An understanding of the magnitude and frequency of low-flow discharges is an important part of protecting surface-water resources and planning for municipal and industrial economic expansion. Low-flow characteristics are summarized for 12 continuous-record gaging stations and 44 partial-record measuring sites in the Rocky River basin in North Carolina. Records of discharge collected through the 2002 water year at continuous-record gaging stations and through the 2001 water year at partial-record measuring sites were used. Flow characteristics included in the summary are (1) average annual unit flow; (2) 7Q10 low-flow discharge, the minimum average discharge for a 7-consecutive-day period occurring, on average, once in 10 years; (3) 30Q2 low-flow discharge; (4) W7Q10 low-flow discharge, which is similar to 7Q10 discharge but is based only on flow during the winter months of November through March; and (5) 7Q2 low-flow discharge. The Rocky River basin drains 1,413 square miles (mi2) of the southern Piedmont Province in North Carolina. The Rocky River is about 91 miles long and merges with the Yadkin River in eastern Stanly County to form the Pee Dee River, which discharges into the Atlantic Ocean in South Carolina. Low-flow characteristics compiled for selected sites in the Rocky River basin indicated that the potential for sustained base flows in the upper half of the basin is relatively higher than for streams in the lower half of the basin. The upper half of the basin is underlain by the Charlotte Belt, where streams have been identified as having moderate potentials for sustained base flows. In the lower half of the basin, many streams were noted as having little to no potential for sustained base flows. Much of the decrease in base-flow potential is attributed to the underlying rock types of the Carolina Slate Belt. Of the 19 sites in the basin having minimal (defined as less than 0.05 cubic foot per second) or zero 7Q10 discharges, 18 sites are located in the lower half of the basin underlain by the Carolina Slate Belt. Assessment of these 18 sites indicates that streams that have drainage areas less than about 25 square miles are likely to have minimal or zero 7Q10 discharges. No drainage-area threshold for minimal or zero 7Q10 discharges was identified for the upper half of the basin, which is underlain by the Charlotte Belt. Tributaries to the Rocky River include the West Branch Rocky River (22.8 mi2), Clarke Creek (28.2 mi2), Mallard Creek (41.2 mi2), Coddle Creek (78.8 mi2), Reedy Creek (43.0 mi2), Irish Buffalo/Coldwater Creeks (110 mi2), Dutch Buffalo Creek (99 mi2), Long Creek (200 mi2), Richardson Creek (234 mi2), and Lanes Creek (135 mi2). In the 20-mile reach upstream from the mouth (about 22 percent of the river length), the drainage area increases by 648 mi2, or about 46 percent of the total drainage area as a result of the confluences with Long Creek, Richardson Creek, and Lanes Creek. Low-flow discharge profiles for the Rocky River include 7Q10, 30Q2, W7Q10, and 7Q2 discharges in a continuous profile with contributions from major tributaries included. At the gaging stations above Irish Buffalo Creek and near Stanfield, the 7Q10 discharges are 25.2 and 42.3 cubic feet per second, corresponding to 0.09 and 0.07 cubic feet per second per square mile, respectively. At the gaging station near Norwood, the 7Q10 discharge is 45.8 cubic feet per second, equivalent to 0.03 cubic foot per second per square mile. Low-flow discharge profiles reflect the presence of several major flow diversions in the reaches upstream from Stanfield and an apparent losing reach between the continuous-record gaging stations near Stanfield and Norwood, North Carolina.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034147","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., and Fine, J.M., 2003, Low-flow characteristics and profiles for the Rocky River in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina, through 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4147, Report: v, 50 p.; 1 Plate: 14.33 x 20.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034147.","productDescription":"Report: v, 50 p.; 1 Plate: 14.33 x 20.96 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414148,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8131,\n 35.5692\n ],\n [\n -80.8131,\n 34.8467\n ],\n [\n -80.0917,\n 34.8467\n ],\n [\n -80.0917,\n 35.5692\n ],\n [\n -80.8131,\n 35.5692\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53219,"text":"ofr03403 - 2003 - Station corrections for the Katmai Region Seismic Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-07T14:37:26","indexId":"ofr03403","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-403","title":"Station corrections for the Katmai Region Seismic Network","docAbstract":"Most procedures for routinely locating earthquake hypocenters within a local network are constrained to using laterally homogeneous velocity models to represent the Earth's crustal velocity structure. As a result, earthquake location errors may arise due to actual lateral variations in the Earth's velocity structure. Station corrections can be used to compensate for heterogeneous velocity structure near individual stations (Douglas, 1967; Pujol, 1988). The HYPOELLIPSE program (Lahr, 1999) used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) to locate earthquakes in Cook Inlet and the Aleutian Islands is a robust and efficient program that uses one-dimensional velocity models to determine hypocenters of local and regional earthquakes. This program does have the capability of utilizing station corrections within it's earthquake location proceedure. The velocity structures of Cook Inlet and Aleutian volcanoes very likely contain laterally varying heterogeneities. For this reason, the accuracy of earthquake locations in these areas will benefit from the determination and addition of station corrections. In this study, I determine corrections for each station in the Katmai region. The Katmai region is defined to lie between latitudes 57.5 degrees North and 59.00 degrees north and longitudes -154.00 and -156.00 (see Figure 1) and includes Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Mount Martin, Mount Mageik, Snowy Mountain, Mount Trident, and Mount Griggs volcanoes. Station corrections were determined using the computer program VELEST (Kissling, 1994). VELEST inverts arrival time data for one-dimensional velocity models and station corrections using a joint hypocenter determination technique. VELEST can also be used to locate single events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03403","usgsCitation":"Searcy, C.K., 2003, Station corrections for the Katmai Region Seismic Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-403, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03403.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03403.jpg"},{"id":4846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0403/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285857,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0403/pdf/of03-403.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katami Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,57.5 ], [ -156.0,59.0 ], [ -154.0,59.0 ], [ -154.0,57.5 ], [ -156.0,57.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Searcy, Cheryl K.","contributorId":107013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51964,"text":"ofr03354 - 2003 - FORSPAN Model Users Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr03354","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-354","title":"FORSPAN Model Users Guide","docAbstract":"The USGS FORSPAN model is designed for the assessment of continuous accumulations of\r\ncrude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (collectively called petroleum). Continuous (also\r\ncalled ?unconventional?) accumulations have large spatial dimensions and lack well defined\r\ndown-dip petroleum/water contacts. Oil and natural gas therefore are not localized by buoyancy\r\nin water in these accumulations. Continuous accumulations include ?tight gas reservoirs,?\r\ncoalbed gas, oil and gas in shale, oil and gas in chalk, and shallow biogenic gas.\r\nThe FORSPAN model treats a continuous accumulation as a collection of petroleumcontaining\r\ncells for assessment purposes. Each cell is capable of producing oil or gas, but the\r\ncells may vary significantly from one another in their production (and thus economic)\r\ncharacteristics. The potential additions to reserves from continuous petroleum resources are\r\ncalculated by statistically combining probability distributions of the estimated number of\r\nuntested cells having the potential for additions to reserves with the estimated volume of oil and\r\nnatural gas that each of the untested cells may potentially produce (total recovery). One such\r\nstatistical method for combination of number of cells with total recovery, used by the USGS, is\r\ncalled ACCESS.