A paleosecular variation (PSV) curve for western North America is presented on the basis of 94 virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from dated volcanic rocks sampled at 446 sites. Approximately 60% of the paleomagnetic database has been previously published. A curve defined by “spherical smoothed splines” is fitted to the VGPs, ranked by the quality of the age determinations, where the data density is highest between 3690 and −30 years before present (B.P.) (A.D. 1950), between 7800 and 7050 years B.P., and between 14,060 and 12,700 years B.P. The younger segments of the curve derived from volcanic rocks are similar but less complex than other high-resolution PSV curves derived from lacustrine sediments, particularly the record at Fish Lake, Oregon. The PSV record from lava flows (PSVL), however, is perhaps more reliable in its general shape and chronology because of the higher fidelity of volcanic rocks as magnetic field recorders and because of the greater density of 14C dates. The new PSVL record provides a partial Holocene master curve for western North America and will be of particular value in dating geological and archeological materials using paleomagnetic directions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000524","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., and Champion, D.E., 2002, A Holocene paleosecular variation from 14C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B1, p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"107","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e3e4b0c8380cd45cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024936,"text":"70024936 - 2002 - Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:18:20","indexId":"70024936","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, u i , provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in u i We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in u i . These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for u i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) u i ' is the appropriate estimator.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108872","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2002, Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ec1e4b0c8380cd63fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024963,"text":"70024963 - 2002 - Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:46:50","indexId":"70024963","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"Permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) are analytically noninterfering organic compounds with moderate to high fugacity from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) that are added to the lipid prior to membrane enclosure. Assuming that isotropic exchange kinetics (IEK) apply and that SPMD-water partition coefficients are known, measurement of PRC dissipation rate constants during SPMD field exposures and laboratory calibration studies permits the calculation of an exposure adjustment factor (EAF). In theory, PRC-derived EAF ratios reflect changes in SPMD sampling rates (relative to laboratory data) due to differences in exposure temperature, membrane biofouling, and flow velocity-turbulence at the membrane surface. Thus, the PRC approach should allow for more accurate estimates of target solute/vapor concentrations in an exposure medium. Under some exposure conditions, the impact of environmental variables on SPMD sampling rates may approach an order of magnitude. The results of this study suggest that most of the effects of temperature, facial velocity-turbulence, and biofouling on the uptake rates of analytes with a wide range of hydrophobicities can be deduced from PRCs with a much narrower range of hydrophobicities. Finally, our findings indicate that the use of PRCs permits prediction of in situ SPMD sampling rates within 2-fold of directly measured values.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es010991w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J., Almeida, F., Booij, K., Alvarez, D., Cranor, W., Clark, R., and Mogensen, B., 2002, Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 85-91, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010991w.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010991w"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Almeida, F.V.","contributorId":21325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almeida","given":"F.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Booij, K.","contributorId":11065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booij","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R.C.","contributorId":49952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mogensen, B.B.","contributorId":31179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogensen","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70024419,"text":"70024419 - 2002 - Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70024419","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","docAbstract":"Skewness of environmental data is often caused by more than simply a handful of outliers in an otherwise normal distribution. Statistical procedures for such datasets must be sufficiently robust to deal with distributions that are strongly non-normal, containing both a large proportion of outliers and a skewed main body of data. In the field of water quality, skewness is commonly associated with large variation over short distances. Spatial analysis of such data generally requires either considerable effort at modeling or the use of robust procedures not strongly affected by skewness and local variability. Using a skewed dataset of 675 nitrate measurements in ground water, commonly used methods for defining a surface (least-squares regression and kriging) are compared to a more robust method (loess). Three choices are critical in defining a surface: (i) is the surface to be a central mean or median surface? (ii) is either a well-fitting transformation or a robust and scale-independent measure of center used? (iii) does local spatial autocorrelation assist in or detract from addressing objectives? Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmetrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/env.531","issn":"11804009","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Ryker, S., 2002, Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data: Environmetrics, v. 13, no. 5-6, p. 445-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531.","startPage":"445","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478770,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.531"},{"id":231544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe39e4b0c8380cd4ebdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryker, S.J.","contributorId":16047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024463,"text":"70024463 - 2002 - Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:00","indexId":"70024463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","docAbstract":"Strong inference is a powerful and rapid tool that can be used to identify and explain patterns in molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. It is effective where causes are single and separable and where discrimination between pairwise alternative hypotheses can be determined experimentally by a simple yes or no answer. But causes in ecological systems are multiple and overlapping and are not entirely separable. Frequently, competing hypotheses cannot be distinguished by a single unambiguous test, but only by a suite of tests of different kinds, that produce a body of evidence to support one line of argument and not others. We call this process \"adaptive inference\". Instead of pitting each member of a pair of hypotheses against each other, adaptive inference relies on the exuberant invention of multiple, competing hypotheses, after which carefully structured comparative data are used to explore the logical consequences of each. Herein we present an example that demonstrates the attributes of adaptive inference that have developed out of a 30-year study of the resilience of ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2","usgsCitation":"Holling, C.S., and Allen, C.R., 2002, Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 4, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holling, Crawford S.","contributorId":20511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holling","given":"Crawford","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024379,"text":"70024379 - 2002 - Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:46:48.951238","indexId":"70024379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","docAbstract":"Seismic antennas constitute a powerful tool for the analysis of complex wave fields. Well-designed antennas can identify and separate components of a complex wave field based on their distinct propagation properties. The combination of several antennas provides the basis for a more complete understanding of volcanic wave fields, including an estimate of the location of each individual wave-field component identified simultaneously by at least two antennas. We used frequency-slowness analyses of data from three antennas to identify and locate the different components contributing to the wave fields recorded at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997. The wave-field components identified are (1) a sustained background volcanic tremor in the form of body waves generated in a shallow hydrothermal system located below the northeastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater; (2) surface waves generated along the path between this hydrothermal source and the antennas; (3) back-scattered surface wave energy from a shallow reflector located near the southeastern rim of Kilauea caldera; (4) evidence for diffracted wave components originating at the southeastern edge of Halemaumau; and (5) body waves reflecting the activation of a deeper tremor source between 02 hr 00 min and 16 hr 00 min Hawaii Standard Time on 11 February.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020037","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Huber, C.G., 2002, Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2333-2351, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020037.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2351","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.392772523819033\n ],\n [\n -155.23372650146484,\n 19.392772523819033\n ],\n [\n -155.23372650146484,\n 19.441665644565774\n ],\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.441665644565774\n ],\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.392772523819033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5089e4b0c8380cd6b75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Caleb G.","contributorId":48823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024328,"text":"70024328 - 2002 - Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T15:31:38.756575","indexId":"70024328","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Because maps typically represent the value of a single variable over 2-dimensional space, cartographers must simplify the display of multiscale complexity, temporal dynamics, and underlying uncertainty. A choropleth disease risk map based on data for polygonal regions might depict incidence (cases per 100,000 people) within each polygon for a year but ignore the uncertainty that results from finer-scale variation, generalization, misreporting, small numbers, and future unknowns. In response to such limitations, this paper reports on the bivariate mapping of data \"quantity\" and \"quality\" of Lyme disease forecasts for states of the United States. Historical state data for 1990-2000 are used in an autoregressive model to forecast 2001-2010 disease incidence and a probability index of confidence, each of which is then kriged to provide two spatial grids representing continuous values over the nation. A single bivariate map is produced from the combination of the incidence grid (using a blue-to-red hue spectrum), and a probabilistic confidence grid (used to control the saturation of the hue at each grid cell). The resultant maps are easily interpretable, and the approach may be applied to such problems as detecting unusual disease occurences, visualizing past and future incidence, and assembling a consistent regional disease atlas showing patterns of forecasted risks in light of probabilistic confidence.