No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrUT011","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., Wilberg, D., and Tibbetts, J., 2002, Water resources data, Utah, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report UT-01-1, xl, 440 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrUT011.","productDescription":"xl, 440 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ut-01-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ut-01-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292]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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbetts, J.R.","contributorId":63470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbetts","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":45006,"text":"wri024018 - 2002 - Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T20:29:57.388541","indexId":"wri024018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4018","title":"Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data have been collected within the 177-square-mile Reedy Creek, Florida, watershed, beginning as early as 1939, but the data have not been used to evaluate relations among land use, hydrology, and water quality. A model of the Reedy Creek watershed was developed and applied to the period January 1990 to December 1995 to provide a computational foundation for evaluating the effects of future land-use changes on hydrology and water quality in the watershed.
The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model was used to simulate hydrology and water quality of runoff for pervious land areas, impervious land areas, and stream reaches. Six land-use types were used to characterize the hydrology and water quality of pervious and impervious land areas in the Reedy Creek watershed: agriculture, rangeland, forest, wetlands, rapid infiltration basins, and urban areas. Hydrologic routing and water-quality reactions were simulated to characterize hydrologic and water-quality processes and the movement of runoff and its constituents through the main stream channels and their tributaries.
Because of the complexity of the stream system within the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) (hydraulic structures, retention ponds) and the anticipated difficulty of modeling the system, an approach of calibrating the model parameters for a subset of the gaged watersheds and confirming the usefulness of the parameters by simulating the remainder of the gaged sites was selected for this study. Two sub-watersheds (Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek) were selected for calibration because both have similar land use to watersheds within the RCID (with the exception of urban areas). Given the lack of available rainfall data, the hydrologic calibration of the Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek sub-watersheds was considered acceptable (for monthly data, correlation coefficients, 0.86 and 0.88, and coefficients of model-fit efficiency, 0.72 and 0.74, respectively). The hydrologic model was tested by applying the parameter sets developed for Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek to other land areas within the Reedy Creek watershed, and by comparing the simulated results to observed data sets for Reedy Creek near Vineland, Bonnet Creek near Vineland, and Reedy Creek near Loughman. The hydrologic model confirmation for Reedy Creek near Vineland (correlation coefficient, 0.91, and coefficient of model fit efficiency, 0.78, for monthly flows) was acceptable. Flows for Bonnet Creek near Vineland were substantially under simulated. Consideration of the ground-water contribution to Bonnet Creek could improve the water balance simulation for Bonnet Creek near Vineland. On longer time scales (monthly or over the 72-month simulation period), simulated discharges for Reedy Creek near Loughman agreed well with observed data (correlation coefficient, 0.88). For monthly flows the coefficient of model-fit efficiency was 0.77. On a shorter time scale (less than a month), however, storm volumes were greatly over simulated and low flows (less than 8 cubic feet per second) were greatly under simulated. A primary reason for the poor results at low flows is the diversion of an unknown amount of water from the RCID at the Bonnet Creek near Kissimmee site.
Selection of water-quality constituents for simulation was based primarily on the availability of water-quality data. Dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus species were simulated. Representation of nutrient cycling in HSPF also required simulation of biochemical oxygen demand and phytoplankton populations. The correlation coefficient for simulated and observed daily mean dissolved oxygen concentration values at Reedy Creek near Vineland was 0.633. Simulated time series of total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen generally agreed well with periodically observed values for the Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek sites. Simulated water-quality constituents at the Bonnet Creek and Reedy Creek near Vineland sites varied as to how well the values agreed with periodically observed constituent concentrations. Simulated water-quality constituent concentrations for the Reedy Creek near Loughman site generally agreed well with observed constituent concentrations.
Simulation of a future land-use scenario for the Reedy Creek watershed was based on the hydrologic and water-quality simulations, projected 2008 land use within the RCID, and assuming no change in existing land use for other areas within the Reedy Creek watershed but external to the RCID. The percentages of forest and urban-impervious land use showed the most change between existing and future land use; forest areas decreased by 50 percent and urban-impervious areas increased by 300 percent. Simulated values of mean total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations for existing and future land-use simulations were within 0.01 milligrams per liter of each other. The simulated maximum daily load increased an average of 10 percent for all constituents. Maximum daily nitrate nitrogen load increased about 17 percent, the greatest increase of all daily constituent loads. Duration curves of daily total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen load indicated an increase in the likelihood of exceeding a given load throughout the range of daily constituent loads at Reedy Creek near Loughman.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024018","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., and Schiffer, D.M., 2002, Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4018, vi, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024018.","productDescription":"vi, 221 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024018","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395649,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52030.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Reedy Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.73,\n 28.245\n ],\n [\n -81.5,\n 28.245\n ],\n [\n -81.5,\n 28.5167\n ],\n [\n -81.73,\n 28.5167\n ],\n [\n -81.73,\n 28.245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiffer, Donna M. schiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"Donna","email":"schiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54284,"text":"wdrMDDEDC012 - 2002 - Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 2. ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrMDDEDC012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-01-2","title":"Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 2. ground-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2001 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 379 observation wells, discharge records for 5 springs, and water quality at 238 wells and 10 springs. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of groundwater- quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC012","usgsCitation":"Smigaj, M.J., Saffer, R.W., Pentz, R.H., and Marchand, E., 2002, Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 2. ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-01-2, 708 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDEDC012.","productDescription":"708 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-01-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smigaj, Michael J.","contributorId":27917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smigaj","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, Richard W.","contributorId":79951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pentz, Robert H.","contributorId":15276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pentz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marchand, Elizabeth H.","contributorId":29874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"Elizabeth H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44921,"text":"wri024226 - 2002 - Magnitude and extent of arsenic and thallium concentrations in ground water and sediments at the Charleston Naval Complex, North Charleston, South Carolina, 1994-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T15:28:58","indexId":"wri024226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4226","title":"Magnitude and extent of arsenic and thallium concentrations in ground water and sediments at the Charleston Naval Complex, North Charleston, South Carolina, 1994-99","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected quarterly\nduring 1994-99 from 604 wells screened in the\nsurficial aquifer system beneath the Charleston Naval\nComplex, North Charleston, South Carolina. Arsenic\nand thallium were selected for analysis because\nconcentrations of these metals in some wells\nconsistently exceeded the established (2001) drinking water\nmaximum contaminant levels of 10 and\n2 micrograms per liter, respectively. The analysis was\nconducted to determine the magnitude and spatial\ndistribution of arsenic and thallium in ground water at\nthe Charleston Naval Complex and to quantify arsenic\nand thallium concentrations in a dated sediment core\nfrom Shipyard Creek marsh near the southern\nboundary of the Naval Complex.\nThe surficial aquifer system beneath the\nCharleston Naval Complex consists of an unconfined\nupper surficial aquifer and a confined lower surficial\naquifer. Hydraulic connection between the two aquifers\nis limited or nonexistent throughout the system at the\nNaval Complex. The Charleston Naval Complex is\ndivided into nine operational units designated as zones\nA through I. Arsenic and thallium concentration data\nwere compiled and interpreted for the two surficial\naquifers within each zone.\nMean arsenic (n=603) and thallium (n=604)\nconcentrations were calculated for water samples from\neach well screened in the upper and lower surficial\naquifers. In the upper surficial aquifer, mean arsenic\nconcentrations ranged from 0.9 to 339 micrograms\nper liter and exceeded 10 micrograms per liter in\n29 percent of the wells. In the lower surficial aquifer,\nmean arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.0 to\n97.4 micrograms per liter and exceeded 10 micrograms\nper liter in 23 percent of the wells. The greatest number\nof water samples with mean arsenic concentrations\nexceeding 10 micrograms per liter were collected from\nwells in the upper surficial aquifer at zone E in the\nnorthwestern part of the study area.\nWell clusters, defined as three or more wells in\na solid-waste management unit or area of concern,\nwhere the mean arsenic concentration exceeded\n10 micrograms per liter, were identified in association\nwith 12 sites in the upper surficial aquifer-solid-waste\nmanagement unit 039 (a drum-storage area) in zone A;\nsolid-waste management units 044 (coal-storage area)\nand 047 (burning dump) in zone C; solid-waste\nmanagement unit 065 (lead-storage area) and area of\nconcern 556 (dry docks 3 and 4) in zone E; areas of\nconcern 609 (building 1346 gas station) and 613\n(locomotive shop) in zone F; solid-waste management\nunits 006 (public works storage yard) and 008 (oil\nsludge pit), and area of concern 709 (fuel-delivery\nsystem wells 12, 13, and 14) in zone G; and solid-waste\nmanagement units 009 (closed landfill) and 196 (south\nlandfill) in zone H. One well cluster was identified in\nthe lower surficial aquifer in association with solidwaste\nmanagement unit 009 (closed landfill) in zone H.\nMean thallium concentrations in water from all\nwells ranged from less than 1.6 to 32.6 micrograms per\nliter in water samples from the upper surficial aquifer,\nand from less than 1.6 to 67.7 micrograms per liter in\nwater samples from the lower surficial aquifer. Mean\nthallium concentrations equal to or greater than\n10 micrograms per liter were present in water samples\nfrom 21 of 604 wells (3.5 percent). Of the 21 wells,\n14 wells were located at solid-waste management unit\n009 (closed landfill) in zone H near Shipyard Creek,\n8 wells in the upper aquifer, and 6 wells in the lower aquifer. One well cluster where thallium exceeded\n10 micrograms per liter was identified in association\nwith solid-waste management unit 009 (closed landfill)\nin the upper surficial aquifer.\nMean arsenic and thallium concentrations in\nwater were calculated for all wells screened in one\naquifer and located in a single zone, and are referred to\nas zone mean concentration in this report. Zone mean\narsenic concentrations in all nine zones ranged from\n3.2 to 18 micrograms per liter in water samples from\nthe upper surficial aquifer and from 2.7 to 22 micrograms\nper liter in water samples from the lower\nsurficial aquifer. Zone mean thallium concentrations in\nall nine zones ranged from 3.2 to 13 micrograms per\nliter in water samples from the upper surficial aquifer\nand from 3.2 to 14 micrograms per liter in water\nsamples from the lower surficial aquifer.\nGround-water samples rarely had elevated\n(equal to or greater than 10 micrograms per liter)\nconcentrations of both arsenic and thallium. Water\nsamples had coincident elevated arsenic and thallium\nconcentrations in 10 wells in zone H, 1 well in zone A,\nand 1 well in zone B.\nSediment quality at Shipyard Creek marsh was\ninvestigated by collecting an 11.8-foot -long sediment\ncore (SYC-1) adjacent to zone I. The mean arsenic\nconcentration in sediment samples from SYC-1\n(n= 160) was 3.05 milligrams per kilogram plus or\nminus 0.92. The mean arsenic concentration and\nstandard deviation calculated for SYC-1 sediment\nsamples fall within the standard error for the\nbackground mean arsenic concentration reported for\nSouth Carolina sediments (1.5 milligrams per kilogram\nplus or minus 2. 7). All but one sample (core depth\n=50 inches) was less than the threshold-effects level of\n7.24 milligrams per kilogram. Acid extracts of the\nsediment samples were analyzed for thallium\nconcentration, but none were detected. These data\nindicate no obvious change in arsenic or thallium\nconcentrations with depth in the core.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbia, SC","doi":"10.3133/wri024226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Mirecki, J.E., and Falls, W.F., 2002, Magnitude and extent of arsenic and thallium concentrations in ground water and sediments at the Charleston Naval Complex, North Charleston, South Carolina, 1994-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4226, Report: v, 37 p.;. Plate 1: 33.12 inches x 42.37 inches; Plate 2: 32.76 inches x 42.