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03354","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., and Charpentier, R., 2003, FORSPAN Model Users Guide (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-354, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03354.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db54689d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":244559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53180,"text":"wri034237 - 2003 - Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Table Rock Lake, Missouri, 1996–1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:44:51.988654","indexId":"wri034237","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4237","displayTitle":"Simulation of Hydrodynamics, Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen in Table Rock Lake, Missouri, 1996–1997","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Table Rock Lake, Missouri, 1996–1997","docAbstract":"Outflow from Table Rock Lake and other White River reservoirs support a cold-water trout fishery of substantial economic yield in south-central Missouri and north-central Arkansas. The Missouri Department of Conservation has requested an increase in existing minimum flows through the Table Rock Lake Dam from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to increase the quality of fishable waters downstream in Lake Taneycomo. Information is needed to assess the effect of increased minimum flows on temperature and dissolved- oxygen concentrations of reservoir water and the outflow.
A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic, temperature, and dissolved-oxygen model, CE-QUAL-W2, was developed and calibrated for Table Rock Lake, located in Missouri, north of the Arkansas-Missouri State line. The model simulates water-surface elevation, heat transport, and dissolved-oxygen dynamics. The model was developed to assess the effects of proposed increases in minimum flow from about 4.4 cubic meters per second (the existing minimum flow) to 11.3 cubic meters per second (the increased minimum flow). Simulations included assessing the effect of (1) increased minimum flows and (2) increased minimum flows with increased water-surface elevations in Table Rock Lake, on outflow temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations.
In both minimum flow scenarios, water temperature appeared to stay the same or increase slightly (less than 0.37 °C) and dissolved oxygen appeared to decrease slightly (less than 0.78 mg/L) in the outflow during the thermal stratification season. However, differences between the minimum flow scenarios for water temperature and dissolved- oxygen concentration and the calibrated model were similar to the differences between measured and simulated water-column profile values.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Green, W.R., Galloway, J.M., Richards, J.M., and Wesolowski, E.A., 2003, Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Table Rock Lake, Missouri, 1996–1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4237, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034237.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59514.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4237/wrir20034237.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003–4237"},{"id":175100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4237/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Table Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8722,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -93.8722,\n 36.3736\n ],\n [\n -93.25,\n 36.3736\n ],\n [\n -93.25,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -93.8722,\n 36.8333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
An atmospheric correction algorithm developed for the 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) global land dataset was modified to include a near real-time total column water vapour data input field to account for the natural variability of atmospheric water vapour. The real-time data input field used for this study is the Television and Infrared Observational Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Pathfinder A global total column water vapour dataset. It was validated prior to its use in the AVHRR atmospheric correction process using two North American AVHRR scenes, namely 13 June and 28 November 1996. The validation results are consistent with those reported by others and entail a comparison between TOVS, radiosonde, experimental sounding, microwave radiometer, and data from a hand-held sunphotometer. The use of this data layer as input to the AVHRR atmospheric correction process is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0143116021000053283","usgsCitation":"DeFelice, T.P., Lloyd, D., Meyer, D.J., Baltzer, T.T., and Piraina, P., 2003, Water vapour correction of the daily 1 km AVHRR global land dataset: Part I validation and use of the Water Vapour input field: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2365-2375, https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000053283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2365","endPage":"2375","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe96b0e4b0824b2d14d7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFelice, Thomas P.","contributorId":103831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd, D.","contributorId":146336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baltzer, T. T.","contributorId":146337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baltzer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piraina, P.","contributorId":146338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piraina","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70161950,"text":"70161950 - 2003 - Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:33:09","indexId":"70161950","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy","docAbstract":"We used analytic and simulation models to determine the ecological conditions favoring evolution of a matrotrophic fish from a lecithotrophic ancestor given a complex set of trade‐offs. Matrotrophy is the nourishment of viviparous embryos by resources provided between fertilization and parturition, while lecithotrophy describes embryo nourishment provided before fertilization. In fishes and reptiles, embryo nourishment encompasses a continuum from solely lecithotrophic to primarily matrotrophic. Matrotrophy has evolved independently from lecithotrophic ancestors many times in many groups. We assumed matrotrophy increased the number of offspring a viviparous female could gestate and evaluated conditions of food availability favoring lecithotrophy or matrotrophy. The matrotrophic strategy was superior when food resources exceeded demand during gestation but at a risk of overproduction and reproductive failure if food intake was limited. Matrotrophic females were leaner during gestation than lecithotrophic females, yielding shorter life spans. Our models suggest that matrotrophic embryo nourishment evolved in environments with high food availability, consistently exceeding energy requirements for maintaining relatively large broods. Embryo abortion with some resorption of invested energy is a necessary preadaptation to the evolution of matrotrophy. Future work should explore trade‐offs of age‐specific mortality and reproductive output for females maintaining different levels of fat storage during gestation.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/378822","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J.C., and DeAngelis, D., 2003, Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy: American Naturalist, v. 162, no. 5, p. 574-585, https://doi.org/10.1086/378822.