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304002782008413","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., 2002, Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 29, no. 4, p. 363-380, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304002782008413.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": 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watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024372","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds","docAbstract":"We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process complexity, which potentially affect the accuracy (bias and precision) of the model predictions of nitrogen export and source contributions to export. Using stream monitoring data and detailed estimates of the natural and cultural sources of nitrogen for 16 watersheds in the northeastern United States (drainage sizes = 475 to 70,000 km2), we assessed the accuracy of the model predictions of total nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen export. The model validation included the use of an error modeling technique to identify biases caused by model deficiencies in quantifying nitrogen sources and biogeochemical processes affecting the transport of nitrogen in watersheds. Most models predicted stream nitrogen export to within 50% of the measured export in a majority of the watersheds. Prediction errors were negatively correlated with cultivated land area, indicating that the watershed models tended to over predict export in less agricultural and more forested watersheds and under predict in more agricultural basins. The magnitude of these biases differed appreciably among the models. Those models having more detailed descriptions of nitrogen sources, land and water attenuation of nitrogen, and water flow paths were found to have considerably lower bias and higher precision in their predictions of nitrogen export.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015752801818","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Johnes, P., Boyer, E., and Smith, R.A., 2002, A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds: Biogeochemistry, v. 57-58, p. 295-339, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818.","startPage":"295","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818"},{"id":231887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57-58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36ee4b0c8380cd45ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnes, P.J.","contributorId":28020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174794,"text":"70174794 - 2002 - Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T13:10:09","indexId":"70174794","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model","docAbstract":"We assisted with development of a model for maternity habitat of the Indiana bat (Myotis soda/is), for use in conducting assessments of projects potentially impacting this endangered species. We started with an existing model, modified that model in a workshop, and evaluated the revised model, using data previously collected by others. Our analyses showed that higher indices of habitat suitability were associated with sites where Indiana bats were present and, thus, the model may be useful for identifying suitable habitat. Utility of the model, however, was based on a single component-density of suitable roost trees. Percentage of landscape in forest did not allow differentiation between sites occupied and not occupied by Indiana bats. Moreover, in spite of a general opinion by participants in the workshop that bodies of water were highly productive feeding areas and that a diversity of feeding habitats was optimal, we found no evidence to support either hypothesis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"A Symposium on the Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species","conferenceDate":"March 29- April 1, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY","language":"English","publisher":"Bat Conservation International","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Farmer, A., Cade, B., and Stauffer, D., 2002, Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model, in Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species, Lexington, KY, March 29- April 1, 2001, p. 172-179.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092ee4b0c1aacab7d3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, A.H.","contributorId":79063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, D.F.","contributorId":9317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024384,"text":"70024384 - 2002 - Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:30:56","indexId":"70024384","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","docAbstract":"To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential, industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid), cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), N,N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine (stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinking-water health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study, with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample. Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition, results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.
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Vegetation maps facilitate wildlife studies by allowing biologists to quantify the availability of important wildlife habitats, investigate the relationships between animal locations and the distribution or juxtaposition of habitat types, and assess or extrapolate habitat characteristics across regional areas.
To meet the needs of refuge managers and biologists, satellite imagery was chosen as the most cost-effective method for mapping the large, remote landscape of the 1002 Area.
Objectives of our study were the following: 1) evaluate a vegetation classification scheme for use in mapping. 2) determine optimal methods for producing a satellite-based vegetation map that adequately met the needs of the wildlife research and management objectives; 3) produce a digital vegetation map for the Arctic Refuge coastal plain using Lands at-Thematic Mapper(TM) satellite imagery, existing geobotanical classifications, ground data, and aerial photographs, and 4) perform an accuracy assessment of the map.
