The Northern Great Plains region of the US annually hosts a large portion of commercially managed U.S. honey bee colonies each summer. Changing land use patterns over the last several decades have contributed to declines in the availability of bee forage across the region, and the future sustainability of the region to support honey bee colonies is unclear. We examined the influence of varying land use on the survivorship and productivity of honey bee colonies located in six apiaries within the Northern Great Plains state of North Dakota, an area of intensive agriculture and high density of beekeeping operations. Land use surrounding the apiaries was quantified over three years, 2010–2012, and survival and productivity of honey bee colonies were determined in response to the amount of bee forage land within a 3.2-km radius of each apiary. The area of uncultivated forage land (including pasture, USDA conservation program fields, fallow land, flowering woody plants, grassland, hay land, and roadside ditches) exerted a positive impact on annual apiary survival and honey production. Taxonomic diversity of bee-collected pollen and pesticide residues contained therein varied seasonally among apiaries, but overall were not correlated to large-scale land use patterns or survival and honey production. The predominant flowering plants utilized by honey bee colonies for pollen were volunteer species present in unmanaged (for honey bees), and often ephemeral, lands; thus placing honey bee colonies in a precarious situation for acquiring forage and nutrients over the entire growing season. We discuss the implications for land management, conservation, and beekeeper site selection in the Northern Great Plains to adequately support honey bee colonies and insure long term security for pollinator-dependent crops across the entire country.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.030","usgsCitation":"Smart, M., Pettis, J.S., Euliss, N., and Spivak, M.S., 2016, Land use in the Northern Great Plains region of the U.S. influences the survival and productivity of honey bee colonies: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 230, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.030.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","ipdsId":"IP-077104","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b3e4b0e541a03c1a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smart, Matthew 0000-0003-0711-3035 msmart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":174424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Matthew","email":"msmart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettis, Jeff S.","contributorId":191870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettis","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr.","contributorId":178233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned H. Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spivak, Marla S.","contributorId":191871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spivak","given":"Marla","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184982,"text":"70184982 - 2016 - Amplification of postwildfire peak flow by debris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T13:59:44","indexId":"70184982","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplification of postwildfire peak flow by debris","docAbstract":"In burned steeplands, the peak depth and discharge of postwildfire runoff can substantially increase from the addition of debris. Yet methods to estimate the increase over water flow are lacking. We quantified the potential amplification of peak stage and discharge using video observations of postwildfire runoff, compiled data on postwildfire peak flow (Qp), and a physically based model. Comparison of flood and debris flow data with similar distributions in drainage area (A) and rainfall intensity (I) showed that the median runoff coefficient (C = Qp/AI) of debris flows is 50 times greater than that of floods. The striking increase in Qp can be explained using a fully predictive model that describes the additional flow resistance caused by the emergence of coarse-grained surge fronts. The model provides estimates of the amplification of peak depth, discharge, and shear stress needed for assessing postwildfire hazards and constraining models of bedrock incision.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL069661","usgsCitation":"Kean, J.W., McGuire, L., Rengers, F.K., Smith, J.B., and Staley, D.M., 2016, Amplification of postwildfire peak flow by debris: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 16, p. 8545-8553, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069661.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8545","endPage":"8553","ipdsId":"IP-078640","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069661","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7afa4e4b0849ce9795eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Luke lmcguire@usgs.gov","contributorId":167018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Luke","email":"lmcguire@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185052,"text":"70185052 - 2016 - Spawning and hatching of endangered Gila Chub in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T15:34:28","indexId":"70185052","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning and hatching of endangered Gila Chub in captivity","docAbstract":"Information on reproductive characteristics of the endangered Gila Chub Gila intermedia is largely limited and qualitative, and culture techniques and requirements are virtually unknown. Here we provide the first published data on spawning and selected reproductive and developmental characteristics of Gila Chub. Fish were brought to the laboratory in March 2003 from Sabino Creek, Arizona (12.3°C). Fish were then warmed slowly and spawned at 14.9°C, 10 d after collection. Following this initial spawning, Gila Chub spawned consistently in the laboratory without hormonal, chemical, photoperiod, temperature, or substrate manipulation during all times of the year. Spawns were noted at temperatures ranging from about 15°C to 26°C; however, we noted that Gila Chub spawned less frequently at temperatures above 24°C. Multiple spawning attempts per year per individual are probable. There was a strong, inverse relationship between time to hatch and incubation temperature. The hatch rate of eggs was high (mean = 99.43%), and larval Gila Chub accepted a variety of natural and formulated diets at first feeding. The future of Gila Chub may someday depend in part on hatchery propagation to provide specimens for restocking formerly occupied habitats and establishing refuge populations. Information from our study can aid future efforts to successfully spawn and rear Gila Chub and related species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15222055.2016.1167798","usgsCitation":"Schultz, A., and Bonar, S.A., 2016, Spawning and hatching of endangered Gila Chub in captivity: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 78, no. 4, p. 279-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2016.1167798.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"283","ipdsId":"IP-075850","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7afa1e4b0849ce9795ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Andrew A.","contributorId":189228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Andrew A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184366,"text":"70184366 - 2016 - Effects of spray-dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®) on reproduction and early development of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:55:20","indexId":"70184366","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of spray-dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®) on reproduction and early development of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).","docAbstract":"The biopesticide, Zequanox®, is registered for dreissenid mussel control in open water systems. Previous toxicity trials with nontarget organisms, including young-of-the year of several fish species and invertebrates, demonstrated selectivity of Zequanox for dreissenids. However, data are lacking on its safety to reproductive and early life stages of fish. The present study evaluated the effects of Zequanox on spawning and early life stages of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, at the maximum approved concentration (100 mg Zequanox active ingredient /L) and exposure duration (8 h) for open water application. The results showed no significant effect of Zequanox on survival, condition, or cumulative egg deposition (21 d) in adult fathead minnow. Eggs (<24-h old) exposed to Zequanox developed to the eyed-stage at a similar rate to that of unexposed eggs. Additionally, Zequanox did not have a significant effect on survival and growth (90 d) of newly hatched fry (<24-h old). The results indicate that Zequanox treatment will not affect survival, spawning, and early life development of fathead minnows when applied at the recommended treatment regime.","language":"English","publisher":"Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR)","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., and Luoma, J.A., 2016, Effects of spray-dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®) on reproduction and early development of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)., iv, 15 p.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-077767","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337018,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lccmr.leg.mn/projects/2013/finals/2013_06f_attachment_2.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41be4b0849ce97dc748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184324,"text":"70184324 - 2016 - Desert bighorn sheep lambing habitat: Parturition, nursery, and predation sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:55:33","indexId":"70184324","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert bighorn sheep lambing habitat: Parturition, nursery, and predation sites","docAbstract":"Fitness of female ungulates is determined by neonate survival and lifetime reproductive success. Therefore, adult female ungulates should adopt behaviors and habitat selection patterns that enhance survival of neonates during parturition and lactation. Parturition site location may play an important role in neonatal mortality of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) when lambs are especially vulnerable to predation, but parturition sites are rarely documented for this species. Our objectives were to assess environmental characteristics at desert bighorn parturition, lamb nursery, and predation sites and to assess differences in habitat characteristics between parturition sites and nursery group sites, and predation sites and nursery group sites. We used vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) to identify parturition sites and capture neonates. We then compared elevation, slope, terrain ruggedness, and visibility at parturition, nursery, and lamb predation sites with paired random sites and compared characteristics of parturition sites and lamb predation sites to those of nursery sites. When compared to random sites, odds of a site being a parturition site were highest at intermediate slopes and decreased with increasing female visibility. Odds of a site being a predation site increased with decreasing visibility. When compared to nursery group sites, odds of a site being a parturition site had a quadratic relationship with elevation and slope, with odds being highest at intermediate elevations and intermediate slopes. When we compared predation sites to nursery sites, odds of a site being a predation were highest at low elevation areas with high visibility and high elevation areas with low visibility likely because of differences in hunting strategies of coyote (Canis latrans) and puma (Puma concolor). Parturition sites were lower in elevation and slope than nursery sites. Understanding selection of parturition sites by adult females and how habitat characteristics at these sites differ from those at predation and nursery sites can provide insight into strategies employed by female desert bighorn sheep and other species during and after parturition to promote neonate survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21092","usgsCitation":"Karsch, R., Cain, J.W., Rominger, E.M., and Goldstein, E., 2016, Desert bighorn sheep lambing habitat: Parturition, nursery, and predation sites: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 6, p. 1069-1080, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21092.