{"pageNumber":"11","pageRowStart":"250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":70024093,"text":"70024093 - 2002 - Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:10:44.856798","indexId":"70024093","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temperature measurements in deep drill holes on volcano summits or upper flanks allow a quantitative analysis of groundwater induced heat transport within the edifice. We present a new temperature-depth profile from a deep well on the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and analyze it in conjunction with a temperature profile measured 26 years earlier. We propose two groundwater flow models to interpret the complex temperature profiles. The first is a modified confined lateral flow model (CLFM) with a continuous flux of hydrothermal fluid. In the second, transient flow model (TFM), slow conductive cooling follows a brief, advective heating event. We carry out numerical simulations to examine the timescales associated with each of the models. Results for both models are sensitive to the initial conditions, and with realistic initial conditions it takes between 750 and 1000 simulation years for either model to match the measured temperature profiles. With somewhat hotter initial conditions, results are consistent with onset of a hydrothermal plume ∼550 years ago, coincident with initiation of caldera subsidence. We show that the TFM is consistent with other data from hydrothermal systems and laboratory experiments and perhaps is more appropriate for this highly dynamic environment. The TFM implies that volcano-hydrothermal systems may be dominated by episodic events and that thermal perturbations may persist for several thousand years after hydrothermal flow has ceased.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001654","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 2002, Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B11, p. ECV 13-1-ECV 13-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001654.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ECV 13-1","endPage":"ECV 13-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.06927490234375,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.06927490234375,\n              19.48860213599771\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.48860213599771\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a16e4b0c8380cd521c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31349,"text":"ofr01435 - 2001 - Volcanism in national parks: summary of the workshop convened by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service, 26-29 September 2000, Redding, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T19:49:52","indexId":"ofr01435","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-435","title":"Volcanism in national parks: summary of the workshop convened by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service, 26-29 September 2000, Redding, California","docAbstract":"Spectacular volcanic scenery and features were the inspiration for creating many of our national parks and monuments and continue to enhance the visitor experience today (Table 1). At the same time, several of these parks include active and potentially active volcanoes that could pose serious hazards - earthquakes, mudflows, and hydrothermal explosions, as well as eruptions - events that would profoundly affect park visitors, employees, and infrastructure. Although most parks are in relatively remote areas, those with high visitation have daily populations during the peak season equivalent to those of moderate-sized cities. For example, Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks can have a combined daily population of 80,000 during the summer, with total annual visitation of 7 million. Nearly 3 million people enter Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park every year, where the on-going (since 1983) eruption of Kilauea presents the challenge of keeping visitors out of harm's way while still allowing them to enjoy the volcano's spellbinding activity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01435","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., and McClelland, L., 2001, Volcanism in national parks: summary of the workshop convened by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service, 26-29 September 2000, Redding, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-435, Report: PDF, 43 p.; Report: HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01435.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 43 p.; Report: HTML Document","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0435/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0435/pdf/of01-435.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0435/ofr01-435_report.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska;California;Hawai'i;Oregon;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,32.37 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -103.89,71.39 ], [ -103.89,32.37 ], [ 172.45,32.37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd7e5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":55334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745714,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Steven R. srbrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":4182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven R.","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, Lindsay","contributorId":51652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69413,"text":"i2685 - 2001 - Maps showing the development of the Pu‘u ‘Ö‘ö-Küpaianaha flow field, June 1984-February 1987, Kïlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T19:24:04.24552","indexId":"i2685","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2685","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Maps showing the development of the Pu‘u ‘Ö‘ö-Küpaianaha flow field, June 1984-February 1987, Kïlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Pu'u 'O'o - Kupaianaha eruption on the middle east rift zone of Kilauea began in January 1983 with intermittent activity along several fissures. By June 1983, the eruption had localized at the Pu'u 'O'o vent, and the activity settled into an increasingly regular pattern of brief eruptive episodes characterized by high lava fountains. The first 18 months of this eruption are chronicled in Wolfe and others (1988), which includes maps of the flows erupted in episodes 1-20. The maps presented here extend this series through the beginning of episode 48.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2685","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C., Ulrich, G.E., Margriter, S.C., and Hoffmann, J.P., 2001, Maps showing the development of the Pu‘u ‘Ö‘ö-Küpaianaha flow field, June 1984-February 1987, Kïlauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2685, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2685.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6346,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2685/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110210,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43380.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"43380"}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Pu'u 'O'o - Kupaianaha flow field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.009,\n              19.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.153,\n              19.