline development on water quality and nutrient yields in nearshore areas of four lakes in northern Wisconsin were investigated from October 1999 through September 2001. The study measured surface runoff and ground-water flows from paired developed (sites containing lawn, rooftops, sidewalks, and driveways) and undeveloped (mature and immature woods) catchments adjacent to four lakes in northern Wisconsin. Water samples from surface runoff and ground water were collected and analyzed for nutrients. Coupled with water volumes, loads and subsequent yields of selected constituents were computed for developed and undeveloped catchments. The median runoff from lawn surfaces ranged from 0.0019 to 0.059 inch over the catchment area. Median surface runoff estimates from the wooded catchments were an order of magnitude less than those from the lawn catchments. The increased water volumes from the lawn catchments resulted in greater nutrient loads and subsequent annual nutrient yields from the developed sites. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at two sites with mixed lawn and wooded areas. At both of these sites, the area covered with a lawn commonly was warmer than the wooded area. No consistent differences in soil moisture were found. A ground-water model was constructed to simulate the local flow systems at two of the paired catchments. Model simulations showed that much of the ground water delivered to the lake originated from distant areas that did not contribute runoff directly to the lake. Surface runoff and ground-water nutrient concentrations from the lawn and wooded catchments did not have apparent patterns. Some of the median concentrations from lawns were significantly different (at the 0.05 significance level) from those at wooded catchments. Water wells and piezometers were sampled for chemical analyses three times during the study period. Variability in the shallow ground-water chemistry over time in the lawn samples was larger than samples from the wooded areas and upgradient wells. Median nutrient yields in surface runoff from lawns always were greater than those from the wooded catchments. Runoff volumes were the most important factor in determining whether lawns or wooded catchments contribute more nutrients to the lake. The ground-water system had appreciable nutrient concentrations, and are likely an important pathway for nutrient transport to the lake. The nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen and total phosphorus yields to the ground-water system from a lawn catchment were approximately 3 to 4 times greater than those from the wooded catchment. There was no difference in the yields of dissolved inorganic phosphorus to the ground-water system from the lawn and wooded catchments. Study results demonstrate that choosing the appropriate landscape position for locating lawns in sloped areas (specifically, slopes that do not terminate at the lake or areas with intervening flat or buffer zones between lawn and lake) can help reduce the adverse effect of lawns on the shallow ground water and, ultimately, the lake. Additional information would be needed to extrapolate these results to a large drainage area of a lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034144","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, Hydrology, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient yields in nearshore areas of four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4144, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034144.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311309,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir-03-4144/pdf/wrir-03-4144.pdf"},{"id":4784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir-03-4144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Forest County, Oneida County, Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Anvil Lake, Butternut Lake, Kentuck Lake, Lower Ninemile Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.14581298828125,\n 45.867540841540254\n ],\n [\n -89.14581298828125,\n 46.01436975297069\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 46.01436975297069\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 45.867540841540254\n ],\n [\n -89.14581298828125,\n 45.867540841540254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6670fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greb, Steven R.","contributorId":29010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":246862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53106,"text":"fs10403 - 2003 - LakeVOC; A Computer Model to Estimate the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Lakes and Reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"fs10403","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"104-03","title":"LakeVOC; A Computer Model to Estimate the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Lakes and Reservoirs","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs10403","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Asher, W., and Zogorski, J.S., 2003, LakeVOC; A Computer Model to Estimate the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Lakes and Reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 104-03, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10403.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs10403/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_104_03.