{"pageNumber":"1091","pageRowStart":"27250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70024175,"text":"70024175 - 2002 - Global petroleum resources: A view to the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024175","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global petroleum resources: A view to the future","docAbstract":"It is necessary to periodically reassess petroleum resources, not only because new data become available and better geologic models are developed; but also because many non-geologic factors determine which part of the crustal abundance of petroleum will be economic and acceptable over the foreseeable future. In 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey completed an assessment of the world's conventional petroleum resources, exclusive of the United States. This assessment is different from those before it: Overall the 2000 assessment of potential petroleum resources is higher than previous assessments, largely because it is the first USGS world assessment to include field growth estimates. Based on a thorough investigation of the petroleum geology of each province, the assessment couples geologic analysis with a probabilistic methodology to estimate remaining potential. Including the assessment numbers for the United States from USGS and the Minerals Management Service (MMS), the world's endowment of recoverable oil - which consists of cumulative production, remaining reserves, reserve growth and undiscovered resources - is estimated at about 3 trillion barrels of oil. Of this, about 24 percent has been produced and an additional 29 percent has been discovered and booked as reserves. The natural gas endowment is estimated at 15.4 quadrillion cubic feet (2.5 trillion barrels of oil equivalent), of which only about 11 percent has been produced and an additional 31 percent has been discovered and booked as reserves. The USGS assessment is not exhaustive, because it does not cover all sedimentary basins of the world. Relatively small volumes of oil or gas have been found in an additional 279 provinces, and significant accumulations may occur in these or other basins that were not assessed. The estimates are therefore conservative.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., and McCabe, P., 2002, Global petroleum resources: A view to the future: Geotimes, v. 47, no. 11, p. 14-18.","startPage":"14","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2955e4b0c8380cd5a882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, P.J.","contributorId":57608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024066,"text":"70024066 - 2002 - Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:45:28","indexId":"70024066","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>Site‐specific numerical modeling of four sites in two arid alluvial basins within the Nevada Test Site employs a conceptual model of deep arid system hydrodynamics that includes vapor transport, the role of xeric vegetation, and long‐term surface boundary transients. Surface boundary sequences, spanning 110 kyr, that best reproduce measured chloride concentration and matric potential profiles from four deep (230–460 m) boreholes concur with independent paleohydrologic and paleoecological records from the region. Simulations constrain a pluvial period associated with infiltration of 2–5 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>at 14–13 ka and denote a shift linked to the establishment of desert vegetation at 13–9.5 ka. Retrodicted moisture flux histories inferred from modeling results differ significantly from those determined using the conventional chloride mass balance approach that assumes only downward advection. The modeling approach developed here represents a significant advance in the use of deep vadose zone profile data from arid regions to recover detailed paleohydrologic and current hydrologic information.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000825","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Tyler, S.W., and Hartsough, P.C., 2002, Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 27-1-27-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000825.","productDescription":"1291; 12 p.","startPage":"27-1","endPage":"27-12","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1ce4b0c8380cd4eb1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Scott W.","contributorId":188141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartsough, Peter C.","contributorId":188044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartsough","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023837,"text":"70023837 - 2002 - Tidal Flux Variation in the Lower Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain Estuaries of Mississippi and Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023837","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tidal Flux Variation in the Lower Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain Estuaries of Mississippi and Louisiana","docAbstract":"Three tidal gages were constructed to collect hydraulic and water-quality properties that could be used to compute the tidal flux of the Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain estuarine systems in Mississippi and Louisiana. The gages record continuous tidal stage, velocity, water temperature, specific conductance, and salinity, and transmit these data via the GOES satellite for output to a USGS real-time Internet portal. A 25-hour tidal study was completed during a maximum slack tide period in September 2001, which measured hydraulic and water-quality properties. These data were correlated with data recorded by the gages. Relations were developed for stage and area, and for an index acoustic velocity signal and average velocity. Continuous tidal inflow/outflow was computed for all three gages. Tidal effects were attenuated using a ninth-order Butterworth low-pass filter. Net inflows were recorded at two of three sites during the tidal study. The data will be used to help calibrate a regional RMA2 flow model.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D., 2002, Tidal Flux Variation in the Lower Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain Estuaries of Mississippi and Louisiana, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 515-525.","startPage":"515","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb360e4b08c986b325d6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536511,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D.P.","contributorId":59824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025058,"text":"70025058 - 2002 - Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025058","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography","docAbstract":"Airborne color-infrared photography (CIR) (1:12,000 scale) was used to map localized occurrences of the widespread and aggressive Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum), an invasive species. Photography was collected during senescence when Chinese tallow's bright red leaves presented a high spectral contrast within the native bottomland hardwood and upland forests and marsh land-cover types. Mapped occurrences were conservative because not all senescing tallow leaves are bright red simultaneously. To simulate low spectral but high spatial resolution satellite/airborne image and digital video data, the CIR photography was transformed into raster images at spatial resolutions approximating 0.5 in and 1.0 m. The image data were then spectrally classified for the occurrence of bright red leaves associated with senescing Chinese tallow. Classification accuracies were greater than 95 percent at both spatial resolutions. There was no significant difference in either forest in the detection of tallow or inclusion of non-tallow trees associated with the two spatial resolutions. In marshes, slightly more tallow occurrences were mapped with the lower spatial resolution, but there were also more misclassifications of native land covers as tallow. Combining all land covers, there was no difference at detecting tallow occurrences (equal omission errors) between the two resolutions, but the higher spatial resolution was associated with less inclusion of non-tallow land covers as tallow (lower commission error). Overall, these results confirm that high spatial (???1 m) but low spectral resolution remote sensing data can be used for mapping Chinese tallow trees in dominant environments found in coastal and adjacent upland landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Nelson, G., Sapkota, S., Seeger, E., and Martella, K., 2002, Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 68, no. 3, p. 251-255.