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.153,\n              19.447\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.009,\n              19.447\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.009,\n              19.317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db606179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulrich, George E.","contributorId":23550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Margriter, Sandy C.","contributorId":74082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margriter","given":"Sandy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":280357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023280,"text":"70023280 - 2001 - Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T16:32:42","indexId":"70023280","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, currently hosts the longest running SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> emission-rate data set on the planet, starting with initial surveys done in 1975 by Stoiber and his colleagues. The 17.5-year record of summit emissions, starting in 1979, shows the effects of summit and east rift eruptive processes, which define seven distinctly different periods of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> release. Summit emissions jumped nearly 40% with the onset (3 January 1983) of the Pu`u `Ō`ō-Kūpaianaha eruption on the east rift zone (ERZ). Summit SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> emissions from Kı̄lauea showed a strong positive correlation with short-period, shallow, caldera events, rather than with long-period seismicity as in more silicious systems. This correlation suggests a maturation process in the summit magma-transport system from 1986 through 1993. During a steady-state throughput-equilibrium interval of the summit magma reservoir, integration of summit-caldera and ERZ SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> emissions reveals an undegassed volume rate of effusion of 2.1×10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/d. This value corroborates the volume-rate determined by geophysical methods, demonstrating that, for Kı̄lauea, SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> emission rates can be used to monitor effusion rate, supporting and supplementing other, more established geophysical methods. For the 17.5 years of continuous emission rate records at Kı̄lauea, the volcano has released 9.7×10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;t (metric tonnes) of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, 1.7×10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;t from the summit and 8.0×10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;t from the east rift zone. On an annual basis, the average SO</span><sub>2</sub><span> release from Kı̄lauea is 4.6×10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;t/y, compared to the global annual volcanic emission rate of 1.2×10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;t/y.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00291-2","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Gerlach, T., and Stokes, J.B., 2001, Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 283-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00291-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3917e4b0c8380cd617ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stokes, J. B.","contributorId":19182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023092,"text":"70023092 - 2001 - P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023092","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography","docAbstract":"We examine the P-wave velocity structure beneath the island of Hawaii using P-wave residuals from teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network. The station geometry and distribution of events makes it possible to image the velocity structure between ~ 40 and 100 km depth with a lateral resolution of ~ 15 km and a vertical resolution of ~ 30 km. For depths between 40 and 80 km, P-wave velocities are up to 5 per cent slower in a broad elongated region trending SE-NW that underlies the island between the two lines defined by the volcanic loci. No direct correlation between the magnitude of the lithospheric anomaly and the current level of volcanic activity is apparent, but the slow region is broadened at ~ 19.8??N and narrow beneath Kilauea. In the case of the occanic lithosphere beneath Hawaii, slow seismic velocities are likely to be related to magma transport from the top of the melting zone at the base of the lithosphere to the surface. Thermal modelling shows that the broad elongated low-velocity zone cannot be explained in terms of conductive heating by one primary conduit per volcano but that more complicated melt pathways must exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Tilmann, F., Benz, H., Priestley, K., and Okubo, P.G., 2001, P-wave velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath Hawaii from traveltime tomography: Geophysical Journal International, v. 146, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478946,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.00480.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00480.x"},{"id":233440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a731be4b0c8380cd76e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilmann, F.J.","contributorId":75305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilmann","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priestley, K.F.","contributorId":64426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priestley","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023787,"text":"70023787 - 2001 - Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:22:57.383783","indexId":"70023787","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function of time, estimated from the GPS data using elastic Green's functions for a homogeneous half-space, shows that only two thirds of the final dike volume accumulated prior to the eruption and the rate of volume change decreased with time. These observations are inconsistent with simple models of dike propagation, which predict accelerating dike volume up to the time of the eruption and little or no change thereafter. Deflationary tilt changes at Kilauea summit mirror the inferred dike volume history, suggesting that the rate of dike propagation is limited by flow of magma into the dike. A simple, lumped parameter model of a coupled dike magma chamber system shows that the tendency for a dike to end in an eruption (rather than intrusion) is favored by high initial dike pressures, compressional stress states, large, compressible magma reservoirs, and highly conductive conduits linking the dike and source reservoirs. Comparison of model predictions to the observed dike volume history, the ratio of erupted to intruded magma, and the deflationary history of the summit magma chamber suggest that most of the magma supplied to the growing dike came from sources near to the eruption through highly conductive conduits. Interpretation is complicated by the presence of multiple source reservoirs, magma vesiculation and cooling, as well as spatial variations in dike-normal stress. Reinflation of the summit magma chamber following the eruption was measured by GPS and accompanied a rise in the level of the Pu'u O'o lava lake. For a spheroidal chamber these data imply a summit magma chamber volume of ∼20 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, consistent with recent estimates from seismic tomography. Continuous deformation measurements can be used to image the spatiotemporal evolution of propagating dikes and to reveal quantitative information about the volcanic plumbing systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000229","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Owen, S., Lisowski, M., and Mikijus, A., 2001, Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19301-19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"19301","endPage":"19317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2859111779368,\n              19.394092842334288\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27261767738136,\n              19.395866050911422\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26912645501318,\n              19.398905792091867\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26442673259461,\n              19.403591948485584\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2574442878584,\n              19.4057450021093\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25059612090553,\n              19.41017766982378\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24643350962046,\n              19.408911205662818\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24012245380123,\n              19.409037852522204\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23891395375074,\n              19.41359707378831\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24079384271812,\n              19.41486350145172\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24321084281917,\n              19.418156167201673\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24549356513683,\n              19.41878936450675\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25086467647228,\n              19.417902887589094\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25637006559123,\n              19.42309504075868\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.257310010075,\n              19.42828702802622\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25905562125902,\n              19.430059863724253\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2683207883129,\n              