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asher, William E.","contributorId":44986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53629,"text":"wri034215 - 2003 - Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analyses of Selected Streams in Lorain County, Ohio, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:42","indexId":"wri034215","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4215","title":"Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analyses of Selected Streams in Lorain County, Ohio, 2003","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses were done for selected reaches of nine streams in Lorain County Ohio. To assess the alternatives for flood-damage mitigation, the Lorain County Engineer and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a cooperative study to investigate aspects of the hydrology and hydraulics of the nine streams. Historical streamflow data and regional regression equations were used to estimate instantaneous peak discharges for floods having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. Explanatory variables used in the regression equations were drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area. Drainage areas of the nine stream reaches studied ranged from 1.80 to 19.3 square miles. \r\n\r\nThe step-backwater model HEC-RAS was used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for the 10-year-recurrence-interval (10-year) flood along a selected reach of each stream. The water-surface pro-file information was used then to generate digital mapping of flood-plain boundaries. The analyses indicate that at the 10-year flood elevation, road overflow results at numerous hydraulic structures along the nine streams.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034215","usgsCitation":"Jackson, K.S., Ostheimer, C.J., and Whitehead, M.T., 2003, Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analyses of Selected Streams in Lorain County, Ohio, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4215, 54 p. and CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034215.","productDescription":"54 p. and CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4907,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, K. Scott","contributorId":50560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53126,"text":"wri034254 - 2003 - Estimated ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from Death Valley, California, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wri034254","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4254","title":"Estimated ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from Death Valley, California, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service and Inyo County, Calif., collected field data from 1997 through 2001 to accurately estimate the amount of annual ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration (ET) from the floor of Death Valley, California. \r\n\r\nMultispectral satellite-imagery and National Wetlands Inventory data are used to delineate evaporative ground-water discharge areas on the Death Valley floor. These areas are divided into five general units where ground-water discharge from ET is considered to be significant. Based upon similarities in soil type, soil moisture, vegetation type, and vegetation density; the ET units are salt-encrusted playa (21,287 acres), bare-soil playa (75,922 acres), low-density vegetation (6,625 acres), moderate-density vegetation (5,019 acres), and high-density vegetation (1,522 acres). Annual ET was computed for ET units with micrometeorological data which were continuously measured at six instrumented sites. Total ET was determined at sites that were chosen for their soil- and vegetated-surface conditions, which include salt-encrusted playa (extensive salt encrustation) 0.17 feet per year, bare-soil playa (silt and salt encrustation) 0.21 feet per year, pickleweed (pickleweed plants, low-density vegetation) 0.60 feet per year, Eagle Borax (arrowweed plants and salt grass, moderate-density vegetation) 1.99 feet per year, Mesquite Flat (mesquite trees, high-density vegetation) 2.86 feet per year, and Mesquite Flat mixed grasses (mixed meadow grasses, high-density vegetation) 3.90 feet per year. \r\n\r\nPrecipitation, flooding, and ground-water discharge satisfy ET demand in Death Valley. Ground-water discharge is estimated by deducting local precipitation and flooding from cumulative ET estimates. \r\n\r\nDischarge rates from ET units were not estimated directly because the range of vegetation units far exceeded the five specific vegetation units that were measured. The rate of annual ground-water discharge by ET for each ET unit was determined by fitting the annual ground-water ET for each site with the variability in vegetation density in each ET unit. The ET rate representing the midpoint of each ET unit was used as the representative value. The rate of annual ground-water ET for the playa sites did not require scaling in this manner. Annual ground-water discharge by ET was determined for all five ET units: salt-encrusted playa (0.13 foot), bare-soil playa (0.15 foot), low-density vegetation (1.0 foot), moderate-density vegetation (2.0 feet), and high-density vegetation (3.0 feet), and an area of vegetation or bare soil not contributing to ground-water discharge unclassified (0.0 foot). \r\n\r\nThe total ground-water discharge from ET for the Death Valley floor is about 35,000 acre-feet and was computed by summing the products of the area of each ET unit multiplied by a corresponding ET rate for each unit.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034254","usgsCitation":"DeMeo, G.A., Laczniak, R.J., Boyd, R., Smith, J.L., and Nylund, W.E., 2003, Estimated ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration from Death Valley, California, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4254, v, 27 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034254.