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"585","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04fe4b039675d005e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185130,"text":"70185130 - 2003 - Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:58:27","indexId":"70185130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","docAbstract":"We have studied the effects of local topography and canopy structure on turbulent flux measurements at a site located in mountainous terrain within a subalpine, coniferous forest. Our primary aim was to determine whether the complex terrain of the site affects the accuracy of eddy flux measurements from a practical perspective. We observed displacement heights, roughness lengths, spectral peaks, turbulent length scales, and profiles of turbulent intensities that were comparable in magnitude and pattern to those reported for forest canopies in simpler terrain. We conclude that in many of these statistical measures, the local canopy exerts considerably more influence than does topographical complexity. Lack of vertical flux divergence and modeling suggests that the flux footprints for the site are within the standards acceptable for the application of flux statistics. We investigated three different methods of coordinate rotation: double rotation (DR), triple rotation (TR), and planar-fit rotation (PF). Significant variability in rotation angles at low wind speeds was encountered with the commonly used DR and TR methods, as opposed to the PF method, causing some overestimation of the fluxes. However, these differences in fluxes were small when applied to large datasets involving sensible heat and CO2 fluxes. We observed evidence of frequent drainage flows near the ground during stable, stratified conditions at night. Concurrent with the appearance of these flows, we observed a positive bias in the mean vertical wind speed, presumably due to subtle topographic variations inducing a flow convergence below the measurement sensors. In the presence of such drainage flows, advection of scalars and non-zero bias in the mean vertical wind speed can complicate closure of the mass conservation budget at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003, Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d1e4b0849ce97c86d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, Andrew A.","contributorId":189304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanken, Peter D.","contributorId":189305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanken","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baugh, William M.","contributorId":189306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Russell K.","contributorId":48136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189684,"text":"70189684 - 2003 - JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T10:16:14","indexId":"70189684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","conferenceDate":"August 19-21, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Rockville, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Steering Committee on Multimedia Environmental Models","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., Poeter, E., Doherty, J., Banta, E.R., and Babendreier, J., 2003, JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies, chap. of Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling, p. 57-58.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"57","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"ftp://brrcrftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/mows/pubs/leavesley_pubs/leavesley_pdf/cp0187.pdf#page=71"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c7e4b0ec1a4885daf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banta, Edward R. 0000-0001-8132-9315 erbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-9315","contributorId":2202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward","email":"erbanta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babendreier, Justin","contributorId":194926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babendreier","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206174,"text":"70206174 - 2003 - Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T06:37:19","indexId":"70206174","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-24T11:01:21","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault","docAbstract":"A transform fault is modeled as a vertical cut through an elastic layer (schizosphere) of thickness overlying a viscous substrate (plastosphere). We consider a steady transform motion accommodated in the schizosphere wholly by slip on the fault and in the plastosphere, insofar as possible, by viscous flow. For the case where the viscosity in the plastosphere is strain rate dependent but independent of temperature, the velocity solution in the plastosphere is θ/π, where is the slip rate on the fault in the schizosphere and and θ are the cylindrical coordinates with the origin at the bottom of the fault. The viscous stress is singular at the bottom of the fault ( = 0) and exceeds the brittle (frictional) strength for . Equating the brittle strength to the viscous stress defines the brittle–ductile boundary in the plastosphere as a function of and viscosity. The additional condition that must be small allows the viscosity to be estimated from . For small , the temperature‐independent solution is a valid approximation to the temperature‐dependent solution, and the relation between viscosity and should remain valid. From the temperature‐independent model, we estimate that self‐heating due to dissipation in the plastosphere for reasonable Earth parameters is less than ∼20°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000711","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Lachenbruch, A., 2003, Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, no. B1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000711.","productDescription":"2025, 13p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175111,"text":"70175111 - 2003 - A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T12:58:53","indexId":"70175111","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983","conferenceTitle":"6th biennial state of the estuary conference","conferenceDate":"October 21-23, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, Calif.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Higgins, S., Smith, R.E., Fuller, C.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983, 6th biennial state of the estuary conference, Oakland, Calif., October 21-23, 2003, p. 8-8.","productDescription":"1 pg.","startPage":"8","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad2ce4b05e859bdfb7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, S.A.","contributorId":53667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53073,"text":"ofr03303 - 2003 - Use of boundary fluxes when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T19:06:43","indexId":"ofr03303","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-303","title":"Use of boundary fluxes when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","docAbstract":"This report describes modifications to a\r\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) threedimensional\r\nsolute-transport model (MODFLOWGWT),\r\nwhich is incorporated into the USGS\r\nMODFLOW ground-water model as the Ground-\r\nWater Transport (GWT) Process. The\r\nmodifications improve the capability of\r\nMODFLOW-GWT to accurately simulate solute\r\ntransport in simulations that represent a nonzero\r\nflux across an aquifer boundary. In such\r\nsituations, the new Boundary Flux Package\r\n(BFLX) will allow the user flexibility to assign\r\nthe flux to specific cell faces, although that\r\nflexibility is limited for certain types of fluxes\r\n(such as recharge and evapotranspiration, which\r\ncan only be assigned to the top face if either is to\r\nbe represented as a boundary flux). The approach\r\nis consistent with that used in the MODPATH\r\nmodel. The application of the BFLX Package was\r\nillustrated using a test case in which the Lake\r\nPackage was active. The results using the BFLX\r\nPackage showed noticeably higher magnitudes of\r\nvelocity in the cells adjacent to the lake than\r\nprevious results without the BFLX Package.\r\nConsequently, solute was transported slightly\r\nfaster through the lake-aquifer system when the\r\nBFLX Package is active. However, the overall\r\nsolute distributions did not differ greatly from\r\nsimulations made without using the BFLX\r\nPackage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03303","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2003, Use of boundary fluxes when simulating solute transport with the MODFLOW ground-water transport process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-303, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03303.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/mf2k_gwt/doc/OFR03-303.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53076,"text":"ofr2003324 - 2003 - Alaskan North Slope petroleum systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:41:18.919069","indexId":"ofr2003324","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-324","title":"Alaskan North Slope petroleum systems","docAbstract":"Six North Slope petroleum systems are identified, described, and mapped using oil-to-oil and oil-to-source rock correlations, pods of active source rock, and overburden rock packages. To map these systems, we assumed that: a) petroleum source rocks contain 3.2 wt. % organic carbon (TOC); b) immature oil-prone source rocks have hydrogen indices (HI) >300 (mg HC/gm TOC); c) the top and bottom of the petroleum (oil plus gas) window occur at vitrinite reflectance values of 0.6 and 1.0% Ro, respectively; and d) most hydrocarbons are expelled within the petroleum window.