19.43081964452884\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27449756634877,\n              19.432339195474597\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27986867768433,\n              19.43031312438704\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28765678912083,\n              19.421955314029162\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29611628947433,\n              19.416003277912424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2957134561242,\n              19.413090499961413\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29799617844174,\n              19.409544438976212\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29356501158992,\n              19.397005960508707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ae4b0c8380cd4d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023780,"text":"70023780 - 2001 - Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:43:58.015268","indexId":"70023780","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) networks are routinely used for producing improved orbits and monitoring secular tectonic deformation. For these applications, data are transferred to an analysis center each day and routinely processed in 24-hour segments. To use GPS for monitoring volcanic events, which may last only a few hours, real-time or near real-time data processing and subdaily position estimates are valuable. Strategies have been researched for obtaining station coordinates every 15 min using a Kalman filter; these strategies have been tested on data collected by a GPS network on Kilauea Volcano. Data from this network are tracked continuously, recorded every 30 s, and telemetered hourly to the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. A white noise model is heavily impacted by data outages and poor satellite geometry, but a properly constrained random walk model fits the data well. Using a borehole tiltmeter at Kilauea's summit as ground-truth, solutions using different random walk constraints were compared. This study indicates that signals on the order of 5 mm/h are resolvable using a random walk standard deviation of 0.45 cm/√h. Values lower than this suppress small signals, and values greater than this have significantly higher noise at periods of 1–6 hours.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000305","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Larson, K., Cervelli, P., Lisowski, M., Mikijus, A., Segall, P., and Owen, S., 2001, Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19453-19464, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000305.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19453","endPage":"19464","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000305","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26519626593304,\n              19.40231282179836\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2530083081693,\n              19.407655849794338\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23910373663622,\n              19.406846311379084\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23704380011282,\n              19.414941514169755\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24974674200735,\n              19.42433144440021\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26021808600137,\n              19.43015940404547\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.279959144351,\n              19.4316163612869\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29849857306192,\n              19.41332250585515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29884189581594,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29437870001507,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29386371588427,\n              19.394055069727003\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28013080572794,\n              19.396807700313744\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc335e4b08c986b32b005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023691,"text":"70023691 - 2001 - Wavefield properties of a shallow long-period event and tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023691","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wavefield properties of a shallow long-period event and tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The wavefields of tremor and a long-period (LP) event associated with the ongoing eruptive activity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are investigated using a combination of dense small-aperture (300 m) and sparse large-aperture (5 km) arrays deployed in the vicinity of the summit caldera. Measurements of azimuth and slowness for tremor recorded on the small-aperture array indicate a bimodal nature of the observed wavefield. At frequencies below 2 Hz, the wavefield is dominated by body waves impinging the array with steep incidence. These arrivals are attributed to the oceanic microseismic noise. In the 2-6 Hz band, the wavefield is dominated by waves propagating from sources located at shallow depths (<1 km) beneath the eastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater. The hypocenter of the LP event, determined from frequency-slowness analyses combined with phase picks, appears to be located close to the source of tremor but at a shallower depth (<0.1 km). The wavefields of tremor and LP event are characterized by a complex composition of body and surface waves, whose propagation and polarization properties are strongly affected by topographic and structural features in the summit caldera region. Analyses of the directional properties of the wavefield in the 2-6 Hz band point to the directions of main scattering sources, which are consistent with pronounced velocity contrasts imaged in a high-resolution three-dimensional velocity model of the caldera region. The frequency and Q of the dominant peak observed in the spectra of the LP event may be explained as the dominant oscillation mode of a crack with scale length 20-100 m and aperture of a few centimeters filled with bubbly water. The mechanism driving the shallow tremor appears to be consistent with a sustained excitation originating in the oscillations of a bubbly cloud resulting from vesiculation and degassing in the magma. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00310-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Saccorotti, G., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2001, Wavefield properties of a shallow long-period event and tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 109, no. 1-3, p. 163-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00310-3.","startPage":"163","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00310-3"},{"id":232341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf9ce4b08c986b32e9d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccorotti, G.","contributorId":107041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccorotti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023659,"text":"70023659 - 2001 - Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023659","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","docAbstract":"The pattern of b-value of the frequency-magnitude relation, or mean magnitude, varies little in the Kaoiki-Hilea area of Hawaii, and the b-values are normal, with b = 0.8 in the top 10 km and somewhat lower values below that depth. We interpret the Kaoiki-Hilea area as relatively stable, normal Hawaiian crust. In contrast, the b-values beneath Kilauea's South Flank are anomalously high (b = 1.3-1.7) at depths between 4 and 8 km, with the highest values near the East Rift zone, but extending 5-8 km away from the rift. Also, the anomalously high b-values vary along strike, parallel to the rift zone. The highest b-values are observed near Hiiaka and Pauahi craters at the bend in the rift, the next highest are near Makaopuhi and also near Puu Kaliu. The mildest anomalies occur adjacent to the central section of the rift. The locations of the three major and two minor b-value anomalies correspond to places where shallow magma reservoirs have been proposed based on analyses of seismicity, geodetic data and differentiated lava chemistry. The existence of the magma reservoirs is also supported by magnetic anomalies, which may be areas of dike concentration, and self-potential anomalies, which are areas of thermal upwelling above a hot source. The simplest explanation of these anomalously high b-values is that they are due to the presence of active magma bodies beneath the East Rift zone