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir034254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nylund, Walter E.","contributorId":12913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylund","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53848,"text":"wri034232 - 2003 - Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in southeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of hydraulic heads caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T20:05:44.996912","indexId":"wri034232","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4232","title":"Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in southeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of hydraulic heads caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049","docAbstract":"To evaluate the effects of projected ground water withdrawals, three scenarios were used to simulate a range of possible withdrawals. Five additional stress periods of 10 years each were added to the model to facilitate predictive scenario generation. The predictive scenarios control pumpage by either continuing 1997 pumpage into the future (scenario 1) or by increasing water-use trends into the future (scenario 2 and 3). The ASWCC Critical Ground Water area designation includes a requirement that a 50-percent saturated formation thickness be maintained. For this reason, the level of 50-percent saturated formation thickness is used as a reference surface in the scenario output presented. Animations of simulated heads changing through time are included on the compact disc in the \"Animations\" folder. In the animations, the level of 50 percent saturated formation thickness is indicated by a mesh surface and the dry cells appear as voids in the model surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034232","usgsCitation":"Stanton, G.P., and Clark, B.R., 2003, Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in southeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of hydraulic heads caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4232, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034232.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67714.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.225,\n 34.2833\n ],\n [\n -92.225,\n 32.8731\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 32.8731\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 34.2833\n ],\n [\n -92.225,\n 34.2833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53599,"text":"wri024256 - 2003 - Simulations of floodflows on the White River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 79 near Clarendon, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"wri024256","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4256","title":"Simulations of floodflows on the White River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 79 near Clarendon, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to study the effects of the proposed modification to the U.S. Highway 79 corridor on flooding on the White River near Clarendon, Arkansas. The effects of floodflows were simulated for the following scenarios: existing, natural, and four proposed bridging alternatives. All of the scenarios were modeled with floods having the 5- and 100-year recurrence intervals (115,100 and 216,000 cubic feet per second). The simulated existing conditions included a 3,200-foot White River bridge located on the east side of the study area near Clarendon, Arkansas; a 3,700-foot First Old River bridge located 0.5 mile west of the White River bridge opening; and a 1,430-foot Roc Roe Bayou bridge located 1.6 mile west of the First Old River bridge. The simulated hypothetical natural conditions involved removing the U.S. Highway 79 and the Union Pacific Railroad embankments along the entire length of the flood plain. The primary purpose of model simulations for natural conditions was to calculate backwater data for the existing and proposed conditions. The four simulated hypothetical proposed alternatives involved a 1.8-mile White River bridge located on the east side of the study area near Clarendon, Arkansas, either a 1,400-foot relief bridge (Alternative 1) or a 1,545 relief bridge (Alternatives 2-4) located 0.25 mile west of the White River bridge opening, and three different Roc Roe Bayou bridge openings ranging from 1,540-3,475 feet in length located 0.9 mile west of the relief bridge (Alternatives 1-4). \r\n\r\nSimulation of the 5-year floodflow for the existing bridge openings indicates that about 57 percent (65,600 cubic feet per second) of flow was conveyed by the White River bridge, about 26 percent (29,900 cubic feet per second) by the First Old River bridge, and about 17 percent (19,600 cubic feet per second) by the Roc Roe Bayou bridge. Maximum depth-averaged point velocities for the White River, First Old River, and Roc Roe Bayou bridges were 3.6, 1.6, and 3.3 feet per second, respectively. For the 100-year floodflow, the simulation indicates that about 56 percent (123,100 cubic feet per second) of flow was conveyed by the White River bridge, about 26 percent (56,200 cubic feet per second) by the First Old River bridge, and about 19 percent (41,000 cubic feet per second) by the Roc Roe Bayou bridge. The maximum depth-averaged point velocities for the White River, First Old River, and Roc Roe Bayou bridges were 4.2, 2.2, and 4.1 feet per second, respectively. \r\n\r\nSimulation of the 5-year floodflow for the proposed U.S. Highway 79 alignment alternatives indicates that 76-78 percent (87,100-89,900 cubic feet per second) of the flow was conveyed by the proposed White River bridge, 6-7 percent (7,000-7,500 cubic feet per second) by the proposed relief bridge, and 13-16 percent (14,600-18,600 cubic feet per second) by the proposed Roc Roe Bayou bridge. For the 100-year floodflow, simulations predicted that 70-72 percent (151,200-155,600 cubic feet per second) of the flow was conveyed by the proposed White River bridge, 9-10 percent (19,800-20,700 cubic feet per second) by the proposed relief bridge, and 14-20 percent (30,700-43,000 cubic feet per second) by the proposed Roc Roe Bayou bridge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024256","usgsCitation":"Funkhouser, J.E., and Barks, C.S., 2003, Simulations of floodflows on the White River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 79 near Clarendon, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4256, vi, 36 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024256.