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","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Haroldson, M.A., Gunther, K.A., and Moody, D., 2002, Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1990-2000: Ursus, v. 13, p. 203-212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3873200"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 42.85985981506279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf48e4b0112df6c62e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moody, D.","contributorId":42562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4911,"text":"twri09A5 - 2002 - Chapter A5. Processing of water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T09:13:27","indexId":"twri09A5","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A5","title":"Chapter A5. Processing of water samples","docAbstract":"The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) describes protocols and provides guidelines for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter addresses methods to be used in processing water samples to be analyzed for inorganic and organic chemical substances, including the bottling of composite, pumped, and bailed samples and subsamples; sample filtration; solid-phase extraction for pesticide analyses; sample preservation; and sample handling and shipping. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93867","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Rabie, P.A., and Euliss, B., 2002, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93867.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93867.PNG"},{"id":312440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93867/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabie, Paul A. 0000-0003-4364-2268","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2268","contributorId":74328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":298134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":4889,"text":"ds40 - 2002 - Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: selected photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"ds40","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: selected photographs","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains 97 digital images of volcanoes along the Aleutian volcanic arc in Alaska. Perspectives include distant aerial shots, ground views of volcanic products and processes, and dramatic views of eruptions in progress. Each image is stored as a .PCD file in five resolutions. Brief captions, a location map, and glossary are included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds40","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., and McGimsey, R.G., 2002, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: selected photographs (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 40, Online resource; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds40.","productDescription":"Online resource; 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-40/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48e2e4b07f02db54e23b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44308,"text":"ofr97454 - 2002 - Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T12:17:20.325873","indexId":"ofr97454","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-03T21:50:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-454","title":"Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995","docAbstract":"In this report, we present preliminary data on surface and pore water geochemistry from 22 sites in south Florida sampled during 1994 and 1995. These results are part of a larger study designed to evaluate the role of biogeochemical processes in sediments in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the south Florida ecosystem. The data are briefly discussed in regard to regional trends in the concentrations of chemical species, and general diagenetic processes in sediments. These results are part of a larger study designed to evaluate the role of biogeochemical processes in sediments in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the south Florida ecosystem. These elements play a crucial role in regulating organic sedimentation, nutrient dynamics, redox conditions, and the biogeochemistry of mercury in the threatened wetlands of south Florida.\r\n\r\nPore water samples for chemical analyis were obtained using a piston corer/squeezer designed to avoid compression of the sediment and avoid oxidation and contamination of the pore water samples. Results show distinct regional trends in both surface water and pore water geochemistry. Most chemical species in surface and pore water show peak concentrations in Water Conservation Area 2A, with diminishing concentrations to the south and west into Water Conservation Area 3A, and Everglades National Park. The largest differences observed were for phosphate and sulfide, with concentrations in pore waters in Water Conservation Area 2A up to 500x higher than concentrations observed in freshwater marsh areas of Water Conservation Area 3A and Everglades National Park. Sites near the Hillsboro Canal in Water Conservation Area 2A are heavily contaminated with both phosphorus and sulfur. Pore water profiles for dissolved reactive phosphate suggest that recycling of phosphorus at these contaminated sites occurs primarily in the upper 20 cm of sediment. High levels of sulfide in pore water in Water Conservation Area 2A may inhibit mercury methylation here. At sites in Water Conservation Area 3A south of Alligator Alley, sulfide levels are much lower and sulfate reduction in the sediments here may be conducive to methyl mercury formation. Concentration versus depth profiles of biogeochemically important chemical species in pore water at most sites are smoth curves amenable to modelling using standard diagenetic equations. This should allow prediction of rates of biogeochemical processes in these sediments for incorporation in ecosystem models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97454","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Lerch, H.E., and Rawlik, P., 2002, Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-454, ii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97454.","productDescription":"ii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0454/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":3723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0454/ofr97454.pdf","text":"Report","size":"62.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-454"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 24.806681353851964\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 24.806681353851964\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 24.806681353851964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior, is the Nation's largest Earth-science information agency. Among its many responsibilities, such as map making and providing information on earthquakes and other natural hazards, the USGS provides information on the Nation's water resources. The USGS has collected and analyzed hydrologic (water-related) information for more than 100 years. In 1889, the first streamflow-gaging station (a site where regular observations of streamflow data are collected) operated in the United States by the USGS was established on the Rio Grande near Embudo, New Mexico. As the need for streamflow data increased, the USGS's streamflow-gaging program has grown to include more than 7,000 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. More than 90 percent of these stations are operated with at least partial support from State, local, or other Federal agencies
In Virginia, the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is a major cooperator in the streamflow-gaging program, which consists of 161 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations located throughout the State (fig. 1). The USGS and DEQ cooperate to publish the annual USGS State data report, 'Water Resources Data-Virginia'; this two-volume publication includes streamflow data collected at the 161 streamflow-gaging stations, chemical data collected at 19 streamflow-gaging stations, and ground-water data collected from more than 250 wells located in Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95713","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality - Water Division","usgsCitation":"Moberg, R.M., Rice, K.C., and Powell, E.D., 2002, Measuring streamflow in Virginia (2002 revision) (Revised in 2002): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-713, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95713.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0713/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53147,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0713/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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