at depths down to 8 km. In other volcanoes, anomalously high b-values correlate with volumes adjacent to active magma chambers. This supports a model of a magma body beneath the East Rift zone, which may widen and thin along strike, and which may reach 8 km depth and extend from Kilauea's summit to a distance of at least 40 km down rift. The anomalously high b-values at the center of the South Flank, several kilometers away from the rift, may be explained by unusually high pore pressure throughout the South Flank, or by anomalously strong heterogeneity due to extensive cracking, or by both phenomena. The major b-value anomalies are located SSE of their parent reservoirs, in the direction of motion of the flank, suggesting that magma reservoirs leave an imprint in the mobile flank. We hypothesize that the extensive cracking may have been acquired when the anomalous parts of the South Flank, now several kilometers distant from the rift zone, were generated at the rift zone near persistent reservoirs. Since their generation, these volumes may have moved seaward, away from the rift, but earthquakes occurring in them still use the preexisting complex crack distribution. Along the decollement plane at 10 km depth, the b-values are exceptionally low (b = 0.5), suggesting faulting in a more homogeneous medium. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wyss, M., Klein, F., Nagamine, K., and Wiemer, S., 2001, Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8"},{"id":232500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4ce4b0c8380cd491a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, F.","contributorId":45453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagamine, K.","contributorId":40377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagamine","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023652,"text":"70023652 - 2001 - Rapid fluid disruption: A source for self-potential anomalies on volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:09:38.345696","indexId":"70023652","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid fluid disruption: A source for self-potential anomalies on volcanoes","docAbstract":"Self-potential (SP) anomalies observed above suspected magma reservoirs, dikes, etc., on various volcanoes (Kilauea, Hawaii; Mount Unzen, Japan; Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, Miyake Jima, Japan) result from transient surface electric fields of tens of millivolts per kilometer and generally have a positive polarity. These SP anomalies are usually attributed to electrokinetic effects where properties controlling this process are poorly constrained. We propose an alternate explanation that contributions to electric fields of correct polarity should be expected from charge generation by fluid vaporization/disruption. As liquids are vaporized or removed as droplets by gas transport away from hot dike intrusions, both charge generation and local increase in electrical resistivity by removal of fluids should occur. We report laboratory observations of electric fields in hot rock samples generated by pulses of fluid (water) through the rock at atmospheric pressure. These indicate the relative amplitudes of rapid fluid disruption (RFD) potentials and electrokinetic potentials to be dramatically different and the signals are opposite in sign. Above vaporization temperatures, RFD effects of positive sign in the direction of gas flow dominate, whereas below these temperatures, effects of negative sign dominate. This suggests that the primary contribution to observed self-potential anomalies arises from gas-related charge transport processes at temperatures high enough to produce vigorous boiling and vapor transport. At lower temperatures, the primary contribution is from electrokinetic effects modulated perhaps by changing electrical resistivity and RFD effects from high-pressure but low-temperature CO2 and SO2 gas flow ripping water molecules from saturated crustal rocks. If charge generation is continuous, as could well occur above a newly emplaced dike, positive static potentials will be set up that could be sustained for many years, and the simplest method for identifying these hot, active regions would be to identify the SP anomalies they generate.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900349","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Byerlee, J., and Lockner, D., 2001, Rapid fluid disruption: A source for self-potential anomalies on volcanoes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B3, p. 4327-4335, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900349.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4335","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, Réunion Island, United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea, Miyake Jima, Mount Unzen, Piton de la Fournaise","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.27228553295345,\n              19.39844174469458\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25881011486263,\n              19.406213548704855\n            ],\n            [\n           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J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023640,"text":"70023640 - 2001 - Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:47:22.112866","indexId":"70023640","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>From 1994 through 1998, the eruption of Kîlauea, in Hawai’i, was dominated by steady-state effusion at Pu‘u ‘Ô‘ô that was briefly disrupted by an eruption 4 km uprift at Nāpau Crater on January 30, 1997. In this paper, I describe the systematic relations of whole-rock, glass, olivine, and olivine-inclusion compositions of lava samples collected throughout this interval. This suite comprises vent samples and tube-contained flows collected at variable distances from the vent. The glass composition of tube lava varies systematically with distance and allows for the “vent-correction” of glass thermometry and olivine–liquid&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>D</i></sub><span>&nbsp;as a function of tube-transport distance. Combined olivine–liquid data for vent samples and “vent-corrected” lava-tube samples are used to document pre-eruptive magmatic conditions.&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>D</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values determined for matrix glasses and forsterite cores define three types of olivine phenocrysts: type A (in equilibrium with host glass), type B (Mg-rich relative to host glass) and type C (Mg-poor relative to host glass). All three types of olivine have a cognate association with melts that are present within the shallow magmatic plumbing system during this interval. During steady-state eruptive activity, the compositions of whole-rock, glass and most olivine phenocrysts (type A) all vary sympathetically over time and as influenced by changes of magmatic pressure within the summit-rift-zone plumbing system. Type-A olivine is interpreted as having grown during passage from the summit magma-chamber along the east-rift-zone conduit. Type-B olivine (high Fo) is consistent with equilibrium crystallization from bulk-rock compositions and is likely to have grown within the summit magma-chamber. Lower-temperature, fractionated lava was erupted during non-steady-state activity of the Nāpau Crater eruption. Type-A and type-B olivine–liquid relations indicate that this lava is a mixture of rift-stored and summit-derived magmas. Post- Nāpau lava (at Pu‘u ‘Ô‘ô) gradually increases in temperature and MgO content, and contains type-C olivine with complex zoning, indicating magma hybridization associated with the flushing of rift-stored components through the eruption conduit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.239","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., 2001, Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 239-266, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.239.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.401611328125,\n              19.169815723556237\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.01434326171872,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.137939453125,\n              19.469181787843322\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30548095703125,\n              19.43421929772403\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.40298461914062,\n              19.338357615423384\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47164916992188,\n              19.233363381183896\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.401611328125,\n              19.169815723556237\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d6ce4b0c8380cd75125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023329,"text":"70023329 - 2001 - Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 1. Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:59:08.941587","indexId":"70023329","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 1. Method","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a probabilistic method to locate the source of seismic events using seismic antennas. The method is based on a comparison of the event azimuths and slownesses derived from frequency-slowness analyses of array data, with a slowness vector model. Several slowness vector models are considered including both homogeneous and horizontally layered half-spaces and also a more complex medium representing the actual topography and three-dimensional velocity structure of the region under study. In this latter model the slowness vector is obtained from frequency-slowness analyses of synthetic signals. These signals are generated using the finite difference method and include the effects of topography and velocity structure to reproduce as closely as possible the behavior of the observed wave fields. A comparison of these results with those obtained with a homogeneous half-space demonstrates the importance of structural and topographic effects, which, if ignored, lead to a bias in the source location. We use synthetic seismograms to test the accuracy and stability of the method and to investigate the effect of our choice of probability distributions. We conclude that this location method can provide the source position of shallow events within a complex volcanic structure such as Kilauea Volcano with an error of ±200 m.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000310","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2001, Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 1. Method: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13565-13580, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000310.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"13565","endPage":"13580","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/97988","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26519626593304,\n              19.40231282179836\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2530083081693,\n              19.407655849794338\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23910373663622,\n              19.406846311379084\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23704380011282,\n              19.414941514169755\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24974674200735,\n              19.42433144440021\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26021808600137,\n              19.43015940404547\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.279959144351,\n              19.4316163612869\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29849857306192,\n              19.41332250585515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29884189581594,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29437870001507,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29386371588427,\n              19.394055069727003\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28013080572794,\n              19.396807700313744\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9479e4b08c986b31aaef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023295,"text":"70023295 - 2001 - Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:50:49.814591","indexId":"70023295","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results","docAbstract":"<p><span>Array data from a seismic experiment carried out at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997, are analyzed by the frequency-slowness method. The slowness vectors are determined at each of three small-aperture seismic antennas for the first arrivals of 1129 long-period (LP) events and 147 samples of volcanic tremor. The source locations are determined by using a probabilistic method which compares the event azimuths and slownesses with a slowness vector model. The results show that all the LP seismicity, including both discrete LP events and tremor, was generated in the same source region along the east flank of the Halemaumau pit crater, demonstrating the strong relation that exists between the two types of activities. The dimensions of the source region are approximately 0.6×1.0×0.5 km. For LP events we are able to resolve at least three different clusters of events. The most active cluster is centered ∼200 m northeast of Halemaumau at depths shallower than 200 m beneath the caldera floor. A second cluster is located beneath the northeast quadrant of Halemaumau at a depth of ∼400 m. The third cluster is &lt;200 m deep and extends southeastward from the northeast quadrant of Halemaumau. Only one source zone is resolved for tremor. This zone is coincident with the most active source zone of LP events, northeast of Halemaumau. The location, depth, and size of the source region suggest a hydrothermal origin for all the analyzed LP seismicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000309","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2001, Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13581-13597, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000309.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13581","endPage":"13597","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/97987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26519626593304,\n              19.40231282179836\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2530083081693,\n              19.407655849794338\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23910373663622,\n              19.406846311379084\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23704380011282,\n              19.414941514169755\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24974674200735,\n              19.42433144440021\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26021808600137,\n              19.43015940404547\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.279959144351,\n              19.4316163612869\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29849857306192,\n              19.41332250585515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29884189581594,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29437870001507,\n              19.40490340274536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29386371588427,\n              19.394055069727003\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28013080572794,\n              19.396807700313744\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26777118658742,\n              19.398103039773005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947ae4b08c986b31aaf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023290,"text":"70023290 - 2001 - Trends in long-period seismicity related to magmatic fluid compositions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023290","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in long-period seismicity related to magmatic fluid compositions","docAbstract":"Sound speeds and densities are calculated for three different types of fluids: gas-gas mixture; ash-gas mixture; and bubbly liquid. These fluid properties are used to calculate the impedance contrast (Z) and crack stiffness (C) in the fluid-driven crack model (Chouet: J. Geophys. Res., 91 (1986) 13,967; 101 (1988) 4375; A seismic model for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. In: Gasparini, P., Scarpa, R., Aki, K. (Eds.), Volcanic Seismology, IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, Springer, Berlin, 3133). The fluid-driven crack model describes the far-field spectra of long-period (LP) events as modes of resonance of the crack. Results from our calculations demonstrate that ash-laden gas mixtures have fluid to solid density ratios comparable to, and fluid to solid velocity ratios lower than bubbly liquids (gas-volume fractions <10%). This difference results in synthetic far-field spectra with higher impedance contrasts and narrower spectral bandwidths for ash-laden gas mixture than spectra for bubbly liquids. Spectral characteristics are described in terms of the quality factor Q-1. Q-1 is measured by the ratio of the frequency of the dominant spectral peak to the bandwidth of the peak measured at one half of its amplitude. This factor expresses the losses of energy due to elastic radiation Q-1r