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1080","ipdsId":"IP-063342","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f4e4b014cc3a3ba4b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karsch, Rebekah C.","contributorId":64159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karsch","given":"Rebekah C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rominger, Eric M.","contributorId":91038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rominger","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Elise J.","contributorId":32825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Elise J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184322,"text":"70184322 - 2016 - Considering transient population dynamics in the conservation of slow life-history species: An application to the sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:00:00","indexId":"70184322","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Considering transient population dynamics in the conservation of slow life-history species: An application to the sandhill crane","docAbstract":"The importance of transient dynamics of structured populations is increasingly recognized in ecology, yet these implications are not largely considered in conservation practices. We investigate transient and long-term population dynamics to demonstrate the process and utility of incorporating transient dynamics into conservation research and to better understand the population management of slow life-history species; these species can be theoretically highly sensitive to short- and long-term transient effects. We are specifically interested in the effects of anthropogenic removal of individuals from populations, such as caused by harvest, poaching, translocation, or incidental take. We use the sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) as an exemplar species; it is long-lived, has low reproduction, late maturity, and multiple populations are subject to sport harvest. We found sandhill cranes to have extremely high potential, but low likelihood for transient dynamics, even when the population is being harvested. The typically low population growth rate of slow life-history species appears to buffer against many perturbations causing large transient effects. Transient dynamics will dominate population trajectories of these species when stage structures are highly biased towards the younger and non-reproducing individuals, a situation that may be rare in established populations of long-lived animals. However, short-term transient population growth can be highly sensitive to vital rates that are relatively insensitive under equilibrium, suggesting that stage structure should be known if perturbation analysis is used to identify effective conservation strategies. For populations of slow life-history species that are not prone to large perturbations to their most productive individuals, population growth may be approximated by equilibrium dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.014","usgsCitation":"Gerber, B.D., and Kendall, W., 2016, Considering transient population dynamics in the conservation of slow life-history species: An application to the sandhill crane: Biological Conservation, v. 200, p. 228-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-069777","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f4e4b014cc3a3ba4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, Brian D.","contributorId":187620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. 0000-0003-0084-9891 wkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":166709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William L.","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178871,"text":"70178871 - 2016 - Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T15:35:26","indexId":"70178871","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration","docAbstract":"Understanding the future impacts of climate and land use change are critical for long-term biodiversity conservation. We developed and compared two indices to assess the vulnerability of stream fish in Missouri, USA based on species environmental tolerances, rarity, range size, dispersal ability and on the average connectivity of the streams occupied by each species. These two indices differed in how environmental tolerance was classified (i.e., vulnerability to habitat alteration, changes in stream temperature, and changes to flow regimes). Environmental tolerance was classified based on measured species responses to habitat alteration, and extremes in stream temperatures and flow conditions for one index, while environmental tolerance for the second index was based on species’ traits. The indices were compared to determine if vulnerability scores differed by index or state listing status. We also evaluated the spatial distribution of species classified as vulnerable to habitat alteration, changes in stream temperature, and change in flow regimes. Vulnerability scores were calculated for all 133 species with the trait association index, while only 101 species were evaluated using the species response index, because 32 species lacked data to analyze for a response. Scores from the trait association index were greater than the species response index. This is likely due to the species response index's inability to evaluate many rare species, which generally had high vulnerability scores for the trait association index. The indices were consistent in classifying vulnerability to habitat alteration, but varied in their classification of vulnerability due to increases in stream temperature and alterations to flow regimes, likely because extremes in current climate may not fully capture future conditions and their influence on stream fish communities. Both indices showed higher mean vulnerability scores for listed species than unlisted species, which provided a coarse measure of validation. Our indices classified species identified as being in need of conservation by the state of Missouri as highly vulnerable. The distribution of vulnerable species in Missouri showed consistent patterns between indices, with the more forest-dominated, groundwater fed streams in the Ozark subregion generally having higher numbers and proportions of vulnerable species per site than subregions that were agriculturally dominated with more overland flow. These results suggest that both indices will identify similar habitats as conservation action targets despite discrepancies in the classification of vulnerable species. Our vulnerability assessment provides a framework that can be refined and used in other regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.013","usgsCitation":"Sievert, N., Paukert, C.P., Tsang, Y., and Infante, D.M., 2016, Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration: Ecological Indicators, v. 67, p. 403-416, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"416","ipdsId":"IP-069170","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dee4b077fc20250e0e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.013","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.013","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Sievert Nicholas A., Paukert Craig P., Tsang Yin-Phan, Infante Dana","journalName":"Ecological Indicators","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sievert, Nicholas A. 0000-0003-3160-7596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-7596","contributorId":177341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sievert","given":"Nicholas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, Yin-Phan","contributorId":177342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsang","given":"Yin-Phan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176136,"text":"70176136 - 2016 - Complex explosive volcanic activity on the Moon within Oppenheimer crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T08:47:15","indexId":"70176136","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-31T22:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex explosive volcanic activity on the Moon within Oppenheimer crater","docAbstract":"Oppenheimer Crater is a floor-fractured crater located within the South Pole-Aitken basin on the Moon, and exhibits more than a dozen localized pyroclastic deposits associated with the fractures. Localized pyroclastic volcanism on the Moon is thought to form as a result of intermittently explosive Vulcanian eruptions under low effusion rates, in contrast to the higher-effusion rate, Hawaiian-style fire fountaining inferred to form larger regional deposits. We use Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and Diviner Radiometer mid-infrared data, Chandrayaan-1 orbiter Moon Mineralogy Mapper near-infrared spectra, and Clementine orbiter Ultraviolet/Visible camera images to test the hypothesis that the pyroclastic deposits in Oppenheimer crater were emplaced via Vulcanian activity by constraining their composition and mineralogy. Mineralogically, we find that the deposits are variable mixtures of orthopyroxene and minor clinopyroxene sourced from the crater floor, juvenile clinopyroxene, and juvenile iron-rich glass, and that the mineralogy of the pyroclastics varies both across the Oppenheimer deposits as a whole and within individual deposits. We observe similar variability in the inferred iron content of pyroclastic glasses, and note in particular that the northwest deposit, associated with Oppenheimer U crater, contains the most iron-rich volcanic glass thus far identified on the Moon, which could be a useful future resource. We propose that this variability in mineralogy indicates variability in eruption style, and that it cannot be explained by a simple Vulcanian eruption. A Vulcanian eruption should cause significant country rock to be incorporated into the pyroclastic deposit; however, large areas within many of the deposits exhibit spectra consistent with high abundances of juvenile phases and very little floor material. Thus, we propose that at least the most recent portion of these deposits must have erupted via a Strombolian or more continuous fire fountaining eruption, and in some cases may have included an effusive component. These results suggest that localized lunar pyroclastic deposits may have a more complex origin and mode of emplacement than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.007","usgsCitation":"Bennett, K.A., Horgan, B.H., Gaddis, L.R., Greenhagen, B.T., Allen, C.C., Hayne, P.O., Bell, J., and Paige, D.A., 2016, Complex explosive volcanic activity on the Moon within Oppenheimer crater: Icarus, v. 273, p. 296-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.007.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"314","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067538","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon, Oppenheimer crater","volume":"273","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a02ce4b0f2f0cebdafc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Kristen A","contributorId":174122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":27362,"text":"ASU SESE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horgan, Briony H. N.","contributorId":174123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horgan","given":"Briony","email":"","middleInitial":"H. N.","affiliations":[{"id":27363,"text":"Purdue University, Dept. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenhagen, Benjamin T","contributorId":174124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenhagen","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":27364,"text":"Johns Hopkins Univ Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Carlton C.","contributorId":75451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayne, Paul O.","contributorId":174125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayne","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":27365,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bell, James F.","contributorId":174126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":27362,"text":"ASU SESE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70204518,"text":"70204518 - 2016 - Geochemistry, petrologic evolution, and ore deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-31T09:41:18","indexId":"70204518","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-31T09:26:22","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry, petrologic evolution, and ore deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"The southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc includes numerous volcanic fields; among these, the Bodie Hills volcanic field (BHVF), astride the California-Nevada border north of Mono Lake, is one of the largest (>700 km2) and most well studied. Episodic magmatism in the BHVF spanned about 9 million years between about 15 and 6 Ma; magmatic output was greatest between ca. 15.0 to 12.6 Ma and ca. 9.9 to 8.0 Ma. About two dozen contiguous and coalescing eruptive centers above middle- to shallow-crustal-level reservoirs generated several trachyandesite stratovolcanoes and numerous silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes whose compositional variations are consistent with fractionation of observed phenocryst phases. BHVF rocks have high-potassium calc-alkaline compositions consistent with generation of subduction-related continental margin arc magmas beneath thick continental crust. Radiogenic isotope ratios in BHVF rocks vary considerably but suggest somewhat enriched, crustal sources; isotopic ratios for some of the more primitive units are consistent with more depleted, mantle sources. Neither age nor whole-rock compositions of BHVF rocks are well correlated with isotopic variations. Textures and compositions of phenocrysts in BHVF rocks are in accord with the associated magma reservoirs evolving via open-system behavior. Reservoir recharge and subsequent incomplete homogenization are evidenced by the broad compositional diversity characteristic of many BHVF eruptive units. Significant compositional diversity among the products of coeval eruptive centers further suggests that centers responsible for BHVF magmatism were underlain by small, discrete, compositionally distinct, and closely spaced reservoirs.