The six petroleum systems we have identified and mapped are: a) a southern system involving the Kuna-Lisburne source rock unit that was active during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous; b) two western systems involving source rock in the Kingak-Blankenship, and GRZ-lower Torok source rock units that were active during the Albian; and c) three eastern systems involving the Shublik-Otuk, Hue Shale and Canning source rock units that were active during the Cenozoic. The GRZ-lower Torok in the west is correlative with the Hue Shale to the east. Four overburden rock packages controlled the time of expulsion and gross geometry of migration paths: a) a southern package of Early Cretaceous and older rocks structurally-thickened by early Brooks Range thrusting; b) a western package of Early Cretaceous rocks that filled the western part of the foreland basin; c) an eastern package of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks that filled the eastern part of the foreland basin; and d) an offshore deltaic package of Neogene rocks deposited by the Colville, Canning, and Mackenzie rivers.
This petroleum system poster is part of a series of Northern Alaska posters on modeling. The poster in this session by Saltus and Bird present gridded maps for the greater Northern Alaskan onshore and offshore that are used in the 3D modeling poster by Lampe and others. Posters on source rock units are by Keller and Bird as well as Peters and others. Sandstone and shale compaction properties used in sedimentary basin modeling are covered in a poster by Rowan and others. The results of this modeling exercise will be used in our next Northern Alaska oil and gas resource assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003324","usgsCitation":"Magoon, L.B., Lillis, P., Bird, K.J., Lampe, C., and Peters, K.E., 2003, Alaskan North Slope petroleum systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-324, 3 Sheets: 96.78 × 38.71 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003324.","productDescription":"3 Sheets: 96.78 × 38.71 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59066.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -146,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -146,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lampe, C.","contributorId":104138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53077,"text":"ofr03325 - 2003 - Petroleum source potential of the Lower Cretaceous mudstone succession of the NPRA and Colville Delta area, North Slope Alaska, based on sonic and resistivity logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:37:25","indexId":"ofr03325","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-325","title":"Petroleum source potential of the Lower Cretaceous mudstone succession of the NPRA and Colville Delta area, North Slope Alaska, based on sonic and resistivity logs","docAbstract":"Resource assessment of the North Slope of Alaska by the U. S. Geological Survey includes evaluation of the petroleum source potential of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks using the delta log R technique (Passey and others, 1990). Porosity and resistivity logs are used in combination with thermal maturity data to produce a continuous profile of total organic carbon content in weight % (TOC). From the pattern and amount of TOC in the profile produced, the depositional setting and thus the petroleum source-rock potential (kerogen type) of the organic matter can be inferred and compared to interpretations from other data such as Rock-Eval pyrolysis. TOC profiles determined by this technique for the contiguous interval of pebble shale unit, Hue Shale (including the Gamma Ray Zone or GRZ), and lower part of the Torok Formation indicate important potential for petroleum generation in the Tunalik 1, Inigok 1, N. Inigok 1, Kuyanak 1, Texaco Colville Delta 1, Nechelik 1, and Bergschrund 1 wells of the western North Slope region. TOC profiles suggest that this interval contains both type II and III kerogens – consistent with proposed depositional models -- and is predominantly greater than 2 wt. % TOC (cut-off used for effective source potential). Average TOC for the total effective section of the pebble shale unit + Hue Shale ranges from 2.6 to 4.1 wt % TOC (values predominantly 2-8% TOC) over 192-352 ft. Source potential for the lower Torok Formation, which also has interbedded sandstone and lean mudstone, is good to negligible in these 7 wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03325","usgsCitation":"Keller, M.A., and Bird, K.J., 2003, Petroleum source potential of the Lower Cretaceous mudstone succession of the NPRA and Colville Delta area, North Slope Alaska, based on sonic and resistivity logs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-325, Sheet 1: 96.00 x 48.00 inches; Sheet 2: 96.00 x 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03325.","productDescription":"Sheet 1: 96.00 x 48.00 inches; Sheet 2: 96.00 x 48.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03325.jpg"},{"id":5254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285773,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0325/pdf/sheet1.pdf"},{"id":285774,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0325/pdf/sheet2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.0,68.0 ], [ -165.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,68.0 ], [ -165.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Margaret A. mkeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Margaret","email":"mkeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53080,"text":"ofr2003329 - 2003 - Sandstone and shale compaction curves derived from sonic and gamma ray logs in offshore wells, North Slope, Alaska– Parameters for basin modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:25:39.950653","indexId":"ofr2003329","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-329","title":"Sandstone and shale compaction curves derived from sonic and gamma ray logs in offshore wells, North Slope, Alaska– Parameters for basin modeling","docAbstract":"Representative compaction curves for the principle lithologies are essential input for reliable models of basin history. Compaction curves influence estimates of maximum burial and erosion. Different compaction curves may produce significantly different thermal histories. Default compaction curves provided by basin modeling packages may or may not be a good proxy for the compaction properties in a given area. Compaction curves in the published literature span a wide range, even within one lithology, e.g., sandstone (see Panel 3). An abundance of geophysical well data for the North Slope, from both government and private sources, provides us with an unusually good opportunity to develop compaction curves for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Brookian sandstones, siltstones, and shales. We examined the sonic and gamma ray logs from 19 offshore wells (see map), where significant erosion is least likely to have occurred. Our data are primarily from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Brookian sequence and are less complete for older sequences. \r\n\r\nFor each well, the fraction of shale (Vsh) at a given depth was estimated from the gamma ray log, and porosity was computed from sonic travel time. By compositing porosities for the near-pure sand (Vsh<1%) and shale (Vsh>99%)from many individual wells we obtained data over sufficient depth intervals to define sandstone and shale 'master' compaction curves. A siltstone curve was defined using the sonic-derived porosities for Vsh values of 50%. These compaction curves generally match most of the sonic porosities with an error of 5% or less. \r\n\r\nOnshore, the curves are used to estimate the depth of maximum burial at the end of Brookian sedimentation. The depth of sonic-derived porosity profiles is adjusted to give the best match with the 'master' compaction curves. The amount of the depth adjustment is the erosion estimate. Using our compaction curves, erosion estimates on the North Slope range from zero in much of the offshore, to as much as 1500 ft along the coast, and to more than 10,000 ft in the foothills (Panel 3). Compaction curves provide an alternative to vitrinite reflectance for estimating erosion. Vitrinite reflectance data are often very sparse in contrast to