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5043e4b0c8380cd6b56e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeger, E.B.","contributorId":97301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martella, K.D.","contributorId":107077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martella","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016324,"text":"1016324 - 2002 - Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:24:44","indexId":"1016324","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated statewide, regional, and national trends in counts of Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) along selected routes in the contiguous United States during midwinter, 1986-2000. Each January, several hundred observers collected data as part of a survey initiated by the National Wildlife Federation in 1979. To analyze these data, we used only those routes surveyed consistently in at least four years and on which at least four eagles were counted in a single year. We included surveys conducted during fog or precipitaion after determining that changes in weather conditions probably did not affect trend estimates. Our final analysis, using a hierarchical mixed model, was based on 101,777 eagle sightings during 5,180 surveys of 563 routes in 42 states. In the model, fixed effects were year, region, and route-length category; the random effect was the route itself. Model-based estimates of Bald Eagle counts throughout the U.S. increased 1.9% yr<sup>-1</sup>, but trend estimates varied by region. Estimated trends were statistically significant, and positive, in the northeastern U.S. (6.1% yr<sup>-1</sup>), but were not significant in other regions. The proportion of increasing counts was higher north of 40&deg; N and east of 100&deg; W. Trends in numbers of adults and immatures showed similar geographic patterns, but counts of adults increased at a higher rate. Overall, trends were more similar to those identified by the Christmas Bird Count than the Breeding Bird Survey. In spite of limitations, the survey is a cost-effective way to monitor wintering eagles in the lower 48 states. We discuss estimated trends in the context of increased urbanization, changed weather, and recovery from pesticide pollution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Bird Populations","publisherLocation":"Point Reyes Station, CA","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bond, L., Bates, K.K., and Leppert, L.L., 2002, Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000: Bird Populations, v. 6, p. 21-32.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n   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K.","contributorId":43723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leppert, Lynda L.","contributorId":37701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leppert","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024092,"text":"70024092 - 2002 - The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T16:40:09.750879","indexId":"70024092","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data","docAbstract":"Net primary productivity (NPP) is a fundamental ecological variable that provides information about the health and status of vegetation communities. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is increasingly being used to model or predict NPP, especially over large remote areas. In this article, seven seasonally based metrics calculated from a seven-year baseline NDVI dataset were used to model NPP over Alaska, USA. For each growing season, they included maximum, mean and summed NDVI, total days, product of total days and maximum NDVI, an integral estimate of NDVI and a summed product of NDVI and solar radiation. Field (plot) derived NPP estimates were assigned to 18 land cover classes from an Alaskan statewide land cover database. Linear relationships between NPP and each NDVI metric were analysed at four scales: plot, 1-km, 10-km and 20-km pixels. Results show moderate to poor relationship between any of the metrics and NPP estimates for all data sets and scales. Use of NDVI for estimating NPP may be possible, but caution is required due to data seasonality, the scaling process used and land surface heterogeneity.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160110113926","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Peterson, K.M., 2002, The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 21, p. 4571-4596, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160110113926.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4571","endPage":"4596","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C. J.","contributorId":66729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Kim M.","contributorId":58806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016373,"text":"1016373 - 2002 - Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:17:48","indexId":"1016373","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>Shorebirds are among the most highly migratory creatures on earth. Both the study of their ecology and ongoing efforts to conserve their populations must reflect this central aspect of their biology. Many species of shorebirds use migration and staging sites scattered throughout the hemisphere to complete their annual migrations between breeding areas and nonbreeding habitats (Morrison 1984). The vast distances between habitats they use pose significant challenges for studying their migration ecology. At the same time, the large number of political boundaries shorebirds cross during their epic migrations create parallel challenges for organizations working on their management and conservation.</p><p>Nebel et al. (2002) represent a collaborative effort to understand the conservation implications of Western Sandpiper (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) migration ecology on a scale worthy of this highly migratory species. The data sets involved in the analysis come from four U.S. states, two Canadian provinces, and a total of five nations. Only by collaborating on this historic scale were the authors able to assemble the information necessary to understand important aspects of the migration ecology of this species, and the implications for conservation of the patterns they discovered.</p><p>Collaborative approaches to shorebird migration ecology developed slowly over several decades. The same period also saw the creation of large-scale efforts to monitor and conserve shorebirds. This overview first traces the history of the study of migration ecology of shorebirds during that fertile period, and then describes the monitoring and protection efforts that have been developed in an attempt to address the enormous issues of scale posed by shorebird migration ecology and conservation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0914:CATTEO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrington, B.A., Brown, S., Corven, J., and Bart, J., 2002, Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds: The Auk, v. 119, no. 4, p. 914-921, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0914:CATTEO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"914","endPage":"921","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282002%29119%5B0914%3ACATTEO%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S.","contributorId":80620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corven, James","contributorId":35275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corven","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016054,"text":"1016054 - 2002 - Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:34:57.596678","indexId":"1016054","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conceptual</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e377\" title=\"Likens, G. E. &amp; Bormann, F. H. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem 2nd edn (Springer, New York, 1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e380\" title=\"Aber, J. et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. BioScience 48, 921–34 (1998).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\">2</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e383\" title=\"Tamm, C. O. Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems (Springer, Berlin, 1991).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\">3</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e386\" title=\"Stoddard, J. L. in Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs (ed. Baker, L. A.) 223–284 (American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\">4</a></sup><span>&nbsp;and numerical</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e390\" title=\"Schimel, D. S., Braswell, B. H. &amp; Parton, W. J. Equilibration of the terrestrial water, nitrogen, and carbon cycles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8280–8283 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\">5</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e393\" title=\"Rastetter, E. B. et al. Resource optimization and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Ecosystems 4, 369–388 (2001).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\">6</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e396\" title=\"McGuire, A. D. et al. Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 173–189 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\">7</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e399\" title=\"McKane, R. B. et al. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78, 1170–1187 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\">8</a></sup><span>&nbsp;models of nitrogen cycling in temperate forests assume that nitrogen is lost from these ecosystems predominantly by way of inorganic forms, such as nitrate and ammonium ions. Of these, nitrate is thought to be particularly mobile, being responsible for nitrogen loss to deep soil and stream waters. But human activities—such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production and land-use change—have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle over large regions</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e403\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. et al. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecol. Appl. 7, 737–750 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\">9</a></sup><span>, making it difficult to separate natural aspects of nitrogen cycling from those induced by human perturbations</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e407\" title=\"Hedin, L. O., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Johnson, A. H. Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: Evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology 76, 493–509 (1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\">10</a></sup><span>. Here we report stream chemistry data from 100 unpolluted primary forests in temperate South America. Although the sites exhibit a broad range of environmental factors that influence ecosystem nutrient cycles</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e411\" title=\"Jenny, H. Factors of Soil Formation (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\">11</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e414\" title=\"Gorham, E. Factors influencing supply of major ions to inland waters, with special reference to the atmosphere. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 72, 795–840 (1961).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\">12</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e417\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. &amp; Reiners, W. A. Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis. BioScience 25, 376–381 (1975).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\">13</a></sup><span>&nbsp;(such as climate, parent material, time of ecosystem development, topography and biotic diversity), we observed a remarkably consistent pattern of nitrogen loss across all forests. In contrast to findings from forests in polluted regions, streamwater nitrate concentrations are exceedingly low, such that nitrate to ammonium ratios were less than unity, and dissolved organic nitrogen is responsible for the majority of nitrogen losses from these forests. We therefore suggest that organic nitrogen losses should be considered in models of forest nutrient cycling, which could help to explain observations of nutrient limitation in temperate forest ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/415416a","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Hedin, L.O., 2002, Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds: Nature, v. 415, no. 6870, p. 416-419, https://doi.org/10.1038/415416a.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"415","issue":"6870","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69720d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","indexId":"70188493","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Land cover"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:13:58","indexId":"70188493","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"2","title":"Land cover","docAbstract":"<p>Documenting the distribution of land-cover types on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain is the foundation for impact assessment and mitigation of potential oil exploration and development. Vegetation maps facilitate wildlife studies by allowing biologists to quantify the availability of important wildlife habitats, investigate the relationships between animal locations and the distribution or juxtaposition of habitat types, and assess or extrapolate habitat characteristics across regional areas.</p><p>To meet the needs of refuge managers and biologists, satellite imagery was chosen as the most cost-effective method for mapping the large, remote landscape of the 1002 Area.</p><p>Objectives of our study were the following: 1) evaluate a vegetation classification scheme for use in mapping. 2) determine optimal methods for producing a satellite-based vegetation map that adequately met the needs of the wildlife research and management objectives; 3) produce a digital vegetation map for the Arctic Refuge coastal plain using Lands at-Thematic Mapper(TM) satellite imagery, existing geobotanical classifications, ground data, and aerial photographs, and 4) perform an accuracy assessment of the map.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, J.C., Joria, P.C., and Douglas, D.C., 2002, Land cover: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dcab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Janet C.","contributorId":191903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joria, Peter C.","contributorId":108210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joria","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024464,"text":"70024464 - 2002 - Mapping apparent stress and energy radiation over fault zones of major earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024464","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping apparent stress and energy radiation over fault zones of major earthquakes","docAbstract":"Using published slip models for five major earthquakes, 1979 Imperial Valley, 1989 Loma Prieta, 1992 Landers, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Kobe, we produce maps of apparent stress and radiated seismic energy over their fault surfaces. The slip models, obtained by inverting seismic and geodetic data, entail the division of the fault surfaces into many subfaults for which the time histories of seismic slip are determined. To estimate the seismic energy radiated by each subfault, we measure the near-fault seismic-energy flux from the time-dependent slip there and then multiply by a function of rupture velocity to obtain the corresponding energy that propagates into the far-field. This function, the ratio of far-field to near-fault energy, is typically less than 1/3, inasmuch as most of the near-fault energy remains near the fault and is associated with permanent earthquake deformation. Adding the energy contributions from all of the subfaults