Volcanic rocks of the BHVF host quartz-adularia and quartz-alunite epithermal gold-silver deposits, from which about 3.4 Moz. of gold and 28 Moz. of silver have been produced. The volcanic rocks and contained deposits are broadly coeval, which suggests that the associated magmas are the sources of heat, fluids, and metals involved in deposit genesis. Characteristics of the quartz-adularia deposits are consistent with derivation from near-neutral pH fluids at ≤250 °C, whereas those of the quartz-alunite systems require more acidic, oxidized, and sulfur-rich fluids at temperatures <250 °C. Economically viable precious metal accumulations are in fault-hosted vein deposits in the Bodie and Aurora districts. Circulation of hydrothermal fluids through permeable pyroclastic deposits but lacking prominent structural conduits resulted in large areas of altered but unmineralized rock.
Environmental simulation models, such as precipitation-runoff watershed models, are increasingly used in a deterministic manner for environmental and water resources design, planning, and management. In operational hydrology, simulated responses are now routinely used to plan, design, and manage a very wide class of water resource systems. However, all such models are calibrated to existing data sets and retain some residual error. This residual, typically unknown in practice, is often ignored, implicitly trusting simulated responses as if they are deterministic quantities. In general, ignoring the residuals will result in simulated responses with distributional properties that do not mimic those of the observed responses. This discrepancy has major implications for the operational use of environmental simulation models as is shown here. Both a simple linear model and a distributed-parameter precipitation-runoff model are used to document the expected bias in the distributional properties of simulated responses when the residuals are ignored. The systematic reintroduction of residuals into simulated responses in a manner that produces stochastic output is shown to improve the distributional properties of the simulated responses. Every effort should be made to understand the distributional behavior of simulation residuals and to use environmental simulation models in a stochastic manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019129","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., and Vogel, R.M., 2016, On the deterministic and stochastic use of hydrologic models: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5619-5633, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019129.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5619","endPage":"5633","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075481","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7W37TF4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release in support of &quot;One the Deterministic and Stochastic Use of Hydrologic Models&quot;"},{"id":326189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad6ae4b05e859bdfba82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189378,"text":"70189378 - 2016 - Managing water and riparian habitats on the Bill Williams River with scientific benefit for other desert river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T12:41:49","indexId":"70189378","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Managing water and riparian habitats on the Bill Williams River with scientific benefit for other desert river systems","docAbstract":"This report details modeling to: 1) codify flow-ecology relationships for riparian species of the Bill Williams River as operational guidance for water managers, 2) test the guidance under different climate scenarios, and 3) revise the operational guidance as needed to address the effects of climate change. Model applications detailed herein include the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and the Ecosystem Functions Model (HEC-EFM), which was used to generate more than three million estimates of local seedling recruitment areas. Areas were aggregated and compared to determine which scenarios generated the most seedling area per unit volume of water. Scenarios that maximized seedling area were grouped into a family of curves that serve as guidance for water managers. This work has direct connections to water management decision-making and builds upon and adds to the rich history of science-based management for the Bill Williams River, Arizona, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., Fields, W., Andrew Hautzinger, Sesnie, S., Shafroth, P.B., and Gilbert, D., 2016, Managing water and riparian habitats on the Bill Williams River with scientific benefit for other desert river systems, Report: xii, 90 p. .","productDescription":"Report: xii, 90 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"106","ipdsId":"IP-073662","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/publications/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona ","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.15206909179688,\n 34.178861487501464\n ],\n [\n -113.499755859375,\n 34.178861487501464\n ],\n [\n -113.499755859375,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -114.15206909179688,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -114.15206909179688,\n 34.178861487501464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673543e4b0d1f9f05dd7db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John","contributorId":194519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Woodrow","contributorId":194518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"Woodrow","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrew Hautzinger","contributorId":194520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew Hautzinger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sesnie, Steven","contributorId":194521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sesnie","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Dick","contributorId":194522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Dick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176582,"text":"70176582 - 2016 - First record of the common sandpiper for the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T16:47:32.951646","indexId":"70176582","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of the common sandpiper for the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The Diamond Valley flow system consists of six hydraulically connected hydrographic areas in central Nevada. The general down-gradient order of the areas are southern and northern Monitor Valleys, Antelope Valley, Kobeh Valley, Stevens Basin, and Diamond Valley. Groundwater flow in the Diamond Valley flow system terminates at a large playa in the northern part of Diamond Valley. Concerns relating to continued water-resources development of the flow system resulted in a phased hydrologic investigation that began in 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Eureka County. This report presents the culmination of the phased investigation to increase understanding of the groundwater resources of the basin-fill aquifers in the Diamond Valley flow system through evaluations of groundwater chemistry and budgets. Groundwater chemistry was characterized using major ions and stable isotopes from groundwater and precipitation samples. Groundwater budgets accounted for all inflows, outflows, and changes in storage, and were developed for pre-development (pre-1950) and recent (average annual 2011–12) conditions. Major budget components include groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration and groundwater withdrawals; groundwater recharge by precipitation, and interbasin flow; and storage change.
\nGroundwater in the basin-fill aquifer of the Diamond Valley flow system was mostly a calcium or sodium bicarbonate water type and generally within acceptable drinking-water standards. The general water type was similar among the individual hydrographic areas. Stable isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium from precipitation varied seasonally, such that enrichment from evaporation was greater during warmer months than cooler months. The isotopic signature of shallow groundwater was similar to cool season precipitation, indicating recharge was relatively recent (similar to recent climatic conditions) and was derived from cool season precipitation.