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funkhouser, Jaysson E. jefunkho@usgs.gov","contributorId":772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funkhouser","given":"Jaysson","email":"jefunkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barks, C. Shane csbarks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C.","email":"csbarks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53625,"text":"wri034143 - 2003 - Probability of detecting elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water in a six-county area of south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T19:39:33.707042","indexId":"wri034143","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4143","title":"Probability of detecting elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water in a six-county area of south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"A probability map constructed for this study\nidentified several areas in a six-county region of\nsouth-central Idaho with high probabilities of\ndetecting elevated concentrations (greater than\n2 milligrams per liter) of nitrate. An increasing\nproportion of Idaho’s ground water being used\nfor drinking water and large increases in the inputs\nof nitrogen to ground water in Cassia, Gooding,\nJerome, Lincoln, Minidoka, and Twin Falls Counties\nhave prompted concerns about the quality of\nthe resource. The probability map was constructed\nto assist regulatory and resource agencies in managing\nland use and protecting water resources.\nTo construct the probability map, hydrogeologic\nand anthropogenic data were integrated with\nground-water quality data in a geographic information\nsystem. The resulting data set contained\nland use, geology, precipitation, soil characteristics,\ndepth to ground water, nitrogen input, and\nground-water velocity information for each of the\n1,365 samples collected from 1991 to 2001. Logistic\nregression analysis was used to determine the\nmost statistically significant variables related to\nthe detection of elevated nitrate concentrations.\nThe resulting multivariate probability model\nshowed that ground-water velocity, nitrogen input,\nprecipitation, soil drainage, land use, and depth to\nground water were significantly correlated with\nelevated nitrate concentrations. A subset of the\nwater-quality data set was used to verify these\nresults. Linear regression of the percentage of predicted\nprobabilities of elevated nitrate concentrations\nand the actual percentage of elevated nitrate\nconcentrations with the model data set and the verification\ndata set both showed good correlations:\nr-squared values were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively.\nStatistical comparisons of both data sets showed\nthat ground-water samples containing elevated\nnitrate concentrations had significantly higher\nprobabilities of detection (p < 0.001) than samples\nwithout elevated nitrate concentrations. On the\nbasis of these results, a map identifying the probability\nof detecting elevated nitrate concentrations\nwas constructed. High-probability areas on the\nmap coincided with regions of agricultural land\nuse and high nitrogen input, except in southern\nGooding County and western Jerome County. In\nthese areas, high ground-water velocities representing\na predominance of regional ground water\nresulted in a low probability of detecting elevated\nnitrate concentrations. Areas of poor prediction\ntended to be congregated along the transition zone\nbetween high and low ground-water velocities in\nJerome and Gooding Counties, indicating a mix of\nregional and recently recharged ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality and Cassia, Gooding, Jerome, Lincoln, Minidoka, and Twin Falls Counties","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., and Donato, M.M., 2003, Probability of detecting elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water in a six-county area of south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4143, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034143.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"29","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415100,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67522.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262384,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Cassia County, Gooding County, Jerome County, Lincoln County, Minidoka County, Twin Falls County","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 43.1981\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 43.1981\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53813,"text":"wri034329 - 2003 - Stratigraphy and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and evaluation of the Unit in the Viburnum Trend and exploration areas, southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri034329","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4329","title":"Stratigraphy and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and evaluation of the Unit in the Viburnum Trend and exploration areas, southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"The confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit (Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation) was evaluated in ten townships (T. 31?35 N. and R. 01?02 W.) along the Viburnum Trend of southeastern Missouri. Vertical hydraulic conductivity data were compared to similar data collected during two previous studies 20 miles south of the Viburnum Trend, in two lead-zinc exploration areas that may be a southern extension of the Viburnum Trend. The surficial Ozark aquifer is the primary source of water for domestic and public-water supplies and major springs in southern Missouri. The St. Francois confining unit lies beneath the Ozark aquifer and impedes the movement of water between the Ozark aquifer and the underlying St. Francois aquifer (composed of the Bonneterre Formation and Lamotte Sandstone). The Bonneterre Formation is the primary host formation for lead-zinc ore deposits of the Viburnum Trend and potential host formation in the exploration areas.