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024226.","productDescription":"Report: v, 37 p.;. Plate 1: 33.12 inches x 42.37 inches; Plate 2: 32.76 inches x 42.26 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024226.jpg"},{"id":286077,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4226/report.pdf"},{"id":286075,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4226/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":286076,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4226/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.973339,32.829574 ], [ -79.973339,32.871134 ], [ -79.934701,32.871134 ], [ -79.934701,32.829574 ], [ -79.973339,32.829574 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirecki, June Elizabeth","contributorId":48225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirecki","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54283,"text":"wdrMDDEDC011 - 2002 - Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 1. surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrMDDEDC011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-01-1","title":"Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 1. surface-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2001 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This volume (Volume 1. Surface-Water Data) contains records for water discharge at 128 gaging stations; stage and contents of 1 reservoir; and water quality at 20 gaging stations. Also included are stage and discharge for 3 creststage partial-record stations and stage only for 10 tidal crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC011","usgsCitation":"James, R., Saffer, R.W., Pentz, R.H., and Tallman, A.J., 2002, Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 1. surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-01-1, 474 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDEDC011.","productDescription":"474 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-01-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":182214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Robert W.","contributorId":51365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, Richard W.","contributorId":79951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pentz, Robert H.","contributorId":15276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pentz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tallman, Anthony J.","contributorId":56275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tallman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50599,"text":"ofr0241 - 2002 - A data input program (MFI2K) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model (MODFLOW-2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:17","indexId":"ofr0241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-41","title":"A data input program (MFI2K) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model (MODFLOW-2000)","docAbstract":"MFI2K is a data-input (entry) program for the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water model, MODFLOW-2000. MFI2K runs on personal computers. MFI2K supports the solute transport and parameter-estimation capabilities that are incorporated in MODFLOW-2000. Data for MODPATH, a particle-tracking program for use with MODFLOW-2000, also can be entered using MFI2K. MFI2K is designed to be easy to use; data are entered interactively through a series of display screens. MFI2K also can be used in conjunction with other data-input programs so that the different parts of a model dataset can be entered using the most suitable program. MFI2K interfaces to an external program for entering or editing two-dimensional arrays and lists of stress data. This report provides instructions for using MFI2K.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0241","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 2002, A data input program (MFI2K) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model (MODFLOW-2000): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-41, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0241.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4396,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/MFI2K/OFR02-41.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af58f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45022,"text":"wri014168 - 2002 - Hydrogeology and leachate plume delineation at a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-17T06:42:52","indexId":"wri014168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4168","title":"Hydrogeology and leachate plume delineation at a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The City of Norman operated a solid-waste municipal landfill at two sites on the Canadian River alluvium in Cleveland County, Oklahoma from 1970 to 1985. The sites, referred to as the west and east cells of the landfill, were originally excavations in the unconsolidated alluvial deposits and were not lined. Analysis of ground-water samples indicate that leachate from the west cell is discharging into an adjacent abandoned river channel, referred to as the slough, and is migrating downgradient in ground water toward the Canadian River. The report describes the hydrogeologic features at the landfill, including the topography of the bedrock, water-level changes in the alluvial aquifer, and delineates the leachate plume using specific conductance data.\r\nThe leading edge of the leachate plume along the 35-80 transect extended over 250 meters downgradient of the west cell. The leading edge of the leachate plume along the 40-SOUTH transect had moved about 60 meters from the west cell in a south-southwesterly direction and had not moved past the slough as of 1997. Specific conductance measurements exceeding 7,000 microsiemens per centimeter at site 40 indicate the most concentrated part of the plume remained in the upper half of the alluvial aquifer adjacent to the west cell.\r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the alluvial aquifer surrounding the landfill was generally north-northeast to south-southwest toward the river. However, between the west cell and the slough along the 40-SOUTH transect, head measurements indicate a directional change to the east and southeast toward a channel referred to as the sewage outfall. Near the 35-80 transect, at 0.5 meter below the water table and at the base of the aquifer, the direction of ground-water flow was south-southeast with a gradient of about 30 centimeters per 100 meters.\r\n\r\nGenerally, ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer were higher during the winter months and lower during summer months, due to a normal decrease in precipitation and increased evapotranspiration in the summer. Hydrographs show temporal water-level changes in ground water and the slough, indicating a hydrologic connection between the alluvial aquifer and the slough.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014168","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 2002, Hydrogeology and leachate plume delineation at a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4168, iv, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014168.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma ","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5478,35.1453 ], [ -97.5478,35.3483 ], [ -97.1769,35.3483 ], [ -97.1769,35.1453 ], [ -97.5478,35.1453 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62558e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45017,"text":"wri014150 - 2002 - Assessment of natural attenuation of ground-water contamination at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:56","indexId":"wri014150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4150","title":"Assessment of natural attenuation of ground-water contamination at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","docAbstract":"Water-quality, aquifer-sediment, and hydro-logic data were used to assess the effectiveness of natural attenuation of ground-water contamination at Fire Training Area Three, the Rubble Area Landfill, the Liquid Waste Disposal Landfill, and the Receiver Station Landfill in the East Management Unit of Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. These sites, which are contaminated with chlorinated solvents and fuel hydrocarbons, are under-going long-term monitoring to determine if natural attenuation continues to sufficiently reduce contaminant concentrations to meet regulatory requirements. This report is the first assessment of the effectiveness of natural attenuation at these sites since long-term monitoring began in 1999, and follows a preliminary investigation done in 1995?96. This assessment was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force.Since 1995?96, additional information has been collected and used in the current assessment. The conclusions in this report are based primarily on ground-water samples collected from January through March 2000. Previous analytical results from selected wells, available geologic and geo-physical well logs, and newly acquired information such as sediment organic-carbon