well log data and are subject to inconsistencies when measurements are made by different labs. The phenomenon of 'recycling' can also make the reflectance values of dispersed vitrinite problematic for quantifying erosion. Recycling is suspected in dispersed vitrinite in North Slope rocks, particularly in the younger, Cretaceous-Tertiary section. The compaction curves defined here are being integrated into our burial history and thermal models to determine the timing of source rock maturation. An example on Panel 3 shows the results of calculating the maturity of the Shublik Fm. at the Tulaga well using two different sets of shale and siltstone compaction curves. Finally, accurate compaction curves improve a model's ability to realistically simulate the pressure regime during burial, including overpressures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003329","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E.L., Hayba, D.O., Nelson, P.H., Burns, W.M., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2003, Sandstone and shale compaction curves derived from sonic and gamma ray logs in offshore wells, North Slope, Alaska– Parameters for basin modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-329, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003329.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-329/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392867,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59088.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Elisabeth L. 0000-0001-5753-6189 erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayba, Daniel O. 0000-0003-4092-1894 dhayba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"Daniel","email":"dhayba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, W. Matthew","contributorId":56742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53081,"text":"ofr03330 - 2003 - North Alaska petroleum system analysis: The regional map compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T21:13:49.976535","indexId":"ofr03330","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-330","title":"North Alaska petroleum system analysis: The regional map compilation","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey initiated an effort to model north Alaskan petroleum systems. The geographic and geologic basis for modeling systems is provided by a set of regional digital maps that allow evaluation of the widest possible extent of each system. Accordingly, we laid out a rectangular map grid 1300 km (800 miles) east-west and 600 km (375 miles) north-south. The resulting map area extends from the Yukon Territory of Canada on the east to the Russian-U.S. Chukchi Sea on the west and from the Brooks Range on the south to the Canada basin-Chukchi borderland on the north. Within this map region, we combined disparate types of publicly available data to produce structure contour maps. Data types range from seismic-based mapping as in the National Petroleum Reserve to well penetrations in areas of little or no seismic data where extrapolation was required. With these types of data, we produced structure contour maps on three horizons: top of pre-Mississippian (basement), top of Triassic (Ellesmerian sequence), and top of Neocomian (Beaufortian sequence). These horizons, when combined with present-day topography and bathymetry, provide the bounding structural/stratigraphic surfaces of the north Alaskan petroleum province that mark major defining moments of the region's geologic history and allow regional portrayal of preserved sediment accumulations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03330","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Bird, K.J., 2003, North Alaska petroleum system analysis: The regional map compilation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-330, 1 Plate: 93.75 x 37.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03330.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 93.75 x 37.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03330.jpg"},{"id":5257,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0330/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110447,"rank":700,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0330/pdf/of03-330.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"59087"},{"id":394064,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59087.htm"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 73\n ],\n [\n -172,\n 73\n ],\n [\n -172,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51526,"text":"ofr03267 - 2003 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T15:06:13","indexId":"ofr03267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-267","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2002","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained seismic monitoring networks at historically active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988 (Power and others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996; Jolly and others, 2001; Dixon and others, 2002). The primary objectives of this program are the seismic monitoring of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism. This catalog presents the basic seismic data and changes in the seismic monitoring program for the period January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2002. Appendix G contains a list of publications pertaining to seismicity of Alaskan volcanoes based on these and previously recorded data. The AVO seismic network was used to monitor twenty-four volcanoes in real time in 2002. These include Mount Wrangell, Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Katmai Volcanic Group (Snowy Mountain, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin), Aniakchak Crater, Mount Veniaminof, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski Peaks, Shishaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl Peak, Akutan Peak, Makushin Volcano, Great Sitkin Volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (Figure 1). Monitoring highlights in 2002 include an earthquake swarm at Great Sitkin Volcano in May-June; an earthquake swarm near Snowy Mountain in July-September; low frequency (1-3 Hz) tremor and long-period events at Mount Veniaminof in September-October and in December; and continuing volcanogenic seismic swarms at Shishaldin Volcano throughout the year. Instrumentation and data acquisition highlights in 2002 were the installation of a subnetwork on Okmok Volcano, the establishment of telemetry for the Mount Veniaminof subnetwork, and the change in the data acquisition system to an EARTHWORM detection system. AVO located 7430 earthquakes during 2002 in the vicinity of the monitored volcanoes. This catalog includes: (1) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations; (2) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) a description of velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2002; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, and location quality statistics; daily station usage statistics; and all HYPOELLIPSE files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2002.
The AVO seismic network was used to monitor twenty-four volcanoes in real time in 2002. These include Mount Wrangell, Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Katmai Volcanic Group (Snowy Mountain, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin), Aniakchak Crater, Mount Veniaminof, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski Peaks, Shishaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl Peak, Akutan Peak, Makushin Volcano, Great Sitkin Volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (Figure 1). Monitoring highlights in 2002 include an earthquake swarm at Great Sitkin Volcano in May-June; an earthquake swarm near Snowy Mountain in July-September; low frequency (1-3 Hz) tremor and long-period events at Mount Veniaminof in September-October and in December; and continuing volcanogenic seismic swarms at Shishaldin Volcano throughout the year. Instrumentation and data acquisition highlights in 2002 were the installation of a subnetwork on Okmok Volcano, the establishment of telemetry for the Mount Veniaminof subnetwork, and the change in the data acquisition system to an EARTHWORM detection system. AVO located 7430 earthquakes during 2002 in the vicinity of the monitored volcanoes.