\nSite-scale groundwater evapotranspiration was estimated from eddy-covariance and micrometeorological measurements collected at four sites and ranged from 0.15 feet per year in sparse, undisturbed shrubland to 1.13 feet per year in a grassland meadow. Vegetation indices calculated from satellite imagery and field mapping were used to define three evapotranspiration units (shrubland, grassland, and playa) and to extrapolate site-scale groundwater evapotranspiration rates to basin-scale estimates. Annual pre-development groundwater evapotranspiration for individual hydrographic areas ranged from 2,900 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in northern Monitor Valley to 35,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley. Total groundwater evapotranspiration from the Diamond Valley flow system under pre-development conditions was about 70,000 acre-ft/yr.
\nAreas of irrigated land in the Diamond Valley flow system increased from less than 5,000 acres in the early 1960s to more than 25,000 acres in 2012 and are mostly for growing alfalfa in southern Diamond Valley. Annual (2011–12) net groundwater withdrawals for irrigation, assumed to be the volume of groundwater consumed by crops and pastureland, ranged from about 420 acre-ft/yr in Antelope Valley to 67,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley. Total net groundwater withdrawals for irrigation in the Diamond Valley flow system were about 69,000 acre-ft/yr (2011–12).
\nGroundwater recharge, the largest inflow component to the Diamond Valley flow system, was determined as the sum of groundwater evapotranspiration and net subsurface outflow (subsurface outflow minus subsurface inflow). Annual groundwater recharge estimates ranged from 200 acre-ft/yr in Stevens Basin to 35,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley.
\nSubsurface flow between hydrographic basins was evaluated using estimated transmissivity, groundwater-flow sections derived from remotely sensed imagery, and hydraulic gradients determined from 2012 water-level data. Subsurface outflow ranged from 0 acre-ft/yr for Diamond Valley to 3,400 acre-ft/yr for northern Monitor Valley into western Kobeh Valley. Subsurface inflow ranged from 0 acre-ft/yr for southern Monitor Valley to 4,200 acre-ft/yr for Kobeh Valley from northern Monitor and Antelope Valleys.
\nThe pre-development, steady state, groundwater budget for the Diamond Valley flow system was estimated at about 70,000 acre-ft/yr of inflow and outflow. During years 2011–12, inflow components of groundwater recharge from precipitation and subsurface inflow from adjacent basins totaled 70,000 acre-ft/yr for the DVFS, whereas outflow components included 64,000 acre-ft/yr of groundwater evapotranspiration and 69,000 acre-ft/yr of net groundwater withdrawals, or net pumpage. Spring discharge in northern Diamond Valley declined about 6,000 acre-ft/yr between pre-development time and years 2011–12. Assuming net groundwater withdrawals minus spring flow decline is equivalent to the storage change, the 2011–12 summation of inflow and storage change was balanced with outflow at about 133,000 acre-ft/yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Eureka County, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Berger, D.L., Mayers, C.J., Garcia, C.A., Buto, S.G., and Huntington, J.M., 2016, Budgets and chemical characterization of groundwater for the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5055, 83 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165055.","productDescription":"Report: x, 84 p.; Plate: 22 x 33 inches; 5 Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042275","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325830,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7JM27QV","text":"Irrigated Agricultural Lands and Associated Land Disturbance in the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2011"},{"id":325831,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75B00K7","text":"Groundwater Discharge Area for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada"},{"id":325832,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7930R9K","text":"Summer Mean Enhanced Vegetation Index for the Diamond Valley Flow System Groundwater Discharge Area, 2010"},{"id":325833,"rank":9,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DV1H0J","text":"Evapotranspiration Units for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2010"},{"id":325829,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71J97VZ","text":"Water-Level Altitude Contours for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2012"},{"id":325825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Report PDF"},{"id":325827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055_high-res.pdf","text":"Report - Print Resolution","size":"47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Report Print PDF"},{"id":325828,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055_plate.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Levels in Basin-Fill Deposits, Groundwater-Discharge Areas, and Agricultural Areas of the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada"},{"id":366584,"rank":10,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":" https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NZ9XSP","text":"Evapotranspiration data, Kobeh Valley, Nevada, 2010–12"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Elko County, Eureka County, Lander County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Diamond Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.33333,\n 38.33333\n ],\n [\n -117.33333,\n 40.33333\n ],\n [\n -115.33333,\n 40.33333\n ],\n [\n -115.33333,\n 38.33333\n ],\n [\n -117.33333,\n 38.33333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-07-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7020e4b0589fa1c98a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":2306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C. Justin","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Jena M. 0000-0002-9291-1404 jmhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-1404","contributorId":2294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Jena","email":"jmhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175148,"text":"70175148 - 2016 - Observations of cocooned Hydrobaenus (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T14:38:10.598471","indexId":"70175148","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-29T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Observations of cocooned Hydrobaenus (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae in Lake Michigan","title":"Observations of cocooned Hydrobaenus (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"
Larvae of the family Chironomidae have developed a variety of ways to tolerate environmental stress, including the formation of cocoons, which allows larvae to avoid unfavorable temperature conditions, drought, or competition with other chironomids. Summer cocoon formation by younger instars of the genus Hydrobaenus Fries allows persistence through increased temperatures and/or intermittent dry periods in arid regions or temporary habitats, but this behavior was not observed in the Great Lakes until the current study. Cocoon-aestivating Hydrobaenus sp. larvae were found in benthic grab samples collected in 2010–2013 near Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in northern Lake Michigan with densities up to 7329/m2. The aestivating species was identified as Hydrobaenus johannseni (Sublette, 1967), and the associated chironomid community was typical for an oligotrophic nearshore system. Hydrobaenus cocoon formation in the Great Lakes was likely previously unnoticed due to the discrepancies between the genus' life history and typical benthos sampling procedures which has consequences for describing chironomid communities where Hydrobaenus is present.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.013","usgsCitation":"Tucker, T.R., Hudson, P.L., and Riley, S., 2016, Observations of cocooned Hydrobaenus (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1129-1135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.013.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1129","endPage":"1135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074056","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.30172729492186,\n 44.71941709214612\n ],\n [\n -86.30172729492186,\n 45.14039877065943\n ],\n [\n -85.69610595703125,\n 45.14039877065943\n ],\n [\n -85.69610595703125,\n 44.71941709214612\n ],\n [\n -86.30172729492186,\n 44.71941709214612\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b9e4b060ce18fb2deb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Taaja R. 0000-0003-1534-4677 trtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-4677","contributorId":5172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Taaja","email":"trtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":169479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173844,"text":"sir20165087 - 2016 - Hydrogeologic investigations of the Miocene Nogales Formation in the Nogales Area, Upper Santa Cruz Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T16:01:20","indexId":"sir20165087","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-28T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5087","title":"Hydrogeologic investigations of the Miocene Nogales Formation in the Nogales Area, Upper Santa Cruz Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic investigations were conducted to evaluate the groundwater resource potential for the Miocene Nogales Formation in the Nogales area, southern Arizona. Results indicate that parts of the formation may provide new, deeper sources of groundwater for the area. Geologic mapping determined the hydrogeologic framework of the formation by defining lithologic, mineralogic, and stratigraphic characteristics; identifying potential aquifers and confining units; and mapping faults and fractures which likely influence groundwater flow. Geophysical modeling was used to determine the basin geometry and thickness of the Nogales Formation and younger alluvial aquifers and to identify target areas (deep subbasins) which may prove to be productive aquifers.