measurements, hydraulic-conductivity measurements determined from slug tests on wells in the natural attenuation study area, and water-level measurements from surficial-aquifer wells also were used in this assessment. This information was used to: (1) calculate retardation factors and estimate contaminant migration velocities, (2) improve estimates of ground-water flow directions and inferred contaminant migration pathways, (3) better define the areal extent of contamination and the proximity of contaminants to discharge areas and the Base boundary, (4) develop a better under-standing of the vertical variability of contaminant concentrations and redox conditions, (5) evaluate the effects of temporal changes on concentrations in the plumes and source areas, and (6) determine whether intrinsic biodegradation is occurring at these sites.The water-quality data indicate that intrinsic biodegradation is occurring at all three sites. The strongest indication of intrinsic biodegradation is the detection of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene breakdown products within and down-gradient of the source areas. The patterns of electron acceptors and metabolic by-products indicate that contaminant biodegradation has changed the prevailing geochemistry of the surficial aquifer, creating the strongly reducing conditions necessary for chlorinated solvent bio-degradation. Geochemical changes include depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated ferrous iron and methane levels relative to concentrations in uncontaminated zones of the surficial aquifer. At Fire Training Area Three and the Rubble Area Landfill sites, natural attenuation appears to be adequate for controlling the migration of the contaminant plumes. At the third site, the Liquid Waste Disposal and Receiver Station Landfills, the plume is larger and the uncertainty about the effectiveness of natural attenuation in reducing contaminant concentrations and controlling plume migration is greater. Ground-water data indicate, however, that U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels were not exceeded in any point-of-compliance wells located along the Base boundary.The information presented in this report led to the development of improved conceptual models for these sites, and to the recognition of four issues that are currently unclear and may need further study. These issues include delineating the areal and vertical extent of the contaminant plumes in greater detail, determining the extent of intrinsic biodegradation downgradient of the Liquid Waste Disposal and Receiver Station Landfills, deter-mining the fate of contaminants in the ground-water discharge areas, and determining the effect of temporal variability in source concentrations and ground-water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014150","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., 2002, Assessment of natural attenuation of ground-water contamination at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4150, vi, 45 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014150.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44960,"text":"wri024181 - 2002 - Response of the St. Croix River pools, Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:32:08","indexId":"wri024181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4181","title":"Response of the St. Croix River pools, Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios","docAbstract":"The pools in the lower reach of the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and the adjoining Lake Mallalieu, are eutrophic because of high phosphorus loading. To determine how changes in phosphorus loading would affect the trophic status of these pools, the water-quality model, BATHTUB, was used to simulate existing (1999) water quality and simulate the water quality with various phosphorus-loading scenarios. Water quality in the pools may respond differently during different flow regimes; therefore, sensitivity and scenario evaluations were performed not only for 1999, but also for a simulated period with relatively low flows throughout the basin (using flow data from 1988) and for a simulated period with relatively high flows throughout the basin (using flow data from 1996).
\nOn the basis of the BATHTUB simulations, linear increases in phosphorus loading should cause the following changes in water quality in each of the pools: linear increases in phosphorus concentrations, although at a smaller rate than the increase in loading; non-linear increases in chlorophyll a concentrations, with a smaller relative response with higher phosphorus loading; increase in the frequency of algal blooms, with a higher frequency of intense algal blooms; and slightly decreased water clarity.
\nThe response in water quality to changes in the phosphorus loading should be relatively similar regardless of the flow regime. Reducing phosphorus loading by about 50 percent would be necessary for the Lake St. Croix pools to be classified as mesotrophic with respect to phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, whereas a larger reduction in phosphorus loading would be needed for Lake Mallalieu to be classified as mesotrophic. Even with these reductions, water clarity will remain poor because of the high non-algal turbidity and stained water in the pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River pools, Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4181, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024181.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-02-4181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4181/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.8729248046875,\n 46.1912395780416\n ],\n [\n -93.394775390625,\n 45.924408558629004\n ],\n [\n -93.5980224609375,\n 45.60250901510302\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -93.5650634765625,\n 45.19752230305685\n ],\n [\n -93.306884765625,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -93.0267333984375,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -92.9608154296875,\n 44.695992981720714\n ],\n [\n -92.625732421875,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -92.274169921875,\n 44.35920579433503\n ],\n [\n -91.9940185546875,\n 44.42593442145313\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -92.1148681640625,\n 45.42544355958045\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 45.67932023569538\n ],\n [\n -92.0599365234375,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -92.3236083984375,\n 46.3886223381617\n ],\n [\n -92.74108886718749,\n 46.426499019253\n ],\n [\n -92.8729248046875,\n 46.1912395780416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f782f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44958,"text":"wri024176 - 2002 - Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4176","title":"Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","docAbstract":"Selected hydrometeorological (HM) data for the Pacific Northwest, and regional-to-hemispheric atmospheric-circulation data and sea-surface temperature (SST) data for the North Pacific, are examined for three successive interdecadal periods that are subsets of the instrumental record in order to estimate if their characteristics have changed. The HM data included monthly precipitation totals for 50 sites in western Washington and 29 climate divisions of the Pacific Northwest, and streamflow averages for 112 sites in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The atmospheric data included the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), an index of the Pacific/North America (PNA) circulation pattern, measures of the westerly and northerly components of geostrophic flow, and a subset of the Northern Hemisphere 700-millibar geopotential height data; this subset of 162 grid points includes the area between 15 degrees and 75 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The SST data are for a 5-degree grid between 20 degrees N and 60 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The atmospheric and SST data were examined not only because the HM regime is linked to regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, but also to estimate the extent of climate shifts displayed by these data. \r\n\r\nThree subsets of the record were identified as pre-1947 (PRE), 1947-76 (BASE), and post-1976 (POST) water years, based on an analysis of the HM data and previous studies. For each subset, means were calculated for the water year (October-September), the runoff season (March-August), the winter season (October-February), and a baseflow season (August-September). Differences in means and in ratios of the means between the BASE period and the PRE and POST periods were examined for changes.\r\n\r\nWinter-season mean precipitation during both the PRE and POST periods was smaller than the BASE period, indicating a spatially consistent and distinct change in the HM regime during winter during the PRE and POST periods. For the runoff season, mean precipitation at most sites, in comparison to the BASE period, was smaller during the PRE period and larger during POST period, indicating that different HM regimes occurred during the runoff season for the PRE and POST periods. Water-year mean precipitation was less for both the PRE and POST periods because of decreases in winter-season precipitation; however, the water-year values for the POST period were not as small as those of the PRE period because more precipitation was concentrated in the runoff season. \r\n\r\nDuring both the PRE and POST periods, the mean water-year discharge was less than the BASE period for all but 15 of the 112 sites. Fourteen of the 15 sites were in a well-defined region (southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon), and 13 of the 14 had larger means only during the POST period. Winter-season streamflow was less for all but 11 sites during both PRE and POST periods; the largest decreases in the mean, more than 30 percent, were for an area in central Oregon. Except for the sites that had larger mean water-year discharge, runoff-season means also were less than those during the BASE period. \r\n\r\nChanges in the SOI and PNA index from the BASE period were generally similar to and consistent with those of the majority of the hydrologic data; dissimilarities were in well-defined regions and are attributed to the evolutionary nature of the regime shifts. Negative values of the SOI for the POST period were more persistent than those that have occurred during both the PRE and BASE periods. The changes in the PNA index and the geostrophic flow components during the POST period are consistent with drier and warmer conditions in the Pacific Northwest. The 700-millibar data display trends and differences between the BASE and POST periods; differences in composite anomalies for selected winter months between these periods show a well-defined PNA pattern. For many areas of the North Pacific, the record of SSTs shows a significant long-term trend","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024176","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 2002, Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4176, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024176.","productDescription":"105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3832,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024176","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50684,"text":"ofr02334 - 2002 - Characteristics of Urbanization in Five Watersheds of Anchorage, Alaska: Geographic Information System Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:22","indexId":"ofr02334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-334","title":"Characteristics of Urbanization in Five Watersheds of Anchorage, Alaska: Geographic Information System Data","docAbstract":"The report contains environmental and urban geographic information system data for 14 sites in 5 watersheds in Anchorage, Alaska. These sites were examined during summer in 1999 and 2000 to determine effects of urbanization on water quality. The data sets are Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., shapefiles, coverages, and images. Also included are an elevation grid and a triangulated irregular network. Although the data are intended for users with advanced geographic information system capabilities, simple images of the data also are available. ArcView? 3.2 project, an ArcGIS? project, and 16 ArcExplorer2? projects are linked to the PDF file based report. Some of these coverages are large files over 10 MB. The largest coverage, impervious cover, is 208 MB.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02334","usgsCitation":"Moran, E.H., 2002, Characteristics of Urbanization in Five Watersheds of Anchorage, Alaska: Geographic Information System Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-334, 21 p.; two CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02334.","productDescription":"21 p.; two CD-ROMs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50695,"text":"ofr02376 - 2002 - SutraPrep, a pre-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:17","indexId":"ofr02376","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-376","title":"SutraPrep, a pre-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","docAbstract":"SutraPrep facilitates the creation of three-dimensional (3D) input datasets for the USGS ground-water flow and transport model SUTRA Version 2D3D.1. It is most useful for applications in which the geometry of the 3D model domain and the spatial distribution of physical properties and boundary conditions is relatively simple. SutraPrep can be used to create a SUTRA main input (?.inp?) file, an initial conditions (?.ics?) file, and a 3D plot of the finite-element mesh in Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format. Input and output are text-based. The code can be run on any platform that has a standard FORTRAN-90 compiler. Executable code is available for Microsoft Windows.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02376","usgsCitation":"Provost, A., 2002, SutraPrep, a pre-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-376, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02376.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4169,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/sutraprep/sutraprep.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M.","contributorId":85652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47459,"text":"wri024260 - 2002 - Water Quality of Camp Creek, Costello Creek, and Other Selected Streams on the South Side of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"wri024260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4260","title":"Water Quality of Camp Creek, Costello Creek, and Other Selected Streams on the South Side of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Camp and Costello Creek watersheds are located on the south side of Denali National Park and Preserve. The Dunkle Mine, an abandoned coal mine, is located near the mouth of Camp Creek. Due to concern about runoff from the mine and its possible effects on the water quality and aquatic habitat of Camp Creek and its receiving stream, Costello Creek, these two streams were studied during the summer runoff months (June to September) in 1999 and 2000 as part of a cooperative study with the National Park Service. Since the south side of Denali National Park and Preserve is part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Cook Inlet Basin study unit, an additional part of this study included analysis of existing water-quality data at 23 sites located throughout the south side of Denali National Park and Preserve to compare with the water quality of Camp and Costello Creeks and to obtain a broader understanding of the water quality in this area of the Cook Inlet Basin.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of water column, bed sediment, fish, invertebrate, and algae data indicate no effects on the water quality of Camp Creek from the Dunkle Mine. Although several organic compounds were found in the streambed of Camp Creek, all concentrations were below recommended levels for aquatic life and most of the concentrations were below the minimum reporting level of 50 ?g/kg. Trace element concentrations of arsenic, chromium, and nickel in the bed sediments of Camp Creek exceeded threshold effect concentrations (TEC), but concentrations of these trace elements were also exceeded in streambed sediments of Costello Creek above Camp Creek. Since the percent organic carbon in Camp Creek is relatively high, the toxicity quotient of 0.55 is only slightly above the threshold value of 0.5. Costello Creek has a relatively low organic carbon content and has a higher toxicity quotient of 1.19.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of the water-quality data for other streams located in the south side of Denali National Park and Preserve indicate similarities to Camp Creek and Costello Creek. Most of the streams are calcium bicarbonate/calcium bicarbonate-sulfate type water with the exception of two streams that are calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate type water. Trace element concentrations of arsenic, chromium, and nickel in the bed sediments of 9 streams exceeded the TEC or the probable effect concentration (PEC). Seven streams exceeded the threshold value of the toxicity quotient. Analysis of trace element concentrations in bed sediment and basin characteristics for 16 watersheds by cluster and discriminant analysis techniques indicated that the watersheds could be separated into two groups based on their basin characteristics.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024260","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Whitman, M.S., 2002, Water Quality of Camp Creek, Costello Creek, and Other Selected Streams on the South Side of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4260, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024260.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3985,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69925d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":235428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44591,"text":"wri20014272 - 2002 - Soil chemistry and ground-water quality of the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Camden County, Georgia, 1998 and 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:48:15","indexId":"wri20014272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4272","title":"Soil chemistry and ground-water quality of the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Camden County, Georgia, 1998 and 1999","docAbstract":"In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy, began an investigation to determine background ground-water quality of the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer and soil chemistry at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Camden County, Georgia, and to compare these data to two abandoned solid- waste disposal areas (referred to by the U.S. Navy as Sites 5 and 16). The quality of water in the water-table zone generally is within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water regulation. The pH of ground water in the study area ranged from 4.0 to 7.6 standard units, with a median value of 5.4. Water from 29 wells is above the pH range and 3 wells are within the range of the USEPA secondary drinking-water regulation (formerly known as the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level or SMCL) of 6.5 to 8.5 standard units. Also, water from one well at Site 5 had a chloride concentration of 570 milligrams per liter (mg/L,), which is above the USEPA secondary drinking-water regulation of 250 mg/L. Sulfate concentrations in water from two wells at Site 5 are above the USEPA secondary drinking-water regulation of 250 mg/L. \r\n\r\nOf 22 soil-sampling locations for this study, 4 locations had concentrations above the detection limit for either volatile organic compounds (VOCs), base-neutral acids (BNAs), or pesticides. VOCs detected in the study area include toluene in one background sample; and acetone in one background sample and one sample from Site 16--however, detection of these two compounds may be a laboratory artifact. Pesticides detected in soil at the Submarine Base include two degradates of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT): 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4'-DDD) in one background sample, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (4,4'-DDE) in one background sample and one sample from Site 16; and dibenzofuran in one sample from Site 16. BNAs were detected in one background sample and in two samples from Site 16. \r\n\r\nHypothesis testing, using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann-Whitney test), indicates no statistical difference between ground-water constituent concentrations from Sites 5 and 16, and background concentrations. Hypothesis testing, however, indicates the concentration of barium in background ground-water samples is greater than in ground-water samples collected at Site 16.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20014272","usgsCitation":"Leeth, D.C., 2002, Soil chemistry and ground-water quality of the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Camden County, Georgia, 1998 and 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4272, iv, 23 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014272.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3700,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Camden County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.1282958984375,\n 30.159376896356193\n ],\n [\n -82.1282958984375,\n 31.742182762117984\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.742182762117984\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 30.159376896356193\n ],\n [\n -82.1282958984375,\n 30.159376896356193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edc9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeth, David C. cleeth@usgs.gov","contributorId":1403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeth","given":"David","email":"cleeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50682,"text":"ofr02327 - 2002 - Historical Aerial Photography for the Greater Everglades of South Florida: The 1940, 1:40,000 Photoset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-10T19:16:02.726768","indexId":"ofr02327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-327","title":"Historical Aerial Photography for the Greater Everglades of South Florida: The 1940, 1:40,000 Photoset","docAbstract":"The Greater Everglades Ecosystem comprises a vast swath of wetlands beginning in central Florida with the headwaters of the Kissimmee River and continuing southward through Lake Okeechobee and then to Florida Bay (Davis 1943). The ecosystem runs some 450 km, north to south, and over 100 km east to west, comprising almost 30,000 km2 of total area. Beginning in the late 19th century, a succession of programs were implemented for land reclamation and flood protection (Blake 1980; Steinman and others, 2002).
At present, the greater Everglades is the subject of a restoration effort with almost $8 billion dollars of planned expenditures over 20 years. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) sets guidelines and goals for the project. Numerous federal, State of Florida, and local agencies are involved in the restoration process, as are not-for-profit non-governmental organizations. A foundation for Everglades restoration must be a clear understanding of the pre-drainage south Florida landscape (Davis and others, 1994; Fennema 1994). Knowledge of the spatial organization and structure of the pre-drainage landscape communities (mangrove forests, marshes, sloughs, wet prairies, pinelands) is necessary to provide potential endpoints, restoration goals, and performance measures to gauge restoration success.
Analyses of information contained in historical aerial photographs of the Everglades can aid in the endeavor. For example, the earliest known aerial photographs are from the mid-to-late 1920s and resulted in the production of what are called T-sheets (for Topographic Sheets) for the coasts and shorelines of far south Florida. The position of the boundary between differing vegetation communities (the ecotone) can be accurately measured. If followed through time, changes in the position of these ecotones could potentially be used to judge effects of drainage on the Everglades ecosystem and also to monitor restoration success (Smith and others, 2002).
The Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), a center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with USGS Eastern Region Geography, has created digital versions of existing aerial photographs from a survey conducted in early 1940 of south Florida and the Florida Everglades region. Via this Open-File Report, we make available digital versions of the photographs. We have not attempted to rectify, mosaic, or georeference the images. The aspect of our work will be completed in due course and a supplemental Open-File Report will be issued. At present the digital files are available on this website in a manner designed to facilitate access to the product by those intending to integrate the data with other spatial data, particularly those interested in the restoration and management of the Florida Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02327","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Foster, A.M., Briere, P.R., Coffin, A.W., Jones, J., Van Arsdall, C., and Frye, L.J., 2002, Historical Aerial Photography for the Greater Everglades of South Florida: The 1940, 1:40,000 Photoset: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-327, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02327.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0327/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Data from 167 streamflow-gaging stations in or near South Carolina with 10 or more years of record through September 30, 1999, were used to develop two methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in South Carolina for rural ungaged basins that are not significantly affected by regulation. Floodfrequency estimates for 54 gaged sites in South Carolina were computed by fitting the water-year peak flows for each site to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation of flood-frequency estimates for gaged sites, new values for generalized skew coefficients were developed. Flood-frequency analyses also were made for gaging stations that drain basins from more than one physiographic province. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, updated these data from previous flood-frequency reports to aid officials who are active in floodplain management as well as those who design bridges, culverts, and levees, or other structures near streams where flooding is likely to occur.
Regional regression analysis, using generalized least squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence- interval flows for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge, Piedmont, upper Coastal Plain, and lower Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina. The predictive equations are all functions of drainage area. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations ranged from -16 to 19 percent for the 2-year recurrence-interval flow in the upper Coastal Plain to -34 to 52 percent for the 500-year recurrenceinterval flow in the lower Coastal Plain.
A region-of-influence method also was developed that interactively estimates recurrence- interval flows for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge of South Carolina. The region-of-influence method uses regression techniques to develop a unique relation between flow and basin characteristics for an individual watershed. This, then, can be used to estimate flows at ungaged sites. Because the computations required for this method are somewhat complex, a computer application was developed that performs the computations and compares the predictive errors for this method. The computer application includes the option of using the region-of-influence method, or the generalized least squares regression equations from this report to compute estimated flows and errors of prediction specific to each ungaged site. From a comparison of predictive errors using the region-of-influence method with those computed using the regional regression method, the region-of-influence method performed systematically better only in the Blue Ridge and is, therefore, not recommended for use in the other physiographic provinces.
Peak-flow data for the South Carolina stations used in the regionalization study are provided in appendix A, which contains gaging station information, log- Pearson Type III statistics, information on stage-flow relations, and water-year peak stages and flows. For informational purposes, water-year peak-flow data for stations on regulated streams in South Carolina also are provided in appendix D. Other information pertaining to the regulated streams is provided in the text of the report.
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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50661,"text":"ofr02255 - 2002 - Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for La Lima, Honduras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T14:35:33.709032","indexId":"ofr02255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-255","title":"Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for La Lima, Honduras","docAbstract":"After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of La Lima that would be inundated by Rio Chamelecon with a discharge of 500 cubic meters per second, the approximate capacity of the river channel through the city of La Lima. The 50-year flood (2,400 cubic meters per second), the original design flow to be mapped, would inundate the entire area surveyed for this municipality. Because water-surface elevations of the 50-year flood could not be mapped properly without substantially expanding the area of the survey, the available data were used instead to estimate the channel capacity of Rio Chamelecon in La Lima by trial-and-error runs of different flows in a numerical model and to estimate the increase in height of levees needed to contain flows of 1,000 and 2,400 cubic meters per second. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of La Lima as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report.\r\n\r\nWater-surface elevations for various discharges on Rio Chamelecon at La Lima were determined using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and ground surveys at three bridges. Top-of-levee or top-of-channel-bank elevations and locations at the cross sections were critical to estimating the channel capacity of Rio Chamelecon. These elevations and locations are provided along with the water-surface elevations for the 500-cubic-meter-per-second flow of Rio Chamelecon. Also, water-surface elevations of the 1,000 and 2,400 cubic-meter-per-second flows are provided, assuming that the existing levees are raised to contained the flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02255","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., and Olsen, T.D., 2002, Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for La Lima, Honduras: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-255, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02255.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4145,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02255/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":170323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Honduras","city":"La Lima","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.43251127996213,\n 16.43006388749069\n ],\n [\n -89.43251127996213,\n 12.876909617568344\n ],\n [\n -82.7967072779427,\n 12.876909617568344\n ],\n [\n -82.7967072779427,\n 16.43006388749069\n ],\n [\n -89.43251127996213,\n 16.43006388749069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f48bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39985,"text":"wri20014157 - 2002 - Feasibility of Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters for the Production of Discharge Records from U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T11:30:41","indexId":"wri20014157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4157","title":"Feasibility of Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters for the Production of Discharge Records from U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations","docAbstract":"It is feasible to use acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVM's) installed at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations to compute records of river discharge. ADVM's are small acoustic current meters that use the Doppler principle to measure water velocities in a two-dimensional plane. Records of river discharge can be computed from stage and ADVM velocity data using the 'index velocity' method. The ADVM-measured velocities are used as an estimator or 'index' of the mean velocity in the channel. In evaluations of ADVM's for the computation of records of river discharge, the USGS installed ADVM's at three streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana: Kankakee River at Davis, Fall Creek at Millersville, and Iroquois River near Foresman. The ADVM evaluation study period was from June 1999 to February 2001. Discharge records were computed, using ADVM data from each station. Discharge records also were computed using conventional stage-discharge methods of the USGS. The records produced from ADVM and conventional methods were compared with discharge record hydrographs and statistics. Overall, the records compared closely from the Kankakee River and Fall Creek stations. For the Iroquois River station, variable backwater was present and affected the comparison; because the ADVM record compensates for backwater, the ADVM record may be superior to the conventional record. For the three stations, the ADVM records were judged to be of a quality acceptable to USGS standards for publications and near realtime ADVM-computed discharges are served on USGS real-time data World Wide Web pages.