\r\n\r\nFor most of the more than 40 years the mines have been in operation along the Viburnum Trend, about 27 million gallons per day were being pumped from the St. Francois aquifer for mine dewatering. Previous studies conducted along the Viburnum Trend have concluded that no large cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer as a result of mining activity. Because of similar geology, stratigraphy, and depositional environment between the Viburnum Trend and the exploration areas, the Viburnum Trend may be used as a pertinent, full-scale model to study and assess how mining may affect the exploration areas.\r\n\r\nAlong the Viburnum Trend, the St. Francois confining unit is a complex series of dolostones, limestones, and shales that generally is 230 to 280 feet thick with a net shale thickness ranging from less than 25 to greater than 100 feet with the thickness increasing toward the west. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values determined from laboratory permeability tests were used to represent the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend. The Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation are statistically similar, but the Davis Formation would be the more hydraulically restrictive medium. The shale and carbonate values were statistically different. The median vertical hydraulic conductivity value for the shale samples was 62 times less than the carbonate samples. Consequently, the net shale thickness of the confining unit along the Viburnum Trend significantly affects the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity. As the percent of shale increases in a given horizon, the vertical hydraulic conductivity decreases.\r\n\r\nThe range of effective vertical hydraulic conductivity for the confining unit in the Viburnum Trend was estimated to be a minimum of 2 x 10-13 ft/s (foot per second) and a maximum of 3 x 10-12 ft/s. These vertical hydraulic conductivity values are considered small and verify conclusions of previous studies that the confining unit effectively impedes the flow of ground water between the Ozark aquifer and the St. Francois aquifer along the Viburnum Trend.\r\n\r\nPreviously-collected vertical hydraulic conductivity data for the two exploration areas from two earlier studies were combined with the data collected along the Viburnum Trend. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test shows the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend, and west and east exploration areas are statistically different. The vertical hydraulic conductivity values generally are the largest in the Viburnum Trend and are smallest in the west exploration area. The statistical differences in these values do not appear to be attributed strictly to either the Derby-Doerun Dolomite or Davis Formation, but instead they are caused by the differences in the carbonate vertical hydraulic conductivity values at the three locations.\r\n\r\nThe calculated effective vertical hydraulic conductivity range for the St. Franc","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034329","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M.J., and Seeger, C.M., 2003, Stratigraphy and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and evaluation of the Unit in the Viburnum Trend and exploration areas, southeastern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4329, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034329.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034329/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a652f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":63848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53713,"text":"ofr03426 - 2003 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model--Documentation of the SEAWAT-2000 Version with the Variable-Density Flow Process (VDF) and the Integrated MT3DMS Transport Process (IMT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr03426","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-426","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model--Documentation of the SEAWAT-2000 Version with the Variable-Density Flow Process (VDF) and the Integrated MT3DMS Transport Process (IMT)","docAbstract":"SEAWAT-2000 is the latest release of the SEAWAT computer program for simulation of three-dimensional, variable-density, transient ground-water flow in porous media. SEAWAT-2000 was designed by combining a modified version of MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS into a single computer program. The code was developed using the MODFLOW-2000 concept of a process, which is defined as ?part of the code that solves a fundamental equation by a specified numerical method.? SEAWAT-2000 contains all of the processes distributed with MODFLOW-2000 and also includes the Variable-Density Flow Process (as an alternative to the constant-density Ground-Water Flow Process) and the Integrated MT3DMS Transport Process. Processes may be active or inactive, depending on simulation objectives; however, not all processes are compatible. For example, the Sensitivity and Parameter Estimation Processes are not compatible with the Variable-Density Flow and Integrated MT3DMS Transport Processes. The SEAWAT-2000 computer code was tested with the common variable-density benchmark problems and also with problems representing evaporation from a salt lake and rotation of immiscible fluids.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03426","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Shoemaker, W., and Guo, W., 2003, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model--Documentation of the SEAWAT-2000 Version with the Variable-Density Flow Process (VDF) and the Integrated MT3DMS Transport Process (IMT): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-426, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03426.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5055,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/ofr03_426_langevin.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guo, Weixing","contributorId":28641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}