This catalog includes: (1) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations; (2) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) a description of velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2002; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, and location quality statistics; daily station usage statistics; and all HYPOELLIPSE files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2002.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03267","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Tytgat, G., Moran, S.C., Sánchez, J., Estes, S., McNutt, S.R., and Paskievitch, J., 2003, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-267, Report: 58 p.; Appendix F; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03267.","productDescription":"Report: 58 p.; Appendix F; Data","numberOfPages":"58","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03267.jpg"},{"id":4546,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285716,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0267/pdf/of03-267.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":285717,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0267/pdf/appendixf.pdf","text":"Appendix F","size":"724 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix F"},{"id":285718,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0267/2002AVOEarthquakeCatalog.tar.Z","text":"Data File","size":"13 MB","description":"Data File"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -178.90136718749997,\n 50.792047064406844\n ],\n [\n -180,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.26685631430843\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -153.8525390625,\n 53.69670647530323\n ],\n [\n -178.90136718749997,\n 50.792047064406844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efa8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sánchez, John","contributorId":72056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sánchez","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, Steve","contributorId":55881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen R.","contributorId":38133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Paskievitch, John","contributorId":74050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":51520,"text":"ofr03302 - 2003 - Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:57:23.554746","indexId":"ofr03302","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-302","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"This geologic database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle was prepared by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program's National Geologic Map Database, and is intended to provide a general geologic setting of the Redlands quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.
\nThe Redlands 7.5' quadrangle contains earth materials and structures that provide insight into the late Cenozoic geologic evolution of the southern California Inland Empire region. Important stratigraphic and structural elements include (1) the modern trace of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults and (2) late Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last million years or so and that record complex geologic interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials and the structures that deform them provide the geologic framework for investigations of earthquake hazards and ground-water recharge and subsurface flow. Geologic information contained in the Redlands database is general-purpose data that is applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term \"general-purpose\" means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
\nThis summary pamphlet discusses major categories of surficial materials in the Redlands quadrangle, and provides a conceptual framework and basis for how geologicmap units containing such materials are recognized and correlated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03302","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino Vally Municipal Water District and California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Morton, D.M., Cox, B.F., Kendrick, K.J., Cossette, P.M., Jones, B., and Kennedy, S.A., 2003, Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-302, Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.35 x 31.14 inches; Readme: Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03302.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.35 x 31.14 inches; Readme: Metadata; Database","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03302.gif"},{"id":110445,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"58938"},{"id":4524,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398349,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58938.htm"},{"id":285762,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_map.pdf"},{"id":285759,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red_met.html"},{"id":285763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":285760,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red.tar.gz"},{"id":285761,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_attribute_codes.pdf"},{"id":285764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red_map.ps.gz"},{"id":285765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_dmu.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Redlands quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -117.25,34.125 ], [ -117.125,34.125 ], [ -117.125,34.0 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. jmatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cossette, Pamela M. 0000-0002-9608-6595 pcossette@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":1458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"Pamela","email":"pcossette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Bradley","contributorId":140585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Bradley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kennedy, Stephen A.","contributorId":140207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":53082,"text":"ofr03332 - 2003 - Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Missionary Ridge fire, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr03332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-332","title":"Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Missionary Ridge fire, Colorado","docAbstract":"These maps present the results of assessments of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris flows issuing from the basins burned by the Missionary Ridge fire of June 9 through July 14, 2002, near Durango, Colorado. The maps are based on a regression model for debris-flow peak discharge normalized by average storm intensity as a function of basin gradient and burned extent, and limited field checking. A range of potential peak discharges that could be produced from each of the burned basins between 1 ft3/s (0.03 m3/s) and 6,446 ft3/s (183 m3/s) is calculated for the 5-year, 1-hour storm of 0.80 inches (20 mm). Potential peak discharges between 1 ft3/s (0.03 m3/s) and >8,000 ft3/s (227 m3/s) are calculated for the 25-year, 1-hour storm of 1.3 inches (33 mm) and for the 100-year, 1-hour storm of 1.8 inches (46 mm). These maps are intended for use by emergency personnel to aid in the preliminary design of mitigation measures, and for the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03332","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Michael, J.A., Gartner, J.E., and Gleason, J.A., 2003, Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Missionary Ridge fire, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-332, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03332.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5258,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, J. Andrew","contributorId":47011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53085,"text":"ofr03349 - 2003 - Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection with GPR data and direct core measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr03349","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-349","title":"Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection with GPR data and direct core measurements","docAbstract":"Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used to track a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) injection in a laboratory sand tank. Before data reduction, GPR data provide a qualitative measure of DNAPL saturation and movement. One-dimensional (1D) GPR modeling provides a quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volume within a given thickness during and after the injection. This is confirmed qualitatively by visual inspection of cores and two-dimensional GPR modeling. DNAPL saturation in sub-layers of that thickness could not be quantified because calibration of the 1D GPR model is non-unique when both permittivity and depth of multiple layers are unknown. Accurate quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volumes using 1D GPR modeling requires: 1) identification of a suitable target that produces a strong reflection and is not subject to any multidimensional interference; 2) knowledge of the exact depth of that target; and 3) use of two-way radar-wave travel times through the medium to the target to determine the permittivity of the intervening material, which eliminates reliance upon reflection amplitude. With geologic conditions that are suitable for GPR surveys (i.e., shallow depths and low electrical conductivities), the procedures in this laboratory study can be adapted to a field site to identify DNAPL source zones after a release has occurred.