An increasing number of network observatories have been established globally to collect long-term biogeochemical data at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Although many outstanding questions in biogeochemistry would benefit from network science, the ability of the earth- and environmental-sciences community to conduct synthesis studies within and across networks is limited and seldom done satisfactorily. We identify the ideal characteristics of networks, common problems with using data, and key improvements to strengthen intra- and internetwork compatibility. We suggest that targeted improvements to existing networks should include promoting standardization in data collection, developing incentives to promote rapid data release to the public, and increasing the ability of investigators to conduct their own studies across sites. Internetwork efforts should include identifying a standard measurement suite—we propose profiles of plant canopy and soil properties—and an online, searchable data portal that connects network, investigator-led, and citizen-science projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biw005","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, E., Andersen, S., Baron, J., Blanken, P., Bonan, G., Bowman, W., Elmendorf, S., Fierer, N., Andrew Fox, Goodman, K., Katherine Jones, Danica Lombardozzi, Claire Lunch, Neff, J., SanClements, M., Suding, K., and Wieder, W., 2016, Optimizing available network resources to address questions in environmental biogeochemistry: BioScience, v. 66, no. 4, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070048","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc3ff0e4b059daa47e463e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, Eve-Lyn","contributorId":167072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinckley","given":"Eve-Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Suzanne","contributorId":167073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersen","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanken, Peter","contributorId":167074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanken","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonan, Gordon","contributorId":167075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonan","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24610,"text":"NCAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowman, William","contributorId":167076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elmendorf, Sarah","contributorId":167078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmendorf","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fierer, Noah","contributorId":138711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fierer","given":"Noah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Andrew Fox","contributorId":167079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew Fox","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Goodman, Keli","contributorId":167080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Keli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Katherine Jones","contributorId":167081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katherine Jones","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Danica Lombardozzi","contributorId":167082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danica Lombardozzi","affiliations":[{"id":24610,"text":"NCAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Claire Lunch","contributorId":167083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claire Lunch","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Neff, Jason","contributorId":167084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"SanClements, Michael","contributorId":167085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"SanClements","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Suding, Katherine","contributorId":167086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suding","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wieder, Will","contributorId":167087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wieder","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24610,"text":"NCAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70168362,"text":"70168362 - 2016 - Ecology and conservation of Lesser Prairie-Chickens in sand shinnery oak prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:51:11","indexId":"70168362","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecology and conservation of Lesser Prairie-Chickens in sand shinnery oak prairies","docAbstract":"Sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) prairies are unique ecosystems endemic to sandy soils of eastern New Mexico, northwestern Texas, and western Oklahoma; the historic and current distribution of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) overlaps these prairie systems. Lesser Prairie-Chicken populations in sand shinnery oak prairies of the Southern Great Plains have declined substantially since the late 1980s, most likely due to conversion of nesting and brood-rearing habitat to row-crop agriculture and extended periods of drought. In addition to threats universal throughout the species distribution, this population is susceptible to a changing climate in an area that is already representative of an extreme environment for ground-nesting birds. Recent studies of Lesser Prairie-Chicken ecology in sand shinnery oak prairies have expanded our knowledge on the ecology and management of the species, but a thorough review of the historic and current literature is lacking. In addition, current management guidelines exist for Lesser Prairie-Chickens in mixed grass and sand sagebrush prairies, but there are no comprehensive management guidelines for the species in sand shinnery oak prairies. This information is paramount given unique aspects of the vegetation community, relative ecosystem drivers, and environmental variation in sand shinnery oak prairie and the species’ current status as a proposed threatened species under the United States Endangered Species Act. Herein, we provide a thorough synthesis of literature pertaining to the life history, habitat requirements, habitat management, and population management for Lesser Prairie-Chickens in sand shinnery oak prairie, provide management guidelines and recommendations for the species in this ecoregion, and highlight current and future research needs. Within our objectives, we place emphasis on two recently completed long-term investigations into Lesser Prairie-Chicken ecology in sand shinnery oak prairie - a 10-year vegetation data set collected in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, 2001–2011 and a 6-year Lesser Prairie-Chicken data set
collected in Roosevelt County, New Mexico and Cochran, Hockley, Terry, and Yoakum counties, Texas, 2006–2012.
This report describes, in a nontechnical style, the geologic history and mining activity in the Blue River region of Colorado, which includes all of Summit County. The geologic story begins with the formation of ancient basement rocks, as old as about 1700 million years, and continues with the deposition of sedimentary rocks on a vast erosional surface beginning in the Cambrian Period (about 530 million years ago). This deposition was interrupted by uplift of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains during the late Paleozoic Era (about 300 million years ago). The present Rocky Mountains began to rise at the close of the Mesozoic Era (about 65 million years ago). A few tens of millions years ago, rifting began to form the Blue River valley; a major fault along the east side of the Gore Range dropped the east side down, forming the present valley. The valley once was filled by sediments and volcanic rocks that are now largely eroded. During the last few hundred-thousand years, at least two periods of glaciation sculpted the mountains bordering the valley and glaciers extended down the Blue River valley as far south as present Dillon Reservoir. Discovery of deposits of gold, silver, copper, and zinc in the late 1800s, particularly in the Breckenridge region, brought an influx of early settlers. The world-class molybdenum deposit at Climax, mined since the First World War, reopened in 2012 after a period of closure.