yields an estimate of the total seismic energy, which can be compared with independent energy estimates based on seismic-energy flux measured in the far-field, often at teleseismic distances. Estimates of seismic energy based on slip models are robust, in that different models, for a given earthquake, yield energy estimates that are in close agreement. Moreover, the slip-model estimates of energy are generally in good accord with independent estimates by others, based on regional or teleseismic data. Apparent stress is estimated for each subfault by dividing the corresponding seismic moment into the radiated energy. Distributions of apparent stress over an earthquake fault zone show considerable heterogeneity, with peak values that are typically about double the whole-earthquake values (based on the ratio of seismic energy to seismic moment). The range of apparent stresses estimated for subfaults of the events studied here is similar to the range of apparent stresses for earthquakes in continental settings, with peak values of about 8 MPa in each case. For earthquakes in compressional tectonic settings, peak apparent stresses at a given depth are substantially greater than corresponding peak values from events in extensional settings; this suggests that crustal strength, inferred from laboratory measurements, may be a limiting factor. Lower bounds on shear stresses inferred from the apparent stress distribution of the 1995 Kobe earthquake are consistent with tectonic-stress estimates reported by Spudich et al. (1998), based partly on slip-vector rake changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010129","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2002, Mapping apparent stress and energy radiation over fault zones of major earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1633-1646, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010129.","startPage":"1633","endPage":"1646","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010129"},{"id":233082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5051e4b0c8380cd6b5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44943,"text":"wri024106 - 2002 - Baseline assessment of instream and riparian-zone biological resources on the Rio Grande in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T21:22:56.173116","indexId":"wri024106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4106","title":"Baseline assessment of instream and riparian-zone biological resources on the Rio Grande in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Five study sites, and a sampling reach within each site, were established on the Rio Grande in and near Big Bend National Park in 1999 to provide the National Park Service with data and information on the status of stream habitat, fish communities, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Differences in stream-habitat conditions and riparian vegetation reflect differences in surface geology among the five sampling reaches. In the most upstream reach, Colorado Canyon, where igneous rock predominates, streambed material is larger; and riparian vegetation is less diverse and not as dense as in the four other, mostly limestone reaches. Eighteen species of fish and a total of 474 individuals were collected among the five reaches; 348 of the 474 were minnows. The most fish species (15) were collected at the Santa Elena reach and the fewest species (9) at the Colorado Canyon and Johnson Ranch reaches. The fish community at Colorado Canyon was least like the fish communities at the four other reaches. Fish trophic structure reflected fish-community structure among the five reaches. Invertivores made up at least 60 percent of the trophic structure at all reaches except Colorado Canyon. Piscivores dominated the trophic structure at Colorado Canyon. At the four other reaches, piscivores were the smallest trophic group. Eighty percent of the benthic macroinvertebrate taxa collected were aquatic insects. Two species of blackfly were the most frequently collected invertebrate taxon. Net-spinning caddisflies were common at all reaches except Santa Elena. The aquatic-insect community at the Boquillas reach was least similar to the aquatic-insect community at the other reaches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Moring, J.B., 2002, Baseline assessment of instream and riparian-zone biological resources on the Rio Grande in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4106, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024106.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024106.PNG"},{"id":415388,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52348.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024106","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              29.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7833,\n              29.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7833,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64881c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, James Bruce jbmoring@usgs.gov","contributorId":6033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"James","email":"jbmoring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024512,"text":"70024512 - 2002 - Low abundance materials at the mars pathfinder landing site: An investigation using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024512","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low abundance materials at the mars pathfinder landing site: An investigation using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","docAbstract":"Recalibrated and geometrically registered multispectral images from the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) were analyzed using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) and related techniques. SMA models a multispectral image scene as a linear combination of end-member spectra, and anomalous materials which do not fit the model are detected as model residuals. While most of the IMP data studied here are modeled generally well using \"Bright Dust,\" \"Gray Rock,\" and \"Shade\" image endmembers, additional anomalous materials were detected through careful analysis of root mean square (RMS) error images resulting from SMA. For example, analysis of SMA fraction and RMS images indicates spectral differences within a previously monolithologic Dark Soil class. A type of Dark Soil that has high fractional abundances in rock fraction images (Gray Rock Soil) was identified. Other anomalous materials identified included a previously noted \"Black Rock\" lithology, a class of possibly indurated, compacted, or partially cemented soils (\"Intermediate Soil\"), and a unit referred to as \"Anomalous Patches\" on at least one rock. The Black Rock lithology has a strong 900-1000-nm absorption, and modeling of the derived image endmembers using a laboratory reference endmember modeling (REM) approach produced best-fit model spectra that are most consistent with the presence of high-Ca pyroxenes and/or olivine, crystalline ferric oxide minerals, or mixtures of these materials as important components of the Black Rock endmember. More unique mineralogic identifications could not be obtained using our initial REM analyses. Both Intermediate Soil and Anomalous Patches units exhibit a relatively narrow 860-950-nm absorption that is consistent with the presence of either low-Ca pyroxenes or a cementing crystalline ferric oxide mineral. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2002.6865","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Bell, J., Farrand, W.H., Johnson, J.R., and Morris, R., 2002, Low abundance materials at the mars pathfinder landing site: An investigation using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques: Icarus, v. 158, no. 1, p. 56-71, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6865.","startPage":"56","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6865"},{"id":233303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a00e4b0c8380cd68a4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024507,"text":"70024507 - 2002 - The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024507","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment","docAbstract":"In 1996 a major flood occurred in the Saguenay region, Quebec, Canada, delivering several km3 of sediment to the Saguenay Fjord. Such sediments covered large areas of the, until then, largely contaminated fjord bottom, thus providing a natural capping layer. Recent swath bathymetry data have also shown that sediment landslides are widely present in the upper section of the Saguenay Fjord, and therefore, should a new event occur, it would probably expose the old contaminated sediments. Landslides in the Upper Saguenay Fjord are most probably due to earthquakes given its proximity to the Charlevoix seismic region and to that of the 1988 Saguenay earthquake. In consequence, this study tries to characterize the permanent ground deformations induced by different earthquake scenarios from which shallow sediment landslides could be triggered. The study follows a Newmark analysis in which, firstly, the seismic slope performance is assessed, secondly, the seismic hazard analyzed, and finally an evaluation of the seismic landslide hazard is made. The study is based on slope gradients obtained from EM1000 multibeam bathymetry data as well as water content and undrained shear strength measurements made in box and gravity cores. Ground motions integrating local site conditions were simulated using synthetic time histories. The study assumes the region of the 1988 Saguenay earthquake as the most likely source area for earthquakes capable of inducing large ground motions in the Upper Saguenay region. Accordingly, we have analyzed several shaking intensities to deduce that generalized sediment displacements will begin to occur when moment magnitudes exceed 6. Major displacements, failure, and subsequent landslides could occur only from earthquake moment magnitudes exceeding 6.75. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Urgeles, R., Locat, J., Lee, H., and Martin, F., 2002, The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment: Marine Geology, v. 185, no. 3-4, p. 319-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8.","startPage":"319","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8"},{"id":233193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8c9e4b08c986b321e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urgeles, R.","contributorId":90081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urgeles","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, F.","contributorId":75725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025017,"text":"70025017 - 2002 - Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T11:13:22.901459","indexId":"70025017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","docAbstract":"NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990'S. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original system concept of the early 1990'S changed as each community had its say - first the managers, then engineers, scientists, developers, operators, and then finally the general public. The systems at the LP DAAC - particularly the largest single system, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) - are changing as experience accumulates, technology changes, and each user group gains influence. The LP DAAC has adapted as contingencies were planned for, requirements and therefore plans were modified, and expectations changed faster than requirements could hope to be satisfied. Although not responsible for Quality Assurance of the science data, the LP DAAC works to ensure the data are accessible and useable by influencing systems, capabilities, and data formats where possible, and providing tools and user support as necessary. While supporting multiple missions and instruments, the LP DAAC also works with and learns from multiple management and oversight groups as they review mission requirements, system capabilities, and the overall operation of the LP DAAC. Stakeholders, including the Land Science community, are consulted regularly to ensure that the LP DAAC remains cognizant and responsive to the evolving needs of the user community. Today, the systems do not look or function as originally planned, but they do work, and they allow customers to search and order of an impressive amount of diverse data.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451678","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., 2002, Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451678.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e75e4b0c8380cd75662","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, T. A.","contributorId":74548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025015,"text":"70025015 - 2002 - Comparison of the basin-scale effect of dredging operations and natural estuarine processes on suspended sediment concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:38:58","indexId":"70025015","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the basin-scale effect of dredging operations and natural estuarine processes on suspended sediment concentration","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data from San Pablo Bay, California, were analyzed to compare the basin-scale effect of dredging and disposal of dredged material (dredging operations) and natural estuarine processes. The analysis used twelve 3-wk to 5-wk periods of mid-depth and near-bottom SSC data collected at Point San Pablo every 15 min from 1993-1998. Point San Pablo is within a tidal excursion of a dredged-material disposal site. The SSC data were compared to dredging volume, Julian day, and hydrodynamic and meteorological variables that could affect SSC. Kendall's ??, Spearman's ??, and weighted (by the fraction of valid data in each period) Spearman's ??w correlation coefficients of the variables indicated which variables were significantly correlated with SSC. Wind-wave resuspension had the greatest effect on SSC. Median water-surface elevation was the primary factor affecting mid-depth SSC. Greater depths inhibit wind-wave resuspension of bottom sediment and indicate greater influence of less turbid water from down estuary. Seasonal variability in the supply of erodible sediment is the primary factor affecting near-bottom SSC. Natural physical processes in San Pablo Bay are more areally extensive, of equal or longer duration, and as frequent as dredging operations (when occurring), and they affect SSC at the tidal time scale. Natural processes control SSC at Point San Pablo even when dredging operations are occurring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02695990","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 2002, Comparison of the basin-scale effect of dredging operations and natural estuarine processes on suspended sediment concentration: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 3, p. 488-495, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02695990.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"495","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f898e4b0c8380cd4d1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023942,"text":"70023942 - 2002 - Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023942","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1776,"text":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Santa Ba??rbara Granite Massif is part of the Younger Granites of Rondo??nia (998 - 974 Ma) and is included in the Rondo??nia Tin Province (SW Amazonian Craton). It comprises three highly fractionated metaluminous to peraluminous within-plate A-type granite units emplaced in older medium-grade metamorphic rocks. Sn-mineralization is closely associated with the late-stage unit. U-Pb monazite conventional dating of the early-stage Serra do Cicero facies and late-stage Serra Azul facies yielded ages of 993 ?? 5 Ma and 989 ?? 13 Ma, respectively. Conventional multigrain U-Pb isotope analyses of zircon demonstrate isotopic disturbance (discordance) and the preservation of inherited older zircons of several different ages and thus yield little about the ages of Sn-granite magmatism. SHRIMP U-Pb ages for the Santa Ba??rbara facies association yielded a 207Pb/206Pb weighted-mean age of 978 ?? 