and other dissipative mechanisms Q-1i at the source, Q-1 = Q-1r + Q-1i. Spectra for LP events recorded at active volcanoes such as Galeras in Colombia and Kilauea in Hawaii, have Q-1 factors in the range of 0.1-0.002. The Q-1r factors due to radiation loss calculated for a sphere filled with a H2O-CO2 or H2O-SO2 gas mixture, vary between 0.0015 and 0.0040 with a change in wt% H2O at 800-1600 K and 10-50 MPa. For gas-rich mixtures, Q-1r has a strong dependence on resonator geometry (spherical versus rectangular). The spectra from a resonating sphere filled with gas-rich mixture yields values of Q-1r an order of magnitude smaller than those from a rectangular crack. For a resonating crack filled with an ash-gas mixture (or pseudogas), Q-1r varies parabolically from ???0.006 for an ash-rich mixture, to 0.0015 or 0.0023 for a H2O-rich or CO2-rich mixture at 800 K and 25 MPa. For low (<20%) gas-volume fraction fluids (foams, bubbly fluids and ash-rich pseudogases), the magnitudes for Q-1r are independent of crack geometry. Spectra associated with a foam (gas-volume fractions 10-90%) or bubbly basalt (gas-volume fractions <10%) may have a dominant spectral peak with values of Q-1r on the order of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. The spectra from a resonating sphere filled with a foam containing >20% gas-volume fraction yields values of Q-1r similar to those for a rectangular crack. As with gas-gas and ash-gas mixtures, an increase in mass fraction narrows the bandwidth of the dominant mode and shifts the spectra to lower frequencies. Including energy losses due to dissipative processes in a bubbly liquid increases attenuation. Attenuation may also be higher in ash-gas mixtures and foams if the effects of momentum and mass transfer between the phases were considered in the calculations. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00290-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., and Chouet, B., 2001, Trends in long-period seismicity related to magmatic fluid compositions: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 265-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00290-0.","startPage":"265","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00290-0"},{"id":232318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7ede4b08c986b327590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6132,"text":"pp1623 - 2000 - Catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes, 1823-1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1623","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1623","title":"Catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes, 1823-1959","docAbstract":"This catalog of more than 17,000 Hawaiian earthquakes (of magnitude greater than or equal to 5), principally located on the Island of Hawaii, from 1823 through the third quarter of 1959 is designed to expand our ability to evaluate seismic hazard in Hawaii, as well as our knowledge of Hawaiian seismic rhythms as they relate to eruption cycles at Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes and to subcrustal earthquake patterns related to the tectonic evolution of the Hawaiian chain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/pp1623","usgsCitation":"Klein, F.W., and Wright, T., 2000, Catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes, 1823-1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1623, 98 p. and 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1623.","productDescription":"98 p. and 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":844,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1623/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1623.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e735d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207885,"text":"70207885 - 2000 - Formation of submarine flat-topped volcanic cones in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T16:04:43","indexId":"70207885","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-16T15:58:23","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of submarine flat-topped volcanic cones in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span>High-resolution bathymetric mapping has shown that submarine flat-topped volcanic cones, morphologically similar to ones on the deep sea floor and near mid-ocean ridges, are common on or near submarine rift zones of Kilauea, Kohala (or Mauna Kea), Mahukona, and Haleakala volcanoes. Four flat-topped cones on Kohala were explored and sampled with the&nbsp;</span><i>Pisces V</i><span>&nbsp;submersible in October 1998. Samples show that flat-topped cones on rift zones are constructed of tholeiitic basalt erupted during the shield stage. Similarly shaped flat-topped cones on the northwest submarine flank of Ni'ihau are apparently formed of alkalic basalt erupted during the rejuvenated stage. Submarine postshield-stage eruptions on Hilo Ridge, Mahukona, Hana Ridge, and offshore Ni'ihau form pointed cones of alkalic basalt and hawaiite. The shield stage flat-topped cones have steep (∼25°) sides, remarkably flat horizontal tops, basal diameters of 1–3 km, and heights &lt;300 m. The flat tops commonly have either a low mound or a deep crater in the center. The rejuvenated-stage flat-topped cones have the same shape with steep sides and flat horizontal tops, but are much larger with basal diameters up to 5.5 km and heights commonly greater than 200 m. The flat tops have a central low mound, shallow crater, or levees that surrounded lava ponds as large as 1 km across. Most of the rejuvenated-stage flat-topped cones formed on slopes &lt;10° and formed adjacent semicircular steps down the flank of Ni'ihau, rather than circular structures. All the flat-topped cones appear to be monogenetic and formed during steady effusive eruptions lasting years to decades. These, and other submarine volcanic cones of similar size and shape, apparently form as continuously overflowing submarine lava ponds. A lava pond surrounded by a levee forms above a sea-floor vent. As lava continues to flow into the pond, the lava flow surface rises and overflows the lowest point on the levee, forming elongate pillow lava flows that simultaneously build the rim outward and upward, but also dam and fill in the low point on the rim. The process repeats at the new lowest point, forming a circular structure with a flat horizontal top and steep pillowed margins. There is a delicate balance between lava (heat) supply to the pond and cooling and thickening of the floating crust. Factors that facilitate construction of such landforms include effusive eruption of lava with low volatile contents, moderate to high confining pressure at moderate to great ocean depth, long-lived steady eruption (years to decades), moderate effusion rates (probably ca. 0.1 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/year), and low, but not necessarily flat, slopes. With higher effusion rates, sheet flows flood the slope. With lower effusion rates, pillow mounds form. Hawaiian shield-stage eruptions begin as fissure eruptions. If the eruption is too brief, it will not consolidate activity at a point, and fissure-fed flows will form a pond with irregular levees. The pond will solidify between eruptive pulses if the eruption is not steady. Lava that is too volatile rich or that is erupted in too shallow water will produce fragmental and highly vesicular lava that will accumulate to form steep pointed cones, as occurs during the post-shield stage. The steady effusion of lava on land constructs lava shields, which are probably the subaerial analogs to submarine flat-topped cones but formed under different cooling conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland ","doi":"10.1007/s004450000088","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Moore, J.G., and Reynolds, J., 2000, Formation of submarine flat-topped volcanic cones in Hawai'i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 62, p. 214-233, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450000088.