\nThe report includes a glossary to explain geologic terms used in the text, and numerous photos, maps, and diagrams illustrate the geologic principles discussed. References for further reading are also included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1400","isbn":"978-1-4113-3966-8 (pbk.)","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K.S., Bryant, Bruce, and Shroba, R.R., 2016, Mountains, glaciers, and mines—The geological story of the Blue River valley, Colorado, and its surrounding mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1400, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1400.","productDescription":"vii, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1400/circ1400.pdf","text":"Report","size":"40.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1400"},{"id":317909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1400/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Blue River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.49871826171875,\n 40.10328591293442\n ],\n [\n -105.99334716796875,\n 40.10328591293442\n ],\n [\n -106.00296020507811,\n 39.82857709114199\n ],\n [\n -105.88485717773438,\n 39.69556418405592\n ],\n [\n -105.65414428710938,\n 39.606746222241476\n ],\n [\n -105.64041137695312,\n 39.48390532305253\n ],\n [\n -106.0015869140625,\n 39.299236474818194\n ],\n [\n -106.3641357421875,\n 39.30348722334712\n ],\n [\n -106.50009155273438,\n 39.642710095411786\n ],\n [\n -106.49871826171875,\n 40.10328591293442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Life-history trade-offs are influenced by variation in individual state, with individuals in better condition often completing life-history stages with greater success. Although resource accrual significantly impacts key life-history decisions such as the timing of reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving resource accumulation. Baseline corticosterone (CORT, the primary avian glucocorticoid) mediates daily and seasonal energetics, responds to changes in food availability, and has been linked to foraging behavior, making it a strong potential driver of individual variation in resource accrual and deposition. Working with a captive colony of white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi), we aimed to causally determine whether variation in baseline CORT drives individual body mass gains mediated through fattening rate (plasma triglycerides corrected for body mass). We implanted individuals with each of three treatment pellets to elevate CORT within a baseline range in a randomized order: control, low dose of CORT, high dose of CORT, then blood sampled and recorded body mass over a two-week period to track changes in baseline CORT, body mass, and fattening rates. The high CORT treatment significantly elevated levels of plasma hormone for a short period of time within the biologically relevant, baseline range for this species, but importantly did not inhibit the function of the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) axis. Furthermore, an elevation in baseline CORT resulted in a consistent increase in body mass throughout the trial period compared to controls. This is some of the first empirical evidence demonstrating that elevations of baseline CORT within a biologically relevant range have a causal, direct, and positive influence on changes in body mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1999","collaboration":"Holly L. Hennin; Oliver P. Love","usgsCitation":"Hennin, H., Berlin, A., and Love, O.P., 2016, Baseline glucocorticoids are drivers of body mass gain in a diving seabird: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 6, p. 1702-1711, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1999.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1702","endPage":"1711","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071675","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1999","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ff9bc5e4b0328dcb7eaa5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hennin, Holly","contributorId":168426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennin","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berlin, Alicia 0000-0002-5275-3077 aberlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":168416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Oliver P.","contributorId":168427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Love","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173789,"text":"70173789 - 2016 - Development of a bioenergetics model for the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-10T14:33:16","indexId":"70173789","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a bioenergetics model for the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus","docAbstract":"The Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is widely distributed across northern hemisphere ecosystems, has ecological influence as an abundant planktivore, and is commonly used as a model organism, but the species lacks a comprehensive model to describe bioenergetic performance in response to varying environmental or ecological conditions. This study parameterized a bioenergetics model for the Threespine Stickleback using laboratory measurements to determine mass- and temperature-dependent functions for maximum consumption and routine respiration costs. Maximum consumption experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 7.5°C to 23.0°C and a range of fish weights from 0.5 to 4.5 g. Respiration experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 8°C to 28°C. Model sensitivity was consistent with other comparable models in that the mass-dependent parameters for maximum consumption were the most sensitive. Growth estimates based on the Threespine Stickleback bioenergetics model suggested that 22°C is the optimal temperature for growth when food is not limiting. The bioenergetics model performed well when used to predict independent, paired measures of consumption and growth observed from a separate wild population of Threespine Sticklebacks. Predicted values for consumption and growth (expressed as percent body weight per day) only deviated from observed values by 2.0%. Our model should provide insight into the physiological performance of this species across a range of environmental conditions and be useful for quantifying the trophic impact of this species in food webs containing other ecologically or economically important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"CrossMark","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1079554","usgsCitation":"Hovel, R.A., Beauchamp, D.A., Hansen, A., and Sorel, M.H., 2016, Development of a bioenergetics model for the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 6, p. 1311-1321, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1079554.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1311","endPage":"1321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058066","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4abe4b04f417c27f51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hovel, Rachel A.","contributorId":171740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovel","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Adam G.","contributorId":103947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Adam G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorel, Mark H.","contributorId":171739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168353,"text":"70168353 - 2016 - Population connectivity and genetic structure of burbot (Lota lota) populations in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T11:40:02","indexId":"70168353","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population connectivity and genetic structure of burbot (Lota lota) populations in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Burbot (Lota lota) occur in the Wind River Basin in central Wyoming, USA, at the southwestern extreme of the species’ native range in North America. The most stable and successful of these populations occur in six glacially carved mountain lakes on three different tributary streams and one large main stem impoundment (Boysen Reservoir) downstream from the tributary populations. Burbot are rarely found in connecting streams and rivers, which are relatively small and high gradient, with a variety of potential barriers to upstream movement of fish. We used high-throughput genomic sequence data for 11,197 SNPs to characterize the genetic diversity, population structure, and connectivity among burbot populations on the Wind River system. Fish from Boysen Reservoir and lower basin tributary populations were genetically differentiated from those in the upper basin tributary populations. In addition, fish within the same tributary streams fell within the same genetic clusters, suggesting there is movement of fish between lakes on the same tributaries but that populations within each tributary system are isolated and genetically distinct from other populations. Observed genetic differentiation corresponded to natural and anthropogenic barriers, highlighting the importance of barriers to fish population connectivity and gene flow in human-altered linked lake-stream habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2422-y","usgsCitation":"Underwood, Z.E., Mandeville, E.G., and Walters, A.W., 2016, Population connectivity and genetic structure of burbot (Lota lota) populations in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: Hydrobiologia, v. 765, no. 1, p. 329-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2422-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059877","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.390869140625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -109.390869140625,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -108.0120849609375,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -108.0120849609375,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -109.390869140625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"765","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44830e4b0946c65211707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, Zachary E.","contributorId":166946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandeville, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":166947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168482,"text":"70168482 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal trends of drought effects in a heterogeneous semi-arid forest ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T13:26:05","indexId":"70168482","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends of drought effects in a heterogeneous semi-arid forest ecosystem","docAbstract":"Drought has long been recognized as a driving mechanism in the forests of western North America and drought-induced mortality has been documented across genera in recent years. Given the frequency of these events are expected to increase in the future, understanding patterns of mortality and plant response to severe drought is important to resource managers. Drought can affect the functional, physiological, structural, and demographic properties of forest ecosystems. Remote sensing studies have documented changes in forest properties due to direct and indirect effects of drought; however, few studies have addressed this at local scales needed to characterize highly heterogeneous ecosystems in the forest-shrubland ecotone. We analyzed a 22-year Landsat time series (1985–2012) to determine changes in forest in an area that experienced a relatively dry decade punctuated by two years of extreme drought. We assessed the relationship between several vegetation indices and field measured characteristics (e.g. plant area index and canopy gap fraction) and applied these indices to trend analysis to uncover the location, direction and timing of change. Finally, we assessed the interaction of climate and topography by forest functional type. The Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), a measure of canopy water content, had the strongest correlation with short-term field measures of plant area index (R2 = 0.64) and canopy gap fraction (R2 = 0.65). Over the entire time period, 25% of the forested area experienced a significant (p-value < 0.05) negative trend in NDMI, compared to less than 10% in a positive trend. Coniferous forests were more likely to be associated with a negative NDMI trend than deciduous forest. Forests on southern aspects were least likely to exhibit a negative trend while north aspects were most prevalent. Field plots with a negative trend had a lower live density, and higher amounts of standing dead and down trees compared to plots with no trend. Our analysis identifies spatially explicit patterns of long-term trends anchored with ground based evidence to highlight areas of forest that are resistant, persistent or vulnerable to severe drought. The results provide a long-term perspective for the resource management of this area and can be applied to similar ecosystems throughout western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.017","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Anderson, P.J., and Sibold, J., 2016, Spatial and temporal trends of drought effects in a heterogeneous semi-arid forest ecosystem: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 365, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070450","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"365","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44831e4b0946c65211715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibold, Jason","contributorId":10724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibold","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168367,"text":"70168367 - 2016 - Normalized burn ratios link fire severity with patterns of avian occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T13:00:09","indexId":"70168367","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalized burn ratios link fire severity with patterns of avian occurrence","docAbstract":"Remotely sensed differenced normalized burn ratios (DNBR) provide an index of fire severity across the footprint of a fire. We asked whether this index was useful for explaining patterns of bird occurrence within fire adapted xeric pine-oak forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
We evaluated the use of DNBR indices for linking ecosystem process with patterns of bird occurrence. We compared field-based and remotely sensed fire severity indices and used each to develop occupancy models for six bird species to identify patterns of bird occurrence following fire.