13 Ma. The textural complexity of the zircon crystals of the Santa Ba??rbara facies association, the variable concentrations of U, Th and Pb, as well as the mixed inheritance of zircon populations are major obstacles to using conventional multigrain U-Pb isotopic analyses. Sm-Nd model ages and ??Nd (T) values reveal anomalous isotopic data, attesting to the complex isotopic behaviour within these highly fractionated granites. Thus, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon and conventional U-Pb monazite dating methods are the most appropriate to constrain the crystallization age of the Sn-bearing granite systems in the Rondo??nia Tin Province.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1519874X","usgsCitation":"Sparrenberger, I., Bettencourt, J.S., Tosdal, R., and Wooden, J.L., 2002, Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil: Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica, v. 2, no. 1, p. 79-94.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd6e4b0c8380cd4dfcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparrenberger, I.","contributorId":51058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparrenberger","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettencourt, Jorge S.","contributorId":97269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettencourt","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023918,"text":"70023918 - 2002 - Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023918","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers","docAbstract":"Bedforms often are present on the bed of alluvial sand-bed rivers. Bedforms, such as dunes, impact the flow field. In this field study, velocity and suspended-sediment concentration measurements were made longitudinally along a dune field in large (5-15 meters deep) alluvial sand-bed rivers. The velocity and suspended-sediment concentration data was collected using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, acoustic Doppler velocimeters, an optical backscatter sensor, and, two sediment intakes. This paper presents a description of these measurement devices and techniques for the collection of this data. Some preliminary results observed at the Missouri River at St. Charles, Missouri are presented.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R., and Garcia, M., 2002, Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 401-409.","startPage":"401","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1f3e4b08c986b32a843","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":70429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023843,"text":"70023843 - 2002 - Supporting user-defined granularities in a spatiotemporal conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Supporting user-defined granularities in a spatiotemporal conceptual model","docAbstract":"Granularities are integral to spatial and temporal data. A large number of applications require storage of facts along with their temporal and spatial context, which needs to be expressed in terms of appropriate granularities. For many real-world applications, a single granularity in the database is insufficient. In order to support any type of spatial or temporal reasoning, the semantics related to granularities needs to be embedded in the database. Specifying granularities related to facts is an important part of conceptual database design because under-specifying the granularity can restrict an application, affect the relative ordering of events and impact the topological relationships. Closely related to granularities is indeterminacy, i.e., an occurrence time or location associated with a fact that is not known exactly. In this paper, we present an ontology for spatial granularities that is a natural analog of temporal granularities. We propose an upward-compatible, annotation-based spatiotemporal conceptual model that can comprehensively capture the semantics related to spatial and temporal granularities, and indeterminacy without requiring new spatiotemporal constructs. We specify the formal semantics of this spatiotemporal conceptual model via translation to a conventional conceptual model. To underscore the practical focus of our approach, we describe an on-going case study. We apply our approach to a hydrogeologic application at the United States Geologic Survey and demonstrate that our proposed granularity-based spatiotemporal conceptual model is straightforward to use and is comprehensive.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015868307494","issn":"10122443","usgsCitation":"Khatri, V., Ram, S., Snodgrass, R., and O’Brien, G.M., 2002, Supporting user-defined granularities in a spatiotemporal conceptual model, <i>in</i> Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, v. 36, no. 1-2, p. 195-232, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015868307494.","startPage":"195","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015868307494"},{"id":232234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f81e4b08c986b31e61d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khatri, V.","contributorId":12234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khatri","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ram, S.","contributorId":88124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snodgrass, R.T.","contributorId":63568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, G. M.","contributorId":31407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025033,"text":"70025033 - 2002 - Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:31:43","indexId":"70025033","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelarator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with 210 Pb and 137 Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites. Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2001.2285","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Baucom, P., Bratton, J., Cronin, T.M., McGeehin, J., Willard, D., Zimmerman, A., and Vogt, P., 2002, Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay: Quaternary Research, v. 57, no. 1, p. 58-79, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2285.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2285"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93e2e4b0c8380cd810aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baucom, P.C.","contributorId":77978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baucom","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, A.R.","contributorId":71732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vogt, P.R.","contributorId":38312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025034,"text":"70025034 - 2002 - Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T15:48:32.545333","indexId":"70025034","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>) in the Chesapeake Bay","title":"Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<p>During a reward program for Atlantic sturgeon (<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus</i>), 40 federally endangered shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>) were captured and reported by commercial fishers between January 1996 and January 2000 from the Chesapeake Bay. Since this is more than double the number of published records of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay between 1876 and 1995, little information has been available on distributions and movement. We used fishery dependent data collected during the reward program to determine the distribution of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay. Sonically-tagged shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River were tracked to determine if individuals swim through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Shortnose sturgeon were primarily distributed within the upper Chesapeake Bay. The movements of one individual, tagged within the Chesapeake Bay and later relocated in the canal and Delaware River, indicated that individuals traverse the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02696053","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Mangold, M., Skjeveland, J., and Spells, A., 2002, Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 1, p. 101-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696053.