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03349","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., and Poeter, E.P., 2003, Interpreting DNAPL saturations in a laboratory-scale injection with GPR data and direct core measurements (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-349, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03349.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e02ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53083,"text":"ofr03333 - 2003 - Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Coal Seam fire, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr03333","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-333","title":"Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Coal Seam fire, Colorado","docAbstract":"These maps present the results of assessments of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris flows issuing from the basins burned by the Coal Seam fire of June and July 2002, near Glenwood Springs, Colorado. The maps are based on a regression model for debris-flow peak discharge normalized by average storm intensity as a function of basin gradient and burned extent, and limited field checking. A range of potential peak discharges that could potentially be produced from each of the burned basins between 1 ft3/s (0.03 m3/s) and greater than 5,000 ft3/s (>141 m3/s) is calculated for the 5-year, 1-hour storm of 0.80 inches (20 mm). The 25-year, 1-hour storm of 1.3 inches (33 mm). The 100- year, 1-hour storm of 1.8 inches (46 mm) produced peak discharges between 1 and greater than 8,000 ft3/s (>227 m3/s). These maps are intended for use by emergency personnel to aid in the preliminary design of mitigation measures, and the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03333","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Michael, J.A., and Gartner, J.E., 2003, Assessment of potential debris-flow peak discharges from basins burned by the 2002 Coal Seam fire, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-333, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03333.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5281,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53087,"text":"ofr03360 - 2003 - Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:53:43.931696","indexId":"ofr03360","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-360","title":"Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"This aeromagnetic map covers the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, the Santa Clara Valley and surrounding mountains, part of which has been modelled in threedimensions (Jachens and other, 2001). The magnetic anomaly map has been compiled from existing digital data. Data was obtained from six aeromagnetic surveys that were flown at different times, spacings and elevations. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) for the date of each survey had been removed in the initial processing. The resulting residual magnetic anomalies were analytically continued onto a common surface 305 m (1000 ft) above terrain. Portions of each survey were substantially above the specified flight height listed in the table. The surveys were then merged together using a commercial software package called Oasis Montage. The gray lines on the map indicate the extent of each survey. The program used these regions of overlap to determine the best fit between surveys. Black dots show probable edges of magnetic bodies defined by the maximum horizontal gradient determined using a computer program by Blakely (1995).\n\nCrystalline rocks generally contain sufficient magnetic minerals to cause variations in the Earth’s magnetic field that can be mapped by aeromagnetic surveys. Sedimentary rocks are generally weakly magnetized and consequently have a small effect on the magnetic field: thus a magnetic anomaly map can be used to “see through” the sedimentary rock cover and can convey information on lithologic contrasts and structural trends related to the underlying crystalline basement (see Nettleton,1971; Blakely, 1995). Faults often cut magnetic bodies and offset magnetic anomalies can thus be used to help determine fault motion. Serpentinite, which is highly magnetic, is often found along faults. On this map areas of low magnetic anomalies are shown in blues and green while highs are shown in reds and magentas. Faults are from Brabb and others, 1998a,1998b, Graymer and others 1996, Lienkaemper, 1992 and Wentworth and others 1998.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03360","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C.W., and Jachens, R.C., 2003, Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-360, 1 Plate: 36.00 inches x 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03360.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 inches x 48.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03360.jpg"},{"id":285817,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0360/pdf/of03-360.pdf"},{"id":285782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0360/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,37.0000 ], [ -122.25,37.6333 ], [ -121.50,37.6333 ], [ -121.50,37.0000 ], [ -122.25,37.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53088,"text":"ofr03363 - 2003 - Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:58:33.054297","indexId":"ofr03363","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-363","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2002","docAbstract":"The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2001 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, and the Las Vegas urban corridor. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2002 as well as additional 1998 and 2001 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-File Report 00-215, USGS Open-File Report 01-198, and USGS Open-File Report 02-269). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. Information on ordering USGS publications can be found on the World Wide Web or by calling 1-888-ASK-USGS. The U.S. Geological Survey’s web server for geologic information in the western United States is located at http://geology.wr.usgs.gov. More information is available about the WESPT is available on-line at the team website.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03363","usgsCitation":"Powell, C., and Graymer, R., 2003, Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-363, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03363.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"23","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03363.jpg"},{"id":5285,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0363/pdf/of03-363.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles II","contributorId":96362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51523,"text":"ofr03293 - 2003 - Preliminary geologic map of the San Bernardino 30' x 60' quadrangle, California (includes preliminary GIS database)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T19:57:05.444366","indexId":"ofr03293","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-293","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the San Bernardino 30' x 60' quadrangle, California (includes preliminary GIS database)","docAbstract":"The San Bernardino 30'x60' quadrangle, southern California, is diagonally\r\n bisected by the San Andreas Fault Zone, separating the San Gabriel and San\r\n Bernardino Mountains, major elements of California's east-oriented Transverse\r\n Ranges Province. Included in the southern part of the quadrangle is the northern\r\n part of the Peninsular Ranges Province and the northeastern part of the\r\n oil-producing Los Angeles basin. The northern part of the quadrangle includes\r\n the southern part of the Mojave Desert Province. Pre-Quaternary rocks within the\r\n San Bernardino quadrangle consist of three extensive, well-defined basement rock\r\n assemblages, the San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, and the\r\n Peninsular Ranges assemblages, and a fourth assemblage restricted to a narrow\r\n block bounded by the active San Andreas Fault and the Mill Creek Fault. Each of\r\n these basement rock assemblages is characterized by a relatively unique suite of\r\n rocks that was amalgamated by the end of the Cretaceous and (or) early Cenozoic.\r\n Some Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks are unique to specific assemblages,\r\n and some overlap adjacent assemblages. A few Miocene and Pliocene units cross\r\n the boundaries of adjacent assemblages, but are dominant in only one. Tectonic\r\n events directly and indirectly related to the San Andreas Fault system have\r\n partly dismembered the basement rocks during the Neogene, forming the modern-day\r\n physiographic provinces.