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.6748046875,\n              17.8742034396575\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.27001953125,\n              17.8742034396575\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.27001953125,\n              23.160563309048314\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.6748046875,\n              23.160563309048314\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.6748046875,\n              17.8742034396575\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.","contributorId":9398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, J.R.","contributorId":72942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023163,"text":"70023163 - 2000 - Comment on 'Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano' by P.T. Delaney and D.F. McTigue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T13:37:11.379422","indexId":"70023163","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on 'Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano' by P.T. Delaney and D.F. McTigue","docAbstract":"In volcanoes that store a significant quantity of magma within a subsurface summit reservoir, such as Kilauea, bulk compression of stored magma is an important mode of deformation. Accumulation of magma is also accompanied by crustal deformation, usually manifested at the surface as uplift. These two modes of deformation - bulk compression of resident magma and deformation of the volcanic edifice - act in concert to accommodate the volume of newly added magma. During deflation, the processes reverse and reservoir magma undergoes bulk decompression, the chamber contracts, and the ground surface subsides. Because magma compression plays a role in creating subsurface volume of accommodate magma, magma budget estimates that are derived from surface uplift observations without consideration of magma compression will underestimate actual magma volume changes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050006","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D., Sigmundsson, F., and Delaney, P., 2000, Comment on 'Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano' by P.T. Delaney and D.F. McTigue: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 61, no. 7, p. 491-493, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050006.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"493","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29114723205566,\n              19.397306279233554\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28977394104004,\n              19.397225320423033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28582572937012,\n              19.39973502481919\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27990341186523,\n              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]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7ede4b0c8380cd4cdad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Daniel J.","contributorId":71970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sigmundsson, F.","contributorId":50314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigmundsson","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delaney, P.T.","contributorId":69980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022206,"text":"70022206 - 2000 - The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022206","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"Stress changes in the Earth's crust are generally estimated from model calculations that use near-surface deformation as an observational constraint. But the widespread correlation of changes of earthquake activity with stress has led to suggestions that stress changes might be calculated from earthquake occurrence rates obtained from seismicity catalogues. Although this possibility has considerable appeal, because seismicity data are routinely collected and have good spatial and temporal resolution, the method has not yet proven successful, owing to the nonlinearity of earthquake rate changes with respect to both stress and time. Here, however, we present two methods for inverting earthquake rate data to infer stress changes, using a formulation for the stress- and time-dependence of earthquake rates. Application of these methods at Kilauea volcano, in Hawaii, yields good agreement with independent estimates, indicating that earthquake rates can provide a practical remote-sensing stress meter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35044054","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J., Cayol, V., and Okubo, P., 2000, The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano: Nature, v. 408, no. 6811, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.1038/35044054.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35044054"},{"id":230485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"408","issue":"6811","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb167e4b08c986b32530d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, J.","contributorId":49953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayol, V.","contributorId":83302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayol","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022059,"text":"70022059 - 2000 - In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:29:11.572103","indexId":"70022059","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submersible observations and samples show that the lower south flank of Hawaii, offshore from Kilauea volcano and the active Hilina slump system, consists entirely of compositionally diverse volcaniclastic rocks; pillow lavas are confined to shallow slopes. Submarine-erupted basalt clasts have strongly variable alkalic and transitional basalt compositions (to 41% SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, 10.8% alkalies), contrasting with present-day Kilauea tholeiites. The volcaniclastic rocks provide a unique record of ancestral alkalic growth of an archetypal hotspot volcano, including transition to its tholeiitic shield stage, and associated slope-failure events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1079:ISOAKV>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Sisson, T.W., Ui, T., and Naka, J., 2000, In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano: Geology, v. 28, no. 12, p. 1079-1082, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1079:ISOAKV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1082","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hilina slump, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.25079345703122,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.25079345703122,\n              19.621892180319374\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.621892180319374\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3992e4b0c8380cd61979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ui, T.","contributorId":19298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ui","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naka, J.","contributorId":47540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022593,"text":"70022593 - 2000 - High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022593","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"After a magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 and before the start of the ongoing eruption in 1983, deformation of Kilauea volcano was the most rapid ever recorded. Three-dimensional numerical modeling shows that this deformation is consistent with the dilation of a dike within Kilauea's rift zones coupled with creep over a narrow area of a low-angle fault beneath the south flank. Magma supply is estimated to be 0.18 cubic kilometers per year, twice that of previous estimates. The 1983 eruption may be a direct consequence of the high rates of magma storage within the rift zone that followed the 1975 earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5475.2343","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cayol, V., Dieterich, J.H., Okamura, A., and Mikijus, A., 2000, High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii: Science, v. 288, no. 5475, p. 2343-2346, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2343.","startPage":"2343","endPage":"2346","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487392,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03049436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2343"},{"id":230549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5475","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c0e4b0c8380cd5d8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayol, V.","contributorId":83302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayol","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamura, A.T.","contributorId":70400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022317,"text":"70022317 - 2000 - January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022317","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS","docAbstract":"A continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network on Kilauea Volcano captured the most recent fissure