Volcaniclastic sandstone samples from the formation were analyzed for porosity, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and fabric. Effective porosity ranges from 16 to 42 percent, bulk density from 1.6 to 2.47 grams per cubic centimeter, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) from 4 to 57 centimeters per day (4.9×10-5 to 6.7×10-4 centimeters per second). Thin sections show that sandstone framework grains consist of quartz, feldspar, biotite, hornblende, pumice, volcanic glass, and opaque minerals. The matrix in most samples consists of pumice fragments, and some contain predominantly silt and clay. Samples with a mostly silt and clay matrix have lower porosity and SHC compared to samples with mostly pumice, which have higher and wider ranges of porosity and SHC. Pore space in the Nogales Formation sediments includes moldic, intercrystalline, and fracture porosity. Some intercrystalline pore space is partially filled with calcite cement. About one third of the samples contain fractures, which correspond to fractures noted in outcrops in all members of the formation.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that most of the samples contained the zeolite clinoptilolite and mixed-layer clay. X-ray diffraction analyses verified clinoptilolite as the only zeolite in Nogales Formation samples; they also verified the presence of smectite and illite clay and some kaolinite. Samples which contain greater amounts of clinoptilolite and lesser amounts of smectite have high porosity and SHC in narrow ranges. However, samples with abundant smectite and lesser amounts of clinoptilolite span the entire ranges of porosity and SHC for the formation.
All members of the Nogales Formation are fractured and faulted as a result of Tertiary Basin and Range extensional deformation, which was broadly contemporaneous with deposition of the formation. These structures may have significant influence on groundwater flow in the upper Santa Cruz basin because, although many of the sediments in the formation have characteristics indicating they may be productive aquifers based only on porous-media flow, fracturing in these sediments may further enhance permeability and groundwater flow in these basin-fill aquifers by orders of magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165087","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Gray, Floyd, Bultman, M.W., and Menges, C.M., 2016, Hydrogeologic investigations of the Miocene Nogales Formation in the Nogales area, upper Santa Cruz basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5087, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165087.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069611","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5087/sir20165087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5087"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Nogales Area, Upper Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.22970581054688,\n 31.33604401284106\n ],\n [\n -111.22970581054688,\n 31.847232251731132\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 31.847232251731132\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 31.33604401284106\n ],\n [\n -111.22970581054688,\n 31.33604401284106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Boreal soils play an important role in the global carbon cycle owing to the large amount of carbon stored within this northern region. To understand how carbon and nitrogen storage varied among different ecosystems, a vegetation gradient was established in the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, located in interior Alaska. The ecosystems represented are a black spruce (Picea mariana)–feather moss (for example, Hylocomium sp.) forest ecosystem, a shrub-dominated ecosystem, a tussock-grass-dominated ecosystem, a sedge-dominated ecosystem, and a rich fen ecosystem. Here, we report the physical, chemical, and descriptive properties for the soil cores collected at these sites. These data have been used to calculate carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates on a long-term (decadal and century) basis (Manies and others, in press).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161034","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Fuller, C.C., Xu, Xiaomei, and McGeehin, J.P., 2016, Soil data for a vegetation gradient located at Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Site, interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1034, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161034.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Data Files","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072809","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1034/ofr20161034_appendix.zip","text":"Data Files","size":"120 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1034"},{"id":325737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1034/ofr20161034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"393 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1034"}],"contact":"Contact Information
Soil Carbon Research - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 962
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://carbon.wr.usgs.gov/
http://carbon.wr.usgs.gov/people.html
The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico in January 2008 to collect seasonal time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the previous time-series data to include continuous results from January 2013 through May 2014. Ten taxa constituted ~95 percent of both the 2013 and 2014 assemblages: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group [The Gt. menardii group includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata], Orbulina universa, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. In 2013, the mean daily flux was 177 tests per square meter per day (m−2 day−1), with maximum fluxes of >1,200 tests m−2 day−1 during the middle of February and minimum fluxes of <13 tests m−2 day−1 during the beginning of November. In 2014, the mean daily flux was 189 tests m−2 day−1, with maximum fluxes of >900 tests m−2 day−1 at the end of January and minimum fluxes of <30 tests m−2 day−1 at the beginning of January. Globorotalia truncatulinoides showed a clear preference for the winter, consistent with data from 2008 to 2012. Globigerinoides ruber (white) flux data for 2012 (average 23 tests m−2 day−1) were consistent with data from 2011 (average 30 tests m−2 day−1) and 2010 (average 29 tests m−2 day−1) and showed a steady threefold increase since 2009 (average 11 tests m−2 day−1) and a tenfold increase from the 2008 flux (3 tests m−2 day−1). The flux data from 2013 (average 15 tests m−2 day−1) and 2014 (average 8 tests m−2 day−1) showed decline from the previous 3 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161115","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, C.E., and Richey, J.N., 2016, Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008–14: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1115, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161115.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073887","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1115/ofr20161115_table1.xls","text":"Planktic Foraminiferal Flux ","size":"264 KB xls","description":"OFR 2016-1115"},{"id":325708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/2016/1115/ofr20161115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"962 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1115"},{"id":325707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1115/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol 800, more than 188 000 LIBS spectra were acquired on more than 5800 points distributed over about 650 individual targets. We present a comprehensive review of ChemCam scientific accomplishments during that period, together with a focus on the lessons learned from the first use of LIBS in space. For data processing, we describe new tools that had to be developed to account for the uniqueness of Mars data. With regard to chemistry, we present a summary of the composition range measured on Mars for major-element oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O) based on various multivariate models, with associated precisions. ChemCam also observed H, and the non-metallic elements C, O, P, and S, which are usually difficult to quantify with LIBS. F and Cl are observed through their molecular lines. We discuss the most relevant LIBS lines for detection of minor and trace elements (Li, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). These results were obtained thanks to comprehensive ground reference datasets, which are set to mimic the expected mineralogy and chemistry on Mars. With regard to the first use of LIBS in space, we analyze and quantify, often for the first time, each of the advantages of using stand-off LIBS in space: no sample preparation, analysis within its petrological context, dust removal, sub-millimeter scale investigation, multi-point analysis, the ability to carry out statistical surveys and whole-rock analyses, and rapid data acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of ChemCam performance to survey the geochemistry of Mars, and its valuable support of decisions about selecting where and whether to make observations with more time and resource-intensive tools in the rover's instrument suite. In the end, we present a bird's-eye view of the many scientific results: discovery of felsic Noachian crust, first observation of hydrated soil, discovery of manganese-rich coatings and fracture fills indicating strong oxidation potential in Mars' early atmosphere, characterization of soils by grain size, and wide scale mapping of sedimentary strata, conglomerates, and diagenetic materials.
Background: Post-Pleistocene diversification of threespine stickleback in fresh water offers a valuable opportunity to study how changes in environmental salinity shape physiological evolution in fish. In Alaska, the presence of both ancestral oceanic populations and derived landlocked populations, including recent lake introductions, allows us to examine rates and direction of evolution of osmoregulation following halohabitat transition.
\nHypotheses: Strong selection for enhanced freshwater tolerance will improve survival of recently lake-introduced stickleback in ion-poor conditions compared with their oceanic ancestors. Trade-offs between osmoregulation in fresh water and seawater will allow members of the ancestral population to survive better in response to seawater challenge, as mediated by upregulating salt-secreting transporters in the gill. Poorer hypo-osmoregulatory performance of derived fish will be marked by higher levels of taurine and other organic osmolytes.
\nMethods: We reared clutches at a common salinity from an anadromous and a descendant population, Scout Lake, which has been landlocked for only two generations. We challenged 6-week-old juveniles with extreme low and high salinity treatments and sampled fish over 10 days to investigate putative molecular mechanisms underlying differences in halotolerance. We measured whole-body organic osmolyte content as well as gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) protein abundance. Other juveniles from these populations and also from Cheney Lake, a fourth-generation landlocked descendant, were gradually salt-acclimated to determine maximum halotolerance limits.
\nResults: Scout Lake stickleback exhibited 67% higher survival in fresh water than the ancestral anadromous population, but individuals from both groups exhibited similar seawater tolerance. Likewise, the gradual salinity threshold for each population was equivalent (71 ppt). Gill NKA activity and NKCC abundance were both higher in seawater-challenged fish, but did not differ between populations. Sticklebacks from both populations responded to acute salinity stress by transiently increasing osmolyte levels in seawater and decreasing them in fresh water.