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.44287109375,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.607666015625,\n              38.91668153637508\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9921875,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.519775390625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39892578125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              36.8708321556463\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.992431640625,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.706787109375,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.58875727696545\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.44287109375,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0298e4b0c8380cd50102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangold, M.F.","contributorId":61600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skjeveland, J.E.","contributorId":80224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skjeveland","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spells, A.J.","contributorId":52365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spells","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024489,"text":"70024489 - 2002 - Geographic techniques and recent applications of remote sensing to landscape-water quality studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T09:50:30","indexId":"70024489","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic techniques and recent applications of remote sensing to landscape-water quality studies","docAbstract":"This article overviews recent advances in studies of landscape-water quality relationships using remote sensing techniques. With the increasing feasibility of using remotely-sensed data, landscape-water quality studies can now be more easily performed on regional, multi-state scales. The traditional method of relating land use and land cover to water quality has been extended to include landscape pattern and other landscape information derived from satellite data. Three items are focused on in this article: 1) the increasing recognition of the importance of larger-scale studies of regional water quality that require a landscape perspective; 2) the increasing importance of remotely sensed data, such as the imagery-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation phenological metrics derived from time-series NDVI data; and 3) landscape pattern. In some studies, using landscape pattern metrics explained some of the variation in water quality not explained by land use/cover. However, in some other studies, the NDVI metrics were even more highly correlated to certain water quality parameters than either landscape pattern metrics or land use/cover proportions. Although studies relating landscape pattern metrics to water quality have had mixed results, this recent body of work applying these landscape measures and satellite-derived metrics to water quality analysis has demonstrated their potential usefulness in monitoring watershed conditions across large regions.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1015546915924","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Griffith, J.A., 2002, Geographic techniques and recent applications of remote sensing to landscape-water quality studies: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 138, no. 1, p. 181-197, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015546915924.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015546915924"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1784e4b0c8380cd5551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, J. A.","contributorId":84118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014937,"text":"1014937 - 2002 - Responses of Florida panthers to recreational deer and hog hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:04:02","indexId":"1014937","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of Florida panthers to recreational deer and hog hunting","docAbstract":"<p>Big Cypress National Preserve constitutes approximately one-third of the range of the endangered Florida panther (<i>Puma concolor coryi</i>). Because recreational hunting is allowed in Big Cypress National Preserve, we examined 8 response variables (activity rates, movement rates, predation success, home-range size, home-range shifts, proximity to off-road vehicle trails, use of areas with concentrated human activity, and habitat selection) to evaluate how Florida panthers respond to human activity associated with deer and hog hunting. Data consisted of panther radiolocations collected since 1981 by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Park Service, which we augmented with radiolocations and activity monitoring from 1994 to 1998. A split-plot (treatment and control) study design with repeated measures of the variables for each panther taken before, during, and after the hunting season was used. We did not detect responses to hunting for variables most directly related to panther energy intake or expenditure (i.e., activity rates, movement rates, predation success of females; <i>P</i>&gt;0.10). However, panthers reduced their use of Bear Island (<i>P</i>=0.021), an area of concentrated human activity, and were found farther from off-road vehicle trails (<i>P</i>&le;0.001) during the hunting season, which was indicative of a reaction to human disturbance. Whereas the reaction to human activity on off-road vehicle trails probably has minor biological implications and may be linked to prey behavior, the decreased use of Bear Island is most likely a direct reaction to human activity and resulted in increased use of adjacent private lands. Future habitat loss on those private lands could exacerbate the negative consequences of this response by panthers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803148","usgsCitation":"Janis, M.W., and Clark, J.D., 2002, Responses of Florida panthers to recreational deer and hog hunting: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 3, p. 839-848, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803148.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"848","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.84539794921875,\n              26.330345320410842\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8319091796875,\n              26.322960198925365\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79071044921875,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.09283447265625,\n              25.334096684794456\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.19171142578125,\n              25.420950798326693\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2274169921875,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25762939453124,\n              25.626668871238568\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.331787109375,\n              25.68361258391759\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38397216796875,\n              25.725683932942644\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49932861328125,\n              25.82708887795793\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.861695091343652\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64764404296875,\n              25.854280326572407\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.69158935546875,\n              25.83697740052369\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73553466796875,\n              25.903703303407667\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.77398681640625,\n              26.000018556696844\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7987060546875,\n              26.071586453170973\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.83441162109374,\n              26.19241214758277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.84539794921875,\n              26.330345320410842\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janis, Michael W.","contributorId":168719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":321588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024445,"text":"70024445 - 2002 - U-Pb geochronology of zircon and polygenetic titanite from the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, USA: An integrated SEM, EMPA, TIMS, and SHRIMP study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024445","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb geochronology of zircon and polygenetic titanite from the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, USA: An integrated SEM, EMPA, TIMS, and SHRIMP study","docAbstract":"U-Pb ages for zircon and titanite from a granodioritic gneiss in the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, have been determined using both isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP). Zircons occur in three morphologic populations: (1) equant to stubby, multifaceted, colorless, (2) prismatic, dark brown, with numerous cracks, and (3) elongate, prismatic, light tan to colorless. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of the three populations shows simple concentric oscillatory zoning. The zircon TIMS age [weighted average of 207Pb/206Pb ages from Group 3 grains-450.5 ?? 1.6 Ma (MSWD=1.11)] and SHRIMP age [composite of 206Pb/238 U age data from all three groups-448.2 ?? 2.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.3)], are interpreted to suggest a relatively simple crystallization history. Titanite from the granodioritic gneiss occurs as both brown and colorless varieties. Scanning electron microscope backscatter (BSE) images of brown grains show multiple cross-cutting oscillatory zones of variable brightness and dark overgrowths. Colorless grains are unzoned or contain subtle wispy or very faint oscillatory zoning. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) clearly distinguishes the two populations. Brown grains contain relatively high concentrations of Fe2O3, Ce2O3 (up to ~ 1.5 wt.%), Nb2O5, and Zr. Cerium concentration is positively correlated with total REE + Y concentration, which together can exceed 3.5 wt.%. Oscillatory zoning in brown titanite is correlated with variations in REE concentrations. In contrast, colorless titanite (both as discrete grains and overgrowths on brown titanite) contains lower concentrations of Y, REE, Fe2O3, and Zr, but somewhat higher Al2O3 and Nb2O5. Uranium concentrations and Th/U discriminate between brown grains (typically 200-400 ppm U; all analyses but one have Th/U between about 0.8 and 2) and colorless grains (10-60 ppm U; Th/U of 0-0.17). In contrast to the zircon U-Pb age results, SHRIMP U-Pb data from titanite indicate multiple growth episodes. In brown grains, oscillatory zoned cores formed at 443 ?? 6 Ma, whereas white (in BSE) cross-cutting zones are 425 ?? 9 Ma. Colorless grains and overgrowths on brown grains yield an age of 265 ?? 8 Ma (using the Total Pb method) or 265 ?? 5 Ma (using the weighted average of the 206Pb/238U ages). However, EMPA chemical data identify zoning that suggests that this colorless titanite may preserve three growth events. Oscillatory zoned portions of brown titanite grains are igneous in origin; white cross-cutting zones probably formed during a previously unrecognized event that caused partial dissolution of earlier titanite and reprecipitation of a slightly younger generation of brown titanite. Colorless titanite replaced and grew over the magmatic titanite during the Permian Alleghanian orogeny. These isotopic data indicate that titanite, like zircon, can contain multiple age components. Coupling SHRIMP microanalysis with EMPA and SEM results on dated zones as presented in this study is an efficient and effective technique to extract additional chronologic ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00076-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Wintsch, R., Fanning, C., and Dorais, M., 2002, U-Pb geochronology of zircon and polygenetic titanite from the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, USA: An integrated SEM, EMPA, TIMS, and SHRIMP study: Chemical Geology, v. 188, no. 1-2, p. 125-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00076-1.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00076-1"},{"id":231736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9cce4b08c986b327df9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wintsch, R. P.","contributorId":104921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wintsch","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorais, M. J.","contributorId":27209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorais","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024487,"text":"70024487 - 2002 - VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70024487","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel","docAbstract":"We present solution models for the rhyolite-H2O-CO2 and basalt-H2O-CO2 systems at magmatic temperatures and pressures below ~ 5000 bar. The models are coded as macros written in Visual Basic for Applications, for use within MicrosoftR Excel (Office'98 and 2000). The series of macros, entitled VOLATILECALC, can calculate the following: (1) Saturation pressures for silicate melt of known dissolved H2O and CO2 concentrations and the corresponding equilibrium vapor composition; (2) open- and closed-system degassing paths (melt and vapor composition) for depressurizing rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (3) isobaric solubility curves for rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (4) isoplethic solubility curves (constant vapor composition) for rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (5) polybaric solubility curves for the two end members and (6) end member fugacities of H2O and CO2 vapors at magmatic temperatures. The basalt-H2O-CO2 macros in VOLATILECALC are capable of calculating melt-vapor solubility over a range of silicate-melt compositions by using the relationships provided by Dixon (American Mineralogist 82 (1997) 368). The output agrees well with the published solution models and experimental data for silicate melt-vapor systems for pressures below 5000 bar. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Newman, S., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2002, VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel: Computers & Geosciences, v. 28, no. 5, p. 597-604, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4.","startPage":"597","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4"},{"id":232872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0efe4b08c986b32a3c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025108,"text":"70025108 - 2002 - Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025108","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"High fluid pressures are known to be associated with oil and gas fields in the Uinta Basin, Utah. Shut-in pressure measurements from drill-stem tests show how pressure varies with depth and by area within the basin. The data base used in this report incorporates over 2,000 pressure measurements from drill-stem tests in wells completed prior to 1985. However, the number of useful pressure measurements is considerably less, because many drill-stem tests fail to stabilize at the actual formation pressure if the permeability is low. By extracting the maximum pressure measurements recorded in a collection of wells within an area, the trend of formation pressure within that area can be approximated. Areal compilations of pressures from drill-stem tests show that overpressured rock formations occur throughout much of the northern and eastern areas of the Uinta Basin. In particular, significant overpressuring (0.5 < pressure gradient < 0.8 psi/ft) is found throughout much of the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths ranging from 10,000 to 13,000 ft, equivalent to 5,000 to 8,000 ft below sea level. Limited data indicate that the pressure gradient declines at depths greater than 13,000 ft. An underpressured zone appears to exist in the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths shallower than 5,000 ft. Throughout the eastern Uinta Basin, moderately overpressured zones (0.46 < pressure gradient < 0.5 psi/ft) are common, with local evidence of significantly overpressured zones, but pressure gradients greater than 0.6 psi/ft are rare.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 2002, Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 39, no. 1, p. 17-26.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d66e4b08c986b31d81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, P. H.","contributorId":42238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}