\r\n \r\n Rocks of the four basement rock assemblages are divisible into an older suite of\r\n Late Cretaceous and older rocks and a younger suite of post-Late Cretaceous rocks.\r\n The age span of the older suite varies considerably from assemblage to assemblage,\r\n and the point in time that separates the two suites varies slightly. In the\r\n Peninsular Ranges, the older rocks were formed from the Paleozoic to the end of\r\n Late Cretaceous plutonism, and in the Transverse Ranges over a longer period of\r\n time extending from the Proterozoic to metamorphism at the end of the Cretaceous.\r\n Within the Peninsular Ranges a profound diachronous unconformity marks the\r\n pre-Late Cretaceous-post-Late Cretaceous subdivision, but within the Transverse\r\n Ranges the division appears to be slightly younger, perhaps coinciding with the\r\n end of the Cretaceous or extending into the early Cenozoic. Initial docking of\r\n Peninsular Ranges rocks with Transverse Ranges rocks appears to have occurred at\r\n the terminus of plutonism within the Peninsular Ranges. During the Paleogene\r\n there was apparently discontinuous but widespread deposition on the basement rocks\r\n and little tectonic disruption of the amalgamated older rocks. Dismemberment of\r\n these Paleogene and older rocks by strike-slip, thrust, and reverse faulting began\r\n in the Neogene and is ongoing. The Peninsular Ranges basement rock assemblage is\r\n made up of the Peninsular Ranges batholith and a variety of metasedimentary rocks.\r\n Most of the plutonic rocks of the batholith are granodiorite and tonalite in\r\n composition; primary foliation is common, mainly in the eastern part. Tertiary\r\n sedimentary rocks of the Los Angeles Basin crop out in the Puente and San Jose\r\n Hills along with the spatially associated Glendora Volcanics; both units span the\r\n boundary between the Peninsular Ranges and San Gabriel Mountains basement rock\r\n assemblages.\r\n \r\n The San Gabriel Mountains basement rock assemblage includes two discrete areas,\r\n the high standing San Gabriel Mountains and the relatively low San Bernardino\r\n basin east of the San Jacinto Fault. The basement rock assemblage is\r\n characterized by a unique suite of rocks that include anorthosite, Proterozoic\r\n and Paleozoic gneiss and schist, the Triassic","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03293","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Miller, F.K., 2003, Preliminary geologic map of the San Bernardino 30' x 60' quadrangle, California (includes preliminary GIS database): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-293, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03293.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110443,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58935.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"58935"},{"id":4526,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-293/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino 30' x 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.0,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -117.0,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -117.0,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e3e4b07f02db4bb30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53094,"text":"ofr2003408 - 2003 - Maps Showing Inundation Depths, Ice-Rafted Erratics, and Sedimentary Facies of Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T08:43:05","indexId":"ofr2003408","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-408","title":"Maps Showing Inundation Depths, Ice-Rafted Erratics, and Sedimentary Facies of Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"Glacial Lake Missoula, impounded by the Purcell Trench lobe of the late Pleistocene Cordilleran Icesheet, repeatedly breached its ice dam, sending floods as large as 2,500 cubic kilometers racing across the Channeled Scabland and down the Columbia River valley to the Pacific Ocean. Peak discharges for some floods exceeded 20 million cubic meters per second. At valley constrictions along the flood route, floodwaters temporarily ponded behind each narrow zone. One such constriction at Kalama Gap-northwest of Portland-backed water 120-150 meters high in the Portland basin, and backflooded 200 km south into Willamette Valley. Dozens of floods backed up into the Willamette Valley, eroding 'scabland' channels, and depositing giant boulder gravel bars in areas of vigorous currents as well as bedded flood sand and silt in backwater areas. Also, large chunks of ice entrained from the breached glacier dam rafted hundreds of 'erratic' rocks, leaving them scattered among the flanking foothills and valley bottom. From several sources and our own mapping, we have compiled information on many of these features and depict them on physiographic maps derived from digital elevation models of the Portland Basin and Willamette Valley. These maps show maximum flood inundation levels, inundation levels associated with stratigraphic evidence of repeated floodings, distribution of flood deposits, and sites of ice-rafted erratics. Accompanying these maps, a database lists locations, elevations, and descriptions of approximately 400 ice-rafted erratics-most compiled from early 20th-century maps and notes of A.M. Piper and I.S. Allison.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003408","usgsCitation":"Minervini, J., O’Connor, J.E., and Wells, R., 2003, Maps Showing Inundation Depths, Ice-Rafted Erratics, and Sedimentary Facies of Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-408, Map: 55 x 34 inches; ReadMe; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003408.","productDescription":"Map: 55 x 34 inches; ReadMe; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003408.jpg"},{"id":297499,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/of03-408.pdf","text":"Maps","size":"31.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Maps"},{"id":297501,"rank":703,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/OF03_408_GDB.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"306 MB","description":"Geodatabase"},{"id":297502,"rank":704,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/erraticsmetadata.txt","size":"32 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":297503,"rank":705,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/OF03_408_SHP.zip","text":"Shapefile package","size":"306 MB","description":"Shapefile package"},{"id":110451,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59381.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"59381"},{"id":9743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297500,"rank":702,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-408/OF03408README.pdf","size":"272 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,44 ], [ -123.5,45.75 ], [ -122.36694444444444,45.75 ], [ -122.36694444444444,44 ], [ -123.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minervini, J.M.","contributorId":86041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minervini","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53109,"text":"ofr03326 - 2003 - Petroleum systems of the Alaskan North Slope: a numerical journey from source to trap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:35:43","indexId":"ofr03326","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-326","title":"Petroleum systems of the Alaskan North Slope: a numerical journey from source to trap","docAbstract":"The complex petroleum province of the Alaskan North Slope contains six petroleum systems (Magoon and others, this session). Source rocks for four of these systems include the Hue-gamma ray zone (Hue-GRZ), pebble shale unit, Kingak Shale, and Shublik Formation. Geochemical data for these source rocks are investigated in greater detail and provide the basis for numerical petroleum migration models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03326","usgsCitation":"Lampe, C., Peters, K.E., Magoon, L.B., Bird, K.J., and Lillis, P., 2003, Petroleum systems of the Alaskan North Slope: a numerical journey from source to trap: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-326, Sheet 1: 96.00 x 36.00 inches; Sheet 2: 93.75 x 37.50 inches; Sheet 3: 93.75 x 37.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03326.","productDescription":"Sheet 1: 96.00 x 36.00 inches; Sheet 2: 93.75 x 37.50 inches; Sheet 3: 93.75 x 37.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03326.jpg"},{"id":4670,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285777,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0326/pdf/sheet2.pdf"},{"id":285778,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0326/pdf/sheet3.pdf"},{"id":285776,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0326/pdf/sheet1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.85,68.0 ], [ -166.85,71.39 ], [ -141.0,71.39 ], [ -141.0,68.0 ], [ -166.85,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lampe, C.","contributorId":104138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}