\nConclusion: Enhanced freshwater tolerance has evolved rapidly in recently landlocked stickleback compared with their anadromous ancestors (0.569 haldanes), but the former have retained ancestral seawater-osmoregulatory function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Evolution and Ecology Research","usgsCitation":"Divino, J.N., Monette, M.Y., McCormick, S.D., Yancey, P.H., Flannery, K.G., Bell, M.A., Rollins, J.L., von Hippel, F., and Schultz, E., 2016, Osmoregulatory physiology and rapid evolution of salinity tolerance in threespine stickleback recently introduced to fresh water: Evolutionary Ecology Research, v. 17, p. 179-201.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"201","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070426","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://evolutionary-ecology.com/abstracts/v17/2982.html"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b1e9fe4b0589fa1c951cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Divino, Jeffrey N","contributorId":173236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divino","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monette, Michelle Y.","contributorId":95769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yancey, Paul H.","contributorId":173237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yancey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flannery, Kyle G.","contributorId":173238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bell, Michael A.","contributorId":173239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rollins, Jennifer L.","contributorId":173240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rollins","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"von Hippel, Frank A.","contributorId":96599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hippel","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schultz, Eric T.","contributorId":77071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Eric T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70174819,"text":"ofr20161111 - 2016 - Agricultural irrigated land-use inventory for the counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District in Florida, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T16:39:28","indexId":"ofr20161111","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-28T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1111","title":"Agricultural irrigated land-use inventory for the counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District in Florida, 2015","docAbstract":"A detailed inventory of irrigated crop acreage is not available at the level of resolution needed to accurately estimate agricultural water use or to project future water demands in many Florida counties. A detailed digital map and summary of irrigated acreage during the 2015 growing season was developed for 13 of the 15 counties that compose the Suwannee River Water Management District. The irrigated areas were delineated using land-use data, orthoimagery, and information obtained from the water management district consumptive water-use permits that were then field verified between May and November of 2015. Selected attribute data were collected for the irrigated areas, including crop type, primary water source, and type of irrigation system. Results indicate that an estimated 113,134 acres were either irrigated or had potential for irrigation in all or part of the 13 counties within the Suwannee River Water Management District during 2015. This estimate includes 108,870 acres of field-verified, irrigated crops and 4,264 acres of irrigated land observed as (1) idle (with an irrigation system visible but no crop present at the time of the field-verification visit), (2) acres that could not be verified during field visits, or (3) acres that were located on publicly owned research lands.
\nOf the total field-verified crops, 83,721 acres were field crops; 20,962 acres were vegetable crops (sometimes referred to as row crops); 3,089 acres were in tree nurseries, ornamentals, and sod production; and 1,098 acres were fruit crops. Specific irrigated crops included 32,468 acres of corn (primarily for silage); 28,170 acres of peanuts; and 10,331 acres of hay. About 40 percent of the vegetable acreage (8,340 acres) was double cropped (planted with both a spring and a fall crop on the same field). Beans, carrots, and watermelons were the most commonly grown vegetable crops in these 13 counties in 2015.
\nSprinkler irrigation systems including center pivots, portable or traveling guns, and permanent or solid overhead fixtures accounted for nearly 91 percent (102,874 acres) of the total irrigated acreage in the Suwannee River Water Management District, whereas microirrigation systems including drip irrigation accounted for 9 percent (10,260 acres) of the irrigated acreage. A total of 1,466 center pivots were observed during field verification in 2015 and accounted for 93,093 irrigated acres (which represents 82 percent of the total irrigated acreage). Most center pivots were in use at the time of the field verification, although about 3 percent appeared idle. No flood irrigation systems were observed during field verification in 2015. Overall, groundwater was used to irrigate nearly all of the field-verified acreage (99.8 percent). Dairy wastewater effluent was used on many fields during 2015; however, a quantitative estimate of acreage using effluent could not be determined.
\nIrrigated cropland totaled 26,927 acres in Suwannee County; 16,511 acres in Madison County; 14,862 acres in Hamilton County; and 14,155 acres in Gilchrist County; these four counties accounted for nearly two-thirds (64 percent) of the acres irrigated within the Suwannee River Water Management District during 2015. Corn (primarily for silage) and peanuts were the primary irrigated crops, accounting for 48, 70, and 71 percent, respectively, of the total irrigated acreage in Suwannee, Madison, and Gilchrist Counties; vegetables accounted for 52 percent of the total irrigated acres in Hamilton County. Other counties with substantial irrigated acreage included Levy (10,122 acres), Alachua (9,547 acres), and Lafayette (8,110 acres); these three counties, combined with Suwannee, Madison, Hamilton, and Gilchrist Counties, accounted for 88 percent of the irrigated acreage in the Suwannee River Water Management District.
\nThe irrigated acreage that was field verified in 2015 for the 13 counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District (113,134 acres) is about 6 percent higher than the estimated acreage published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (107,217 acres) for 2012; however, this 2012 value represents acreage for the entire portion of all 13 counties, not just the Suwannee River Water Management District portion. Differences between the 2015 field-verified acreage totals and those published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for 2012 may occur because (1) irrigated acreage for some specific crops increased or decreased substantially during the 3-year interval due to commodity prices or economic changes, (2) calculated field-verified irrigated acreage may be an overestimate because irrigation was assumed if an irrigation system was present and therefore the acreage was counted as irrigated, when in fact that may not have been the case as some farmers may not have used their irrigation systems during this growing period even if they had a crop in the field, or (3) the amount of irrigated acreages published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for selected crops may be underestimated in some cases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., Dixon, J.F., and Berry, D.R., 2016, Agricultural irrigated land-use inventory for the counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District in Florida, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1111, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161111.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; Appendixes: 1-2; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071711","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438580,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C4V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Map, Data, and GIS Files Pertaining to the Agricultural Irrigated Land-use Inventory for the Counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District, 2015"},{"id":325761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1111/ofr20161111_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"9.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1111 Appendix 1"},{"id":325760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1111/ofr20161111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1111"},{"id":325762,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1111/ofr20161111_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"216 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016–1111 Appendix 2"},{"id":325763,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C4V","text":"USGS data release - GIS Data and Tables Pertaining to the Agricultural Irrigated Land-use Inventory for the Counties in the Suwannee River Water Management District, 2015","description":"USGS data release"},{"id":325759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1111/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Water Management District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 30.680439786468128\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 30.58117925738696\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -82.0513916015625,\n 30.149877316442065\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 29.3965337391284\n ],\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 28.96489485992114\n ],\n [\n -83.0621337890625,\n 29.14736383122664\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 29.783449456820605\n ],\n [\n -84.0838623046875,\n 30.102365696412445\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 30.680439786468128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12703 Research Parkway
Orlando, FL 32826
Efficient and responsible management of water resources relies on accurate streamflow records. However, many watersheds are ungaged, limiting the ability to assess and understand local hydrology. Several tools have been developed to alleviate this data scarcity, but few provide continuous daily streamflow records at individual streamgages within an entire region. Building on the history of hydrologic mapping, ordinary kriging was extended to predict daily streamflow time series on a regional basis. Pooling parameters to estimate a single, time-invariant characterization of spatial semivariance structure is shown to produce accurate reproduction of streamflow. This approach is contrasted with a time-varying series of variograms, representing the temporal evolution and behavior of the spatial semivariance structure. Furthermore, the ordinary kriging approach is shown to produce more accurate time series than more common, single-index hydrologic transfers. A comparison between topological kriging and ordinary kriging is less definitive, showing the ordinary kriging approach to be significantly inferior in terms of Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiencies while maintaining significantly superior performance measured by root mean squared errors. Given the similarity of performance and the computational efficiency of ordinary kriging, it is concluded that ordinary kriging is useful for first-order approximation of daily streamflow time series in ungaged watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/hess-20-2721-2016","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., 2016, Ordinary kriging as a tool to estimate historical daily streamflow records: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2721-2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2721-2016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2735","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070177","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2721-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b1e9fe4b0589fa1c951cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175058,"text":"70175058 - 2016 - Evaluation of leaf removal as a means to reduce nutrient concentrations and loads in urban stormwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T09:50:40","indexId":"70175058","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-28T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of leaf removal as a means to reduce nutrient concentrations and loads in urban stormwater","docAbstract":"While the sources of nutrients to urban stormwater are many, the primary contributor is often organic detritus, especially in areas with dense overhead tree canopy. One way to remove organic detritus before it becomes entrained in runoff is to implement a city-wide leaf collection and street cleaning program. Improving our knowledge of the potential reduction of nutrients to stormwater through removal of leaves and other organic detritus on streets could help tailor more targeted municipal leaf collection programs. This study characterized an upper ideal limit in reductions of total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater through implementation of a municipal leaf collection and street cleaning program in Madison, WI, USA. Additional measures were taken to remove leaf litter from street surfaces prior to precipitation events.