eruption in Kilauea's East Rift Zone (ERZ) in unprecedented spatial and temporal detail. The short eruption drained the lava pond at Pu'u O' o, leading to a two month long pause in its on-going eruption. Models of the GPS data indicate that the intrusion's bottom edge extended to only 2.4 km. Continuous GPS data reveal rift opening 8 hours prior to the eruption. Absence of precursory summit inflation rules out magma storage overpressurization as the eruption's cause. We infer that stresses in the shallow rift created by the continued deep rift dilation and slip on the south flank decollement caused the rift intrusion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL008454","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Owen, S., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Mikijus, A., Murray, M., Bevis, M., and Foster, J., 2000, January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 17, p. 2757-2760, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008454.","startPage":"2757","endPage":"2760","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl008454","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008454"},{"id":230416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fe7e4b0c8380cd648f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bevis, M.","contributorId":27634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foster, J.","contributorId":89687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":4803,"text":"pp1613 - 1999 - Magma migration and resupply during the 1974 summit eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"pp1613","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1613","title":"Magma migration and resupply during the 1974 summit eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present a complete account of contrasting yet related eruptions, thus filling a gap in the published narratives of recent activity of Kilauea; and to examine their significance within a broader context of regional magmatic and eruptive dynamics. We have gained a historical perspective and can view these three eruptions within a multidecade context of the eruptive behavior of not only Kilauea, but also of the adjacent Mauna Loa.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/pp1613","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., Tilling, R.I., Holcomb, R.T., Klein, F.W., Okamura, A.T., and Peterson, D.W., 1999, Magma migration and resupply during the 1974 summit eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1613, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1613.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1613/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1613/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1613/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.5,19 ], [ -155.5,19.5 ], [ -154.5,19.5 ], [ -154.5,19 ], [ -155.5,19 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, John P. 0000-0002-6562-0222","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0222","contributorId":30976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holcomb, Robin T.","contributorId":46938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okamura, Arnold T.","contributorId":53782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Donald W.","contributorId":11209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":6614,"text":"fs13298 - 1999 - Explosive eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T19:16:23.025757","indexId":"fs13298","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"132-98","title":"Explosive eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13298","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Christiansen, R.L., Swanson, D., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1999, Explosive eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 132-98, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13298.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_132_98.jpg"},{"id":917,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs132-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69187.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.4214,\n              19.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1436,\n              19.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1436,\n              19.5014\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.4214,\n              19.5014\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.4214,\n              19.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021543,"text":"70021543 - 1999 - Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021543","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes","docAbstract":"Measurements of a large suite of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and several others) and sulfur at Kilauea volcano over an extended period of time has yielded a detailed record of the atmospheric injection of ordinarily-rare metals from this quiescently degassing volcano, representative of an important type. We have combined the Kilauea data with data of recent studies by others (emissions from volcanoes in the Indonesian arc; the large Laki eruption of two centuries ago; Etna: estimates of total volcanic emissions of sulfur) to form the basis for a new working estimate of the rate of worldwide injection of metals to the atmosphere by volcanoes. The new estimate is that volcanoes inject a substantially smaller mass of ordinarily-rare metals into the atmosphere than was stated in a widely cited previous estimate [J.O. Nriagu, A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals, Nature 338 (1989) 47-49]. Our estimate, which is an upper limit, is an annual injection mass of about 10,000 tons of the metals considered, versus the earlier estimate of about 23,000 tons. Also, the proportions of the metals are substantially different in our new estimate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00103-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., Lamothe, P.J., Wilson, S., Finnegan, D., and Gerlach, T., 1999, Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 170, no. 3, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00103-X.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00103-X"},{"id":229354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a547be4b0c8380cd6cfbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finnegan, David L.","contributorId":80410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finnegan","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021512,"text":"70021512 - 1999 - The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T12:19:42.629411","indexId":"70021512","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report measurements of the isotopic composition of lithium in basalts using a multicollector magnetic sector plasma-source mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). This is the first application of this analytical technique to Li isotope determination. External precision of multiple replicate and duplicate measurements for a variety of sample types averages ±1.1‰ (2σ population). The method allows for the rapid (∼8 min/sample) analysis of small samples (∼40 ng Li) relative to commonly used thermal ionization methods. The technique has been applied to a suite of samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. The samples range from olivine-rich cumulitic lava to SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>− and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O-enriched differentiated liquids, and have δ</span><sup>7</sup><span>Li (per mil deviation of sample&nbsp;</span><sup>7</sup><span>Li/</span><sup>6</sup><span>Li relative to the L-SVEC standard) of +3.0 to +4.8. The data indicate a lack of per mil-level Li isotope fractionation as a result of crystal–liquid fractionation at temperatures greater than 1050°C. This conclusion has been tacitly assumed but never demonstrated, and is important to the interpretation of Li isotope results from such geochemically complex environments as island arcs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00318-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tomascak, P., Tera, F., Helz, R., and Walker, R., 1999, The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 6, p. 907-910, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00318-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"907","endPage":"910","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00318-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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