We identified and sampled 228 points within fires that recently burned within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. We performed avian point counts and field-assessed fire severity at each bird census point. We also used Landsat™ imagery acquired before and after each fire to quantify fire severity using DNBR. We used non-parametric methods to quantify agreement between fire severity indices, and evaluated single season occupancy models incorporating fire severity summarized at different spatial scales.
Agreement between field-derived and remotely sensed measures of fire severity was influenced by vegetation type. Although occurrence models using field-derived indices of fire severity outperformed those using DNBR, summarizing DNBR at multiple spatial scales provided additional insights into patterns of occurrence associated with different sized patches of high severity fire.
DNBR is useful for linking the effects of fire severity to patterns of bird occurrence, and informing how high severity fire shapes patterns of bird species occurrence on the landscape.
Non-native piscivores can alter food web dynamics; therefore, evaluating interspecific relationships is vital for conservation and management of ecosystems with introduced fishes. Priest Lake, Idaho, supports a number of introduced species, including lake troutSalvelinus namaycush, brook trout S. fontinalis and opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana. In this study, we used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to describe the food web structure of Priest Lake and to test hypotheses about apparent patterns in lake trout growth. We found that isotopic niches of species using pelagic-origin carbon did not overlap with those using more littoral-origin carbon. Species using more littoral-origin carbon, such as brook trout and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, exhibited a high degree of isotopic niche overlap and high intrapopulation variability in resource use. Although we hypothesised that lake trout would experience an ontogenetic diet shift, no such patterns were apparent in isotopic signatures. Lake trout growth rates were not associated with patterns in δ15N, indicating that variation in adult body composition may not be related to adult diet. Understanding trophic relationships at both the individual and species levels provides a more complete understanding of food webs altered by non-native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/eff.12273","usgsCitation":"Ng, E.L., Fredericks, J.P., and Quist, M., 2016, Stable isotope evaluation of population- and individual-level diet variability in a large, oligotrophic lake with non-native lake trout: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 26, no. 2, p. 271-279, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12273.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065567","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Priest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.93161010742188,\n 48.46973457587732\n ],\n [\n -116.93161010742188,\n 48.747587086042216\n ],\n [\n -116.81831359863281,\n 48.747587086042216\n ],\n [\n -116.81831359863281,\n 48.46973457587732\n ],\n [\n -116.93161010742188,\n 48.46973457587732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44832e4b0946c6521171c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eff.12273","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12273","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Ng Elizabeth L., Fredericks Jim P., Quist Michael C.","journalName":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","publicationDate":"1/12/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/12/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Elizabeth L.","contributorId":166901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ng","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13247,"text":"University of Idaho, Fish and Wildlife Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredericks, Jim P.","contributorId":166902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. mquist@usgs.gov","contributorId":166707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168354,"text":"70168354 - 2016 - Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T09:55:50","indexId":"70168354","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling","docAbstract":"Freshwater fishes utilising seasonally available habitats within annual migratory circuits time movements out of such habitats with changing hydrology, although individual attributes of fish may also mediate the behavioural response to environmental conditions. We tagged juvenile Arctic grayling in a seasonally flowing stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska and recorded migration timing towards overwintering habitat. We examined the relationship between individual migration date, and fork length (FL) and body condition index (BCI) for fish tagged in June, July and August in three separate models. Larger fish migrated earlier; however, only the August model suggested a significant relationship with BCI. In this model, 42% of variability in migration timing was explained by FL and BCI, and fish in better condition were predicted to migrate earlier than those in poor condition. Here, the majority (33%) of variability was captured by FL with an additional 9% attributable to BCI. We also noted strong seasonal trends in BCI reflecting overwinter mass loss and subsequent growth within the study area. These results are interpreted in the context of size and energetic state-specific risks of overwinter starvation and mortality (which can be very high in the Arctic), which may influence individuals at greater risk to extend summer foraging in a risky, yet prey rich, habitat. Our research provides further evidence that heterogeneity among individuals within a population can influence migratory behaviour and identifies potential risks to late season migrants in Arctic beaded stream habitats influenced by climate change and petroleum development.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/eff.12199","usgsCitation":"Heim, K.C., Wipfli, M.S., Whitman, M.S., and Seitz, A.C., 2016, Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 1, p. 156-166, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12199.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"166","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059954","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ublutuoch River","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44829e4b0946c652116c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heim, Kurt C.","contributorId":138832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168455,"text":"70168455 - 2016 - Disentangling vegetation diversity from climate–energy and habitat heterogeneity for explaining animal geographic patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:10:55","indexId":"70168455","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling vegetation diversity from climate–energy and habitat heterogeneity for explaining animal geographic patterns","docAbstract":"Broad-scale animal diversity patterns have been traditionally explained by hypotheses focused on climate–energy and habitat heterogeneity, without considering the direct influence of vegetation structure and composition. However, integrating these factors when considering plant–animal correlates still poses a major challenge because plant communities are controlled by abiotic factors that may, at the same time, influence animal distributions. By testing whether the number and variation of plant community types in Europe explain country-level diversity in six animal groups, we propose a conceptual framework in which vegetation diversity represents a bridge between abiotic factors and animal diversity. We show that vegetation diversity explains variation in animal richness not accounted for by altitudinal range or potential evapotranspiration, being the best predictor for butterflies, beetles, and amphibians. Moreover, the dissimilarity of plant community types explains the highest proportion of variation in animal assemblages across the studied regions, an effect that outperforms the effect of climate and their shared contribution with pure spatial variation. Our results at the country level suggest that vegetation diversity, as estimated from broad-scale classifications of plant communities, may contribute to our understanding of animal richness and may be disentangled, at least to a degree, from climate–energy and abiotic habitat heterogeneity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1972","usgsCitation":"Jimenez-Alfaro, B., Chytry, M., Mucina, L., Grace, J.B., and Rejmanek, M., 2016, Disentangling vegetation diversity from climate–energy and habitat heterogeneity for explaining animal geographic patterns: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 5, p. 1515-1526, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1972.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1526","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070923","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1972","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ae4b0946c652116d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja","contributorId":166894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez-Alfaro","given":"Borja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24568,"text":"Dept. of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chytry, Milan","contributorId":166895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chytry","given":"Milan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24569,"text":"Dept. of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mucina, Ladislav","contributorId":166896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mucina","given":"Ladislav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24570,"text":"School of Plant Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rejmanek, Marcel","contributorId":166897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rejmanek","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24571,"text":"Dept. of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168373,"text":"70168373 - 2016 - Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T14:37:31","indexId":"70168373","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon","docAbstract":"Wetlands are hotspots for production of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) that can bioaccumulate in the food web. The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) or granular activated carbon (GAC) to wetland sediment could reduce MeHg production and bioavailability to benthic organisms. Field mesocosms were installed in a wetland fringing Hodgdon Pond (Maine, USA), and ZVI and GAC were applied. Pore-water MeHg concentrations were lower in treated compared with untreated mesocosms; however, sediment MeHg, as well as total Hg (THg), concentrations were not significantly different between treated and untreated mesocosms, suggesting that smaller pore-water MeHg concentrations in treated sediment were likely due to adsorption to ZVI and GAC, rather than inhibition of MeHg production. In laboratory experiments with intact vegetated sediment clumps, amendments did not significantly change sediment THg and MeHg concentrations; however, the mean pore-water MeHg and MeHg:THg ratios were lower in the amended sediment than the control. In the laboratory microcosms, snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) accumulated less MeHg in sediment treated with ZVI or GAC. The study results suggest that both GAC and ZVI have potential for reducing MeHg bioaccumulation in wetland sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047","usgsCitation":"Lewis, A.S., Huntington, T.G., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Amirbahman, A., 2016, Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon: Environmental Pollution, v. 212, p. 366-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067067","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ce4b0946c652116f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ariel S.","contributorId":166710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24494,"text":"Univ. of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168456,"text":"70168456 - 2016 - Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T08:55:58","indexId":"70168456","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network","docAbstract":"The Streckeisen STS‐1 has been the primary vault‐type seismometer used in the over‐150‐station Global Seismographic Network (GSN). This sensor has long been known for its outstanding vertical, very long‐period (e.g., >100 s period), and low‐noise performance, although the horizontal long‐period noise performance is less well known. The STS‐1 is a limited, important resource, because it is no longer made or supported by the original manufacturer. We investigate the incoherent noise of horizontal‐component sensors, where coherent signals among sensors have been removed, giving an upper bound on the self‐noise of both the STS‐1 and STS‐2 horizontal components. Our findings suggest that a well‐installed STS‐2 could potentially produce data with similar or better incoherent noise levels to that of a horizontal‐component STS‐1. Along with our experimental investigation, we compare background noise levels for a calendar year at Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology/U.S. Geological Survey network stations, which comprise approximately two‐thirds of the GSN, with collocated STS‐1 and STS‐2 seismometers. The use of an STS‐2‐class of sensor (flat to velocity to 120 s period) to acquire low‐frequency data in surface‐vault installations would allow network operators to focus more attention on improving vertical data. In order to deal with the difference in instrument response shapes between the two instruments, we detail two different time‐domain filters that would allow users to convert broadband STS‐2 data into very broadband data with a response similar to that of an STS‐1 (flat to velocity to 360 s period). We conclude that the complexity of the current primary horizontal vault sensors in the GSN may not be necessary until we are better able to isolate surface horizontal sensors from various noise sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150181","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Steim, J., Zandt, T., Hutt, C.R., Wilson, D.C., and Storm, T., 2016, Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069766","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44831e4b0946c65211710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steim, J.M.","contributorId":88230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steim","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zandt, T","contributorId":166898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zandt","given":"T","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24572,"text":"Metrozet, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storm, Tyler 0000-0002-6787-9545 tstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-9545","contributorId":152165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"Tyler","email":"tstorm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206069,"text":"70206069 - 2016 - Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T06:42:44","indexId":"70206069","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:19:13","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) offers an opportunity to understand a warmer-than-present world and assess the predictive ability of numerical climate models. Environmental reconstruction and climate modelling are crucial for understanding the mPWP, and the synergy of these two, often disparate, fields has proven essential in confirming features of the past and in turn building confidence in projections of the future. The continual development of methodologies to better facilitate environmental synthesis and data/model comparison is essential, with recent work demonstrating that time-specific (time-slice) syntheses represent the next logical step in exploring climate change during the mPWP and realizing its potential as a test bed for understanding future climate change.
Adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from salt water to freshwater streams to spawn. Immune responses in migrating adult salmon are thought to diminish in the run up to spawning, though the exact mechanisms for diminished immune responses remain unknown. Here we examine both adaptive and innate immune responses as well as pathogen burdens in migrating adult Chinook salmon in the Upper Willamette River basin. Messenger RNA transcripts encoding antibody heavy chain molecules slightly diminish as a function of time, but are still present even after fish have successfully spawned. In contrast, the innate anti-bacterial effector proteins present in fish plasma rapidly decrease as spawning approaches. Fish also were examined for the presence and severity of eight different pathogens in different organs. While pathogen burden tended to increase during the migration, no specific pathogen signature was associated with diminished immune responses. Transcript levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF beta were measured and did not change during the migration. These results suggest that loss of immune functions in adult migrating salmon are not due to pathogen infection or cytokine-mediated immune suppression, but is rather part of the life history of Chinook salmon likely induced by diminished energy reserves or hormonal changes which accompany spawning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015","usgsCitation":"Dolan, B.P., Fisher, K.M., Colvin, M., Benda, S.E., Peterson, J., Kent, M., and Schreck, C.B., 2016, Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, v. 48, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068640","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Dam, Foster Dam, Minto Fish Collection Facility, Willamette Falls, Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, Brian P.","contributorId":166916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Kathleen M.","contributorId":43397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvin, Michael E.","contributorId":140975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benda, Susan E.","contributorId":166917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benda","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6638,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168366,"text":"70168366 - 2016 - Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:39:19","indexId":"70168366","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1326,"text":"Conservation Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century","docAbstract":"Wildlife conservation is losing ground in the U.S. for many reasons. The net effect is declines in species and habitat. To address this trend, the wildlife conservation institution (i.e., all customs, practices, organizations and agencies, policies, and laws with respect to wildlife) must adapt to contemporary social–ecological conditions. Adaptation could be supported by clear guidelines reflecting contemporary expectations for wildlife governance. We combine elements of public trust thinking and good governance to produce a broad set of wildlife governance principles. These principles represent guidance for ecologically and socially responsible wildlife conservation. They address persistent, systemic problems and, if adopted, will bring the institution into line with modern expectations for governance of public natural resources. Implementation will require changes in values, objectives, and processes of the wildlife conservation institution. These changes may be difficult, but promise improved wildlife conservation outcomes and increased support for conservation. We introduce challenges and opportunities associated with the principles, and encourage dialogue about them among scientists, practitioners, and other leaders in U.S. wildlife conservation. The principles alone will not change the course of conservation for the better, but may be necessary for such change to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub.","doi":"10.1111/conl.12211","usgsCitation":"Decker, D.J., Smith, C., Forstchen, A., Hare, D., Pomeranz, E., Doyle-Capitman, C., Schuler, K., and Organ, J.F., 2016, Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century: Conservation Letters, v. 9, no. 4, p. 290-295, https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12211.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"295","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064488","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, Daniel J.","contributorId":166906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christian","contributorId":95065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forstchen, Ann","contributorId":166904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forstchen","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Darragh","contributorId":166905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Darragh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pomeranz, Emily","contributorId":166907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeranz","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle-Capitman, Catherine","contributorId":166908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle-Capitman","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Organ, John F. 0000-0002-0959-0639 jorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639","contributorId":152568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Organ","given":"John","email":"jorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173989,"text":"70173989 - 2016 - Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:29:42","indexId":"70173989","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T02:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5094,"text":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2352-4855","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights","docAbstract":"Monitoring the outcome of restoration efforts is the only way to identify the status of a recovery and the most effective management strategies. In this paper, we discuss Chesapeake Bay and watershed recovery and factors influencing water quality trends. For over 30 years, the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership’s long-term tidal and watershed water quality monitoring networks have measured physical, chemical and biological parameters throughout the bay and its surrounding watershed underpinning an adaptive management process to drive ecosystem recovery. There are many natural and anthropogenic factors operating and interacting to affect the watershed and bay water quality recovery responses to management actions. Across habitats and indicators, the bay and its watershed continue to express a diverse spatial and temporal fabric of multiscale conditions, stressors and trends that show a range of health conditions and impairments, as well as evidence of progress and degradation. Recurrent independent reviews of the monitoring program have driven a culture of continued adaptation of the monitoring networks to reflect ever evolving management information needs. The adherence to bay and watershed-wide consistent monitoring protocols provides monitoring data supporting analyses and development of scientific syntheses that underpin indicator and model development, regulatory assessments, targeting of management actions, evaluation of management effectiveness, and directing of priorities and policies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2015.11.010","usgsCitation":"Tango, P.J., and Batiuk, R.A., 2016, Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights: Regional Studies in Marine Science, v. 4, p. 12-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2015.11.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067020","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Watershed includes New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 39.66914219401813\n ],\n [\n -75.465087890625,\n 39.66914219401813\n ],\n [\n -75.465087890625,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 36.85764758564407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6533e4b07657d1a11d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tango, Peter J. pjtango@usgs.gov","contributorId":4088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tango","given":"Peter","email":"pjtango@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batiuk, Richard A.","contributorId":8368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiuk","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173620,"text":"70173620 - 2016 - Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-09T13:17:14.793861","indexId":"70173620","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","title":"Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"Life-history characteristics of age-0 sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida, shoal chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma and sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki were compared using several methods. AllMacrhybopsis species consumed mostly midge pupae, but M. meeki had the most general diet (Levins' index, B = 0·22) compared with M. hyostoma (B = 0·02) and M. gelida (B = 0·09). Morisita's diet overlap index among species pairs ranged from 0·62 to 0·97 and was highest between M. hyostoma and M. gelida. Daily ages estimated from lapilli otoliths for each species ranged from 15 to 43 days for M. gelida, 19 to 44 for M. hyostoma and from 16 to 64 days for M. meeki. Mean growth rates ranged from 0·79 mm day−1 for M. meeki to 1·39 mm day−1 for M. gelida. Mortality estimates indicated high daily survivorship rates for M. meeki (0·985), but could not be estimated for the other two species. Hatch date histograms were congruent with the belief that M. hyostoma and M. gelida spawn periodically from June to September. Macrhybopsis meeki, however, appeared to respond to a specific spawning cue as hatch dates were unimodal with a peak in July. These results fill a gap in current knowledge of these imperilled species that can be used to guide management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12892","usgsCitation":"Starks, T.A., Miller, M., and Long, J.M., 2016, Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 88, no. 4, p. 1335-1349, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12892.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062101","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9331e4b04f417c275137","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jfb.12892","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12892","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Starks T. A., Miller M. L., Long J. M.","journalName":"Journal of Fish Biology","publicationDate":"2/16/2016","auditedOn":"4/2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starks, Trevor A.","contributorId":145640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starks","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M.L.","contributorId":244627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168702,"text":"70168702 - 2016 - Mercury correlations among blood, muscle, and hair of northern elephant seals during the breeding and molting fasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:52:26","indexId":"70168702","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury correlations among blood, muscle, and hair of northern elephant seals during the breeding and molting fasts","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring and toxicological risk assessments for marine mammals commonly sample different tissues, making comparisons to toxicity benchmarks and among species and regions difficult. Few studies have examined how life history events, such as fasting, influence the relationship between total Hg (THg) concentrations in different tissues. We evaluated the relationships between THg concentrations in blood, muscle, and hair of female and male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at the start and end of the breeding and molting fasts. The relationships between tissues varied among tissue pairs and differed by sampling period and sex. Blood and muscle were generally related at all time periods; however, hair, an inert tissue, did not strongly represent the metabolically active tissues (blood and muscle) at all times of year. The strongest relationships between THg concentrations in hair and those in blood or muscle were observed during periods of active hair growth (end of the molting period) or during time periods when internal body conditions were similar to those when the hair was grown (end of the breeding fast). Our results indicate that THg concentrations in blood or muscle can be translated to the other tissue type using the equations we developed, but that THg concentrations in hair were generally a poor index of internal THg concentrations except during the end of fasting periods.
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Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrients in the nexus","docAbstract":"Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the twentieth century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the twenty-first century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer-N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from farmers’ fields, resulting in water and air pollution. As human population continues to grow and food security improves in the developing world, the dual development goals of producing more nutritious food with low pollution will require both technological and socio-economic innovations in agriculture. Two case studies presented here, one in sub-Saharan Africa and the other in Midwestern United States, demonstrate how management of nutrients, water, and energy is inextricably linked in both small-scale and large-scale food production, and that science-based solutions to improve the efficiency of nutrient use can optimize food production while minimizing pollution. To achieve the needed large increases in nutrient use efficiency, however, technological developments must be accompanied by policies that recognize the complex economic and social factors affecting farmer decision-making and national policy priorities. Farmers need access to affordable nutrient supplies and support information, and the costs of improving efficiencies and avoiding pollution may need to be shared by society through innovative policies. Success will require interdisciplinary partnerships across public and private sectors, including farmers, private sector crop advisors, commodity supply chains, government agencies, university research and extension, and consumers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer US","doi":"10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","usgsCitation":"Davidson, E.A., DuBose, R., Ferguson, R.B., Palm, C., Osmond, D.L., and Baron, J., 2016, Nutrients in the nexus: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070397","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913dfe4b07657d19ff1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Eric A.","contributorId":7983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuBose, Rachel rldubose@ua.edu","contributorId":167204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuBose","given":"Rachel","email":"rldubose@ua.edu","affiliations":[{"id":37195,"text":"The University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":621392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Richard B.","contributorId":167205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palm, Cheryl","contributorId":167206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palm","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osmond, Deanna L.","contributorId":167207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmond","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":174080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169998,"text":"70169998 - 2016 - Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T13:10:03","indexId":"70169998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity provisions water and nutrient subsidies to floodplain wetlands and may be particularly important in floodplains with seasonal water deficits through its effects on soil moisture. In this study, we measured sapflow in 26 trees of two dominant floodplain forest species (Celtis laevigata and Quercus lyrata) at two hydrologically distinct sites in the lower White River floodplain in Arkansas, USA. Our objective was to investigate how connectivity-driven water table variations affected water use, an indicator of tree function. Meteorological variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit) were the dominant controls over water use at both sites; however, water table variations explained some site differences. At the wetter site, highest sapflow rates were during a late-season overbank flooding event, and no flood stress was apparent. At the drier site, sapflow decreased as the water table receded. The late-season flood pulse that resulted in flooding at the wetter site did not affect the water table at the drier site; accordingly, higher water use was not observed at the drier site. The species generally associated with wetter conditions (Q. lyrata) was more positively responsive to the flood pulse. Flood water subsidy lengthened the effective growing season, demonstrating ecological implications of hydrologic connectivity for alleviating water deficits that otherwise reduce function in this humid floodplain wetland.
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This study examined the effects of two alternative land use-change development scenarios in the Puget Sound region of Washington State on natural capital stocks and ES flows. Land-use change model outputs served as inputs to five ES models developed using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) platform. While natural capital stocks declined under managed (1.3–5.8%) and unmanaged (2.8–11.8%) development scenarios, ES flows increased by 18.5–56% and 23.2–55.7%, respectively. Human development of natural landscapes reduced their capacity for service provision, while simultaneously adding beneficiaries, particularly along the urban fringe. Using global and local Moran’s I, we identified three distinct patterns of change in ES due to projected landuse change. For services with location-dependent beneficiaries – open space proximity, viewsheds, and flood regulation – urbanization led to increased clustering and hot-spot intensities. ES flows were greatest in the managed land-use change scenario for open space proximity and flood regulation, and in the unmanaged land-use change scenario for viewsheds—a consequence of the differing ES flow mechanisms underpinning these services. We observed a third pattern – general declines in service provision – for carbon storage and sediment retention, where beneficiaries in our analysis were not location dependent. Contrary to past authors’ finding of ES declines under urbanization, a more nuanced analysis that maps and quantifies ES provision, beneficiaries, and flows better identifies gains and losses for specific ES beneficiaries as urban areas expand.
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In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the “Save the Bay, Eat a Ray” fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data suggests declines in large coastal sharks did not coincide with purported rapid increases in cownose ray abundance. Likewise, the increase in cownose ray abundance did not coincide with declines in commercial bivalves. The lack of temporal correlations coupled with published diet data suggest the purported trophic cascade is lacking the empirical linkages required of a trophic cascade. Furthermore, the life history parameters of cownose rays suggest they have low reproductive potential and their populations are incapable of rapid increases. Hypothesized trophic cascades should be closely scrutinized as spurious conclusions may negatively influence conservation and management decisions.
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The high-resolution 3D volume used in this study was collected in 2012 as part of Pacific Gas and Electric’s Central California Seismic Imaging Project. Three-dimensional seismic reflection data were acquired using a triple-plate boomer source (1.75 kJ) and a short-offset, 14-streamer, P-Cable system. The high-resolution seismic data were processed into a prestack time-migrated 3D volume and publicly released in 2014. Postprocessing, we employed dip-steering (dip and azimuth) and structural filtering to enhance laterally continuous events and remove random noise and acquisition artifacts. In addition, the structural filtering was used to enhance laterally continuous edges, such as faults. Following data conditioning, neural-network based meta-attribute workflows were used to detect and visualize faults and probable fluid-migration pathways within the 3D seismic volume. The workflow used in this study clearly illustrates the utility of advanced attribute analysis applied to high-resolution 3D P-Cable data. For example, results from the fault attribute workflow reveal a network of splayed and convergent fault strands within an approximately 1.3 km wide shear zone that is characterized by distinctive sections of transpressional and transtensional dominance. Neural-network chimney attribute calculations indicate that fluids are concentrated along discrete faults in the transtensional zones, but appear to be more broadly distributed amongst fault bounded anticlines and structurally controlled traps in the transpressional zones. These results provide high-resolution, 3D constraints on the relationships between strike-slip fault mechanics, substrate deformation, and fluid migration along an active fault system offshore central California.