\nLoads of total and dissolved phosphorus were reduced by 84 and 83% (p < 0.05), and total and dissolved nitrogen by 74 and 71% (p < 0.05) with an active leaf removal program. Without leaf removal, 56% of the annual total phosphorus yield (winter excluded) was due to leaf litter in the fall compared to 16% with leaf removal. Despite significant reductions in load, total nitrogen showed only minor changes in fall yields without and with leaf removal at 19 and 16%, respectively. The majority of nutrient concentrations were in the dissolved fraction making source control through leaf removal one of the few treatment options available to environmental managers when reducing the amount of dissolved nutrients in stormwater runoff. Subsequently, the efficiency, frequency, and timing of leaf removal and street cleaning are the primary factors to consider when developing a leaf management program.
\n\n
A period-of-record flow duration curve (FDC) represents the relationship between the magnitude and frequency of daily streamflows. Prediction of FDCs is of great importance for locations characterized by sparse or missing streamflow observations. We present a detailed comparison of two methods which are capable of predicting an FDC at ungauged basins: (1) an adaptation of the geostatistical method, Top-kriging, employing a linear weighted average of dimensionless empirical FDCs, standardised with a reference streamflow value; and (2) regional multiple linear regression of streamflow quantiles, perhaps the most common method for the prediction of FDCs at ungauged sites. In particular, Top-kriging relies on a metric for expressing the similarity between catchments computed as the negative deviation of the FDC from a reference streamflow value, which we termed total negative deviation (TND). Comparisons of these two methods are made in 182 largely unregulated river catchments in the southeastern U.S. using a three-fold cross-validation algorithm. Our results reveal that the two methods perform similarly throughout flow-regimes, with average Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiencies 0.566 and 0.662, (0.883 and 0.829 on log-transformed quantiles) for the geostatistical and the linear regression models, respectively. The differences between the reproduction of FDC's occurred mostly for low flows with exceedance probability (i.e. duration) above 0.98.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.06.008","usgsCitation":"Pugliese, A., Farmer, W.H., Castellarin, A., Archfield, S.A., and Vogel, R.M., 2016, Regional flow duration curves: Geostatistical techniques versus multivariate regression: Advances in Water Resources, v. 96, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.06.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070176","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b1e9fe4b0589fa1c951d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugliese, Alessio","contributorId":138746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugliese","given":"Alessio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12516,"text":"Dept. DICAM, Sch of CE, U of Bol, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castellarin, Attilio","contributorId":138747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castellarin","given":"Attilio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12516,"text":"Dept. DICAM, Sch of CE, U of Bol, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175072,"text":"70175072 - 2016 - A field ornithologist’s guide to genomics: Practical considerations for ecology and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:03:01","indexId":"70175072","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-28T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field ornithologist’s guide to genomics: Practical considerations for ecology and conservation","docAbstract":"Vast improvements in sequencing technology have made it practical to simultaneously sequence millions of nucleotides distributed across the genome, opening the door for genomic studies in virtually any species. Ornithological research stands to benefit in three substantial ways. First, genomic methods enhance our ability to parse and simultaneously analyze both neutral and non-neutral genomic regions, thus providing insight into adaptive evolution and divergence. Second, the sheer quantity of sequence data generated by current sequencing platforms allows increased precision and resolution in analyses. Third, high-throughput sequencing can benefit applications that focus on a small number of loci that are otherwise prohibitively expensive, time-consuming, and technically difficult using traditional sequencing methods. These advances have improved our ability to understand evolutionary processes like speciation and local adaptation, but they also offer many practical applications in the fields of population ecology, migration tracking, conservation planning, diet analyses, and disease ecology. This review provides a guide for field ornithologists interested in incorporating genomic approaches into their research program, with an emphasis on techniques related to ecology and conservation. We present a general overview of contemporary genomic approaches and methods, as well as important considerations when selecting a genomic technique. We also discuss research questions that are likely to benefit from utilizing high-throughput sequencing instruments, highlighting select examples from recent avian studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-16-49.1","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Oh, K., Langin, K., and Aldridge, C.L., 2016, A field ornithologist’s guide to genomics: Practical considerations for ecology and conservation: The Auk, v. 133, no. 4, p. 626-648, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-16-49.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"648","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073441","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-49.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b1e9de4b0589fa1c951b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oh, Kevin koh@usgs.gov","contributorId":173215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oh","given":"Kevin","email":"koh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langin, Kathryn klangin@usgs.gov","contributorId":173216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langin","given":"Kathryn","email":"klangin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168414,"text":"sir20155179 - 2016 - Quantifying the eroded volume of mercury-contaminated sediment using terrestrial laser scanning at Stocking Flat, Deer Creek, Nevada County, California, 2010–13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T11:38:03","indexId":"sir20155179","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-28T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5179","title":"Quantifying the eroded volume of mercury-contaminated sediment using terrestrial laser scanning at Stocking Flat, Deer Creek, Nevada County, California, 2010–13","docAbstract":"High-resolution ground-based light detection and ranging (lidar), also known as terrestrial laser scanning, was used to quantify the volume of mercury-contaminated sediment eroded from a stream cutbank at Stocking Flat along Deer Creek in the Sierra Nevada foothills, about 3 kilometers west of Nevada City, California. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to collect sub-centimeter, three-dimensional images of the complex cutbank surface, which could not be mapped non-destructively or in sufficient detail with traditional surveying techniques.