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c3e4b07f02db5d46ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nguyen, Hieu T.","contributorId":97179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Hieu","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Jerry H.","contributorId":18828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44592,"text":"wri20024031 - 2002 - Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"wri20024031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4031","title":"Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone","docAbstract":"Field tests were performed on two types of diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. Nylon-screen samplers and dialysis samplers were tested for the collection of arsenic, calcium, chloride, iron, manganese, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen. The investigations were conducted at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), Fridley, Minnesota, and at the Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base (NAS Fort Worth JRB), Texas.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nData indicate that, in general, nylon-screen and dialysis diffusion samplers are capable of obtaining concentrations of inorganic solutes in ground water that correspond to concentrations obtained by low-flow sampling. Diffusion samplers offer a potentially time-saving approach to well sampling. Particular care must be taken, however, when sampling for iron and other metals, because of the potential for iron precipitation by oxygenation and when dealing with chemically stratified sampling intervals. Simple nylon-screen jar samplers buried beneath creekbed sediment appear to be effective tools for locating discharge zones of arsenic contaminated ground water.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nAlthough the LDPE samplers have proven to be inexpensive and simple to use in wells, they are limited by their inability to provide a representative sample of ionic solutes. The success of nylon-screen samplers in sediment studies suggests that these simple samplers may be useful for collecting water samples for inorganic constituents in wells. Results using dialysis bags deployed in wells suggest that these types of samplers have the potential to provide a representative sample of both VOCs and ionic solutes from ground water (Kaplan and others, 1991; Theodore A. Ehlke, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2001).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to provide results of field tests investigating the potential to use diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. The investigations were performed at NIROP, Fridley, Minn. (fig. 1) and at NAS Fort Worth JRB, Texas (fig. 2). Two types of samplers were tested. One type was a nylon-screen sampler, which consisted of a 30-mL jar filled with deionized water, with its opening covered by a nylon screen. The second type was a dialysis sampler that consisted of a tube of dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. The nylon-screen samplers were deployed in wells at NIROP Fridley and NAS Fort Worth JRB and beneath the ground-water/surface water interface of a stream at NAS Fort Worth JRB. The dialysis samplers were deployed only in wells at NAS Fort Worth JRB.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024031","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., and Campbell, T.R., 2002, Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4031, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024031.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Ted R.","contributorId":41881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32734,"text":"fs01102 - 2002 - Real-time ground-water-level monitoring in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T09:09:30","indexId":"fs01102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"011-02","title":"Real-time ground-water-level monitoring in New Jersey","docAbstract":"A network of seven observation wells that transmit ground-water-level data on a real-time basis through satellite telemetry is operating (started May 2001) in New Jersey through a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The water-level data from these observation wells are transmitted every 4 hours and then are immediately posted for viewing on the Internet. This fact sheet describes the rationale for real-time monitoring of ground-water levels, the design of the network, and the equipment used to measure water levels and transmit the data to the Internet. Instructions for viewing the data are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.D., Navoy, A.S., and Pope, D.A., 2002, Real-time ground-water-level monitoring in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 011-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01102.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3313,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":328514,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0011/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
The Washington Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State, local, and other Federal agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Washington each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data— Washington.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWA011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, R.A., Ruppert, G., Wiggins, W., Smith, R.R., Knowles, S., and Renslow, V., 2002, Water resources data, Washington, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WA-01-1, xxxviii, 576 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWA011.","productDescription":"xxxviii, 576 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/wa-01-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/wa-01-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":252195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":65154,"text":"i1109 - 2002 - Spatial digital database for the tectonic map of southeast Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42628,"text":"ofr79775 - 1979 - Tectonic map of southeast Arizona","indexId":"ofr79775","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Tectonic map of southeast Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65154,"text":"i1109 - 2002 - Spatial digital database for the tectonic map of southeast Arizona","indexId":"i1109","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Spatial digital database for the tectonic map of southeast Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T19:37:05.161934","indexId":"i1109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1109","title":"Spatial digital database for the tectonic map of southeast Arizona","docAbstract":"A spatial database was created for Drewes' (1980) tectonic map of southeast Arizona: this database supercedes Drewes and others (2001, ver. 1.0). Staff and a contractor at the U.S. Geological Survey in Tucson, Arizona completed an interim digital geologic map database for the east part of the map in 2001, made revisions to the previously released digital data for the west part of the map (Drewes and others, 2001, ver. 1.0), merged data files for the east and west parts, and added additional data not previously captured. Digital base map data files (such as topography, roads, towns, rivers and lakes) are not included: they may be obtained from a variety of commercial and government sources. \r\nThis digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis. The resulting digital geologic map database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps and derivative products. Because Drewes' (1980) map sheets include additional text and graphics that were not included in this report, scanned images of his maps (i1109_e.jpg, i1109_w.jpg) are included as a courtesy to the reader. This database should not be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:125,000 (for example, 1:100,000 or 1:24,000). The digital geologic map plot files (i1109_e.pdf and i1109_w.pdf) that are provided herein are representations of the database (see Appendix A).\r\n\r\nThe map area is located in southeastern Arizona (fig. 1). This report describes the map units (from Drewes, 1980), the methods used to convert the geologic map data into a digital format, the ArcInfo GIS file structures and relationships, and explains how to download the digital files from the U.S. Geological Survey public access World Wide Web site on the Internet. The manuscript and digital data review by Helen Kayser (Information Systems Support, Inc.) is greatly appreciated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1109","usgsCitation":"Drewes, H., digital database by Fields, R.A., Hirschberg, D.M., and Bolm, K., 2002, Spatial digital database for the tectonic map of southeast Arizona (Digital database, version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1109, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1109.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":106605,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8971.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8971"},{"id":6087,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i1109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.25,\n 31.339\n ],\n [\n -109.052,\n 31.339\n ],\n [\n -109.052,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 31.339\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Digital database, version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, Harald","contributorId":14059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"Harald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"digital database by Fields, Robert A.","contributorId":49465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"digital database by Fields","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirschberg, Douglas M. dmhirsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschberg","given":"Douglas","email":"dmhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":272740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolm, Karen S.","contributorId":13226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolm","given":"Karen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}