The stream cutbank, which is approximately 50 meters long and 8 meters high, was surveyed on four occasions: December 1, 2010; January 20, 2011; May 12, 2011; and February 4, 2013. Volumetric changes were determined between the sequential, three-dimensional lidar surveys. Volume was calculated by two methods, and the average value is reported. Between the first and second surveys (December 1, 2010, to January 20, 2011), a volume of 143 plus or minus 15 cubic meters of sediment was eroded from the cutbank and mobilized by Deer Creek. Between the second and third surveys (January 20, 2011, to May 12, 2011), a volume of 207 plus or minus 24 cubic meters of sediment was eroded from the cutbank and mobilized by the stream. Total volumetric change during the winter and spring of 2010–11 was 350 plus or minus 28 cubic meters. Between the third and fourth surveys (May 12, 2011, to February 4, 2013), the differencing of the three-dimensional lidar data indicated that a volume of 18 plus or minus 10 cubic meters of sediment was eroded from the cutbank. The total volume of sediment eroded from the cutbank between the first and fourth surveys was 368 plus or minus 30 cubic meters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Howle, J.F., Alpers, C.N., Bawden, G.W., and Bond, Sandra, 2016, Quantifying the eroded volume of mercury-contaminated sediment using terrestrial laser scanning at Stocking Flat, Deer Creek, Nevada County, California, 2010–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5179, 23 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155179.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043568","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5179/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5179/sir20155179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5179 Report PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Nevada County","otherGeospatial":"Deer Creek, Stocking Flat","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.0032,39.448],[-120.0034,39.4331],[-120.0036,39.4181],[-120.0037,39.4049],[-120.0039,39.3909],[-120.0042,39.3741],[-120.0047,39.3451],[-120.005,39.3297],[-120.0047,39.3161],[-120.0124,39.3161],[-120.1867,39.3166],[-120.346,39.3165],[-120.3978,39.3166],[-120.5423,39.3155],[-120.6362,39.3151],[-120.6457,39.315],[-120.654,39.3104],[-120.6623,39.3103],[-120.6724,39.3098],[-120.6819,39.3065],[-120.6937,39.3023],[-120.7049,39.2977],[-120.709,39.2945],[-120.7161,39.2913],[-120.7262,39.2884],[-120.7309,39.2866],[-120.7356,39.2829],[-120.7456,39.2765],[-120.7526,39.2696],[-120.7572,39.265],[-120.7626,39.2636],[-120.7655,39.2599],[-120.7713,39.2558],[-120.7784,39.2539],[-120.7843,39.2484],[-120.7907,39.2429],[-120.796,39.2397],[-120.8019,39.2351],[-120.8095,39.2323],[-120.8202,39.2281],[-120.8249,39.2258],[-120.8278,39.2235],[-120.8401,39.2152],[-120.8531,39.2105],[-120.8582,39.195],[-120.8622,39.1905],[-120.8668,39.1832],[-120.884,39.1784],[-120.8875,39.177],[-120.8958,39.1756],[-120.9041,39.1759],[-120.9081,39.17],[-120.9075,39.1659],[-120.9134,39.165],[-120.9169,39.164],[-120.9234,39.1626],[-120.9263,39.1562],[-120.9286,39.1562],[-120.9363,39.1556],[-120.9368,39.1493],[-120.9479,39.1423],[-120.9508,39.1373],[-120.9672,39.1272],[-120.9747,39.1171],[-120.9829,39.1093],[-120.9882,39.111],[-120.9879,39.0947],[-120.9935,39.0788],[-120.9975,39.0724],[-120.9974,39.0674],[-120.9992,39.0656],[-121.0044,39.0614],[-121.0073,39.0569],[-121.0089,39.0519],[-121.0142,39.0468],[-121.0195,39.0449],[-121.0212,39.0404],[-121.0282,39.0376],[-121.0298,39.0312],[-121.0309,39.0249],[-121.0367,39.0193],[-121.0402,39.0148],[-121.0537,39.011],[-121.0578,39.0096],[-121.0649,39.0063],[-121.0696,39.0053],[-121.0755,39.0062],[-121.0803,39.0093],[-121.0899,39.0137],[-121.0987,39.0109],[-121.1054,39.0171],[-121.1101,39.0184],[-121.1184,39.0192],[-121.1204,39.0264],[-121.1252,39.0314],[-121.133,39.0353],[-121.1395,39.0353],[-121.1442,39.0311],[-121.1472,39.0324],[-121.1541,39.0255],[-121.1612,39.0245],[-121.1682,39.0195],[-121.1717,39.0185],[-121.1771,39.0189],[-121.1876,39.0124],[-121.1942,39.0155],[-121.2031,39.0158],[-121.2095,39.0117],[-121.2213,39.0124],[-121.2262,39.0191],[-121.2323,39.0236],[-121.2441,39.022],[-121.2513,39.0247],[-121.2644,39.0295],[-121.268,39.0308],[-121.2788,39.0365],[-121.2791,39.1938],[-121.2794,39.2287],[-121.2735,39.2324],[-121.2706,39.2356],[-121.2696,39.2416],[-121.2673,39.2439],[-121.2663,39.2534],[-121.2592,39.2548],[-121.2575,39.2589],[-121.2582,39.263],[-121.2655,39.2706],[-121.2561,39.2762],[-121.2473,39.2795],[-121.2409,39.2846],[-121.226,39.2816],[-121.2183,39.2831],[-121.2155,39.2917],[-121.2079,39.2964],[-121.2015,39.3019],[-121.1991,39.3024],[-121.2047,39.3118],[-121.203,39.3182],[-121.1978,39.3214],[-121.1979,39.3291],[-121.1902,39.3297],[-121.1849,39.3307],[-121.1821,39.338],[-121.1785,39.3389],[-121.175,39.339],[-121.1714,39.339],[-121.1678,39.3386],[-121.1654,39.3368],[-121.1636,39.3337],[-121.16,39.3328],[-121.1576,39.3347],[-121.1571,39.3378],[-121.1566,39.3428],[-121.1555,39.3478],[-121.1532,39.3497],[-121.1473,39.3498],[-121.1449,39.3493],[-121.1437,39.3507],[-121.145,39.3534],[-121.1445,39.3575],[-121.138,39.3617],[-121.1363,39.3667],[-121.1334,39.3699],[-121.127,39.375],[-121.1271,39.379],[-121.1057,39.3798],[-121.1027,39.3816],[-121.0986,39.3835],[-121.0945,39.3876],[-121.0892,39.3881],[-121.0862,39.3891],[-121.0845,39.3927],[-121.081,39.3946],[-121.0709,39.3938],[-121.0631,39.3921],[-121.0584,39.3949],[-121.053,39.3959],[-121.0483,39.3955],[-121.0465,39.3941],[-121.0458,39.3919],[-121.044,39.3901],[-121.0404,39.3897],[-121.0375,39.3906],[-121.034,39.3956],[-121.031,39.3961],[-121.0286,39.3953],[-121.0256,39.3917],[-121.0226,39.3908],[-121.0197,39.3949],[-121.0132,39.3977],[-121.0079,39.4005],[-121.0151,39.4054],[-121.0056,39.4064],[-120.9962,39.4124],[-120.9897,39.4116],[-120.9849,39.4112],[-120.9784,39.4163],[-120.9737,39.419],[-120.9588,39.4156],[-120.9517,39.4166],[-120.9464,39.4207],[-120.9415,39.4167],[-120.9297,39.4186],[-120.9255,39.421],[-120.9148,39.4215],[-120.9095,39.4261],[-120.9018,39.4235],[-120.8828,39.4291],[-120.8733,39.4288],[-120.8644,39.4321],[-120.8543,39.4349],[-120.843,39.4359],[-120.8383,39.4391],[-120.8335,39.4347],[-120.8263,39.4352],[-120.8174,39.438],[-120.8121,39.4372],[-120.8032,39.4391],[-120.7925,39.4419],[-120.7837,39.4479],[-120.7706,39.4507],[-120.7594,39.4549],[-120.7523,39.4573],[-120.7458,39.46],[-120.7428,39.4619],[-120.7411,39.4683],[-120.728,39.4697],[-120.7227,39.4743],[-120.721,39.4762],[-120.7157,39.4798],[-120.7134,39.483],[-120.714,39.488],[-120.7052,39.4967],[-120.7005,39.5008],[-120.6881,39.5087],[-120.6793,39.5142],[-120.6722,39.5179],[-120.6645,39.5216],[-120.6585,39.5221],[-120.6526,39.5231],[-120.6472,39.5227],[-120.6389,39.5227],[-120.6341,39.5232],[-120.6305,39.5196],[-120.6251,39.5192],[-120.5798,39.521],[-120.566,39.5152],[-120.5582,39.5116],[-120.5528,39.5085],[-120.5472,39.4954],[-120.5394,39.49],[-120.5345,39.4842],[-120.5326,39.4756],[-120.5331,39.4643],[-120.5265,39.4598],[-120.5186,39.4558],[-120.5079,39.4527],[-120.5061,39.45],[-120.506,39.4473],[-120.4578,39.4472],[-120.3071,39.4478],[-120.2874,39.4484],[-120.2749,39.448],[-120.1825,39.4485],[-120.1653,39.4482],[-120.1593,39.4482],[-120.1438,39.4483],[-120.1087,39.4485],[-120.0962,39.4485],[-120.0866,39.4486],[-120.0694,39.4487],[-120.0664,39.4482],[-120.0562,39.4482],[-120.0479,39.4483],[-120.0312,39.4484],[-120.0032,39.448]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nevada\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov